Building construction carbon emission optimization method based on BIM data driving

Abstract

The invention discloses a building construction carbon emission optimization method based on BIM data driving, and relates to the technical field of building construction management, according to the method, through BIM data driving, accurate calculation and simulation of the cutting process of each target component and selection of an optimal cutting scheme, waste generation is reduced to the maximum extent, the material utilization rate is optimized, and carbon emission is effectively reduced. Meanwhile, in consideration of the influence of temperature change on the material in the cutting process, thermal expansion error factor calculation and a first correction instruction and a second correction instruction are introduced, so that the cutting precision is further improved. By dynamically adjusting the cutting distance, not only is the construction accuracy improved, but also material waste caused by thermal expansion errors is reduced, and therefore related carbon emission is reduced. Comprising a plurality of optimization stages, and carbon emission and waste volume minimization in each cutting process are ensured through refined cutting scheme design, real-time data monitoring and error correction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction management, and in particular to a building construction carbon emission optimization method driven by BIM data. Background Art

[0002] As the world's attention to environmental protection and carbon emission control continues to deepen, the construction industry, as one of the main areas of energy consumption and carbon emissions, faces tremendous environmental pressure. In the construction process, especially in the cutting and processing of materials, the waste generated not only wastes raw materials, but also brings additional carbon emissions. Traditional construction methods usually rely on manual experience or simple cutting tools for material processing, resulting in unreasonable cutting layout and the generation of a large amount of waste. These wastes not only increase construction costs, but also bring environmental pollution problems that cannot be ignored.

[0003] Especially in modern construction, a large amount of high-carbon emission materials such as concrete, steel bars, and wood are used. The waste generated during the processing and cutting of these materials directly affects the carbon emissions of construction.

[0004] In traditional construction, especially in the cutting process, a large amount of waste is often generated. These wastes not only occupy resources, but also lead to additional carbon emissions. In the processing of building materials such as steel bars, wood, concrete, etc., there is usually no efficient cutting layout and waste utilization plan, resulting in resource waste and increased carbon emissions. For example, the cutting of materials such as plates and steel bars often results in a large amount of non-reusable waste due to unreasonable design layout or low cutting accuracy, which increases the procurement and processing costs of materials and also increases the burden of carbon emissions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for optimizing carbon emissions in building construction based on BIM data to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for optimizing carbon emissions from construction based on BIM data, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Extract the construction design drawings from the CAD software, and use the BIM modeling software to simulate the cutting process of each component based on the cutting simulation tool to generate a geometric calculation model;

[0008] Based on the geometric calculation model, by defining the cutting scheme and generating the position matching scheme, the cutting combination of each target component in the raw material is calculated, and the first carbon emission waste volume is selected among all matching schemes. The smallest solution, used as the first layout solution;

[0009] Collect the i-th target component t i The degree of expansion or contraction under the change of cutting temperature is calculated to obtain the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i And evaluate, if the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i If the first error threshold is exceeded, the first correction instruction is generated. i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i If the first error threshold is not exceeded, a second correction instruction is generated;

[0010] For each target component, update the cutting distance according to the first correction instruction and the second correction instruction, and recalculate the i-th target component t i The volume occupancy of the second volume occupancy value is obtained Obtain the matching scheme set M for the second time and calculate the second carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme after the first correction After that, select the second carbon emission waste volume in all matching schemes The smallest scheme is used as the second layout scheme;

[0011] Cut according to the second layout plan, collect real-time cutting data during each cutting process, and construct a real-time cutting error index W cz And evaluate, if the real-time cutting error index W cz When the second error threshold is exceeded, a third correction instruction is generated to adjust the real-time cutting parameters in real time.

[0012] Preferably, the step of generating a geometric body calculation model comprises:

[0013] S11. Extracting architectural construction design drawings from CAD software, including geometric parameters, material properties, physical characteristics and construction requirement information of target components;

[0014] S12. Create a 3D model consistent with the design drawings in BIM modeling software Revit or Navisworks;

[0015] S13. Assign material properties to each target component in the BIM 3D model, including but not limited to: concrete, steel, wood, brick, stone, glass, and aluminum alloy materials;

[0016] S14. Use the BIM three-dimensional model to simulate the cutting process of each target component based on the cutting simulation tool. During the simulation process, the geometric parameters of each target component, including a cuboid, a cylinder, and an inclined plane, are extracted, and a geometric calculation model is generated according to the shape of the geometric parameters of the target component.

