Manufacturing method of energy-saving and environment-friendly brick carving

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials and environmental protection, in particular to an energy-saving and environment-friendly brick sculpture manufacturing method which comprises the specific steps that S100, crop waste including but not limited to rice husks and straw is selected as raw materials, and cleaning and drying treatment is conducted to remove impurities and excessive water; s200, a biodegradation technology is adopted, specific microorganisms are used for conducting degradation treatment on the raw materials, the molecular weight and crystallinity of the raw materials are reduced, and the combining capacity of the raw materials and traditional brick carving raw materials is improved; by selecting crop waste as the raw material, resource utilization of the waste is achieved, the problem of environmental pollution caused by the agricultural waste is remarkably reduced, meanwhile, raw material resources needed by traditional brick carving manufacturing are saved, the raw materials are treated through the biodegradation technology, the molecular weight and crystallinity of the raw materials are reduced, and the utilization rate of the raw materials is increased. The bonding capacity with the traditional brick carving raw material is improved, and the biodegradability of the product is also improved, so that the final product can be decomposed by the natural environment more easily after being discarded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building materials and environmental protection, and in particular to a method for making energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carvings. Background Art

[0002] In the field of building materials, brick carving, as a traditional building material with artistic value and practical functions, has always been favored by the market. However, the production process of traditional brick carving mostly uses non-renewable natural resources, such as clay and pottery. The mining and use of these resources not only aggravates the consumption of natural resources, but also brings environmental damage and ecological pressure. In addition, the firing process of traditional brick carving often consumes a lot of energy, emits a lot of greenhouse gases and pollutants, and has adverse effects on the environment.

[0003] At the same time, with the continuous development of agricultural production, a large amount of crop waste such as rice husks and straw is generated and discarded. If these wastes cannot be effectively utilized, they will not only occupy precious land resources, but also become the source of environmental pollution. Although some technologies have been tried to convert these crop wastes into building materials, there are often problems such as low conversion efficiency, unstable product quality, and poor integration with traditional building materials, which limits their application in high-end building materials such as brick carvings.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology has obvious shortcomings in utilizing crop waste to make building materials, especially high-end building materials such as brick carvings. There is an urgent need for an efficient and environmentally friendly production method that can fully utilize crop waste resources and reduce environmental pollution, while improving product quality and performance to meet market demand. Against this background, the present invention proposes a method for producing energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carvings. Summary of the invention

[0005] Technical issues solved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for producing energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carvings. By selecting crop waste as raw materials, the resource utilization of waste is realized, the environmental pollution problem of agricultural waste is significantly reduced, and the raw material resources required for traditional brick carving production are saved. The raw materials are treated with biodegradation technology, which not only reduces their molecular weight and crystallinity, improves their ability to combine with traditional brick carving raw materials, but also improves the biodegradability of the product, so that the final product can be more easily decomposed by the natural environment after being discarded, further reducing the long-term burden on the environment.

[0007] Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for making energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carvings, the specific steps of the method are:

[0010] S100, selecting crop waste including but not limited to rice husks and straw as raw materials, and washing and drying them to remove impurities and excess water;

[0011] S200, using biodegradation technology, uses specific microorganisms to degrade the raw materials, reducing their molecular weight and crystallinity, and improving their ability to combine with traditional brick carving raw materials;

[0012] S300, the degraded raw materials are crushed to produce fibrous or powdered bio-based materials, which are then modified to enhance their strength and stability;

[0013] S400, mixing the pretreated bio-based materials with traditional brick carving raw materials (such as clay, clay) in a certain proportion (10%-30%), and optimizing the physical properties and biodegradability of the brick carving by adjusting the proportion;

[0014] S500, putting the mixed raw materials into a mold, forming a brick sculpture shape through a molding process of pressing and grouting, sending the formed brick sculpture into a kiln for firing, controlling the firing temperature and time, so that the brick sculpture reaches a predetermined strength and hardness;

[0015] S600, grinding and polishing the fired brick carvings to improve their beauty and durability.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific steps of S100 are:

[0017] S101, Raw material collection and screening: Collect rice husks and straw from farmland or related agricultural processing sites. The collected raw materials need to be screened to remove large impurities and parts that are not suitable for brick carving;

[0018] S102, cleaning: the screened raw materials need to be cleaned to remove dust, sand and pesticide residues attached to the surface. The cleaning can be done by water washing, specifically: the raw materials are soaked and stirred in clean water to allow the pollutants to flow away with the water. In order to improve the cleaning efficiency, mechanical stirring or spraying equipment can be used. The cleaned raw materials should be drained of water and prepared for the next step of processing;

[0019] S103, drying treatment: The raw materials after washing contain high moisture content, which is not conducive to subsequent processing and use. Therefore, drying treatment is required to remove excess moisture. Drying is carried out by natural air drying or mechanical drying. The natural air drying takes a long time and is greatly affected by weather conditions. The mechanical drying uses hot air and infrared heat sources to quickly reduce the moisture content in the raw materials. The temperature and time should be controlled during the drying process to avoid overheating of the raw materials and damage to their structure or production of harmful substances.

