Ecological soil improvement method for hilly areas

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to an ecological soil improvement method for a hilly area, which comprises the following steps: planting robinia pseudoacacia saplings to a field in spring; collecting robinia pseudoacacia fallen leaves after the robinia pseudoacacia fallen leaf period begins, returning the robinia pseudoacacia fallen leaves to the field, and removing the robinia pseudoacacia from the field after the robinia pseudoacacia The problems of soil acidification and organic matter content reduction in the hilly area, influence on a soil ecosystem, inhibition of normal growth of crops, and reduction of quality and yield of agricultural products can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to an ecological soil improvement method for hilly areas. Background Art

[0002] In the process of agricultural production and engineering construction, due to long-term over-cultivation and engineering construction, the soil acidification and organic matter content of the fields are reduced, which in turn affects the growth and yield of crops. Especially in hilly areas, the fields are unevenly distributed, and the slopes are prone to soil erosion, which affects the soil structure, leading to soil acidification and reduced organic matter content, which in turn leads to insufficient stable cultivated land area. After the soil acidifies, it affects the activity of organisms in the soil, changes the form of nutrients in the soil, reduces the effectiveness of nutrients, and causes free manganese and aluminum ions to dissolve into the soil solution, which has a toxic effect on crops. The organic matter content of the cultivated layer of cultivated soil (i.e. the surface layer of the soil, usually 0 to 20 cm or deeper) is an important component of the fertility of the field soil, and has an important impact on soil structure, water retention capacity, nutrient supply and other aspects. The existing technology usually adopts the method of adding foreign soil and applying chemical fertilizers to improve the fields and improve the fertility of the soil. However, this field improvement method has the following technical problems:

[0003] 1. In the process of improvement, the soil is inevitably disturbed, which destroys the soil structure and accelerates the loss of organic matter in the cultivated layer, resulting in an imbalance of nutrients in the cultivated soil and unsuitable pH, restricting the normal growth of crops, reducing the quality and yield of agricultural products, and posing a serious threat to the sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0004] 2. Although the application of chemical fertilizers and conditioners can solve the problems of short-term soil acidification, reduced organic matter content, and insufficient soil fertility, long-term application can easily cause field soil degradation, affect the soil ecosystem, pollute the soil, and lead to reduced crop production capacity and quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides an ecological soil improvement method for hilly areas, which can solve the problems of soil acidification and reduced organic matter content in hilly areas, affecting the soil ecosystem, inhibiting the normal growth of crops, and reducing the quality and yield of agricultural products.

[0006] The present application provides the following technical solutions: an ecological soil improvement method for hilly areas, wherein Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings are planted on fields in spring; after the Robinia pseudoacacia leaf-falling period begins, the Robinia pseudoacacia leaves are collected and returned to the fields; after the Robinia pseudoacacia leaf-falling period ends, the Robinia pseudoacacia is removed from the fields.

[0007] Beneficial effects: Robinia pseudoacacia is a deciduous tree that grows rapidly and has luxuriant branches and leaves. Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings are planted on the fields to make them grow rapidly on the fields. Through the comprehensive effects of Robinia pseudoacacia's significant biological nitrogen fixation, the large amount of organic matter secreted by the Robinia pseudoacacia root system, and the cover of fallen leaves, the pH value of the soil is adjusted, the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms are promoted, and the soil fertility is improved. At the same time, Robinia pseudoacacia has a well-developed root system and a strong drilling ability, which can penetrate the hard soil layer and increase the air permeability and permeability of the soil. The root system of Robinia pseudoacacia during planting can also stabilize the soil and reduce soil erosion. After many experiments, the inventor found that the soil pH value that can be improved by this technical solution can increase the organic carbon content and organic matter content of the field, and can significantly improve the soil. Moreover, this technical solution can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, or even eliminate the use of chemical fertilizers (including lime, organic fertilizer, etc.), which can effectively avoid environmental pollution, improve the production capacity of crops, and ensure the quality of crops.

[0008] Furthermore, Robinia pseudoacacia saplings are planted with a ground diameter of 2-3 cm and a tree height of 1.5-2 m.

[0009] Beneficial effects: Selecting Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings with a ground diameter of 2-3 cm and a tree height of 1.5-2 meters can achieve rapid growth of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings, ensure that the seedlings have good root development, improve survival rate and early growth rate, and play its role in improving soil and ecological restoration more quickly

[0010] Furthermore, the spacing between rows of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings is 2m×3-4m, and adjacent rows of Robinia pseudoacacia are arranged alternately.

[0011] Beneficial effects: Ensure that the root system's carbon fixation capacity is fully released into the soil, ensure that each hectare of Robinia can produce 5-10 tons of dry weight of litter, and ensure the effect of soil improvement. In addition, some crops can be planted during the Robinia planting period to improve economic benefits.

[0012] Furthermore, the application standard of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves returning to the field is 4000-8000kg / hectare.

[0013] Beneficial effects: It can ensure the improvement of soil, improve the soil pH to 0.5-1, increase the organic carbon content of field surface soil (0-20cm) by about 1%-3%, and increase the organic matter content by more than 20%.