[0017] Preferably, the geometric calculation model is used to calculate the volume of waste generated during the cutting process. When performing layout and typesetting, the waste volumes under different layout schemes can be compared to select the optimal layout scheme, which specifically includes:

[0018] S151, collecting target parameters for cutting layout, including initial material, target component size and quantity;

[0019] Collect initial material volume V initial , several target components form a set, T = {t 1 , t 2 ,...t n}; n represents the total number of target component types;

[0020] S152, define a cutting plan P, which represents the layout plan of the target component in the initial material, and generate each target component t i The position matching scheme is to calculate the space required for cutting each target component on the raw material and then record the area position and sequence combination occupied by each component on the raw material;

[0021] S153, generate a matching solution: for each target component t i Generate a location matching solution P i , each solution P i represents the cutting t in the raw material volume i The volume occupied by each component is calculated, and the feasible combination of cutting in the raw material is calculated, and all possible matching scheme sets M are listed, where each scheme contains a certain number of target components;

[0022] S154: For each solution in the matching solution set M, calculate the first carbon emission waste volume of the kth solution.

[0023]

[0024] Among them, V initial represents the initial material volume, V cut Represents the total cutting volume; among multiple schemes, select the first carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme The smallest solution is used as the first layout solution, that is,

[0025] Preferably, the matching solution set M in step S153 is generated specifically by the following steps:

[0026] S1531. For each target component t i , calculate the maximum amount that can be cut from the initial material The maximum number is determined by the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, It means that t can be cut from the raw material without exceeding the initial material volume. i The maximum number of

[0029] S1532. For each target component t i , t i Number of cuts X i From 0 to All integer values ​​between, that is:

[0030]

[0031] X i Indicates cutting the i-th target component t from the initial material i The number of, that is, the number of each target component cut out, the number of each target component is a non-negative integer;

[0032] S1533. For all target components, a matching solution set M is generated as follows:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, X 1 , X 2 , ..., X n is the combination of the number of cuts of the target component, and the total cutting volume V cut Not exceeding the initial material volume V initial ; n represents the number of different target components; v i is the volume of the i-th target component.

[0035] Preferably, the i-th target component t is collected i The degree of expansion or contraction under the change of cutting temperature. Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials, the change of temperature during the cutting process will cause the size of the material to change, thus affecting the cutting accuracy. The i-th target component t is calculated by the following formula: i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i :

[0036] ΔRpz i =α i *(L 0，i *W 0,i *H 0，i )*Δwd;

[0037] In the formula, ΔRpz iIt represents the volume change of the i-th target component due to temperature change, that is, the thermal expansion error factor. The component is set to be rectangular for calculation, L 0，i is the original length of the i-th target component, W 0,i is the original width of the i-th target component, H 0，i is the original height of the i-th target component, α i is the thermal expansion coefficient of the i-th target component, Δwd represents the temperature change during the cutting process; ɑ i It is obtained by extracting the thermal expansion coefficient of the i-th known material, specifically including:

[0038] Concrete thermal expansion coefficient: 10-12×10 -6 / ℃;

[0039] Thermal expansion coefficient of steel bars: 11-13×10 -6 / ℃;

[0040] Thermal expansion coefficient of wood: 3-5×10 along the fiber direction -6 / ℃; perpendicular to the fiber direction: 20-50×10 -6 / ℃;

[0041] Thermal expansion coefficient of bricks: 5-10×10 -6 / ℃;

[0042] Thermal expansion coefficient of stone: 5-10×10 -6 / ℃;

[0043] Thermal expansion coefficient of glass: 9×10 -6 / ℃;

[0044] Thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum alloy: 22×10 -6 / ℃.

[0045] Preferably, a first error threshold is preset, and the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i Comparing with the first error threshold to obtain a first correction result includes:

[0046] If the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i > The first error threshold indicates that the thermal expansion error of the target component has an unqualified influence on the cutting accuracy, and generates a first correction instruction, including: for the i-th target component t i The first cutting distance between the adjacent (i+1) target component and the target component is set to 3.5-5 cm;

[0047] If the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpzi ≤ the first error threshold, indicating that the thermal expansion error of the target component has a qualified influence on the cutting accuracy, and the second correction instruction is generated as follows: for the i-th target component t i The second cutting spacing with the adjacent (i+1) target component is set to 1.5-3 cm.

[0048] Preferably, for each target component, the cutting spacing is updated according to the first correction instruction and the second correction instruction, and the i-th target component t is recalculated. i The volume occupancy of the second volume occupancy value is obtained Obtain the matching scheme set M for the second time and calculate the second carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme after the first correction

[0049]

[0050] In the formula, is the i-th target component t after the first correction instruction or the second correction instruction with the cutting spacing i Volume occupancy; Among multiple schemes, select the second carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme The smallest solution is used as the second layout solution, that is Make sure the new solution does not exceed the initial material volume V initial .