[0020] Furthermore, the S100 specific step also includes S104 quality inspection: the raw materials after cleaning and drying should be subjected to quality inspection to ensure that they meet the requirements of subsequent processing. The inspection content includes moisture content, impurity content and color uniformity. Raw materials that do not meet the requirements should be reprocessed or eliminated.

[0021] Furthermore, the specific steps of S200 are:

[0022] S201, selection of inoculated microorganisms: selecting specific microbial flora suitable for crop waste degradation, including but not limited to lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria, which can effectively decompose lignin and cellulose components in the raw materials;

[0023] S202, setting of degradation conditions: control the temperature of the degradation environment within the optimal range for microbial growth and degradation activity, wherein the optimal temperature range for lignin and cellulose degrading bacteria is between 25°C and 40°C; maintain a moderate moisture content in the raw materials to facilitate the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the moisture content should be controlled between 50% and 70%; adjust the pH value of the degradation system to the optimal range for microbial growth, wherein lignin and cellulose degrading bacteria are more active under slightly acidic to neutral conditions.

[0024] S203, ventilation and stirring: regular ventilation to provide oxygen required for microbial growth, and proper stirring to promote full contact between microorganisms and raw materials to improve degradation efficiency;

[0025] S204, degradation process: the crop waste raw materials after screening, washing and drying are placed in a degradation container, the selected microbial flora is inoculated into the raw materials according to the set inoculation ratio, and the raw materials are fully mixed. Under the set degradation conditions, the raw materials are subjected to biodegradation treatment for a certain period of time. During this period, the degradation effect needs to be monitored regularly, and the degradation conditions are adjusted as needed. When the raw materials reach the expected degradation degree, that is, the molecular weight and crystallinity are significantly reduced, and the bonding ability with the traditional brick carving raw materials is improved, the degradation treatment is stopped.

[0026] Furthermore, the specific steps of S300 are:

[0027] S301, crushing: crush the biodegradable crop waste materials. The purpose of this step is to refine the raw materials so that they can be better mixed with traditional brick carving materials and improve their uniformity during the molding process.

[0028] The crushing equipment uses a hammer mill, ball mill or cutting mill. The crushing particle size should be controlled during the crushing process to ensure that the raw materials are refined into fibers or powders for subsequent mixing and molding;

[0029] S302, screening and grading: The crushed raw materials need to be screened to remove particles that do not meet the particle size requirements and to grade the raw materials. Screening can be performed according to a predetermined particle size standard to separate particles that are too large or too small to ensure the uniformity of subsequent mixing and molding quality;

[0030] S303, modification treatment: modifying the fibrous or powdered bio-based materials after screening to enhance their strength and stability, wherein the modification treatment includes but is not limited to physical modification, chemical modification or a combination of the two, specifically improving the physical and mechanical properties of the bio-based materials by adding appropriate adhesives, reinforcing agents or performing heat treatment.

[0031] Furthermore, the specific steps of S300 also include S303 quality control and testing: after the modification process is completed, the modified bio-based materials are subjected to quality control and testing, and the testing contents include but are not limited to particle size distribution, strength, stability and water content, to ensure that the modified bio-based materials meet the requirements of subsequent mixing and molding, and the bio-based materials that do not meet the quality requirements are reprocessed or eliminated.

[0032] Furthermore, the specific content of S400 is: the fibrous or powdered bio-based material treated in step S300 is ensured to have been modified to enhance strength and stability, traditional brick carving raw materials such as clay, etc. are prepared, and their quality and applicability are checked, and the mixing ratio of bio-based materials and traditional brick carving raw materials is determined according to the design requirements and the expected performance of the brick carving, and the addition ratio of bio-based materials is between 10% and 30%, and the prepared bio-based materials and traditional brick carving raw materials are put into a mixer, and the mixer is turned on for sufficient mixing. During the mixing process, it is necessary to ensure that the two materials are evenly distributed without obvious caking or separation.

