Oil and gas well underground and ground bidirectional data communication method and system based on automatic frequency selection

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil-gas well downhole and ground bidirectional data communication method and system based on automatic frequency selection in the technical field of oil-gas well and ground bidirectional communication, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining oil-gas well downhole parameter data, including pressure and temperature; on the basis of automatic frequency selection, modulating the downhole parameter data by using sound wave carrier waves through downhole equipment to obtain sound wave signals containing the downhole parameter data; transmitting the sound wave signal containing the underground parameter data to the ground, and carrying out demodulation processing to obtain the underground parameter data; according to the underground parameter data, generating a corresponding adjustment control instruction by using ground equipment; and based on automatic frequency selection, modulating a control instruction by using sound wave carrier waves to obtain a sound wave signal containing an adjustment control instruction, transmitting the sound wave signal to the oil and gas well underground equipment, demodulating the sound wave signal to obtain a control instruction emitted by the ground equipment, and executing corresponding operation. According to the invention, two-way transmission of data is realized through a sound wave carrier wave automatic frequency selection modulation and demodulation technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an oil and gas well underground and ground two-way data communication method and system based on automatic frequency selection, belonging to the technical field of oil and gas well and ground two-way communication. Background Art

[0002] In the field of oil and gas well exploration and development, obtaining downhole parameter data is crucial for understanding the state of oil and gas reservoirs and optimizing production strategies. In traditional technologies, the collection of downhole parameter data such as pressure and temperature mainly relies on wired sensor systems or mud pulse telemetry technology. The wired sensor system requires cables to be laid in the wellbore. Although the data transmission is stable, the installation cost is high and the maintenance is complicated. Mud pulse telemetry transmits information by changing the pressure waves generated by the mud flow. This method does not require cables, but the data transmission rate is slow and is easily affected by wellbore conditions such as mud flow rate and fluid composition. With the advancement of technology, wireless telemetry technology has also begun to be applied to oil and gas well monitoring, including electromagnetic wave telemetry. Electromagnetic wave telemetry can provide faster data transmission rates within a certain depth range, but in deep wells or in the presence of metal casings, electromagnetic waves are severely attenuated, limiting their application depth.

[0003] Although the above technologies have played a certain role in the monitoring and control of oil and gas well parameters, the existing technologies generally lack an efficient and reliable two-way data transmission method, especially the real-time two-way data transmission through the automatic frequency selection modulation and demodulation technology of the acoustic carrier. Existing acoustic communication technologies, such as acoustic logging technology, are mainly used for well structure detection or simple status monitoring, and usually do not have the ability to automatically select frequencies, which means that they may be seriously interfered by environmental noise, resulting in unstable data transmission. In addition, most acoustic communication technologies lack an efficient two-way communication mechanism, that is, they cannot simultaneously realize the uploading of downhole parameter data and the issuance of ground control instructions, which limits the ability of remote monitoring and real-time adjustment of oil and gas wells. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an acoustic carrier technology that can automatically select the optimal frequency to reduce noise interference and realize efficient two-way transmission of downhole parameter data and ground control instructions for improving the efficiency of oil and gas well exploration and development.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to ordinary technicians in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to realize bidirectional transmission of data through automatic frequency selection modulation and demodulation technology of sound wave carrier.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for two-way data communication between an oil and gas well underground and the surface based on automatic frequency selection, comprising:

[0008] Obtain downhole parameter data of oil and gas wells, including pressure and temperature;

[0009] Based on automatic frequency selection, the downhole parameter data is modulated by a downhole device using an acoustic carrier wave to obtain an acoustic signal containing the downhole parameter data;

[0010] Transmitting the acoustic wave signal containing the downhole parameter data to the surface, performing demodulation processing, and obtaining the downhole parameter data;

[0011] According to the downhole parameter data, using the surface equipment to generate corresponding adjustment control instructions;

[0012] Based on automatic frequency selection, the control instruction is modulated by the ground equipment using an acoustic carrier wave to obtain an acoustic signal containing the adjustment control instruction;

[0013] The acoustic wave signal containing the adjustment control instruction is transmitted to the downhole equipment of the oil and gas well, and is demodulated to obtain the control instruction transmitted by the surface equipment, and corresponding operations are performed according to the control instruction transmitted by the surface equipment.

[0014] Furthermore, based on the automatic frequency selection, the downhole parameter data is modulated by the downhole equipment using an acoustic carrier wave to obtain an acoustic signal containing the downhole parameter data, including:

[0015] The downhole equipment awakening unit continuously detects and receives the first broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency width pulse signal, and when the downhole equipment is successfully awakened, other units of the downhole equipment are started and the first broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep frequency width pulse signal is transmitted to notify the surface equipment that it has been awakened;

[0016] Continuously detecting and receiving a second broadband acoustic wave linear upsweep frequency width pulse signal and a first data frame including uplink optimal frequency point and uplink modulation mode configuration information by using downhole equipment, performing spectrum analysis on the second broadband acoustic wave linear upsweep frequency width pulse signal and scanning to confirm the downlink optimal frequency point, and demodulating the first data frame to obtain the uplink optimal frequency point and uplink modulation mode configuration information for storage;

[0017] Using the downhole equipment to transmit a second data frame including the downhole optimal frequency and downhole parameter data according to the uplink optimal frequency and uplink modulation mode configuration information to notify the surface equipment that the uplink working frequency and uplink modulation mode of the downhole equipment are successfully configured;

[0018] Continuously detecting and receiving a third data frame including the configuration parameters of the conventional working mode of the downhole equipment by using the downhole equipment, and demodulating the third data frame to obtain and save the configuration parameters of the conventional working mode;

[0019] The downhole equipment is used to transmit a fourth data frame including confirmation reply information of the received third data frame according to the uplink optimal frequency and uplink modulation mode configuration information, and enter a normal working mode.