[0051] Preferably, cutting is performed according to the second layout scheme, and real-time cutting data is collected during each cutting process;

[0052] The real-time cutting error index W is constructed based on the real-time cutting data collected during each cutting process. cz , the real-time cutting error index W cz The construction method is as follows:

[0053] S31, using an angle sensor or a laser tracker to measure the difference between the actual cutting angle and the predetermined cutting angle, and obtain a cutting angle error value Δθ: Δθ=θ actual -θ target ; where θ actual is the actual cutting angle; θ target is the predetermined cutting angle;

[0054] S32. Install the acceleration sensor on the cutting equipment to obtain the cutting vibration value A in real time. v ;

[0055] S33, using the speed sensor in the cutting equipment to obtain the cutting speed V in real time s ;

[0056] S34, extracting the cutting angle error value Δθ and the cutting vibration value A in S31-S33 v and cutting speed V s After dimensionless processing, the real-time cutting error index W is calculated by the following formula: cz :

[0057] W cz =w θ ×|Δθ|+w v ×A v +w vs ×|V s -V ref |;

[0058] In the formula, |Δθ| represents the absolute value of the cutting angle error Δθ, V ref Indicates the preset reference cutting speed value; w θ 、w v and w vs Represents the weight coefficient.

[0059] Preferably, a second error threshold is preset, and the real-time cutting error index W is cz Compared with the second error threshold, if the real-time cutting error index W cz > the second error threshold, it indicates that the cutting is abnormal and the cutting error exceeds the preset range, and a third correction instruction is generated, including: adjusting the cutting angle error value Δθ to not exceed 1-3°, adding an active vibration reduction device or a passive vibration reduction device to reduce the cutting vibration value A of the current cutting equipment v 10-30% and adjust the cutting speed V s With the preset reference cutting speed value V ref Consistency;

[0060] If the real-time cutting error index W cz ≤ the second error threshold, it means that the cutting process is qualified and no correction is needed.

[0061] The present invention provides a method for optimizing carbon emissions in construction based on BIM data. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0062] (1) This method of optimizing carbon emissions from construction based on BIM data drives the generation of cutting plans through BIM technology during construction, and can calculate the optimal cutting plan based on the geometric shape and size of the target component, thereby avoiding waste generated by unreasonable layout in traditional methods, thereby reducing carbon emissions from waste disposal. By comparing multiple cutting plans, the present invention can select the layout plan with the smallest waste volume, ensuring maximum utilization of materials in each cutting process, reducing unnecessary material waste, and further reducing carbon emissions during transportation and waste disposal.

[0063] (2) This is a carbon emission optimization method for building construction driven by BIM data. The thermal expansion error factor calculation and its first correction instruction and second correction instruction further improve the cutting accuracy. By dynamically adjusting the cutting spacing, not only the construction accuracy is improved, but also the material waste caused by thermal expansion error is reduced, thereby reducing related carbon emissions.

[0064] (3) This method of optimizing carbon emissions from construction based on BIM data drives the errors in the cutting process to be monitored in real time and dynamically adjusts the cutting parameters according to the real-time data. The present invention can further optimize each cutting operation, reduce waste generated by cutting errors, and reduce carbon emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of a method for optimizing carbon emissions from construction based on BIM data-driven according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for optimizing carbon emissions from building construction based on BIM data, comprising the following steps:

[0069] Extract the construction design drawings from the CAD software, and use the BIM modeling software to simulate the cutting process of each component based on the cutting simulation tool to generate a geometric calculation model;

[0070] Based on the geometric calculation model, by defining the cutting scheme and generating the position matching scheme, the cutting combination of each target component in the raw material is calculated, and the first carbon emission waste volume is selected among all matching schemes. The smallest solution, used as the first layout solution;

[0071] Collect the i-th target component t i The degree of expansion or contraction under the change of cutting temperature is calculated to obtain the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i And evaluate, if the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz iIf the first error threshold is exceeded, the first correction instruction is generated. i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i If the first error threshold is not exceeded, a second correction instruction is generated;

[0072] For each target component, update the cutting distance according to the first correction instruction and the second correction instruction, and recalculate the i-th target component t i The volume occupancy of the second volume occupancy value is obtained Obtain the matching scheme set M for the second time and calculate the second carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme after the first correction After that, select the second carbon emission waste volume in all matching schemes The smallest scheme is used as the second layout scheme;

[0073] Cut according to the second layout plan, collect real-time cutting data during each cutting process, and construct a real-time cutting error index W cz And evaluate, if the real-time cutting error index W cz When the second error threshold is exceeded, a third correction instruction is generated to adjust the real-time cutting parameters in real time.

