High-reaction-pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of combustion agents and preparation processes thereof, in particular to a high-reaction-pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition and a preparation process thereof.The high-reaction-pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition is prepared from metal powder, metal fluoride, a gas generating agent and a binder; porous silicon powder is adopted as the metal powder, one or more of ferric fluoride and copper fluoride is adopted as the metal fluoride, ammonium perchlorate is adopted as the gas generating agent, and one or more of epoxy resin and polyether amine is adopted as the binder. When the high-reaction-pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition is prepared, silicon is used for replacing aluminum to serve as combustible metal, fluoride is used for replacing oxide, the boiling point of a reaction product is remarkably reduced and is far lower than that of aluminum oxide, and due to the fact that the boiling point of the reaction product is reduced, slag of the product is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of combustion agent and preparation process thereof, in particular to a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent and a preparation process thereof. Background Art

[0002] Pyrotechnic cutting technology is a technology that uses a high-temperature, high-speed molten metal jet generated by the combustion of a high-heat combustion agent to cut metal materials. It can be used for emergency rescue, especially in disasters such as earthquakes and landslides. It has the advantages of small size, low price and wide application range.

[0003] At present, the composition formula of pyrotechnic powder used in pyrotechnic cutting devices mainly consists of oxidant, combustible metal, gas generating agent and binder. Oxidant generally uses metal oxide, such as iron oxide, copper oxide, etc., and combustible metal generally uses aluminum. In terms of preparation technology, it is mostly prepared by molding process.

[0004] Domestic reports on high-heat agent cutting technology (pyrotechnic cutting technology) summarize that the existing agent combustion products have high melting and boiling points, resulting in more slag after combustion, which is not conducive to cutting. In addition, there is also the problem of poor agent molding process and inconvenience in pressing and molding. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent and a preparation process thereof, which overcomes the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and can effectively solve the problem that the combustion products of the high heat combustion agent have high melting and boiling points, resulting in more slag after combustion.

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is achieved through the following measures: a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent, the raw materials include 30% to 50% of metal powder, 30% to 50% of metal fluoride, 5% to 10% of gas generating agent, and the balance is a binder; the metal powder is porous silicon powder, the metal fluoride is one or more of ferric fluoride and copper fluoride, the gas generating agent is ammonium perchlorate, and the binder is one or more of epoxy resin and polyether amine.

[0007] The following is a further optimization and / or improvement of one of the above-mentioned technical solutions: The particle size of the porous silicon powder is 0.1 micron to 10 microns.

[0008] The particle size of the metal fluoride is 5 microns to 50 microns.

[0009] The particle size of the gas generating agent is 100 microns to 200 microns.

[0010] The above-mentioned high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent is prepared according to the following preparation process: Step 1: Heat the required amount of epoxy resin; Step 2: uniformly mixing the required amount of porous silicon powder, ferric fluoride, copper fluoride and ammonium perchlorate to obtain a composite material; Step 3: Add the composite material in step 2 to the epoxy resin in step 1, stir and mix evenly, then add the required amount of polyetheramine, stir evenly, so that the composite material is evenly dispersed in the resin matrix to obtain a slurry; Step 4: subjecting the slurry obtained in step 3 to vacuum degassing treatment, and then casting and demolding to obtain a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent.

[0011] The second technical solution of the present invention is achieved by the following measures: A preparation process of a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent is carried out according to the following preparation process: Step 1: Heat the required amount of epoxy resin; Step 2: uniformly mixing the required amount of porous silicon powder, ferric fluoride, copper fluoride and ammonium perchlorate to obtain a composite material; Step 3: Add the composite material in step 2 to the epoxy resin in step 1, stir and mix evenly, then add the required amount of polyetheramine, stir evenly, so that the composite material is evenly dispersed in the resin matrix to obtain a slurry; Step 4: subjecting the slurry obtained in step 3 to vacuum degassing treatment, and then casting and demolding to obtain a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent.

[0012] When preparing high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agents, the present invention uses silicon instead of aluminum as the combustible metal, and fluorides replace oxides, so that the melting and boiling points of the reaction products (silicon fluoride boiling point: -86°C) are significantly reduced, which is much lower than the boiling point of aluminum oxide (aluminum oxide boiling point: 2980°C). Due to the reduction in the boiling point of the reaction products, the slag of the products is significantly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Attached Figure 1 The cutting test results of the high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition prepared in Example 1 are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention is not limited by the following embodiments, and the specific implementation method can be determined according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the actual situation. Unless otherwise specified, the various chemical reagents and chemicals mentioned in the present invention are all known and commonly used chemical reagents and chemicals in the prior art; unless otherwise specified, the percentages in the present invention are all mass percentages; the normal temperature and room temperature in the present invention generally refer to the temperature of 15°C to 25°C, and are generally defined as 25°C.