[0020] Furthermore, based on the automatic frequency selection, the control instruction is modulated by the ground equipment using an acoustic carrier to obtain an acoustic signal containing the adjustment control instruction, including:

[0021] Using the surface equipment to transmit a first broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency pulse signal to wake up the downhole equipment in the sleep mode;

[0022] Continuously detecting and receiving the first broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep width pulse signal by using the surface equipment to confirm that the downhole equipment has been awakened, performing uplink signal spectrum analysis on the first broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep width pulse signal and scanning to confirm the uplink optimal frequency point;

[0023] Using ground equipment to transmit a second broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency pulse signal and a first data frame that uses the same bandwidth linear up-sweep frequency to perform acoustic wave modulation, wherein the modulated information of the first data frame includes the uplink optimal frequency point and uplink modulation mode configuration information;

[0024] Continuously detecting and receiving a second data frame with a sound wave modulation frequency being the uplink optimal frequency and modulation information including a downlink optimal frequency and downhole parameter data by using ground equipment, confirming that the uplink frequency configuration of the downhole equipment is successful when it is detected that the spectrum of the second data frame matches the uplink optimal frequency, and demodulating the second data frame to obtain the downlink optimal frequency and downhole parameter data;

[0025] Using the ground equipment to transmit, according to the optimal downlink frequency, a third data frame whose modulation frequency is the optimal downlink frequency and whose modulation information includes a confirmation reply to receiving the second data frame and configuration parameters of the conventional working mode of the downhole equipment;

[0026] The surface equipment is used to continuously detect and receive the fourth data frame including confirmation reply information of the downhole equipment to the third data frame. When it is known that the downhole equipment has successfully entered the normal working mode, the surface equipment enters the normal working mode.

[0027] Furthermore, when no acoustic wave signal containing downhole parameter data or an acoustic wave signal containing adjustment control instructions is received within a preset sending time interval, or a high data bit error rate is obtained after demodulation, an appropriate working frequency is reselected based on automatic frequency selection to carry out two-way data communication between the downhole and the ground.

[0028] Furthermore, the conventional working mode is to use a single frequency point or narrowband modulation mode to perform two-way data communication between the underground and the ground according to the configuration parameters of the conventional working mode.

[0029] Furthermore, the conventional working mode of the ground equipment includes:

[0030] When there are no new downhole configuration parameters that need to be updated: using the surface equipment to continuously detect and receive data frames containing downhole parameter data from the downhole equipment;

[0031] The data frame containing the downhole parameter data is demodulated by the surface equipment and the data bit error rate is analyzed. If the data bit error rate is low, it means that the downhole parameter data is successfully demodulated, and a data frame including confirmation reply information is sent back to the downhole equipment to complete the two-way data communication.

[0032] When there are new downhole configuration parameters that need to be updated: after completing the demodulation of the downhole parameter data, the surface equipment is used to send a return data frame to the downhole equipment, and the return data frame includes confirmation reply information and the new downhole configuration parameters;

[0033] The surface equipment is used to continuously detect and receive data frames from the downhole equipment, wherein the data frames from the downhole equipment include confirmation reply information that the downhole equipment has received the new downhole configuration parameters. After successfully demodulating the data frames from the downhole equipment, the two-way data communication is completed.

[0034] Furthermore, the conventional working mode of the downhole equipment includes:

[0035] When no data frame containing new downhole configuration parameters is detected: the downhole equipment is set to a low-power sleep mode, and automatically wakes up at a fixed time according to the configuration parameters of the normal mode, collects downhole parameter data after the fixed time wake-up, and transmits a data frame containing the downhole parameter data to the surface equipment;

[0036] The downhole equipment continuously detects and receives the confirmation reply data frame sent by the surface equipment, and demodulates the confirmation reply data frame sent by the surface equipment. If no data frame containing new downhole configuration parameters is detected, the two-way data communication is completed, and the downhole equipment resumes the sleep mode until the next automatic wake-up timing is reached;

[0037] When a data frame containing new downhole configuration parameters is detected: after configuration according to the new downhole configuration parameters, the downhole equipment sends back a confirmation reply data frame to the surface equipment to complete this two-way data communication, and the downhole equipment resumes sleep mode until the next automatic wake-up timing is reached.

[0038] Furthermore, the acoustic wave signal containing the downhole parameter data is transmitted to the surface equipment by using a downhole oil pipe string formed by cascading the oil pipe and the coupling.

[0039] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a two-way data communication system between downhole and surface of an oil and gas well based on automatic frequency selection, comprising downhole equipment and surface equipment located in the wellbore of the oil and gas well, for implementing the steps of the method described in the first aspect;

[0040] Wherein, the downhole equipment includes:

[0041] Downhole parameter acquisition sensor module, used to collect downhole parameter data of oil and gas wells, including pressure and temperature;

[0042] An acoustic wave transmitting module is used to transmit broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep wide pulse signals and acoustic wave modulated data frame signals carrying downhole parameter data information to ground equipment;

[0043] The acoustic wave receiving module is used to receive the broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep wide pulse signal emitted by the ground equipment and the acoustic wave modulated data frame signal carrying the ground data information;

[0044] Downhole actuators, used to perform downhole operations according to adjustment control instructions of surface equipment;

[0045] A power supply module, including a battery pack and a power supply circuit, for providing power to downhole equipment;

[0046] The downhole acoustic wave signal processing and modulation and demodulation module is respectively connected to the downhole parameter acquisition sensor module, the acoustic wave transmitting module, the acoustic wave receiving module, the downhole actuator and the power supply module, and is used to generate a broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep wide pulse driving electrical signal or generate a corresponding modulated electrical signal according to the configured acoustic wave modulation mode from the downhole parameter data received from the downhole parameter acquisition sensor module and send it to the acoustic wave transmitting module, and perform downlink signal spectrum analysis on the broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep wide pulse signal received from the acoustic wave receiving module and scan to confirm the optimal downlink frequency point or demodulate the received downlink acoustic wave modulation data frame into an adjustment control instruction and send it to the downhole actuator;