[0033] Furthermore, the specific steps of S500 are:

[0034] S501, mold preparation: prepare the corresponding mold according to the required brick carving shape and size. The mold should have sufficient strength and precision to ensure that the molded brick carving has an accurate shape and a smooth surface;

[0035] S502, raw material filling and pressing: fill the mixed raw materials into the mold to ensure that the raw materials are evenly distributed without bubbles and gaps. Use pressing equipment to press the raw materials in the mold to make them tightly combined and initially formed into the required brick carving shape. The size and uniformity of the pressure should be controlled during the pressing process to avoid damage to the raw materials or deformation of the shape;

[0036] S503, grouting: on the basis of pressing and molding, grouting is performed, wherein grouting is to inject specific mud or slurry into the gap of the mold to fill the tiny gaps that may be generated during the pressing process and further enhance the density and strength of the brick carving. During grouting, attention should be paid to controlling the fluidity and injection amount of the slurry to ensure uniform and sufficient grouting;

[0037] S504, demoulding and trimming: after the brick sculpture after grouting is naturally dried or slightly solidified in the mold, it is removed from the mold. After demoulding, the brick sculpture is preliminarily trimmed to remove excess burrs and uneven parts to make its shape more regular and beautiful;

[0038] S505, kiln firing: The trimmed brick carvings are sent into the kiln for firing. Firing is a key step to make the brick carvings reach the predetermined strength and hardness. During the firing process, the temperature and time of the kiln need to be controlled to ensure that the brick carvings can be evenly heated and fully sintered. Generally speaking, the firing temperature needs to reach a relatively high level (such as hundreds of degrees Celsius to thousands of degrees Celsius) and be maintained for a certain time (such as several hours to dozens of hours). The specific parameters need to be adjusted according to factors such as the material and thickness of the brick carvings.

[0039] Furthermore, the S500 also includes allowing the brick carving to cool naturally to room temperature in the kiln after firing is completed. After cooling, the brick carving is subjected to quality inspection, including but not limited to checking whether its appearance is intact, whether there are cracks or deformations, and measuring whether its strength and hardness performance indicators meet the requirements. Unqualified brick carvings need to be reworked or eliminated.

[0040] Beneficial Effects

[0041] Compared with the known public technology, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0042] Beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. The present invention uses crop waste (such as rice husks, straw, etc.) as raw materials, effectively solving the problem of accumulation of these wastes in farmland or related agricultural processing sites, avoiding environmental pollution such as soil pollution and water pollution. Crop waste, which was originally regarded as useless garbage, is converted into valuable building materials through this method, realizing the recycling of resources and saving natural resources, such as the mining volume of traditional brick carving raw materials such as clay and clay. Compared with the carbon emissions that may be generated in the traditional brick carving production process, this method reduces the dependence on fossil fuels through biodegradation technology, reduces the carbon emissions in the production process, and helps to cope with global climate change.

[0044] 2. The present invention reduces the molecular weight and crystallinity of the raw materials through biodegradation technology, and then through crushing and modification treatment, significantly improves the strength and stability of bio-based materials, making them more capable of combining with traditional brick carving raw materials, thereby improving the physical properties and durability of the final product. Crop waste is a wide source of raw materials with low cost. Compared with traditional brick carving raw materials, its cost is significantly reduced. At the same time, the application of biodegradation technology also reduces energy consumption and material consumption in subsequent processing, further reducing production costs. Since the brick carvings produced by this method not only have environmental protection characteristics, but also have advantages in performance and cost, they can enhance the market competitiveness of the products, meet the market demand for green building materials, and open up a broader market space. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the present invention is described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0047] A method for making energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carvings, the specific steps of the method are:

[0048] S100, selecting crop waste including but not limited to rice husks and straw as raw materials, and washing and drying them to remove impurities and excess water;

[0049] S200, using biodegradation technology, uses specific microorganisms to degrade the raw materials, reducing their molecular weight and crystallinity, and improving their ability to combine with traditional brick carving raw materials;

[0050] S300, the degraded raw materials are crushed to produce fibrous or powdered bio-based materials, which are then modified to enhance their strength and stability;

[0051] S400, mixing the pretreated bio-based materials with traditional brick carving raw materials (such as clay, clay) in a certain proportion (10%-30%), and optimizing the physical properties and biodegradability of the brick carving by adjusting the proportion;

[0052] S500, putting the mixed raw materials into a mold, forming a brick sculpture shape through a molding process of pressing and grouting, sending the formed brick sculpture into a kiln for firing, controlling the firing temperature and time, so that the brick sculpture reaches a predetermined strength and hardness;

[0053] S600, grinding and polishing the fired brick carvings to improve their beauty and durability.