[0015] The names, purity and manufacturers of the raw materials used in the following examples are as follows: Porous silicon powder analytical pure Beijing Xingrongyuan Technology Co., Ltd. Ferric fluoride analytical grade Shanghai Yunfu Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. Copper fluoride analytical grade Shanghai Yunfu Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. Ammonium Perchlorate Analytical Pure Xi'an Anhui Chemical Co., Ltd. Epoxy resin / polyetheramine chemically pure Wuhan Lanabai Pharmaceutical Chemical Co., Ltd. The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments: Embodiment 1: A high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent is composed of a main material and a binder, wherein the main material includes: 40g of silicon powder, 30g of ferric fluoride, 20g of copper fluoride, 10g of ammonium perchlorate; 15g of the binder, and the binder is: 75% of epoxy resin and 25% of polyetheramine.

[0016] The preparation process is as follows: Step 1: Weigh 11.25 g of epoxy resin into a beaker, place it in a drying oven, and heat it to 60°C to increase the fluidity of the epoxy resin; Step 2: Use a V-type mixer to mix 40 g of silicon powder, 30 g of ferric fluoride, 20 g of copper fluoride, and 10 g of ammonium perchlorate at a mixing speed of 80 r / min for 6 h to obtain a composite material; Step 3: Add the composite material in step 2 to the epoxy resin in step 1, stir and mix evenly, then add polyetheramine (curing agent), stir evenly, so that the composite material is evenly dispersed in the resin matrix to obtain slurry; Step 4: Place the slurry obtained in step 3 into a vacuum drying oven for degassing, then cast the resin into a mold preheated to 80°C for solidification, then cool to 60°C, and demold to obtain a high-reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent.

[0017] Embodiment 2: A high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent is composed of a main material and a binder, wherein the main material includes: 40g of silicon powder, 30g of ferric fluoride, 20g of copper fluoride, 10g of ammonium perchlorate; 20g of the binder, and the percentage of each component in the binder is: 75% of epoxy resin and 25% of polyetheramine (curing agent).

[0018] The preparation process is as follows: Step 1: Weigh 15 g of epoxy resin into a beaker, place it in a drying oven, and heat it to 60°C to increase the fluidity of the epoxy resin; Step 2: Use a V-type mixer to mix 40 g of silicon powder, 30 g of ferric fluoride, 20 g of copper fluoride, and 10 g of ammonium perchlorate at a mixing speed of 80 r / min for 6 h to obtain a composite material; Step 3: Add the composite material in step 2 to the epoxy resin in step 1, stir and mix evenly, then add polyetheramine, stir evenly, so that the composite material is evenly dispersed in the resin matrix to obtain slurry; Step 4: Place the slurry obtained in step 3 into a vacuum drying oven for degassing, then cast the resin into a mold preheated to 100°C for solidification, then cool to 60°C, and demold to obtain a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent.

[0019] Embodiment 3: A high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent is composed of a main material and a binder, wherein the main material includes: 45g of silicon powder, 25g of ferric fluoride, 22g of copper fluoride, 8g of ammonium perchlorate; 20g of the binder, and the percentages of the components in the binder are: 75% of epoxy resin and 25% of polyetheramine curing agent.

[0020] The preparation process is as follows: Step 1: Weigh 15 g of epoxy resin into a beaker, place it in a drying oven, and heat it to 60°C to increase the fluidity of the epoxy resin; Step 2: Use a V-type mixer to mix 45 g of silicon powder, 25 g of ferric fluoride, 22 g of copper fluoride, and 8 g of ammonium perchlorate at a mixing speed of 80 r / min for 6 h to obtain a composite material; Step 3: Add the composite material in step 2 to the epoxy resin in step 1, stir and mix evenly, then add the polyetheramine curing agent, stir evenly, so that the composite material is evenly dispersed in the resin matrix to obtain a slurry; Step 4: Place the slurry obtained in step 3 into a vacuum drying oven for degassing, then cast the resin into a mold preheated to 100°C for solidification, then cool to 60°C, and demold to obtain a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent.

