Passive ventilation system based on self-heating fusible linking device, transportation container and closed parking garage

Abstract

The invention discloses a passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible linking device, a transport container and a closed parking garage. The passive ventilation system comprises a ventilation opening and a window door which are arranged on a wall body, one side of the window door is rotationally arranged on the wall body through a hinge, and the window door can rotate along the hinge to open or close the ventilation opening; the other side of the window door is connected with a wall body through a self-heating fusible linking device; the self-heating fusible linking device comprises two heat-conducting metal connecting pieces welded through fusible welding flux, and the window door and the wall body are connected with the two heat-conducting metal connecting pieces respectively. A catalyst coating is arranged at the welding position of the heat conduction metal connecting piece, the catalyst coating makes contact with hydrogen to generate a catalytic combustion exothermic reaction, and the self-heating fusible linking device is disconnected by melting the easily-melted welding flux. When the internal hydrogen concentration exceeds a certain standard, the self-heating fusible linking device is disconnected, the window door is opened, then hydrogen is dissipated, and potential safety hazards caused by continuous increase of the hydrogen concentration in the space are prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage technology, and in particular to a passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device, a transport container and a closed parking garage. Background Art

[0002] When a large number of fuel cell vehicles are parked in underground parking lots or closed parking garages, hydrogen leakage accidents are inevitable. How to implement efficient and reliable hydrogen release strategies in closed or semi-closed environments to reduce the consequences of accidents is an issue that needs to be studied urgently.

[0003] On the other hand, in the field of vehicle transportation, containers are often used to transport batches of cars. If the goods loaded in the container involve batches of fuel cell vehicles, the existing ordinary containers (fully enclosed) have no ventilation design and cannot meet the safety requirements of hydrogen-related environments. Containers are closed spaces. To achieve hydrogen safety protection, first, hydrogen leaks need to be quickly monitored. Secondly, the container should be kept in a good ventilation state to reduce the risk of hydrogen accumulation. Finally, in the event of hydrogen explosion, the overpressure should be quickly ventilated to achieve the effect of reducing the shock wave pressure.

[0004] In the prior art, a hydrogen leak monitoring system is usually installed. However, this control system requires the vents to be opened electronically. When there is a fault in the electrical system or an accident occurs, causing a power outage in the electrical system, there is a risk of not being able to promptly issue an alarm. In addition, the control system in the prior art is expensive and difficult to install. Summary of the invention

[0005] Due to the above defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a passive ventilation system and a transport container and storage warehouse containing the same, which are suitable for closed or semi-closed spaces to reduce the consequences of accidents. The present invention fixes the windows and doors on the vents through a self-heating fusible link device to close the vents. When the hydrogen concentration inside exceeds a certain standard, the self-heating fusible link device will be disconnected, the windows and doors will open, and the hydrogen will escape, preventing the hydrogen concentration in the space from continuing to increase and causing safety hazards. The solution of the present application is simple in structure, easy to install, low in cost, and does not require electricity to maintain.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device, comprising a vent and a window door arranged on a wall, one side of the window door being rotatably arranged on the wall through a hinge, and the window door can be rotated along the hinge to open or close the vent;

[0007] The other side of the window and door is connected to the wall through a self-heating fusible link device;

[0008] The self-heating fusible link device comprises: two heat-conducting metal connecting pieces welded by easily fusible gold solder, and the window door and the wall are respectively connected to the two heat-conducting metal connecting pieces;

[0009] The welding part of the heat-conducting metal connecting piece is provided with a catalyst coating, and the catalyst coating contacts hydrogen to generate a catalytic combustion exothermic reaction, which melts the fusible gold solder, disconnects the self-heating fusible link device, and the window door rotates along the hinge, thereby opening the vent.

[0010] Closed or semi-enclosed spaces are usually places with poor air circulation. According to hydrogen safety precautions, when storing hydrogen in closed and semi-enclosed spaces, a good ventilation environment with a certain amount of ventilation should be maintained. Therefore, if a batch of fuel cell vehicles are parked in a closed underground parking lot or private parking garage, the ventilation and ventilation devices of the parking lot must be kept working non-stop, which will not only lead to energy waste, but also if a power failure occurs, it will not be possible to ensure that the leaked hydrogen is quickly discharged, and there is a large safety hazard. The current existing closed parking garage mainly relies on natural ventilation with vents, and the vents are equipped with blinds or glass windows, which cannot instantly expand the ventilation area and cannot allow hydrogen to be discharged well. On the other hand, in the prior art, the leakage of gas is often detected by sending a signal to the control center after the gas is detected by the gas detection system, and the opening of the vent is controlled by the control center. However, if a power failure or other fault occurs, the vents often cannot be opened in time, and the safety hazard is large.

