Radial power combiner and implementation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a radial power combiner and an implementation method thereof. The radial power combiner is applied to the fields of communication, electronic countermeasures and the like. Impedance of an input connector is system characteristic impedance, the impedance of the input connector is evenly distributed and installed on the periphery of an outer conductor of the synthesizer at intervals, and an inner conductor of the input connector is directly connected to an inner conductor of the synthesizer; the impedance of the output connector is system characteristic impedance, the output connector is installed at the output end of the outer conductor of the synthesizer, and the inner conductor of the output connector is directly connected to the inner conductor of the synthesizer; the inner conductor is supported and installed between the synthesizer inner conductor and the synthesizer outer conductor, and the number of paths of the synthesizers is four. The power combiner disclosed by the invention is wide in working bandwidth, high in synthesis efficiency and easy to realize in structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a radial power synthesizer and a realization method thereof, and its application fields include communication, electronic countermeasure and the like. Background Art

[0002] In communication and electronic countermeasure systems, the output power of the transmitter determines the effective range of the system. With the development of microelectronics technology, solid-state power devices have gradually replaced high-power vacuum electronic devices to become the amplification core of the transmitter. However, due to the limited output power of a single solid-state device, it is difficult to obtain a large output power by a single device. Therefore, the design needs to adopt power synthesis to obtain a large output power.

[0003] Power combiners are also key components in high-power transmitters. With the continuous expansion of the operating frequency bands of communication systems and electronic warfare systems, the demand for broadband power combiners continues to expand. Especially in the field of electronic warfare, wide-band and high-power transmission systems have put forward requirements for high-power broadband power combiners.

[0004] The key requirements of power combiners are to achieve multi-path, low loss, wide bandwidth, and high balance. Radial power combination / distribution can achieve multi-path power equal amplitude and phase combination. Under the same number of combination / distribution paths, radial combination / distribution has less loss and higher efficiency than binary structure.

[0005] The structure of radial power synthesis / distribution generally feeds / outputs signals in the center of a disk structure through a circularly symmetrical transmission line, and distributes multiple interfaces around the disk structure for signal output / feedback, thereby achieving one-time synthesis / distribution of multiple signals. The structure is generally in the form of a waveguide or coaxial cavity.

[0006] In 2012, Mohammad Amjadi, Eslam Jafari, and others published an article titled “Design of a BroadBand Eight-Way Coaxial Waveguide Power Combiner”. The structure uses coaxial waveguide radial synthesis, and the return loss is greater than 12dB. The working bandwidth reaches 112% (520MHz~1860MHz).

[0007] In 2021, Mohamed M. Fahmi, Raafat Mansour, et al. published an article titled "Extremely Wide-Band Ridge Waveguide Radial Combiners", which uses ridge waveguide radial synthesis and has a synthesis efficiency of 90% in a bandwidth of 125%.

[0008] China has published many papers or patents on radial power combiners, but the bandwidth under high combination efficiency conditions does not exceed 125%. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to expand the working bandwidth of the existing power combiner under the condition of high synthesis efficiency, and to provide a radial power combiner and its implementation method. The designed power combiner has a wide working bandwidth, high synthesis efficiency, and easy structure to implement, and can reach a working bandwidth of more than 140% when the synthesis efficiency is 90%.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is: a radial power combiner, comprising a combiner outer conductor, a combiner inner conductor, an input connector, an output connector and an inner conductor support, characterized in that: it is divided into three sections, wherein the AB section is a distribution section, the BC section is an impedance transformation section, and the CD section is an interface transformation section; the combiner outer conductor and the combiner inner conductor are made of metal; the impedance of the input connector is the system characteristic impedance, the impedance of the input connector is evenly distributed and installed around the combiner outer conductor, and the inner conductor of the input connector is directly connected to the combiner inner conductor; the impedance of the output connector is the system characteristic impedance, installed at the output end of the combiner outer conductor, and the output connector inner conductor is directly connected to the combiner inner conductor; the inner conductor support is installed between the combiner inner conductor and the combiner outer conductor, and the number of combiner paths is 4.

[0011] According to a radial power combiner as described above, it is characterized in that: the inner cavity radius of the outer conductor of the combiner is Ro=10mm, the outer radius of the inner conductor of the combiner is Ri=8mm, the height of the distribution section is H=14mm, and the gradient line length dimension L is 220mm.

