Method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata under apple forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata under an apple forest. The method comprises the following steps: ploughing and raking a cultivation land in an open space, and furrowing; the method comprises the following steps: collecting apple branches, sugarcane branches, rice husks, straws, wheat bran and corncobs which are not mildewed, drying in the sun, crushing and mixing, adding water into the crushed mixed material, soaking, and fermenting to obtain a cultivation material; furrows are filled with the prepared cultivation materials, three layers of cultivation substrates are formed, two layers of strains are clamped between the three layers of cultivation substrates, and finally the surface of the cultivation material on the top layer is covered with a layer of soil and pine needles or straw; field management; when the stropharia rugoso-annulata grows to be 70% mature, the stropharia rugoso-annulata is harvested, and after harvesting, the culture medium is evenly scattered in the orchard to serve as organic fertilizer. According to the method, space resources of the apple orchard are fully utilized, the land utilization rate is increased, the stropharia rugoso-annulata is planted under the apple forest, the planting cost can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the fruiting rate of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is increased, mushroom residues are returned to the orchard after fruiting, soil organic matter is increased, growth and development of apples can be promoted, and forest-mushroom symbiosis is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa under an apple forest. Background Art

[0002] Stropharia is commonly known as wrinkled stropharia, kidney mushroom, and thick leg mushroom. Because of its shape similar to pine mushroom, it is also called "red pine mushroom". It is one of the more popular edible mushrooms in the international mushroom trading market. It is also a special variety recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for cultivation in developing countries. It is known as "the meat among vegetarians". Stropharia has strong resistance to adversity, simple cultivation methods, and a high success rate of cultivation. Planting Stropharia can improve the utilization rate of land, and the mushroom residue after planting can be directly returned to the field, which is beneficial to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increase soil organic matter, and has good economic, ecological and social benefits.

[0003] The apple-growing area in the country is large, and apple planting requires a certain amount of space between rows to allow for fruit bearing. Clover and ryegrass are generally planted between the rows to ensure moisture. However, clover and ryegrass have long roots and low organic matter content, which also results in insufficient utilization of the space under the forest and agricultural waste caused by annual pruning.

[0004] Therefore, we proposed a method of planting Stropharia officinalis under apple orchards. On the one hand, the forest floor is a good place for the reproduction of edible fungi. The woodland provides edible fungi with shade, oxygen, suitable temperature and humidity, soil nutrients and other conditions. The discarded branches from fruit tree pruning can be used as raw materials for edible fungi cultivation. On the other hand, the mushroom residues produced by growing edible fungi can be used as a source of fertilizer for orchards. Edible fungi utilize fruit tree waste to reduce environmental pollution. At the same time, planting edible fungi can protect the surface soil under the forest, which is conducive to conserving water and reducing problems such as soil erosion. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis under apple trees in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, which can realize a virtuous cycle of cultivating fungi with fruits and promoting fruits with fungi, and effectively improve the economic benefits of planting.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa under an apple forest, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Cultivation land treatment: plough and harrow the open space under the apple forest, make ridges with a width of 50-100cm, a height of 10-20cm, and a length of 10-20m. Sprinkle a layer of quicklime powder or spray lime water supernatant on the bottom and around the ridge to control the soil moisture content at 14%-20%;

[0008] S2: Preparation of cultivation materials: collecting non-moldy apple branches, sugarcane branches, rice husks, rice straw, wheat bran and corn cobs, drying them in the sun, crushing and mixing them, soaking the crushed mixture in water until the water content of the mixture reaches 65% and then stacking and fermenting it, and obtaining a cultivation material with a water content of 65% after fermentation;

[0009] S3: sowing, choose to sow in March-May, when the temperature reaches above 20°C, fill the cultivation material prepared in step S2 into the furrow, fill the bottom layer with a thickness of 15 cm, and place the bacterial strains on the bottom layer of cultivation material, with a spacing of 10 cm between the bacterial strains, cover it with a 5 cm thick cultivation material again, place the bacterial strains again, and pile up the top layer of cultivation material, which is piled up in the shape of a mountain range along the length direction of the furrow, and finally cover the surface of the top layer of cultivation material with a layer of soil with a thickness of 1-2 cm, and spread pine needles or straw with a thickness of 2-3 cm on the soil;

[0010] S4: Field management: In the mycelium stage, shade the cultivation through the shade net, control the temperature of the pile at 23-27℃, and keep the mushroom bed moist; in the fruiting stage, keep the pine needles or straw and the soil layer moist, control the relative humidity of the bed surface at 80%-90%, and the temperature at 15-25℃;

[0011] S5: Harvesting: harvesting the Stropharia officinalis when it grows to 70% maturity. After harvesting, spread the cultivation substrate evenly in the orchard as organic fertilizer for the orchard.

[0012] Preferably, the stacking fermentation in step S2 is as follows: when the temperature of the pile exceeds 60°C for one hour, the timing is started, and after 24-48 hours, the bottom pile and the top pile are turned over, and the surface of the pile is turned 10-20 cm toward the middle; when the temperature of the pile exceeds 60°C for one hour again, the bottom pile and the top pile are turned over, and the surface of the pile is turned 10-20 cm toward the middle, and this is repeated 2-3 times to complete the stacking fermentation.