[0021] In the process of preparing the high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent using the components and preparation process described in the above embodiment, silicon is used instead of aluminum as the combustible metal, and fluoride is used instead of oxide, so that the melting and boiling points of the reaction products are significantly reduced, that is, the boiling point of the reaction product silicon fluoride is -86°C, which is much lower than the boiling point of aluminum oxide (aluminum oxide boiling point: 2980°C). Due to the reduction in the boiling point of the reaction product, the slag of the product is significantly reduced, so that the high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent prepared has better cutting performance.

[0022] The high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent prepared in Example 1 is used for specific description: The high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent prepared in Example 1 was used to cut a Q235 steel plate using a 50g charge column. Figure 1 As shown, the test results show that the shape of the cutting groove (the middle area of ​​the picture) is a circle of about φ24mm, and the groove depth is 2mm, which shows good cutting performance.

[0023] The above technical features constitute the embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Non-essential technical features can be added or reduced according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.

Claims

1. A high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent, characterized in that The raw materials include 30% to 50% of metal powder, 30% to 50% of metal fluoride, 5% to 10% of gas generating agent, and the balance is binder. The metal powder is porous silicon powder, the metal fluoride is one or more of ferric fluoride and copper fluoride, the gas generating agent is ammonium perchlorate, and the binder is one or more of epoxy resin and polyether amine.

2. The high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that The particle size of the porous silicon powder is 0.1 micrometer to 10 micrometers.

3. The high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The particle size of the metal fluoride is 5 microns to 50 microns.

4. The high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The particle size of the gas generating agent is 100 microns to 200 microns.

5. The high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition according to claim 3, characterized in that The particle size of the gas generating agent is 100 microns to 200 microns.

6. The high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Prepared by the following preparation process: Step 1: Heat the required amount of epoxy resin; Step 2: uniformly mixing the required amount of porous silicon powder, ferric fluoride, copper fluoride and ammonium perchlorate to obtain a composite material; Step 3: Add the composite material in step 2 to the epoxy resin in step 1, stir and mix evenly, then add the required amount of polyetheramine, stir evenly, so that the composite material is evenly dispersed in the resin matrix to obtain a slurry; Step 4: subjecting the slurry obtained in step 3 to vacuum degassing treatment, and then casting and demolding to obtain a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent.

7. The high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition according to claim 3, characterized in that Prepared by the following preparation process: Step 1: Heat the required amount of epoxy resin; Step 2: uniformly mixing the required amount of porous silicon powder, ferric fluoride, copper fluoride and ammonium perchlorate to obtain a composite material; Step 3: Add the composite material in step 2 to the epoxy resin in step 1, stir and mix evenly, then add the required amount of polyetheramine, stir evenly, so that the composite material is evenly dispersed in the resin matrix to obtain a slurry; Step 4: subjecting the slurry obtained in step 3 to vacuum degassing treatment, and then casting and demolding to obtain a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent.

8. The high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition according to claim 4, characterized in that Prepared by the following preparation process: Step 1: Heat the required amount of epoxy resin; Step 2: uniformly mixing the required amount of porous silicon powder, ferric fluoride, copper fluoride and ammonium perchlorate to obtain a composite material; Step 3: Add the composite material in step 2 to the epoxy resin in step 1, stir and mix evenly, then add the required amount of polyetheramine, stir evenly, so that the composite material is evenly dispersed in the resin matrix to obtain a slurry; Step 4: subjecting the slurry obtained in step 3 to vacuum degassing treatment, and then casting and demolding to obtain a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent.

9. The high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition according to claim 5, characterized in that Prepared by the following preparation process: Step 1: Heat the required amount of epoxy resin; Step 2: uniformly mixing the required amount of porous silicon powder, ferric fluoride, copper fluoride and ammonium perchlorate to obtain a composite material; Step 3: Add the composite material in step 2 to the epoxy resin in step 1, stir and mix evenly, then add the required amount of polyetheramine, stir evenly, so that the composite material is evenly dispersed in the resin matrix to obtain a slurry; Step 4: subjecting the slurry obtained in step 3 to vacuum degassing treatment, and then casting and demolding to obtain a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent.

10. A process for preparing the high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that According to the following preparation process: Step 1: Heat the required amount of epoxy resin; Step 2: uniformly mixing the required amount of porous silicon powder, ferric fluoride, copper fluoride and ammonium perchlorate to obtain a composite material; Step 3: Add the composite material in step 2 to the epoxy resin in step 1, stir and mix evenly, then add the required amount of polyetheramine, stir evenly, so that the composite material is evenly dispersed in the resin matrix to obtain a slurry; Step 4: subjecting the slurry obtained in step 3 to vacuum degassing treatment, and then casting and demolding to obtain a high reaction pressure silicon-based pyrotechnic agent.

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