[0012] According to the radial power combiner as described above, it is characterized in that the system characteristic impedance is 50Ω.

[0013] According to the radial power combiner as described above, it is characterized in that the inner conductor support is made of insulating low dielectric constant material.

[0014] According to the radial power combiner as described above, the feature is that the inner conductor support is fixed by gluing or screwing.

[0015] According to the radial power combiner as described above, it is characterized in that the internal medium between the combiner outer conductor and the combiner inner conductor of the radial combiner cavity is one of air, polytetrafluoroethylene or ceramic.

[0016] The present invention also discloses a method for realizing a radial power combiner, comprising a combiner outer conductor, a combiner inner conductor, an input connector, an output connector and an inner conductor support, which are divided into a distribution section, an impedance transformation section and an interface transformation section; the combiner outer conductor and the combiner inner conductor are made of metal; the impedance of the input connector is the system characteristic impedance, the impedance of the input connector is evenly distributed and installed around the combiner outer conductor, and the inner conductor of the input connector is directly connected to the combiner inner conductor; the impedance of the output connector is the system characteristic impedance, which is installed at the output end of the combiner outer conductor, and the inner conductor of the output connector is directly connected to the combiner inner conductor; the inner conductor support is installed between the combiner inner conductor and the combiner outer conductor, and is characterized in that:

[0017] Step 1: Determine the number of synthesizer paths N, the impedance Z0 of the distribution section, and select the initial value Z0 as 50 / NΩ;

[0018] Step 2: At the AA interface, the inner radius of the synthesizer outer conductor is Ro, and the outer radius of the synthesizer inner conductor is Ri. Determine the size of Ro and calculate Ri by the following formula;

[0019]

[0020] Step 3: The length H of the synthesizer distribution segment (AB segment) is:

[0021] Where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency;

[0022] Step 4: Set the impedance Z at BB in the synthesizer impedance transformation section B =50 / NΩ, the impedance Z at CC C 50Ω;

[0023] Step 5: The interface transformation section adopts a gradient line design and sets the initial length dimension L of the interface transformation gradient line;

[0024]

[0025] Rc and Rd are the cross-sectional radii of CC and DD of the conductor inside the synthesizer, and λ is the wavelength of the center frequency;

[0026] Step 6: Use EM simulation software to perform simulation optimization to obtain the dimensions of the synthesizer that ultimately meet the performance indicators.

[0027] According to the implementation method of the radial power combiner as described above, it is characterized in that the impedance transformation section adopts multi-section impedance transformation or gradient line impedance transformation.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the method of the present invention are: 1. A compact coaxial line cavity is adopted, and the input connectors are connected to enter the coaxial inner conductor, which reduces the parasitic parameters caused by the input port connecting to the coaxial inner conductor and effectively broadens the working frequency band. 2. The inner conductor of the distribution segment does not adopt a λ / 4 short-circuit connection with the outer conductor, which will not bring more parasitic parameters between the inner and outer conductors. 3. The design of the first five steps can determine the most important parameters of the synthesizer, provide a range for optimizing the optimal parameters of the product, improve the design efficiency, and ensure the bandwidth of the product. 4. The design method of three-stage design and optimal parameters is adopted, and the synthesizer design can be divided into segments, which simplifies the complexity of the design and improves the design efficiency. 5. The radial synthesizer is compact in size, and there is no short-circuit connection design between the inner conductor and the outer conductor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The overall cross-sectional diagram of the radial power combiner of the present invention is

[0030] Figure 2 Design a schematic for the example.

[0031] Figure 3 Example simulation output port standing wave.

[0032] Figure 4 Example simulation insertion loss.