[0047] Wherein, the ground equipment includes:

[0048] The acoustic wave receiving sensor is used to receive the broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep wide pulse signal emitted by the downhole equipment and the acoustic wave modulated data frame signal carrying the downhole parameter data information;

[0049] An acoustic wave transmitting transducer is used to transmit broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency pulse signals and acoustic wave modulated data frame signals carrying ground data information to downhole equipment;

[0050] A surface processor for processing data and controlling communications based on information uploaded by downhole equipment;

[0051] The ground acoustic wave signal processing and modulation and demodulation module is respectively connected to the acoustic wave receiving sensor, the acoustic wave transmitting transducer, the ground processor and the power supply module, and is used to generate a broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency-width pulse driving electrical signal or generate a corresponding modulated electrical signal according to the configured acoustic wave modulation mode for the ground configuration and response information to the downhole and send it to the acoustic wave transmitting module, and perform uplink signal spectrum analysis on the broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep frequency-width pulse signal received from the acoustic wave receiving module and scan to confirm the optimal uplink frequency point or demodulate the received uplink acoustic wave modulation data frame into downhole parameter data or status information and send it to the ground processor for subsequent processing;

[0052] The power module includes a power circuit for supplying power to ground equipment.

[0053] Furthermore, the downhole equipment also includes:

[0054] A bandpass filter is connected to the sound wave receiving sensor and the voltage integrator, and is used to receive the signal from the sound wave receiving sensor and only allow the sound wave signal within a specific frequency range to pass through and be transmitted to the voltage integrator;

[0055] A voltage integrator is connected to the bandpass filter and the threshold comparator, and is used to receive the sound wave signal from the bandpass filter and perform integration processing to obtain an integrated signal and transmit it to the threshold comparator;

[0056] A threshold comparator is connected to the voltage integrator and the wake-up circuit, and is used to receive an integrated signal from the voltage integrator and compare the integrated signal with a preset threshold value, and when the integrated signal exceeds the threshold value, transmit the signal exceeding the threshold value to the wake-up circuit;

[0057] A wake-up circuit is connected to the threshold comparator and the sound wave signal acquisition and processing circuit. When receiving an integral signal exceeding the threshold from the threshold comparator, the wake-up circuit is triggered and outputs a start pulse signal to the sound wave signal acquisition and processing circuit to put it into working mode.

[0058] The acoustic wave signal acquisition and processing circuit is used to continuously acquire and process the in-band acoustic wave signal received by the acoustic wave receiving sensor; the acoustic wave signal acquisition and processing circuit is in a closed state in the sleep mode, and when the wake-up circuit is triggered, it receives the start pulse signal output by the wake-up circuit, thereby entering the working mode;

[0059] The ground equipment also includes:

[0060] The wired or wireless transceiver module is connected to the ground sound wave signal processing and modulation and demodulation module and is used for wired or wireless communication with other systems or devices.

[0061] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0062] 1. The present invention can efficiently and accurately obtain downhole parameter data of oil and gas wells such as pressure and temperature, optimize the acoustic carrier frequency through automatic frequency selection technology, avoid signal interference, and ensure that the data is stably and reliably transmitted to the ground. The ground equipment intelligently generates control instructions based on this, and then transmits them back to the well through the automatically selected acoustic carrier. The downhole equipment demodulates and executes them to achieve precise control.

[0063] 2. The present invention transmits and receives broadband acoustic linear up / down sweeping wide pulse signals, automatically selects the optimal operating frequency for two-way data communication between the underground and the ground, which not only improves the stability and reliability of data transmission, but also effectively avoids signal interference, ensuring that underground parameter data such as pressure and temperature and control instructions can be accurately and efficiently transmitted.

[0064] 3. The present invention adopts an intelligent sleep and wake-up mechanism. The ground equipment sends a wake-up signal regularly. After receiving the signal, the downhole equipment wakes up and sends a data frame containing downhole parameter data. When there is no new data or instructions to be transmitted, the downhole equipment enters a sleep state to save power. This mechanism not only improves the energy efficiency of the equipment, but also ensures real-time update and transmission of data.

[0065] 4. The present invention has high adaptability and fault tolerance. When no data is received within the preset transmission time interval or a high data error rate is obtained after demodulation, the present invention can reselect the applicable working frequency for communication based on automatic frequency selection. In addition, in the conventional working mode, a single frequency point or narrowband modulation mode is used for data transmission, which further improves the stability and energy efficiency of communication. This high adaptability and fault tolerance enable the present invention to operate stably in a complex and changeable oil and gas well environment, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of a method for two-way data communication between the oil and gas well underground and the surface based on automatic frequency selection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of a process of two-way data communication between a surface device and a downhole device based on automatic frequency selection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 3The figure is a schematic diagram of a process of two-way data communication between a surface device and a downhole device in a normal working mode provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the downhole equipment provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the ground equipment provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mixed signal composed of a second broadband sound wave linear up-sweep wide pulse signal and a first data frame modulated by a same-bandwidth linear up-sweep sound wave provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 7 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second data frame transmitted according to the uplink optimal frequency point and modulation mode provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 8 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a broadband acoustic linear up-sweep pulse signal flow after OOK modulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Fig. 9 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship of devices running in a low-power sleep mode provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than limitations on the technical solution of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention and the technical features in the embodiments may be combined with each other unless there is a conflict.

[0076] The term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment introduces a two-way data communication method between the oil and gas well underground and the ground based on automatic frequency selection, including:

[0079] Step 1: Obtain downhole parameter data of oil and gas wells, including pressure and temperature, through downhole equipment.

[0080] Step 2: Based on automatic frequency selection, the downhole parameter data is modulated by the downhole equipment using an acoustic carrier wave to obtain an acoustic wave signal containing the downhole parameter data.