[0011] The present application fixes the window through a self-heating fusible link device. When the self-heating fusible link device detects hydrogen and separates, the vent can automatically open, instantly expanding the ventilation area to discharge the hydrogen. The self-heating fusible link device is two self-heating thermal conductive metal connecting pieces welded with fusible alloy solder joints. Under high temperature conditions, the solder joints melt, and the two self-heating thermal conductive metal connecting pieces separate, losing the fixation on the vent, causing the vent to open. This passive ventilation system does not require electricity, and the system can operate normally even in a power outage, which is safer and more secure.

[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, a first spring is further provided between the window door and the wall, and the first spring is provided on the window door via a mounting plate fixed on the wall;

[0013] When the self-heating fusible link device is disconnected, the first spring pushes the window door to rotate along the hinge and open the vent.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the compression spring between the window and the wall stores elastic potential energy, and after the self-heating fusible link device is disconnected, the first spring can push the window to open quickly.

[0015] In some embodiments of the first aspect, a second spring is further arranged between the self-heating fusible link device and the window or the wall; the second spring is in a stretched state, and accelerates the separation speed of the two thermally conductive metal connecting plates when the fusible solder melts through elastic potential energy.

[0016] In some embodiments of the first aspect, a third spring is further provided between the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets; the third spring is in a compressed state, and accelerates the separation speed of the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets when the fusible solder melts through elastic potential energy.

[0017] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the catalyst coating is provided on at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the contact position with the two thermally conductive metal connecting sheets by spraying.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the catalyst coating is sprayed on the outer side of the contact position of the heat-conducting metal connecting piece by spraying, which makes the arrangement more convenient.

[0019] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the catalyst coating is provided on one side of the thermally conductive metal connecting sheet, and the sides of the two thermally conductive metal connecting sheets without the catalyst coating are placed opposite to each other; the fusible alloy solder is provided at the position where the two thermally conductive metal connecting sheets are in contact with each other, and the fusible alloy solder is arranged into a matrix-type spherical fusible alloy solder point.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the matrix distribution of fusible alloy solder joints can ensure the connection strength of the self-heating fusible link device.

[0021] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the catalyst coating (32) includes one or more of a pure platinum catalyst, a platinum alloy catalyst, and a transition metal-based catalyst; the material of the fusible solder is one or more of a lead-tin alloy, a zinc-based alloy, and a bismuth-based alloy.

[0022] Furthermore, the melting point of the fusible solder used for the solder joint is 100-300° C. and has sufficient soldering strength at room temperature.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a transport container including a passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device.

[0024] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an enclosed parking garage, comprising a passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, hydrogen can be detected when it leaks, and the vents can be automatically opened to release the hydrogen, thereby preventing danger caused by excessive hydrogen concentration.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present invention realizes a non-electric trigger mechanism through a passive ventilation system of a self-heating fusible link device, which not only does not require electricity, but also has a lower application cost, while ensuring a high degree of reliability and effectively reducing maintenance costs. Compared with the solution of relying on a hydrogen detector to detect the concentration and then electrically control the active start of the ventilation system, the present invention is more suitable for small transport containers, small enclosed parking lots or home parking garages.

[0028] The self-heating fusible link device designed by the present invention adopts an integrated innovative design that integrates a catalytic combustion catalyst, a metal connecting piece and a fusible alloy. The catalyst coating is coated on the surface of the metal connecting piece so that it can quickly contact hydrogen, thereby improving the sensitivity of hydrogen leakage detection; the use of a high thermal conductivity metal sheet can quickly transfer the temperature to the internal fusible alloy solder joints, ensuring that the solder joint temperature rises quickly and improving the response speed of starting the passive ventilation system; the distribution of the fusible alloy matrix solder joints can ensure the strength of the connection of the self-heating fusible link device, ensure that the vents will not be opened under normal circumstances, and improve reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present invention and its features, appearance and advantages will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings. The same reference numerals indicate the same parts in all the drawings. The drawings are not drawn to scale, and emphasis is placed on illustrating the subject matter of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a front view of the overall structure of a passive ventilation system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the overall structure of a passive ventilation system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a self-heating fusible link device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-conducting metal connecting sheet in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-conducting metal connecting sheet in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Among them, 10, vents; 11, walls; 12, windows and doors; 13, self-heating fusible link device; 211, spring mounting plate; 212, first spring; 22, hinge; 23, second spring; 31, heat-conducting metal connecting piece; 311, support plate; 312, third spring; 32, catalyst coating; 42, easy-to-melt gold solder; 43, spring hanging hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The structure of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] See also Figures 1 to 4 The present embodiment provides a passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device, comprising a vent 10 and a window door 12 arranged on a wall 11, one side of the window door 12 is rotatably arranged on the wall 11 through a hinge 22, and the window door 12 can rotate along the hinge 22 to open or close the vent 10; the other side of the window door 12 is connected to the wall 11 through a self-heating fusible link device 13; the self-heating fusible link device 13 comprises: two heat-conducting metal connecting plates 31 welded with easily fusible gold solder 42, the window door 12 and the wall 11 are respectively connected to the two heat-conducting metal connecting plates 31; a catalyst coating 32 is arranged at the welding position of the heat-conducting metal connecting plates 31, the catalyst coating 32 contacts hydrogen to generate a catalytic combustion exothermic reaction, so that the self-heating fusible link device 13 is disconnected; the window door 12 rotates along the hinge 22, thereby opening the vent 10.