[0014] Furthermore, after collecting the fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia, the fallen leaves are crushed into debris and then returned to the field so that the fallen leaf debris evenly covers the field.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The fallen leaves are crushed into pieces and returned to the field, making it easier for the fallen leaves to decompose and rot. Compared with direct covering with fallen leaves, it also increases the permeability of the soil, which can effectively improve the soil improvement effect.

[0016] Furthermore, after returning the fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia to the field, the topsoil covered with the fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia is plowed to a depth of 10-20 cm.

[0017] Beneficial effects: Plowing the soil after returning fallen leaves to the field increases the efficiency of improving the topsoil layer with Robinia pseudoacacia leaf debris.

[0018] Furthermore, the planting time of Robinia pseudoacacia in the field is within 1 year.

[0019] Beneficial effects: As Robinia pseudoacacia has a well-developed root system, the planting time is within 1 year, which can reduce the impact on the field.

[0020] Further, lime was applied after the acacia was removed from the field.

[0021] Beneficial effects: After Robinia is removed from the field, when the soil pH is ≤5.5, the appropriate application of lime can quickly increase the soil pH and improve the optimal growth and yield of crops.

[0022] Further, organic fertilizers were applied after the Robinia trees were removed from the fields.

[0023] Beneficial effects: According to the needs of the crops planted, the corresponding organic fertilizer can be selected for reasonable application to ensure the optimal growth and yield of crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of Robinia pseudoacacia planting in Example 1 of an ecological soil improvement method for hilly areas of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic plan view of Robinia pseudoacacia planting in Example 1 of an ecological soil improvement method for hilly areas of the present invention.

[0026] The symbols in the drawings of the specification include: Robinia 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0028] Example 1

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, an ecological soil improvement method for hilly areas comprises the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Select vegetation. Test and analyze the soil of the field to be improved. When the soil pH value is <5.5 or the organic matter content is lower than 20-30g / kg, select Robinia as a planting plant and plant it in the soil of the field to be improved. Robinia selects seedlings with a ground diameter of 2-3cm and a tree height of 1.5-2m as planting plants. The ground diameter of Robinia seedlings is 2-3cm, which can effectively improve the survival rate of Robinia seedlings; the tree height of Robinia seedlings is 1.5-2m, which can achieve rapid growth of Robinia seedlings.

[0031] Step 2: Determine the planting location. The spacing between rows and plants of Robinia pseudoacacia is 2m×3-4m, with a row spacing of 3-4m and a plant spacing of 2m, to ensure that the root carbon fixation capacity is fully released into the soil and that each hectare of Robinia pseudoacacia can produce 5-10 tons of dry weight of litter. When there is a ridge on the soil of the field to be improved, Robinia pseudoacacia can be planted on the ridge and extended to the field to be improved based on the location of the ridge. The planting density is 2m×3-4m, so that the Robinia pseudoacacia can further fix the ridge and reduce soil erosion.

[0032] Step 3: Plant Robinia. Choose to plant Robinia in spring from March to April. Robinia grows vigorously from April to August, especially from June to July, when the growth rate of Robinia accelerates significantly, the branches and leaves are lush, and the leaf area increases. The specific steps of Robinia planting are as follows:

[0033] 3-1) Carry out land preparation by pit-shaped land preparation with a length of 50 cm, a width of 50 cm and a depth of 40 cm. Ensure that the length and width of the pit are larger than the root system of the Robinia pseudoacacia seedling and the depth of the pit is deeper than the root system of the Robinia pseudoacacia seedling.

[0034] 3-2) Backfill the topsoil. After digging the hole according to the specifications of step 3-1), before planting, backfill some fine topsoil around the hole to ensure that the bottom is loose to facilitate root growth.

[0035] 3-3) Planting Robinia pseudoacacia: Place the Robinia pseudoacacia seedling in the center of the hole, keep the root system stretched, cover the hole with soil, and make the stem of the seedling at least 30cm into the soil. The covering stage is carried out in layers. After filling the soil to half the depth of the hole, lift the seedling and tamp it down. Continue to cover the soil for 15cm and then irrigate it thoroughly. Straighten the seedling, and finally cover the soil to fill the hole to keep moisture and tamp it down with your feet. When planting, Robinia pseudoacacia in adjacent rows should be arranged in a staggered manner. Robinia pseudoacacia can also be planted by mounding soil.

[0036] Step 4: Collect fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia. Robinia pseudoacacia usually sheds its leaves between October and November, starting in mid-October and ending in mid-to-late November, for a period of about one month. Collect fallen Robinia pseudoacacia leaves once every 10-15 days, count their weight, use a pulverizer or leaf crusher to crush the leaves into crumbs, and proceed to step 5. Repeat the process until Robinia pseudoacacia leaves have finished shedding and all the leaves have been collected.

[0037] Step 5: Return Robinia pseudoacacia leaves to the field. The application standard of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves is 4000-8000kg / hectare. The application standard can be adjusted according to the pH value and organic matter content of the soil of the field to be improved. The higher the pH value of the soil and the lower the organic matter content, the higher the application rate of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves. At the same time, ensure that the total amount of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves can be evenly spread and completely cover the soil of the entire field to be improved.