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention realizes two-way data transmission between the underground and the ground by modulating and demodulating wireless sound waves within the frequency band of 500-5000 Hz.

[0082] Downhole oil pipe strings are composed of oil pipes and couplings, forming comb filter characteristics, resulting in alternating stopbands and passbands in acoustic transmission. Different oil and gas wells have different acoustic passband distributions due to differences in wellbore structure; in the same oil and gas well, changes in the wellbore liquid level or liquid characteristics will also cause the passband characteristics to change dynamically. The acoustic passband distribution from the well to the ground and from the ground to the well is asymmetric, and the applicable frequencies of the uplink and downlink channels may be different. Therefore, the acoustic wave modulated two-way data communication between the oil and gas well and the ground needs to avoid fixed frequencies, and the communication system needs to have the ability to dynamically select the appropriate acoustic wave frequency.

[0083] In the process of automatic frequency selection, broadband acoustic linear sweep pulse signals are mainly used as the basic signals for interaction between underground equipment and ground equipment, so as to effectively select the optimal uplink and downlink frequency points, but the power consumption of this process will be relatively high. Therefore, once the automatic frequency selection process is successfully completed, the system will enter the normal working mode, and according to the working frequency points configured in the automatic frequency selection process, a single frequency point or narrowband modulation mode will be used for two-way acoustic communication between underground and ground, so as to ensure that the underground equipment is in the optimal power consumption state, so as to extend the working time of the battery of the underground equipment.

[0084] Since the acoustic wave receiving sensor can simultaneously detect the acoustic wave signal emitted by its own transmitting end, the acoustic wave signal emitted by the opposite device and the environmental noise, and in the automatic frequency selection stage, the applicable frequency points of the uplink and downlink channels have not been confirmed, the present invention uses opposite linear sweep signals to help the acoustic wave receiving device distinguish between the acoustic wave linear up and down sweep wide pulse signals in the automatic frequency selection stage. For example, a broadband linear up sweep pulse signal is sent from the ground to the underground, and a broadband linear down sweep pulse signal is sent from the underground to the ground. After the automatic frequency selection is completed and the applicable working frequency points of the uplink and downlink channels are confirmed, the system switches to use the configured working frequency carrier to carry out two-way acoustic wave communication between the ground and the underground.

[0085] In summary, based on automatic frequency selection, the downhole parameter data is modulated by the downhole equipment using an acoustic carrier wave to obtain an acoustic wave signal containing the downhole parameter data, including:

[0086] The downhole equipment awakening unit continuously detects and receives the first broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency width pulse signal, and when the downhole equipment is successfully awakened, other units of the downhole equipment are started and the first broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep frequency width pulse signal is transmitted to notify the surface equipment that it has been awakened;

[0087] Continuously detecting and receiving a second broadband acoustic wave linear upsweep frequency width pulse signal and a first data frame including uplink optimal frequency point and uplink modulation mode configuration information by using downhole equipment, performing spectrum analysis on the second broadband acoustic wave linear upsweep frequency width pulse signal and scanning to confirm the downlink optimal frequency point, and demodulating the first data frame to obtain the uplink optimal frequency point and uplink modulation mode configuration information for storage;

[0088] Using the downhole equipment to transmit a second data frame including the downhole optimal frequency and downhole parameter data according to the uplink optimal frequency and uplink modulation mode configuration information to notify the surface equipment that the uplink working frequency and uplink modulation mode of the downhole equipment are successfully configured;

[0089] Continuously detecting and receiving a third data frame including the configuration parameters of the conventional working mode of the downhole equipment by using the downhole equipment, and demodulating the third data frame to obtain and save the configuration parameters of the conventional working mode;

[0090] The downhole equipment is used to transmit a fourth data frame including confirmation reply information of the received third data frame according to the uplink optimal frequency and uplink modulation mode configuration information, and enter a normal working mode.

[0091] like Figure 3 As shown, the conventional working mode is to use a single frequency point or narrowband modulation mode to perform two-way data communication between the underground and the ground according to the configuration parameters of the conventional working mode.

[0092] Since downhole equipment is powered by batteries, the power limitation of downhole equipment must be taken into consideration. Therefore, downhole equipment usually works intermittently and with low power consumption.

[0093] In low-power sleep mode, only the acoustic wave receiving sensor, bandpass filter, voltage integrator and threshold comparator of the downhole equipment are working, and other circuits such as processor, signal ADC sampling and transmission related circuits are in sleep mode. Only when the threshold comparator detects that the received in-band acoustic wave signal is higher than the wake-up threshold, the wake-up circuit is triggered to work, and other circuits of the downhole device are awakened to start working. After awakening, the acoustic wave signal acquisition and processing circuit directly performs ADC sampling on the received in-band acoustic wave signal, and performs subsequent digital signal processing, including digital spectrum analysis, digital filtering, acoustic wave digital demodulation, etc.

[0094] Wherein, the conventional working modes of the downhole equipment include:

[0095] Since the downhole equipment is usually in a low-power sleep mode, when no data frame containing new downhole configuration parameters is detected: the downhole equipment is set to a low-power sleep mode, and automatically wakes up at a fixed time according to the configuration parameters of the normal mode, collects downhole parameter data after the fixed time wake-up, and transmits a data frame containing the downhole parameter data to the surface equipment;

[0096] The downhole equipment continuously detects and receives the confirmation reply data frame sent by the surface equipment, and demodulates the confirmation reply data frame sent by the surface equipment. If no data frame containing new downhole configuration parameters is detected, the two-way data communication is completed, and the downhole equipment resumes the sleep mode until the next automatic wake-up timing is reached;

[0097] When a data frame containing new downhole configuration parameters is detected: after configuration according to the new downhole configuration parameters, the downhole equipment sends back a confirmation reply data frame to the surface equipment to complete this two-way data communication, and the downhole equipment resumes sleep mode until the next automatic wake-up timing is reached.