[0074] In this embodiment, through BIM modeling and cutting simulation, the optimal cutting scheme can be accurately calculated according to the geometric shape and size of each target component, reducing unnecessary waste generation and optimizing the utilization efficiency of materials. This precise cutting scheme not only reduces waste, but also avoids material waste and reduces the overall carbon emissions of construction. This method optimizes the cutting process multiple times (including correction of thermal expansion error, adjustment of cutting spacing, etc.), selects the cutting scheme with the smallest carbon emissions, effectively reduces the volume of waste in each cutting process, and thus reduces the carbon emissions generated by waste treatment, transportation and processing. This method takes into account the effect of temperature changes on material expansion or contraction, calculates and corrects the thermal expansion error factor, thereby further improving the cutting accuracy. This correction process not only reduces the waste generated by errors, but also avoids material waste caused by temperature difference changes. By collecting real-time cutting data in each cutting process, constructing a real-time cutting error index and evaluating it, errors in the cutting process can be discovered and adjusted in a timely manner. This method of dynamically adjusting cutting parameters ensures the improvement of cutting accuracy during construction and further reduces the generation of waste and carbon emissions. By reducing material waste, optimizing cutting plans, and reducing waste generation, the overall cost of construction has been effectively reduced. Reducing waste during construction not only saves material costs, but also reduces transportation and waste disposal costs.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] This embodiment is an explanation of the embodiment 1. Specifically, the steps of generating a geometric body calculation model include:

[0077] S11. Extracting architectural construction design drawings from CAD software, including geometric parameters, material properties, physical characteristics and construction requirement information of target components;

[0078] S12. Create a 3D model consistent with the design drawings in BIM modeling software Revit or Navisworks;

[0079] S13. Assign material properties to each target component in the BIM 3D model, including but not limited to: concrete, steel, wood, brick, stone, glass, and aluminum alloy materials;

[0080] S14. Use the BIM three-dimensional model to simulate the cutting process of each target component based on the cutting simulation tool. During the simulation process, the geometric parameters of each target component, including a cuboid, a cylinder, and an inclined plane, are extracted, and a geometric calculation model is generated according to the shape of the geometric parameters of the target component.

[0081] In recent years, the application of building information modeling (BIM) technology has provided new ideas and solutions for optimizing carbon emissions in construction. Through digital modeling and simulation, BIM technology can achieve full life cycle management of building design, construction and operation. In construction, BIM technology can not only accurately simulate the geometric shapes of building structures and components, but also optimize the cutting process through simulation tools to generate more scientific and reasonable cutting plans, thereby reducing the generation of waste. With the support of BIM technology, the cutting plan in construction no longer relies on traditional manual typesetting, but optimizes the cutting layout of each component through data-driven methods, minimizes the generation of waste, and reduces carbon emissions.

[0082] The geometric calculation model is used to calculate the volume of waste generated during the cutting process. When performing layout and typesetting, the waste volumes under different layout schemes can be compared to select the optimal layout scheme, which specifically includes:

[0083] S151, collecting target parameters for cutting layout, including initial material, target component size and quantity;

[0084] Collect initial material volume V initial , several target components form a set, T = {t 1 , t 2 ,...t n}; n represents the total number of target component types; by comprehensively collecting initial material and component parameters, the accuracy of the layout plan is ensured, providing basic data support for subsequent layout optimization. The geometric calculation model can understand the total amount of materials and the required quantity of each component, thus laying a data foundation for accurately calculating the cutting quantity and reducing waste.

[0085] S152, define a cutting plan P, which represents the layout plan of the target component in the initial material, and generate each target component t i A position matching scheme is developed, that is, after calculating the space required to cut each target component on the raw material, the area position and sequence combination occupied by each component on the raw material are recorded; through the position matching scheme, the cutting layout of each component is visualized, which makes it easy to identify and adjust the layout method that may generate too much waste.

[0086] S153, generate a matching solution: for each target component t i Generate a location matching solution P i , each solution P i represents the cutting t in the raw material volume i The volume occupied by each component is calculated, and the feasible combination of cutting each component in the raw material is calculated, and all possible matching scheme sets M are listed, where each scheme contains a number of target components; multiple possible cutting combinations are generated, which increases the diversity of layout schemes, so that multiple situations can be considered when selecting a scheme. By generating multiple combination schemes, the material utilization rate is improved and the waste volume is minimized.

[0087] In step S153, the matching solution set M is generated by the following steps:

[0088] S1531. For each target component t i , calculate the maximum amount that can be cut from the initial material The maximum number is determined by the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, It means that t can be cut from the raw material without exceeding the initial material volume. i The maximum number of cuts per component is limited to avoid exceeding the material volume and preventing material waste due to excessive cutting. When the model generates a cutting plan, the number of each component is selected more accurately to ensure that the plan is optimal within the material volume constraint.