[0033] Explanation of the reference numerals: combiner outer conductor 1, combiner inner conductor 2, inner conductor support 3, inner conductor 4, input connector 5, output connector 6, connector inner conductor 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a radial power combiner of the present invention comprises a combiner outer conductor 1, a combiner inner conductor 2, an input connector 5, an output connector 6 and an inner conductor support 3. The combiner is designed in three sections, namely, a distribution section (AB section), an impedance transformation section (BC section) and an interface transformation section (CD section). The combiner outer conductor 1 and the combiner inner conductor 2 are made of metal. The impedance of the input connector 5 is the system characteristic impedance (generally 50Ω), and is usually evenly spaced and installed around the combiner outer conductor 1. The inner conductor 4 of the input connector 5 is directly connected to the combiner inner conductor 2. The impedance of the output connector 6 is the system characteristic impedance (generally 50Ω), and is installed at the output end of the combiner outer conductor 1. The output connector inner conductor 7 is directly connected to the combiner inner conductor 2. The inner conductor support 3 is made of an insulating low dielectric constant material, and is installed between the combiner inner conductor 2 and the combiner outer conductor 1, and is fixed by gluing or screws.

[0036] The internal medium between the synthesizer outer conductor 1 and the synthesizer inner conductor 2 of the radial synthesizer cavity can be a dielectric material such as air, polytetrafluoroethylene, ceramics, etc.

[0037] The specific steps are as follows:

[0038] Step 1: Determine the number of synthesizer paths N, the impedance Z0 of the distribution section (AB section), and select the initial value Z0 as 50 / NΩ;

[0039] Step 2: At the AA interface, the inner radius of the synthesizer outer conductor 1 is Ro, and the outer radius of the synthesizer inner conductor 2 is Ri. The Ro structure size is selected to be as small as possible to meet the production and manufacturing requirements. It can also provide sufficient circumference to set the input port. Ri is calculated by the following formula;

[0040]

[0041] Step 3: Select an initial value for the length H of the synthesizer allocation segment (AB segment);

[0042] (λ is the wavelength of the center frequency)

[0043] Step 4: Set the impedance Z at BB in the synthesizer impedance transformation section (BC section) B =50 / NΩ, the impedance Z at CC C The impedance transformation section (BC section) can be designed by adopting broadband impedance transformation design such as multi-section impedance transformation or gradient line impedance transformation;

[0044] Step 5: Interface transformation section (CD section), adopting gradient line design, setting the initial length dimension L of the interface transformation gradient line;

[0045]

[0046] Rc and Rd are the cross-sectional radii of CC and DD of the conductor 2 in the synthesizer, and λ is the wavelength of the center frequency.

[0047] Step 6: Use EM simulation software to perform simulation optimization to obtain the dimensions of the synthesizer that ultimately meet the performance indicators.

[0048] A specific synthesizer and implementation process are given below, as follows:

[0049] Example: A four-channel 1GHz~6GHz broadband high-power synthesizer is designed with a synthesis efficiency of 90% and an output standing wave no greater than 1.5.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, both the input connector 5 and the output connector 6 are N-type connectors with a characteristic impedance of 50Ω. The four input connectors are evenly spaced and installed around the synthesizer distribution section, and the input connector inner conductor 4 is directly connected to the synthesizer inner conductor 2; the output connector 6 is installed at the output end of the synthesizer outer conductor 1; the inner conductor support 3 is an insulating low dielectric constant material, installed between the synthesizer inner conductor 2 and the synthesizer outer conductor 1, and fixed by gluing.

[0051] Step 1: The number of synthesizer paths N=4, the impedance Z0 of the AB segment of the synthesizer outer conductor 1 is selected to have an initial value of 12.5Ω, and the medium in the cavity is air medium;

[0052] Step 2: At the AA interface, the inner radius of the synthesizer outer conductor 1 is Ro, and the outer radius of the synthesizer inner conductor 2 is Ri. Ro is selected to be 10 mm; the initial value of Ri is calculated to be 8.1 mm according to the following formula.

[0053]

[0054] Step 3: Select an initial value for the height H of the distribution section (AB section) that is no greater than λ / 4 of the center frequency, H = 15 mm;

[0055] Step 4: Impedance transformation section (BC section) setting impedance Z B For 12.5Ω, Z C The impedance transformation section (BC section) is designed with Chebyshev gradient line impedance transformation design;

[0056] Step 5: The interface transformation section (CD section) adopts a gradient line design and sets the initial gradient line length dimension L to 140 mm;

[0057] Step 6: Use EM simulation software to optimize and obtain Ro = 10mm, Ri = 8mm, H = 14mm, and L is 220mm. The synthesizer design simulation results are shown in Figure 3-4 In the frequency band of 1GHz to 6GHz, the output standing wave of the synthesizer is less than 1.35, the insertion loss is less than 0.15dB, and the synthesis efficiency is greater than 90%.