[0098] Step 3: Transmit the acoustic wave signal containing the downhole parameter data to the surface, perform demodulation processing, and obtain the downhole parameter data.

[0099] In this embodiment, the acoustic wave signal containing the downhole parameter data is transmitted to the surface equipment by using a steel downhole oil pipe string formed by cascading the oil pipe and the coupling.

[0100] Step 4: Generate corresponding adjustment control instructions using surface equipment according to the downhole parameter data and status information;

[0101] Step 5: Based on automatic frequency selection, the control instruction is modulated by ground equipment using an acoustic carrier wave to obtain an acoustic signal containing the adjustment control instruction.

[0102] Wherein, based on automatic frequency selection, the control instruction is modulated by the ground equipment using an acoustic carrier to obtain an acoustic signal containing the adjustment control instruction, including:

[0103] Using the surface equipment to transmit a first broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency pulse signal to wake up the downhole equipment in the sleep mode;

[0104] Continuously detecting and receiving the first broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep width pulse signal by using the surface equipment to confirm that the downhole equipment has been awakened, performing uplink signal spectrum analysis on the first broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep width pulse signal and scanning to confirm the uplink optimal frequency point;

[0105] Using ground equipment to transmit a second broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency pulse signal and a first data frame that uses the same bandwidth linear up-sweep frequency to perform acoustic wave modulation, wherein the modulated information of the first data frame includes the uplink optimal frequency point and uplink modulation mode configuration information;

[0106] Continuously detecting and receiving a second data frame with a sound wave modulation frequency being the uplink optimal frequency and modulation information including a downlink optimal frequency and downhole parameter data by using ground equipment, confirming that the uplink frequency configuration of the downhole equipment is successful when it is detected that the spectrum of the second data frame matches the uplink optimal frequency, and demodulating the second data frame to obtain the downlink optimal frequency and downhole parameter data;

[0107] Using the ground equipment to transmit, according to the optimal downlink frequency, a third data frame whose modulation frequency is the optimal downlink frequency and whose modulation information includes a confirmation reply to receiving the second data frame and configuration parameters of the conventional working mode of the downhole equipment;

[0108] The surface equipment is used to continuously detect and receive the fourth data frame including confirmation reply information of the downhole equipment to the third data frame. When it is known that the downhole equipment has successfully entered the normal working mode, the surface equipment enters the normal working mode.

[0109] In this embodiment, the pulse width of the broadband linear frequency signal pulse is 10s, wherein the structure diagram of the mixed signal composed of the second broadband sound wave linear up-sweep wide pulse signal and the first data frame modulated by the same bandwidth linear up-sweep wide pulse signal is as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1 , a second data frame transmitted according to the uplink optimal frequency point and modulation mode is composed of a structural diagram, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , a schematic diagram of a broadband acoustic linear up-sweep pulse signal flow after OOK modulation is shown in FIG. Figure 8 shown.

[0110] Since the ground equipment has no power supply restrictions, it can adopt high-power transmission and continuous receiving and monitoring working mode.

[0111] The conventional working modes of the ground equipment include:

[0112] When there are no new downhole configuration parameters that need to be updated: using the surface equipment to continuously detect and receive data frames containing downhole parameter data from the downhole equipment;

[0113] The data frame containing the downhole parameter data is demodulated by the surface equipment and the data bit error rate is analyzed. If the data bit error rate is low, it means that the downhole parameter data is successfully demodulated, and a data frame including confirmation reply information is sent back to the downhole equipment to complete the two-way data communication.

[0114] When there are new downhole configuration parameters that need to be updated: after completing the demodulation of the downhole parameter data, the surface equipment is used to send a return data frame to the downhole equipment, and the return data frame includes confirmation reply information and the new downhole configuration parameters;

[0115] The surface equipment is used to continuously detect and receive data frames from the downhole equipment, wherein the data frames from the downhole equipment include confirmation reply information that the downhole equipment has received the new downhole configuration parameters. After successfully demodulating the data frames from the downhole equipment, the two-way data communication is completed.

[0116] When no acoustic wave signal containing downhole parameter data or an acoustic wave signal containing adjustment control instructions is received within a preset sending time interval, or a high data bit error rate is obtained after demodulation, an appropriate working frequency is reselected based on automatic frequency selection for two-way data communication between the downhole and the ground.

[0117] In addition, if the automatic frequency selection is used to reselect the applicable working frequency point and fails to succeed after several attempts, an underground equipment failure alarm is reported.

[0118] Step 6: Transmit the acoustic wave signal containing the adjustment control instruction to the downhole equipment of the oil and gas well, the downhole equipment performs demodulation processing, obtains the control instruction transmitted by the surface equipment, and performs corresponding operations according to the control instruction transmitted by the surface equipment.

[0119] Example 2

[0120] Based on the same inventive concept as Example 1, this example introduces a two-way data communication system between the oil and gas well underground and the ground based on automatic frequency selection, including underground equipment and ground equipment located in the wellbore of the oil and gas well, used to implement the steps of the method described in Example 1;

[0121] like Figure 4 As shown, the downhole equipment includes:

[0122] Downhole parameter acquisition sensor module, used to collect downhole parameter data of oil and gas wells, including pressure and temperature;

[0123] An acoustic wave transmitting module is used to transmit broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep wide pulse signals and acoustic wave modulated data frame signals carrying downhole parameter data information to ground equipment;

[0124] The acoustic wave receiving module is used to receive the broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep wide pulse signal emitted by the ground equipment and the acoustic wave modulated data frame signal carrying the ground data information;

[0125] Downhole actuators, used to perform downhole operations according to adjustment control instructions of surface equipment;

[0126] The power supply module includes a battery pack and a power supply circuit, and is used to provide power to underground equipment.