[0091] S1532. For each target component t i , t i Number of cuts X i From 0 to All integer values ​​between, that is:

[0092]

[0093] X i Indicates cutting the i-th target component t from the initial material i The number of is the number of each target component cut out. The number of each target component is a non-negative integer. It allows the number of target components to be flexibly selected according to the material volume in the cutting scheme, improving the adaptability of the cutting layout scheme. Through the combination of integer values, all eligible schemes can be listed in the matching scheme set, optimizing the rationality of the layout scheme.

[0094] S1533. For all target components, a matching solution set M is generated as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, X 1 , X 2 , ..., X n is the combination of the number of cuts of the target component, and the total cutting volume V cut Not exceeding the initial material volume V initial ; n represents the number of different target components; v i is the volume of the i-th target component.

[0097] Generate a set of solutions containing various combinations of component quantities to provide multiple options for optimizing layout, increase layout flexibility and diversity. Limit layout solutions through volume constraints.

[0098] S154: For each solution in the matching solution set M, calculate the first carbon emission waste volume of the kth solution.

[0099]

[0100] Among them, V initial represents the initial material volume, V cut Represents the total cutting volume; among multiple schemes, select the first carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme The smallest solution is used as the first layout solution, that is, Ensure that the selected cutting plan achieves the best material utilization, thereby maximizing the number of cuts of the target component and minimizing waste. Waste volume is discharged through the first carbon The quantitative calculation makes the layout plan more scientific and operational, and provides a basis for selecting efficient and economical cutting plans for actual construction.

[0101] In this embodiment, by collecting target parameters such as initial material, target component size and quantity, and constructing multiple cutting layout schemes, the waste volume under each scheme can be evaluated. Based on the principle of minimum waste volume, the model can accurately select the first carbon emission waste volume Minimal solutions, reducing material waste and additional waste disposal costs.

[0102] Example 3

[0103] This embodiment is an explanation of the embodiment 2. Specifically, the i-th target component t is collected. i The degree of expansion or contraction under the change of cutting temperature. Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials, the change of temperature during the cutting process will cause the size of the material to change, thus affecting the cutting accuracy. The i-th target component t is calculated by the following formula: i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i :

[0104] ΔRpz i = i *(L 0，i *W 0,i *H 0，i )*Δwd;

[0105] In the formula, ΔRpz i It represents the volume change of the i-th target component due to temperature change, that is, the thermal expansion error factor. The component is set to be rectangular for calculation, L 0，i is the original length of the i-th target component, W 0，i is the original width of the i-th target component, H 0，i is the original height of the i-th target component, α i is the thermal expansion coefficient of the i-th target component, Δwd represents the temperature change during the cutting process; α i It is obtained by extracting the thermal expansion coefficient of the i-th known material, specifically including:

[0106] Concrete thermal expansion coefficient: 10-12×10 -6 / ℃;

[0107] Thermal expansion coefficient of steel bars: 11-13×10 -6 / ℃;

[0108] Thermal expansion coefficient of wood: 3-5×10 along the fiber direction -6 / ℃; perpendicular to the fiber direction: 20-50×10 -6 / ℃;

[0109] Thermal expansion coefficient of bricks: 5-10×10 -6 / ℃;

[0110] Thermal expansion coefficient of stone: 5-10×10 -6 / ℃;

[0111] Thermal expansion coefficient of glass: 9×10 -6 / ℃;

[0112] Thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum alloy: 22×10 -6 / ℃.

[0113] In this embodiment,

[0114] Preset the first error threshold and set the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i Comparing with the first error threshold to obtain a first correction result includes:

[0115] If the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i > The first error threshold indicates that the thermal expansion error of the target component has an unqualified influence on the cutting accuracy, and generates a first correction instruction, including: for the i-th target component t i The first cutting distance between the adjacent (i+1) target component and the target component is set to 3.5-5 cm;

[0116] If the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i ≤ the first error threshold, indicating that the thermal expansion error of the target component has a qualified influence on the cutting accuracy, and the second correction instruction is generated as follows: for the i-th target component t i The second cutting spacing with the adjacent (i+1) target component is set to 1.5-3 cm.

[0117] In this embodiment, the thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz of each target component is calculated and analyzed. i , it is possible to identify in advance which components may affect the cutting accuracy due to temperature changes. iComponents that exceed the first error threshold are specially processed to increase the cutting spacing, thereby reducing the dimensional error caused by thermal expansion and improving the cutting accuracy. Automatically adjusting the cutting spacing (first correction instruction and second correction instruction) according to the size of the thermal expansion error factor can adapt to the impact of temperature changes of different components on cutting accuracy in real time, ensuring that each component meets the predetermined size requirements. By accurately controlling the cutting spacing, reprocessing and waste caused by errors are avoided. Reasonable cutting spacing helps to use raw materials more efficiently, reduce waste generation, and thus improve overall production efficiency. Dynamic adjustment is made according to the thermal expansion error factor to ensure that unnecessary material waste is minimized during the cutting process, while optimizing the layout plan to make full use of every piece of raw material.