[0054] Example: Production of energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carvings

[0055] Step 1, raw material preparation: collect rice husks and straw from farmland, remove large impurities and parts that are not suitable for brick carving through preliminary screening, soak and stir the screened raw materials in clean water to remove surface dust, sand and pesticide residues, then drain the water, use mechanical drying to quickly reduce the moisture content in the raw materials through hot air and infrared heat sources, control the drying temperature to 60°C, and the drying time to 4 hours. Test the moisture content, impurity content and color uniformity of the raw materials after drying to ensure that they meet the quality requirements;

[0056] Step 2, biodegradation treatment: select lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria as inoculated microorganisms, control the degradation environment temperature to 30°C, keep the moisture content of the raw materials at 60%, adjust the pH value to 6.5, ventilate regularly and stir appropriately to ensure that the microorganisms are in full contact with the raw materials, inoculate the microorganisms into the raw materials, mix them evenly, and carry out a 7-day degradation treatment under the set conditions, during which the degradation effect is regularly monitored;

[0057] Step 3: Crushing and modification: Use a hammer mill to crush the degraded raw materials into fibers or powders, control the particle size between 0.5-1mm, remove particles that do not meet the particle size requirements through screening, and classify the raw materials. Add appropriate amounts of adhesives and reinforcing agents, and perform heat treatment to enhance the strength and stability of the bio-based materials. Test the particle size distribution, strength, stability and water content of the modified bio-based materials to ensure that they meet the quality requirements;

[0058] Step 4: Mixing and molding: Mix the modified bio-based material (addition ratio is 20%) with traditional brick carving raw materials (such as clay) evenly, prepare a mold according to the required brick carving shape, fill and press the mixed raw materials into shape, inject mud to fill small gaps to further enhance the density and strength, demold after natural drying, trim and remove excess parts, control the kiln temperature to 1000℃, fire for 12 hours, then cool naturally to room temperature, check the appearance, cracks, deformation of the brick carving, and measure the strength and hardness.

[0059] Comparison: Traditional brick carving

[0060] Step 1, raw material preparation: using traditional clay as raw material, no need for cleaning, drying and biodegradation treatment;

[0061] Step 2, mixing and molding: directly use clay for mixing, prepare and press the mold in the same way as in the embodiment, perform grouting molding in the same way as in the embodiment, and perform demoulding and trimming in the same way as in the embodiment;

[0062] Step 3, kiln firing: control the kiln temperature to 1000°C, the firing time is 12 hours, and then naturally cool to room temperature;

[0063] Step 4: Quality inspection: Check the appearance, cracks, deformation of the brick carving, and measure the strength and hardness.

[0064] The effects of the embodiments and the comparative examples are compared, and the comparison results are shown in the following table:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] The embodiment uses crop waste as raw materials, which significantly improves resource utilization, reduces production costs, and has good biodegradability, effectively reducing pollution to the environment. At the same time, the strength, hardness and appearance of the product meet or exceed the standards of traditional brick carvings and have high market competitiveness. In contrast, the traditional brick carving production method used in the comparison example has obvious deficiencies in environmental protection, resource consumption and production costs.

[0068] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for making energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carvings, characterized in that: The specific steps of the production method are: S100, selecting crop waste including but not limited to rice husks and straw as raw materials, and washing and drying them to remove impurities and excess water; S200, using biodegradation technology, uses specific microorganisms to degrade the raw materials, reducing their molecular weight and crystallinity, and improving their ability to combine with traditional brick carving raw materials; S300, the degraded raw materials are crushed to produce fibrous or powdered bio-based materials, which are then modified to enhance their strength and stability; S400, the pre-treated bio-based materials are mixed evenly with traditional brick carving raw materials in a certain proportion; S500, putting the mixed raw materials into a mold, forming a brick sculpture shape through a molding process of pressing and grouting, sending the formed brick sculpture into a kiln for firing, controlling the firing temperature and time, so that the brick sculpture reaches a predetermined strength and hardness; S600, grinding and polishing the surface of fired brick carvings.

2. The method for making an energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carving according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S100 are: S101, Raw material collection and screening: Collect rice husks and straw from farmland or related agricultural processing sites. The collected raw materials need to be screened to remove large impurities and parts that are not suitable for brick carving; S102, cleaning: the screened raw materials need to be cleaned to remove dust, sand and pesticide residues attached to the surface. The cleaning can be done by water washing, specifically: soaking and stirring the raw materials in clean water to allow the pollutants to flow away with the water. The cleaned raw materials should be drained of water; S103, drying treatment: Drying is carried out by natural air drying or mechanical drying. The natural air drying takes a long time and is greatly affected by weather conditions. The mechanical drying uses hot air and infrared heat sources to quickly reduce the moisture content in the raw materials. The temperature and time should be controlled during the drying process.