[0127] The downhole acoustic wave signal processing and modulation and demodulation module is respectively connected to the downhole parameter acquisition sensor module, the acoustic wave transmitting module, the acoustic wave receiving module, the downhole actuator and the power supply module, and is used to generate a broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep wide pulse driving electrical signal or generate a corresponding modulated electrical signal according to the configured acoustic wave modulation mode from the downhole parameter data received from the downhole parameter acquisition sensor module and send it to the acoustic wave transmitting module, and perform downlink signal spectrum analysis on the broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep wide pulse signal received from the acoustic wave receiving module and scan to confirm the optimal downlink frequency point or demodulate the received downlink acoustic wave modulation data frame into an adjustment control instruction and send it to the downhole actuator;

[0128] like Figure 4 As shown, the ground equipment includes:

[0129] An acoustic wave receiving sensor is used to receive broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep wide pulse signals emitted by downhole equipment and acoustic wave modulated data frame signals carrying downhole parameter data information;

[0130] An acoustic wave transmitting transducer is used to transmit broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency pulse signals and acoustic wave modulated data frame signals carrying ground data information to downhole equipment;

[0131] A surface processor for processing data and controlling communications based on information uploaded by downhole equipment;

[0132] The ground acoustic wave signal processing and modulation and demodulation module is respectively connected to the acoustic wave receiving sensor, the acoustic wave transmitting transducer, the ground processor and the power supply module, and is used to generate a broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency-width pulse driving electrical signal or generate a corresponding modulated electrical signal according to the configured acoustic wave modulation mode for the ground configuration and response information to the downhole and send it to the acoustic wave transmitting module, and perform uplink signal spectrum analysis on the broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep frequency-width pulse signal received from the acoustic wave receiving module and scan to confirm the optimal uplink frequency point or demodulate the received uplink acoustic wave modulation data frame into downhole parameter data or status information and send it to the ground processor for subsequent processing;

[0133] A power module, including a power circuit, for supplying power to ground equipment;

[0134] like Fig. 9 As shown, in the low-power sleep mode, only the acoustic wave receiving sensor, bandpass filter, voltage integrator and threshold comparator of the downhole equipment are working, and other circuits such as the processor, signal ADC sampling and transmission related circuits are in sleep mode.

[0135] Therefore, in this embodiment, the downhole equipment further includes:

[0136] A bandpass filter is connected to the sound wave receiving sensor and the voltage integrator, and is used to receive the signal from the sound wave receiving sensor and only allow the sound wave signal within a specific frequency range to pass through and be transmitted to the voltage integrator;

[0137] A voltage integrator is connected to the bandpass filter and the threshold comparator, and is used to receive the sound wave signal from the bandpass filter and perform integration processing to obtain an integrated signal and transmit it to the threshold comparator;

[0138] A threshold comparator is connected to the voltage integrator and the wake-up circuit, and is used to receive an integrated signal from the voltage integrator and compare the integrated signal with a preset threshold value, and when the integrated signal exceeds the threshold value, transmit the signal exceeding the threshold value to the wake-up circuit;

[0139] A wake-up circuit is connected to the threshold comparator and the sound wave signal acquisition and processing circuit. When receiving an integral signal exceeding the threshold from the threshold comparator, the wake-up circuit is triggered and outputs a start pulse signal to the sound wave signal acquisition and processing circuit to put it into working mode.

[0140] The acoustic wave signal acquisition and processing circuit is used to continuously acquire and process the in-band acoustic wave signal received by the acoustic wave receiving sensor; the acoustic wave signal acquisition and processing circuit is in a closed state in the sleep mode, and when the wake-up circuit is triggered, it receives the start pulse signal output by the wake-up circuit, thereby entering the working mode;

[0141] The ground equipment also includes:

[0142] The wired or wireless transceiver module is connected to the ground sound wave signal processing and modulation and demodulation module and is used for wired or wireless communication with other systems or devices.

[0143] The specific functions of the above components are implemented by referring to the relevant contents of the method in Example 1 and will not be elaborated here.

[0144] Example 3

[0145] Based on the same inventive concept as other embodiments, this embodiment introduces a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program / instruction is stored, characterized in that the computer program / instruction implements the steps of the method described in Embodiment 1 or 2 when executed by a processor.

[0146] In summary, the present invention can efficiently and accurately obtain downhole parameter data of oil and gas wells such as pressure and temperature, optimize the acoustic carrier frequency through automatic frequency selection technology, avoid signal interference, and ensure that the data is stably and reliably transmitted to the ground. The ground equipment intelligently generates control instructions based on this, and then transmits them back to the well through the acoustic carrier with automatic frequency selection, and the downhole equipment executes after demodulation to achieve precise control.

[0147] The present invention transmits and receives broadband acoustic linear up / down sweeping wide pulse signals, automatically selects the optimal operating frequency for two-way data communication between the underground and the ground, which not only improves the stability and reliability of data transmission, but also effectively avoids signal interference, ensuring that underground parameter data such as pressure and temperature and control instructions can be transmitted accurately and efficiently.

[0148] The present invention adopts an intelligent sleep and wake-up mechanism. The downhole equipment automatically wakes up at a fixed time and sends a data frame containing downhole parameter data. If the ground equipment has new configurations or instructions for the downhole, the shared return data frame is sent down. This method minimizes the number of interactions between the ground and the downhole, and saves the consumption of downhole battery power to the maximum extent. When there is no new data or instructions to be transmitted, the downhole equipment enters a sleep state to save power. This mechanism not only improves the energy efficiency of the equipment, but also ensures the real-time update and transmission of data.

[0149] The present invention has high adaptability and fault tolerance. When no data is received within a preset transmission time interval or a high data error rate is obtained after demodulation, the present invention can reselect an appropriate working frequency point for communication based on automatic frequency selection. In addition, in the conventional working mode, a single frequency point or narrowband modulation mode is used for data transmission, which further improves the stability and energy efficiency of communication. This high adaptability and fault tolerance enable the present invention to operate stably in a complex and changeable oil and gas well environment, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data.