[0058] The 1 GHz to 6 GHz radial synthesizer designed in this example has an operating bandwidth of 142.8% with a synthesis efficiency of more than 90%.

[0059] The above description of the specific implementation of the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Technical personnel in the relevant field do not need to make creative designs based on the scheme of the present invention, and various modifications and changes to the scheme are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radial power combiner, comprising a combiner outer conductor (1), a combiner inner conductor (2), an input connector (5), an output connector (6) and an inner conductor support (3), characterized in that: The invention is divided into three sections, wherein the AB section is a distribution section, the BC section is an impedance transformation section, and the CD section is an interface transformation section; the outer conductor (1) of the synthesizer and the inner conductor (2) of the synthesizer are made of metal; the impedance of the input connector (5) is the system characteristic impedance, and the impedance of the input connector (5) is evenly distributed and installed around the outer conductor (1) of the synthesizer, and the inner conductor (4) of the input connector (5) is directly connected to the inner conductor (2) of the synthesizer; the impedance of the output connector (6) is the system characteristic impedance, and is installed at the output end of the outer conductor (1) of the synthesizer, and the inner conductor (7) of the output connector is directly connected to the inner conductor (2) of the synthesizer; the inner conductor support (3) is installed between the inner conductor (2) of the synthesizer and the outer conductor (1) of the synthesizer, and the number of synthesizer paths is 4.

2. A radial power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner radius of the synthesizer outer conductor (1) is Ro=10 mm, the outer radius of the synthesizer inner conductor (2) is Ri=8 mm, the height of the distribution section is H=14 mm, and the gradient line length dimension L is 220 mm.

3. A radial power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system characteristic impedance is 50Ω.

4. A radial power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner conductor support (3) is made of insulating low dielectric constant material.

5. A radial power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner conductor support (3) is fixed by gluing or screwing.

6. A radial power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal medium between the synthesizer outer conductor (1) and the synthesizer inner conductor (2) of the radial synthesizer cavity is one of air, polytetrafluoroethylene or ceramic.

7. A method for realizing a radial power combiner, comprising a combiner outer conductor (1), a combiner inner conductor (2), an input connector (5), an output connector (6) and an inner conductor support (3), which is divided into a distribution section, an impedance transformation section and an interface transformation section; the combiner outer conductor (1) and the combiner inner conductor (2) are made of metal; the impedance of the input connector (5) is the system characteristic impedance, and the impedance of the input connector (5) is evenly distributed and installed around the combiner outer conductor (1), and the inner conductor (4) of the input connector (5) is directly connected to the combiner inner conductor (2); the impedance of the output connector (6) is the system characteristic impedance, and is installed at the output end of the combiner outer conductor (1), and the output connector inner conductor (7) is directly connected to the combiner inner conductor (2); the inner conductor support (3) is installed between the combiner inner conductor (2) and the combiner outer conductor (1), characterized in that: Step 1: Determine the number of synthesizer paths N, the impedance Z0 of the distribution section, and select the initial value Z0 as 50 / NΩ; Step 2: At the AA interface, the inner radius of the synthesizer outer conductor (1) is Ro, and the outer radius of the synthesizer inner conductor (2) is Ri. Determine the size of Ro and calculate Ri by the following formula; Step 3: The length H of the synthesizer distribution segment (AB segment) is: Where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency; Step 4: Set the impedance Z at BB in the synthesizer impedance transformation section B =50 / NΩ, the impedance Z at CC C 50Ω; Step 5: Interface transformation section, adopt gradient line design, set the initial length dimension L of interface transformation gradient line; Rc and Rd are the cross-sectional radii of CC and DD of the conductor (2) in the synthesizer, and λ is the wavelength of the center frequency; Step 6: Use EM simulation software to perform simulation optimization to obtain the dimensions of the synthesizer that ultimately meet the performance indicators.

8. The method for implementing a radial power combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impedance transformation section adopts multi-section impedance transformation or gradient line impedance transformation.

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