[0038] The return of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves to the field can be carried out in multiple times according to the collection of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves in step 4. Each time, the weight of the Robinia pseudoacacia leaves counted in step 4 is used to confirm the soil range to which the leaves are applied. The crushed Robinia pseudoacacia leaves obtained in step 4 are evenly scattered on the soil in the soil range, and the soil range to which the Robinia pseudoacacia leaves have been applied is marked. The reciprocating operation is performed to evenly spread the Robinia pseudoacacia leaves and completely cover the soil of the entire field to be improved.

[0039] The topsoil covered with the crushed Robinia pseudoacacia leaves is turned over to a depth of 10-20 cm to improve the improvement efficiency of the topsoil layer with the Robinia pseudoacacia leaf debris.

[0040] Step 6: Transplant Robinia pseudoacacia. After the Robinia pseudoacacia leaves have fallen, remove it from the land to be improved to prevent excessive soil erosion by its developed root system, protect soil quality, maintain ecological balance, and improve agricultural production efficiency. The planting time of Robinia pseudoacacia in the land to be improved is less than 1 year. The removed Robinia pseudoacacia can be transplanted to the steeper slopes in the hilly areas to prevent soil erosion, reduce maintenance costs, and improve economic benefits.

[0041] Step 7: Apply lime. Test the soil improved by the above steps and apply lime according to the soil pH. When the soil pH is ≤5.5, applying lime in appropriate amounts can quickly increase the soil pH; when the soil pH is >5.5, no lime is applied. Specifically, when the pH is between 4.5-5.5, 150-200 kg of quicklime is applied per mu, and when the pH is less than 4.5, 200-250 kg of quicklime is applied per mu.

[0042] Step 8: Apply organic fertilizer. Test the soil that has been improved through the above steps, and select the corresponding organic fertilizer according to the needs of the crops planted and the soil conditions (such as the N, P, and K content in the soil) for reasonable application to ensure the optimal growth and yield of crops. When the soil is poor, or when planting high-yield crops such as vegetables that require more nutrient support, organic fertilizer should be applied when the organic matter content in the soil is less than 1.5%. If the nutrients in the soil are sufficient to meet the growth and yield needs of the crops, there is no need to apply organic fertilizer.

[0043] Experimental Example 1

[0044] A field was divided into two parts in the hilly area as an experimental area. The soil (mainly in the topsoil layer of 0-20 cm deep) was tested by a desktop acidometer PHS-320JSYQ-N196. The soil pH was 5.3. The organic matter content was 22.5 g / kg, the available phosphorus was 14.6 mg / kg, the available potassium was 142.3 mg / kg, and the alkaline nitrogen was 135.7 mg / kg. In March, the experimental area field was improved according to Example 1, and the Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were planted in the experimental area. After the Robinia pseudoacacia was completely defoliated, the Robinia pseudoacacia was transplanted to the steeper slope area around the experimental area. After the Robinia pseudoacacia was removed, the soil in the experimental area was tested. The soil pH was 6.1, the organic matter content was 35.5 g / kg, the available phosphorus was 20.6 mg / kg, the available potassium was 152.1 mg / kg, and the alkaline nitrogen was 140.5 mg / kg. It can be seen that this technical solution regulates field soil through the combined effects of Robinia pseudoacacia roots and fallen leaf cover. Without the use of lime and organic fertilizer, the pH value increased by 0.8 and the organic matter content increased by 58%, which has a significant effect on soil improvement while avoiding environmental pollution. It can effectively increase the production capacity of crops and ensure the quality of crops.

[0045] The above are only embodiments of the present invention. The invention is not limited to the field involved in this implementation case. The common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving ecological soil in hilly areas, characterized in that: Plant Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings in the fields in spring; collect the fallen leaves after the leaf fall period begins and return them to the fields; remove them from the fields after the leaf fall period ends.

2. The method for improving the ecological soil in hilly areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings are planted with a ground diameter of 2-3cm and a tree height of 1.5-2m.

3. The method for improving the ecological soil in hilly areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between rows of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings is 2m×3-4m, and adjacent rows of Robinia pseudoacacia are arranged alternately.

4. The method for improving the ecological soil in hilly areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application rate of Robinia pseudoacacia leaves is 4000-8000kg / hectare.

5. The method for improving the ecological soil in hilly areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: After collecting the fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia, they are crushed into debris and returned to the fields so that the fallen leaf debris evenly covers the fields.

6. The method for improving the ecological soil in hilly areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: After returning the fallen leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia to the field, the topsoil covered with the fallen leaves should be turned over to a depth of 10-20cm.

7. The method for improving the ecological soil in hilly areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting time of Robinia pseudoacacia in the field is within 1 year.

8. The method for improving the ecological soil in hilly areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the Robinia is removed from the field, lime is applied.

9. The method for improving the ecological soil in hilly areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Apply organic fertilizer after the Robinia is removed from the field.

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