3. The method for making an energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carving according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of S100 also include S104 quality inspection: the raw materials after cleaning and drying are inspected for moisture content, impurity content and color uniformity. Raw materials that do not meet the requirements should be reprocessed or eliminated.

4. The method for making an energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carving according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S200 are: S201, selection of inoculated microorganisms: selecting specific microbial flora suitable for crop waste degradation, including but not limited to lignin-degrading bacteria and cellulose-degrading bacteria, which can effectively decompose lignin and cellulose components in the raw materials; S202, setting of degradation conditions: control the temperature of the degradation environment within the optimum range for microbial growth and degradation activity, wherein the optimum temperature range for lignin and cellulose degrading bacteria is between 25°C and 40°C; maintain a moderate moisture content for the raw materials, which should be controlled between 50% and 70%; adjust the pH value of the degradation system to the optimum range for microbial growth, wherein lignin and cellulose degrading bacteria are more active under slightly acidic to neutral conditions. S203, Ventilation and Agitation: Regular ventilation to provide oxygen required for microbial growth, and appropriate agitation to promote adequate contact between microorganisms and raw materials; S204, degradation process: the crop waste raw materials after screening, washing and drying are placed in a degradation container, the selected microbial flora is inoculated into the raw materials according to the set inoculation ratio, and the raw materials are fully mixed. Under the set degradation conditions, the raw materials are subjected to biodegradation treatment for a certain period of time. During this period, the degradation effect needs to be monitored regularly, and the degradation conditions are adjusted as needed. When the raw materials reach the expected degradation degree, that is, the molecular weight and crystallinity are significantly reduced, and the bonding ability with the traditional brick carving raw materials is improved, the degradation treatment is stopped.

5. The method for making an energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carving according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S300 are: S301, pulverizing: pulverizing the crop waste raw materials after biodegradation treatment, using a hammer mill, a ball mill or a cutting mill as the pulverizing equipment, and controlling the pulverizing particle size during the pulverizing process; S302, screening and grading: the crushed raw materials need to be screened to remove particles that do not meet the particle size requirements and to grade the raw materials. Screening can be performed according to a predetermined particle size standard to separate particles that are too large or too small; S303, modification treatment: modifying the fibrous or powdered bio-based materials after screening to enhance their strength and stability, wherein the modification treatment includes but is not limited to physical modification, chemical modification or a combination of the two, specifically improving the physical and mechanical properties of the bio-based materials by adding appropriate adhesives, reinforcing agents or performing heat treatment.

6. The method for making an energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carving according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The specific steps of S300 also include S303 quality control and testing: after the modification is completed, the modified bio-based materials are subjected to quality control and testing, and the testing contents include but are not limited to particle size distribution, strength, stability and water content. Bio-based materials that do not meet the quality requirements are reprocessed or eliminated.

7. The method for making an energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carving according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific content of S400 is: prepare the fibrous or powdered bio-based materials after the treatment in step S300, and ensure that they have been modified to enhance strength and stability, prepare traditional brick carving raw materials, such as clay, etc., and check their quality and applicability, the addition ratio of bio-based materials is between 10% and 30%, put the prepared bio-based materials and traditional brick carving raw materials into a mixer, and start the mixer for sufficient mixing.

8. The method for making an energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carving according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S500 are: S501, mold preparation: prepare corresponding molds according to the required brick carving shape and size; S502, raw material filling and pressing: filling the uniformly mixed raw materials into the mold, using a pressing device to press the raw materials in the mold so that they are tightly combined and preliminarily formed into the desired brick carving shape; S503, grouting molding: on the basis of pressing molding, grouting operation is performed, wherein grouting is to inject specific mud or slurry into the gap of the mold to fill the tiny gaps that may be generated during the pressing process and further enhance the density and strength of the brick carving; S504, demoulding and trimming: after the brick sculpture after grouting is naturally dried or slightly solidified in the mold, it is removed from the mold. After demoulding, the brick sculpture is preliminarily trimmed to remove excess burrs and uneven parts; S505, kiln firing: The trimmed brick carvings are sent into the kiln for firing. During the firing process, the temperature and time of the kiln need to be controlled to ensure that the brick carvings can be evenly heated and fully sintered.

9. The method for making an energy-saving and environmentally friendly brick carving according to claim 8, characterized in that: The S500 also includes allowing the brick carving to cool naturally to room temperature in the kiln after firing. After cooling, the brick carving is subjected to quality inspection, including but not limited to checking whether its appearance is complete, whether there are cracks or deformations, and measuring whether its strength and hardness performance indicators meet the requirements. Unqualified brick carvings need to be reworked or eliminated.

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