[0118] Example 4

[0119] This embodiment is an explanation of the third embodiment. Specifically, for each target component, the cutting distance is updated according to the first correction instruction and the second correction instruction, and the i-th target component t is recalculated. i The volume occupancy of the second volume occupancy value is obtained Obtain the matching scheme set M for the second time and calculate the second carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme after the first correction

[0120]

[0121] In the formula, is the i-th target component t after the first correction instruction or the second correction instruction with the cutting spacing i Volume occupancy; Among multiple schemes, select the second carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme The smallest solution is used as the second layout solution, that is Make sure the new solution does not exceed the initial material volume V initial .

[0122] In this embodiment, by updating the cutting spacing according to the first correction instruction and the second correction instruction, the volume occupancy of each target component can be accurately controlled to ensure that the size change of each component matches the thermal expansion behavior of the material, thereby avoiding excessive space waste. This refined adjustment helps to optimize the overall material utilization efficiency. After updating the cutting spacing, the volume occupancy of each target component is recalculated and selected through the secondary acquisition of the matching solution set M. The kth solution with the smallest waste volume is selected as the optimal solution to ensure that the waste in the cutting process is minimized, thereby significantly reducing carbon emissions. The system automatically optimizes the layout scheme to reduce the generation of waste while ensuring the maximum utilization of materials, ensuring that the layout scheme not only meets the cutting accuracy requirements, but also meets environmental protection standards and reduces the carbon footprint in the production process. As the production process progresses, the system can continuously optimize and adjust the layout scheme based on real-time data. Each updated solution will be evaluated by the carbon emission waste volume to ensure that the solution not only meets the current production requirements, but also minimizes waste and carbon emissions, thereby ensuring the sustainability of production.

[0123] Example 5

[0124] This embodiment is an explanation of the embodiment 1. Specifically, cutting is performed according to the second layout scheme, and real-time cutting data is collected during each cutting process.

[0125] The real-time cutting error index W is constructed based on the real-time cutting data collected during each cutting process. cz , the real-time cutting error index W cz The construction method is as follows:

[0126] S31, using an angle sensor or a laser tracker to measure the difference between the actual cutting angle and the predetermined cutting angle, and obtain a cutting angle error value Δθ: Δθ=θ actual -θ target ; where θ actual is the actual cutting angle; θ target is the predetermined cutting angle;

[0127] S32. Install the acceleration sensor on the cutting equipment to obtain the cutting vibration value A in real time. v ;

[0128] S33, using the speed sensor in the cutting equipment to obtain the cutting speed V in real time s ;

[0129] S34, extracting the cutting angle error value Δθ and the cutting vibration value A in S31-S33 v and cutting speed V s After dimensionless processing, the real-time cutting error index W is calculated by the following formula: cz :

[0130] W cz =w θ ×|Δθ|+w v ×A v +w vs ×|V s -V ref |;

[0131] In the formula, |Δθ| represents the absolute value of the cutting angle error Δθ, V ref Indicates the preset reference cutting speed value; w θ 、w v and w vs Represents the weight coefficient.

[0132] The second error threshold is preset, and the real-time cutting error index W is cz Compared with the second error threshold, if the real-time cutting error index W cz > the second error threshold, it indicates that the cutting is abnormal and the cutting error exceeds the preset range, and a third correction instruction is generated, including: adjusting the cutting angle error value Δθ to not exceed 1-3°, adding an active vibration reduction device or a passive vibration reduction device to reduce the cutting vibration value A of the current cutting equipment v 10-30% and adjust the cutting speed V s With the preset reference cutting speed value V ref Consistency;

[0133] If the real-time cutting error index W cz ≤ the second error threshold, it means that the cutting process is qualified and no correction is needed.

[0134] In this embodiment, during the cutting process, the correction of the cutting error helps to reduce the volume of waste. The reduction of waste means that the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, thereby reducing the demand for raw materials in the production process. Reducing the demand for raw materials not only reduces energy consumption in transportation and production processes, but also reduces carbon emissions related to waste treatment. For example, keeping the cutting speed stable and reducing vibration can help the smooth operation of the cutting equipment and avoid wasting energy due to overload operation of the equipment. The reduction in energy consumption directly leads to a reduction in carbon emissions, especially when using electric drive equipment, reducing energy consumption helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The optimization measures in the embodiment can improve production efficiency and reduce waste. For example, by real-time monitoring of data such as vibration, angle and speed during the cutting process, the system can automatically adjust and correct when it finds that the cutting process is abnormal, which helps to avoid repeated processing or rework caused by unqualified cutting. The optimized production process reduces the waste of production resources and energy, thereby reducing carbon emissions. In the embodiment, the optimization of waste volume is not only a matter of improving production efficiency, it is also closely related to carbon emissions. The reduction of waste can reduce the energy consumption required for waste transportation, storage and disposal, and also reduce the carbon emissions caused by processing unqualified products. By reducing waste generation, the production process is more environmentally friendly, thereby effectively controlling carbon emissions.