[0150] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0151] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0152] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0153] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0154] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the purpose of the present invention and the claims, which all fall within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-way data communication method between oil and gas wells underground and on the ground based on automatic frequency selection, characterized in that: include: Obtain downhole parameter data of oil and gas wells, including pressure and temperature; Based on automatic frequency selection, the downhole parameter data is modulated by a downhole device using an acoustic carrier wave to obtain an acoustic signal containing the downhole parameter data; Transmitting the acoustic wave signal containing the downhole parameter data to the surface, performing demodulation processing, and obtaining the downhole parameter data; According to the downhole parameter data, using the surface equipment to generate corresponding adjustment control instructions; Based on automatic frequency selection, the control instruction is modulated by the ground equipment using an acoustic carrier wave to obtain an acoustic signal containing the adjustment control instruction; The acoustic wave signal containing the adjustment control instruction is transmitted to the downhole equipment of the oil and gas well, and is demodulated to obtain the control instruction transmitted by the surface equipment, and corresponding operations are performed according to the control instruction transmitted by the surface equipment.

2. The method for two-way data communication between oil and gas wells underground and on the ground based on automatic frequency selection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of modulating the downhole parameter data by using an acoustic carrier wave through downhole equipment based on automatic frequency selection to obtain an acoustic signal containing the downhole parameter data includes: The downhole equipment awakening unit continuously detects and receives the first broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency width pulse signal, and when the downhole equipment is successfully awakened, other units of the downhole equipment are started and the first broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep frequency width pulse signal is transmitted to notify the surface equipment that it has been awakened; Continuously detecting and receiving a second broadband acoustic wave linear upsweep frequency width pulse signal and a first data frame including uplink optimal frequency point and uplink modulation mode configuration information by using downhole equipment, performing spectrum analysis on the second broadband acoustic wave linear upsweep frequency width pulse signal and scanning to confirm the downlink optimal frequency point, and demodulating the first data frame to obtain the uplink optimal frequency point and uplink modulation mode configuration information for storage; Using the downhole equipment to transmit a second data frame including the downhole optimal frequency and downhole parameter data according to the uplink optimal frequency and uplink modulation mode configuration information to notify the surface equipment that the uplink working frequency and uplink modulation mode of the downhole equipment are successfully configured; Continuously detecting and receiving a third data frame including the configuration parameters of the conventional working mode of the downhole equipment by using the downhole equipment, and demodulating the third data frame to obtain and save the configuration parameters of the conventional working mode; The downhole equipment is used to transmit a fourth data frame including confirmation reply information of the received third data frame according to the uplink optimal frequency and uplink modulation mode configuration information, and enter a normal working mode.

3. The method for two-way data communication between oil and gas wells underground and on the ground based on automatic frequency selection according to claim 2, characterized in that: Based on the automatic frequency selection, the control instruction is modulated by the ground equipment using an acoustic wave carrier to obtain an acoustic wave signal containing the adjustment control instruction, including: Using the surface equipment to transmit a first broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency pulse signal to wake up the downhole equipment in the sleep mode; Continuously detecting and receiving the first broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep width pulse signal by using the surface equipment to confirm that the downhole equipment has been awakened, performing uplink signal spectrum analysis on the first broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep width pulse signal and scanning to confirm the uplink optimal frequency point; Using ground equipment to transmit a second broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency pulse signal and a first data frame that uses the same bandwidth linear up-sweep frequency to perform acoustic wave modulation, wherein the modulated information of the first data frame includes the uplink optimal frequency point and uplink modulation mode configuration information; Continuously detecting and receiving a second data frame with a sound wave modulation frequency being the uplink optimal frequency and modulation information including a downlink optimal frequency and downhole parameter data by using ground equipment, confirming that the uplink frequency configuration of the downhole equipment is successful when it is detected that the spectrum of the second data frame matches the uplink optimal frequency, and demodulating the second data frame to obtain the downlink optimal frequency and downhole parameter data; Using the ground equipment to transmit, according to the optimal downlink frequency, a third data frame whose modulation frequency is the optimal downlink frequency and whose modulation information includes a confirmation reply to receiving the second data frame and configuration parameters of the conventional working mode of the downhole equipment; The surface equipment is used to continuously detect and receive the fourth data frame including confirmation reply information of the downhole equipment to the third data frame. When it is known that the downhole equipment has successfully entered the normal working mode, the surface equipment enters the normal working mode.

4. The method for two-way data communication between oil and gas wells underground and on the ground based on automatic frequency selection according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When no acoustic wave signal containing downhole parameter data or an acoustic wave signal containing adjustment control instructions is received within a preset sending time interval, or a high data bit error rate is obtained after demodulation, an appropriate working frequency is reselected based on automatic frequency selection for two-way data communication between the downhole and the ground.

5. The method for two-way data communication between oil and gas wells underground and on the ground based on automatic frequency selection according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The conventional working mode is to use a single frequency point or narrow band modulation mode to perform two-way data communication between underground and the surface according to the configuration parameters of the conventional working mode.

6. The method for two-way data communication between oil and gas wells underground and on the ground based on automatic frequency selection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conventional working modes of the ground equipment include: When there are no new downhole configuration parameters that need to be updated: using the surface equipment to continuously detect and receive data frames containing downhole parameter data from the downhole equipment; The data frame containing the downhole parameter data is demodulated by the surface equipment and the data bit error rate is analyzed. If the data bit error rate is low, it means that the downhole parameter data is successfully demodulated, and a data frame including confirmation reply information is sent back to the downhole equipment to complete the two-way data communication. When there are new downhole configuration parameters that need to be updated: after completing the demodulation of the downhole parameter data, the surface equipment is used to send a return data frame to the downhole equipment, and the return data frame includes confirmation reply information and the new downhole configuration parameters; The surface equipment is used to continuously detect and receive data frames from the downhole equipment, wherein the data frames from the downhole equipment include confirmation reply information that the downhole equipment has received the new downhole configuration parameters. After successfully demodulating the data frames from the downhole equipment, the two-way data communication is completed.