[0013] Preferably, in step S4, water is sprayed to enhance moisture retention during the mushroom production stage. The spraying time is before 11 a.m. or after 4 p.m., and more spray is applied around the mushroom bed and less spray is applied in the middle. Light and frequent spraying is preferred.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention fully utilizes the space resources of the apple orchard, improves the land utilization rate, and plants the Stropharia capillaris under the apple orchard, which can effectively reduce the planting cost, while increasing the fruiting rate of the Stropharia capillaris, and returning the mushroom residue to the orchard after fruiting, thereby increasing soil organic matter, improving the soil physical and chemical form, and promoting the growth and development of apples, thereby realizing forest-fungus symbiosis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0016] Example

[0017] The method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa under an apple forest provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1: Cultivation land treatment: plough and harrow the open space under the apple forest, make ridges with a width of 50-100cm, a height of 10-20cm, and a length of 10-20m. Sprinkle a layer of quicklime powder or spray lime water supernatant on the bottom and around the ridge to control the soil moisture content at 14%-20%;

[0019] S2: Preparation of cultivation materials, collecting non-moldy apple branches, sugarcane branches, rice husks, straw, wheat bran and corn cobs, drying them in the sun, crushing and mixing them, soaking the crushed mixture in water until the water content of the mixture reaches 65% and starting to pile up and ferment. When the temperature of the pile exceeds 60°C for one hour, start timing. After 24-48 hours, turn the bottom pile and the top pile, and turn the surface of the pile 10-20 cm toward the middle; when the temperature of the pile exceeds 60°C for one hour again, turn the bottom pile and the top pile, and turn the surface of the pile 10-20 cm toward the middle. Repeat this process 2-3 times to complete the pile fermentation and obtain a cultivation material with a water content of 65%;

[0020] S3: sowing, choose to sow in March-May, when the temperature reaches above 20°C, fill the cultivation material prepared in step S2 into the furrow, fill the bottom layer with a thickness of 15 cm, and place the bacterial strains on the bottom layer of cultivation material, with a spacing of 10 cm between the bacterial strains, cover it with a 5 cm thick cultivation material again, place the bacterial strains again, and pile up the top layer of cultivation material, which is piled up in the shape of a mountain range along the length direction of the furrow, and finally cover the surface of the top layer of cultivation material with a layer of soil with a thickness of 1-2 cm, and spread pine needles or straw with a thickness of 2-3 cm on the soil;

[0021] S4: Field management: In the mycelium stage, shade the cultivation through the shade net, control the temperature of the pile at 23-27℃, and keep the mushroom bed moist; in the fruiting stage, keep the pine needles or straw and the soil layer moist, mainly spray water lightly and frequently, the spraying time is generally before 11 am or after 4 pm, spray more around the mushroom bed and less in the middle of the mushroom bed; the relative humidity of the bed surface is controlled at 80%-90%, and the temperature is controlled at 15-25℃;

[0022] S5: Harvesting: harvesting the Stropharia officinalis when it grows to 70% maturity. After harvesting, spread the cultivation substrate evenly in the orchard as organic fertilizer for the orchard.

[0023] The above description is only a preferred implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification and replacement based on the technical solution and inventive concept provided by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa under an apple forest, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Cultivation land treatment: plough and harrow the open space under the apple forest, make ridges with a width of 50-100cm, a height of 10-20cm, and a length of 10-20m. Sprinkle a layer of quicklime powder or spray lime water supernatant on the bottom and around the ridge to control the soil moisture content at 14%-20%; S2: Preparation of cultivation materials: collecting non-moldy apple branches, sugarcane branches, rice husks, rice straw, wheat bran and corn cobs, drying them in the sun, crushing and mixing them, soaking the crushed mixture in water until the water content of the mixture reaches 65% and then stacking and fermenting it, and obtaining a cultivation material with a water content of 65% after fermentation; S3: sowing, choose to sow in March-May, when the temperature reaches above 20°C, fill the cultivation material prepared in step S2 into the furrow, fill the bottom layer with a thickness of 15 cm, and place the bacterial strains on the bottom layer of cultivation material, with a spacing of 10 cm between the bacterial strains, cover it with a 5 cm thick cultivation material again, place the bacterial strains again, and pile up the top layer of cultivation material, which is piled up in the shape of a mountain range along the length direction of the furrow, and finally cover the surface of the top layer of cultivation material with a layer of soil with a thickness of 1-2 cm, and spread pine needles or straw with a thickness of 2-3 cm on the soil; S4: Field management: In the mycelium stage, shade the cultivation through the shade net, control the temperature of the pile at 23-27℃, and keep the mushroom bed moist; in the fruiting stage, keep the pine needles or straw and the soil layer moist, control the relative humidity of the bed surface at 80%-90%, and the temperature at 15-25℃; S5: Harvesting: harvesting the Stropharia officinalis when it grows to 70% maturity. After harvesting, spread the cultivation substrate evenly in the orchard as organic fertilizer for the orchard.

2. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa under an apple forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stacking fermentation in step S2 is as follows: when the temperature of the pile exceeds 60°C for one hour, the timing starts, and after 24-48 hours, the bottom pile and the top pile are turned over, and the surface of the pile is turned 10-20 cm toward the middle; when the temperature of the pile exceeds 60°C for one hour again, the bottom pile and the top pile are turned over, and the surface of the pile is turned 10-20 cm toward the middle, and this is repeated 2-3 times to complete the stacking fermentation.

3. The method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa under an apple forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, water is sprayed to enhance moisture retention during the mushroom production stage. The spraying time is before 11 a.m. or after 4 p.m., and more spray is applied around the mushroom bed and less spray is applied in the middle. Light and frequent spraying is the main method.