[0039] In some embodiments, a first spring 212 is further disposed between the window door 12 and the wall 11, and the first spring is disposed on the window door 12 via a spring mounting plate 211 fixed to the wall 11;

[0040] When the self-heating fusible link device 13 is disconnected, the first spring 212 pushes the window door 12 to rotate along the hinge 22 and open the vent 10 .

[0041] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the passive ventilation system in an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, a second spring 23 is provided between the self-heating fusible link device 13 and the window door 12;

[0042] The second spring 23 is in a stretched state, and accelerates the separation speed of the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets 31 when the fusible gold solder 42 melts through elastic potential energy.

[0043] In some embodiments, the catalyst coating 32 is disposed on at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the contact position of the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets 31 by spraying.

[0044] In some embodiments, a catalyst coating 32 is provided on one side of the thermally conductive metal connecting sheet 31, and the sides of the two thermally conductive metal connecting sheets 31 without the catalyst coating 32 are placed opposite to each other; then the two thermally conductive metal connecting sheets 31 are welded together, wherein the fusible gold solder 42 is provided at the position where the two thermally conductive metal connecting sheets 31 contact each other, and the fusible gold solder 42 is arranged into a matrix-type spherical fusible alloy solder point.

[0045] In some embodiments, the melting point of the fusible gold solder 42 is 100-300° C. and has the tensile strength required to fix the window door 12 at room temperature.

[0046] As a specific example, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 , a catalytic combustion catalyst is sprayed on one side of the heat-conducting metal connecting piece 31 to form a catalyst coating 32, the coating thickness is 20 microns, the catalyst material is nano-platinum particles, the reaction temperature after hydrogenation is 600°C, and a round hole with a diameter of 5 mm is opened at one end, which is used as a spring hanging hole 43. Sn63Pb37 fusible alloy is used as the fusible gold solder 42, and it is arranged into a matrix-type spherical fusible alloy solder point with a melting point of 150°C. Through the welding process, two self-heating heat-conducting metal connecting pieces 31 are welded into one body to form a self-heating fusible link device 13. It can be understood that the catalyst coating 32 includes one or more of a pure platinum catalyst, a platinum alloy catalyst and a transition metal-based catalyst; the material of the fusible gold solder 42 is one or more of a lead-tin alloy, a zinc-based alloy and a bismuth-based alloy.

[0047] When hydrogen leakage occurs, only 1% volume concentration of hydrogen contacts the catalyst coating 32, and a catalytic combustion reaction occurs at the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst, generating a temperature higher than 200°C within 10 minutes. When the temperature reaches 150°C, the matrix spherical fusible alloy solder joints melt, and the self-heating fusible link device 13 breaks, triggering the protection action of the passive ventilation system. At this time, the window door 12 opens, instantly expanding the ventilation area, and promoting the rapid discharge of hydrogen.

[0048] As some optional technical solutions, when the catalyst coating 32 contacts with a higher concentration of hydrogen, the catalytic combustion reaction is more intense, the temperature rises faster, and the maximum heating temperature reaches 600°C. It can also be a material including one or more of pure platinum catalysts, platinum alloy catalysts, and transition metal-based catalysts, whose hydrogen catalytic combustion temperature is higher than the melting point of the easily fused alloy solder 42. The melting point of the easily fused alloy solder 42 is 100-300°C, and it has sufficient tensile strength to fix the window door 12 at room temperature. Its material can also be one or more of lead-tin alloys, zinc-based alloys, and bismuth-based alloys whose melting points meet the requirements.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This embodiment provides a passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device, and its structure and usage are similar to those of Embodiment 1. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that a third spring 312 is provided between the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets 31 through a support plate 311, serving as a separation spring for separating the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets 31;