7. The method for two-way data communication between oil and gas wells underground and on the ground based on automatic frequency selection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conventional working modes of the downhole equipment include: When no data frame containing new downhole configuration parameters is detected: the downhole equipment is set to a low-power sleep mode, and automatically wakes up at a fixed time according to the configuration parameters of the normal mode, collects downhole parameter data after the fixed time wake-up, and transmits a data frame containing the downhole parameter data to the surface equipment; The downhole equipment continuously detects and receives the confirmation reply data frame sent by the surface equipment, and demodulates the confirmation reply data frame sent by the surface equipment. If no data frame containing new downhole configuration parameters is detected, the two-way data communication is completed, and the downhole equipment resumes the sleep mode until the next automatic wake-up timing is reached; When a data frame containing new downhole configuration parameters is detected: after configuration according to the new downhole configuration parameters, the downhole equipment sends back a confirmation reply data frame to the surface equipment to complete this two-way data communication, and the downhole equipment resumes sleep mode until the next automatic wake-up timing is reached.

8. The method for two-way data communication between oil and gas wells underground and on the ground based on automatic frequency selection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acoustic wave signal containing the downhole parameter data is transmitted to the surface equipment by using the downhole oil pipe string formed by cascading the oil pipe and the coupling.

9. A two-way data communication system between the oil and gas well underground and the ground based on automatic frequency selection, comprising underground equipment and ground equipment located in the wellbore of the oil and gas well, characterized in that: Steps for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8; Wherein, the downhole equipment includes: Downhole parameter acquisition sensor module, used to collect downhole parameter data of oil and gas wells, including pressure and temperature; An acoustic wave transmitting module is used to transmit broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep wide pulse signals and acoustic wave modulated data frame signals carrying downhole parameter data information to ground equipment; The acoustic wave receiving module is used to receive the broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep wide pulse signal emitted by the ground equipment and the acoustic wave modulated data frame signal carrying the ground data information; Downhole actuators, used to perform downhole operations according to adjustment control instructions of surface equipment; A power supply module, including a battery pack and a power supply circuit, for providing power to downhole equipment; The downhole acoustic wave signal processing and modulation and demodulation module is respectively connected to the downhole parameter acquisition sensor module, the acoustic wave transmitting module, the acoustic wave receiving module, the downhole actuator and the power supply module, and is used to generate a broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep wide pulse driving electrical signal or generate a corresponding modulated electrical signal according to the configured acoustic wave modulation mode from the downhole parameter data received from the downhole parameter acquisition sensor module and send it to the acoustic wave transmitting module, and perform downlink signal spectrum analysis on the broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep wide pulse signal received from the acoustic wave receiving module and scan to confirm the optimal downlink frequency point or demodulate the received downlink acoustic wave modulation data frame into an adjustment control instruction and send it to the downhole actuator; Wherein, the ground equipment includes: An acoustic wave receiving sensor is used to receive broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep wide pulse signals emitted by downhole equipment and acoustic wave modulated data frame signals carrying downhole parameter data information; An acoustic wave transmitting transducer is used to transmit broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency pulse signals and acoustic wave modulated data frame signals carrying ground data information to downhole equipment; A surface processor for processing data and controlling communications based on information uploaded by downhole equipment; The ground acoustic wave signal processing and modulation and demodulation module is respectively connected to the acoustic wave receiving sensor, the acoustic wave transmitting transducer, the ground processor and the power supply module, and is used to generate a broadband acoustic wave linear up-sweep frequency-width pulse driving electrical signal or generate a corresponding modulated electrical signal according to the configured acoustic wave modulation mode for the ground configuration and response information to the downhole and send it to the acoustic wave transmitting module, and perform uplink signal spectrum analysis on the broadband acoustic wave linear down-sweep frequency-width pulse signal received from the acoustic wave receiving module and scan to confirm the optimal uplink frequency point or demodulate the received uplink acoustic wave modulation data frame into downhole parameter data or status information and send it to the ground processor for subsequent processing; The power module includes a power circuit for supplying power to ground equipment.

10. The oil and gas well underground and surface two-way data communication system based on automatic frequency selection according to claim 9, characterized in that: The downhole equipment also includes: A bandpass filter is connected to the sound wave receiving sensor and the voltage integrator, and is used to receive the signal from the sound wave receiving sensor and only allow the sound wave signal within a specific frequency range to pass through and be transmitted to the voltage integrator; A voltage integrator is connected to the bandpass filter and the threshold comparator, and is used to receive the sound wave signal from the bandpass filter and perform integration processing to obtain an integrated signal and transmit it to the threshold comparator; A threshold comparator is connected to the voltage integrator and the wake-up circuit, and is used to receive an integrated signal from the voltage integrator and compare the integrated signal with a preset threshold value, and when the integrated signal exceeds the threshold value, transmit the signal exceeding the threshold value to the wake-up circuit; A wake-up circuit is connected to the threshold comparator and the sound wave signal acquisition and processing circuit. When receiving an integral signal exceeding the threshold from the threshold comparator, the wake-up circuit is triggered and outputs a start pulse signal to the sound wave signal acquisition and processing circuit to put it into working mode. The acoustic wave signal acquisition and processing circuit is used to continuously acquire and process the in-band acoustic wave signal received by the acoustic wave receiving sensor; the acoustic wave signal acquisition and processing circuit is in a closed state in the sleep mode, and when the wake-up circuit is triggered, it receives the start pulse signal output by the wake-up circuit, thereby entering the working mode; The ground equipment also includes: The wired or wireless transceiver module is connected to the ground sound wave signal processing and modulation and demodulation module and is used for wired or wireless communication with other systems or devices.

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