[0135] The threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by technicians in this field for each group of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantized value.

[0136] The above formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data for software simulation and selecting a formula that is close to the actual value. The coefficients in the formula are set by technical personnel in this field according to actual conditions. The above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technical personnel familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention, make equivalent replacement or change, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing carbon emissions in building construction based on BIM data, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Extract the construction design drawings from the CAD software, and use the BIM modeling software to simulate the cutting process of each component based on the cutting simulation tool to generate a geometric calculation model; Based on the geometric calculation model, by defining the cutting scheme and generating the position matching scheme, the cutting combination of each target component in the raw material is calculated, and the first carbon emission waste volume is selected among all matching schemes. The smallest solution is used as the first layout solution; Collect the i-th target component t i The degree of expansion or contraction under the change of cutting temperature is calculated to obtain the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i And evaluate, if the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i If the first error threshold is exceeded, the first correction instruction is generated. i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i If the first error threshold is not exceeded, a second correction instruction is generated; For each target component, update the cutting distance according to the first correction instruction and the second correction instruction, and recalculate the i-th target component t i The volume occupancy of the second volume occupancy value is obtained Obtain the matching scheme set M for the second time and calculate the second carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme after the first correction After that, select the second carbon emission waste volume in all matching schemes The smallest scheme is used as the second layout scheme; Cut according to the second layout plan, collect real-time cutting data during each cutting process, and construct a real-time cutting error index W cz And evaluate, if the real-time cutting error index W cz When the second error threshold is exceeded, a third correction instruction is generated to adjust the real-time cutting parameters in real time.

2. The method for optimizing carbon emissions from construction based on BIM data-driven according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps to generate a geometric calculation model include: S11. Extracting architectural construction design drawings from CAD software, including geometric parameters, material properties, physical characteristics and construction requirement information of target components; S12. Create a 3D model consistent with the design drawings in BIM modeling software Revit or Navisworks; S13. Assign material properties to each target component in the BIM 3D model, including but not limited to: concrete, steel bars, wood, bricks, stones, glass, and aluminum alloy materials; S14. Use the BIM three-dimensional model to simulate the cutting process of each target component based on the cutting simulation tool. During the simulation process, the geometric parameters of each target component, including a cuboid, a cylinder, and an inclined plane, are extracted, and a geometric calculation model is generated according to the shape of the geometric parameters of the target component.

3. The method for optimizing carbon emissions from building construction based on BIM data-driven according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The geometric calculation model is used to calculate the volume of waste generated during the cutting process. When performing layout and typesetting, the waste volumes under different layout schemes can be compared to select the optimal layout scheme, which specifically includes: S151, collecting target parameters for cutting layout, including initial material, target component size and quantity; Collect initial material volume V initial , several target components form a set, T = {t1, t2, ...t n }; n represents the total number of target component types; S152, define a cutting plan P, which represents the layout plan of the target component in the initial material, and generate each target component t i The position matching scheme is to calculate the space required for cutting each target component on the raw material and then record the area position and sequence combination occupied by each component on the raw material; S153, generate a matching solution: for each target component t i Generate a location matching solution P i , each solution P i represents the cutting t in the raw material volume i The volume occupied by each component is calculated, and the feasible combination of cutting in the raw material is calculated, and all possible matching scheme sets M are listed, where each scheme contains a certain number of target components; S154: For each solution in the matching solution set M, calculate the first carbon emission waste volume of the kth solution. Among them, V initial represents the initial material volume, V cut Represents the total cutting volume; among multiple schemes, select the first carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme The smallest solution is used as the first layout solution, that is, 4. The method for optimizing carbon emissions from building construction based on BIM data-driven according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S153, the matching solution set M is generated by the following steps: S1531. For each target component t i , calculate the maximum amount that can be cut from the initial material The maximum number is determined by the following formula: In the formula, It means that t can be cut from the raw material without exceeding the initial material volume. i The maximum number of S1532. For each target component t i , t i Number of cuts X i From 0 to All integer values ​​between, that is: X i Indicates cutting the i-th target component t from the initial material i The number of, that is, the number of each target component cut out, the number of each target component is a non-negative integer; S1533. For all target components, a matching solution set M is generated as follows: Among them, X1,X2,...,X n is the combination of the number of cuts of the target component, and the total cutting volume V cut Not exceeding the initial material volume V initial ; n represents the number of different target components; v i is the volume of the i-th target component.