[0051] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the heat-conducting metal connecting piece including a support plate and a spring in an embodiment of the present invention. In some implementations, support plates 311 are respectively provided on the two heat-conducting metal connecting pieces 31, and both ends of the third spring 312 are respectively provided on the support plates 311; the third spring 312 is in a compressed state, and accelerates the separation speed of the two heat-conducting metal connecting pieces 31 when the easily fusible gold solder 42 melts through elastic potential energy.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] This embodiment provides a transport container, including a passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device;

[0054] Specifically, the vent 10 may be on the top of the container. When the self-heating fusible link device 13 is disconnected, the window door is opened, and the hydrogen escapes through the vent 10, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration in the container.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] This embodiment provides a closed parking garage, including a passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device,

[0057] Specifically, the vent 10 can be on the side wall of the parking garage. When the self-heating fusible link device 13 is disconnected, the window door is opened, and the hydrogen escapes through the vent 10, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration in the garage.

[0058] In summary, the present application provides a passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device, which closes the vent through the cooperation of a spring and a self-heating fusible link device, and can start the passive ventilation system when a hydrogen leakage safety accident occurs, and quickly release the hydrogen leakage safety accident. Among them, the fusible link device is welded into one by two heat-conducting metal connecting pieces through fusible alloy welding points; the catalyst coating is arranged on the surface of the heat-conducting metal connecting piece, which can quickly contact the hydrogen, realize rapid heat release, and then melt the welding contact point.

[0059] Those skilled in the art should understand that those skilled in the art can implement variations by combining the prior art and the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here. Such variations do not affect the essential content of the present invention, and will not be described in detail here.

[0060] The above describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the devices and structures that are not described in detail should be understood to be implemented in a common manner in the art; any technician familiar with the art can use the above-disclosed methods and technical contents to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes, which does not affect the essential content of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device, comprising a vent (10) and a window (12) arranged on a wall (11), characterized in that: One side of the window door (12) is rotatably arranged on the wall (11) via a hinge (22), and the window door (12) can be rotated along the hinge (22) to open or close the ventilation opening (10); The other side of the window door (12) is connected to the wall (11) via a self-heating fusible linking device (13); The self-heating fusible link device (13) comprises: two heat-conducting metal connecting plates (31) welded using easily fusible gold solder (42), and the window (12) and the wall (11) are respectively connected to the two heat-conducting metal connecting plates (31); A catalyst coating (32) is provided at the welding point of the heat-conducting metal connecting sheet (31), and the catalyst coating (32) generates a catalytic combustion exothermic reaction when in contact with hydrogen, thereby melting the fusible gold solder (42), disconnecting the self-heating fusible link device (13), and causing the window door (12) to rotate along the hinge (22), thereby opening the vent (10).

2. A passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first spring (212) is further provided between the window door (12) and the wall (11), and the first spring is provided on the window door (12) via a spring mounting plate (211) fixed on the wall (11); When the self-heating fusible link device (13) is disconnected, the first spring (212) pushes the window door (12) to rotate along the hinge (22) and open the vent (10).

3. A passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second spring (23) is provided between the self-heating fusible link device (13) and the window door (12) or the wall (11); The second spring (23) is in a stretched state, and accelerates the separation speed of the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets (31) when the easily fusible gold solder (42) melts through elastic potential energy.

4. A passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The catalyst coating (32) is disposed on at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the contact position of the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets (31) by spraying.

5. A passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The catalyst coating (32) is provided on one side of the heat-conducting metal connecting sheet (31), and the sides of the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets (31) without the catalyst coating (32) are placed opposite to each other; The fusible gold solder (42) is arranged at a position where two pieces of the heat-conducting metal connecting sheets (31) contact each other, and the fusible gold solder (42) is arranged into a matrix-type spherical fusible alloy solder joint.

6. A passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A third spring (312) is also provided between the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets (31); the third spring (312) is in a compressed state and accelerates the separation speed of the two heat-conducting metal connecting sheets when the fusible solder melts through elastic potential energy.

7. A passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst coating (32) includes one or more of a pure platinum catalyst, a platinum alloy catalyst and a transition metal-based catalyst; the material of the fusible gold solder (42) is one or more of a lead-tin alloy, a zinc-based alloy and a bismuth-based alloy.

8. A passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The melting point of the easily fusible gold solder (42) is 100-300° C., and it has the tensile strength required for fixing the window door (12) at room temperature.

9. A transport container, characterized in that: A passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A closed parking garage, characterized in that: A passive ventilation system based on a self-heating fusible link device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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