5. The method for optimizing carbon emissions from building construction based on BIM data-driven according to claim 1, characterized in that: Collect the i-th target component t i The degree of expansion or contraction under the change of cutting temperature. Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials, the change of temperature during the cutting process will cause the size of the material to change, thus affecting the cutting accuracy. The i-th target component t is calculated by the following formula: i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i : ΔRpz i =a i *(L 0,i *W 0,i *H 0,i )*Δwd; In the formula, ΔRpz i It represents the volume change of the i-th target component due to temperature change, that is, the thermal expansion error factor. The component is set as a rectangle for calculation, L 0,i is the original length of the i-th target component, W 0,i is the original width of the i-th target component, H 0,i is the original height of the i-th target component, α i is the thermal expansion coefficient of the i-th target component, Δwd represents the temperature change during the cutting process; α i It is obtained by extracting the thermal expansion coefficient of the i-th known material, specifically including: Thermal expansion coefficient of concrete: 10-12×10 -6 / ℃; Thermal expansion coefficient of steel bars: 11-13×10 -6 / ℃; Thermal expansion coefficient of wood: 3-5×10 along the fiber direction -6 / ℃; perpendicular to the fiber direction: 20-50×10 -6 / ℃; Thermal expansion coefficient of bricks: 5-10×10 -6 / ℃; Thermal expansion coefficient of stone: 5-10×10 -6 / ℃; Thermal expansion coefficient of glass: 9×10 -6 / ℃; Thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum alloy: 22×10 -6 / ℃.

6. The method for optimizing carbon emissions from building construction based on BIM data-driven according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Preset the first error threshold and set the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i Comparing with the first error threshold to obtain a first correction result includes: If the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i > The first error threshold indicates that the thermal expansion error of the target component has an unqualified influence on the cutting accuracy, and generates a first correction instruction, including: for the i-th target component t i The first cutting distance between the adjacent (i+1) target component and the target component is set to 3.5-5 cm; If the i-th target component t i Thermal expansion error factor ΔRpz i ≤ the first error threshold, indicating that the thermal expansion error of the target component has a qualified influence on the cutting accuracy, and the second correction instruction is generated as follows: for the i-th target component t i The second cutting spacing with the adjacent (i+1) target component is set to 1.5-3 cm.

7. The method for optimizing carbon emissions from building construction based on BIM data drive according to claim 6 is characterized in that: For each target component, update the cutting distance according to the first correction instruction and the second correction instruction, and recalculate the i-th target component t i The volume occupancy of the second volume occupancy value is obtained Obtain the matching scheme set M for the second time and calculate the second carbon emission waste volume of the kth scheme after the first correction is the i-th target component t after the first correction instruction or the second correction instruction with the cutting spacing i Volume occupied by Among multiple options, select the second carbon emission waste volume of the kth option The smallest solution is used as the second layout solution, that is Make sure the new solution does not exceed the initial material volume V initial .

8. The method for optimizing carbon emissions from building construction based on BIM data drive according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Cut according to the second layout plan and collect real-time cutting data during each cutting process; The real-time cutting error index W is constructed based on the real-time cutting data collected during each cutting process. cz , the real-time cutting error index W cz The construction method is as follows: S31, using an angle sensor or a laser tracker to measure the difference between the actual cutting angle and the predetermined cutting angle, and obtain a cutting angle error value Δθ: Δθ=θ actual -θ target ; where θ actual is the actual cutting angle; θ target is the predetermined cutting angle; S32. Install the acceleration sensor on the cutting equipment to obtain the cutting vibration value A in real time. v ; S33, using the speed sensor in the cutting equipment to obtain the cutting speed V in real time s ; S34, extracting the cutting angle error value Δθ and the cutting vibration value A in S31-S33 v and cutting speed V s After dimensionless processing, the real-time cutting error index W is calculated by the following formula: cz : IN cz =in θ ×|Δθ|+in v ×A v +in vs ×|V s -V ref |; In the formula, |Δθ| represents the absolute value of the cutting angle error Δθ, V ref Indicates the preset reference cutting speed value; w θ 、w v and w vs Represents the weight coefficient.

9. The method for optimizing carbon emissions from building construction based on BIM data-driven according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second error threshold is preset, and the real-time cutting error index W is cz Compared with the second error threshold, if the real-time cutting error index W cz > the second error threshold, it indicates that the cutting is abnormal and the cutting error exceeds the preset range, and a third correction instruction is generated, including: adjusting the cutting angle error value Δθ to not exceed 1-3°, adding an active vibration reduction device or a passive vibration reduction device to reduce the cutting vibration value A of the current cutting equipment v 10-30% and adjust the cutting speed V s With the preset reference cutting speed value V ref Consistency; If the real-time cutting error index W cz ≤ the second error threshold, it means that the cutting process is qualified and no correction is needed.

Images