Natural caving method coupled with subsequent filling method

Abstract

According to the natural caving method coupled with the subsequent filling method, the bottom structure and construction procedures of a traditional natural caving method are optimized, the advantages of the open-stope subsequent filling method and the advantages of the natural caving method are combined, undercutting rock drilling, charging and blasting work is avoided, and the working efficiency is improved. The problems that the natural caving method undercutting work is large in work amount, tedious in procedure, poor in effect, unstable in bottom structure, low in capacity in the capital construction period and the like are effectively solved. The method provides a technical guarantee for simplifying processes such as undercutting in a natural caving method, improving the stability of a bottom structure and improving the capacity in a capital construction period, and has the characteristics of wide application range, safety and high efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mining, and in particular to a natural caving method coupled with a subsequent filling method. Background Art

[0002] The natural caving method has the advantages of low cost and high production capacity. In recent years, it has been increasingly widely used in metal mines at home and abroad. However, a large number of bottom pull tunnels and fan-shaped holes need to be constructed for bottom pull blasting. The bottom pull process is complex and has low safety. As the main production area, the bottom structure is generally only about 20m thick, and there are many primary and secondary joints in the bottom structure ore rock. These factors seriously affect the stability of the bottom structure. The natural caving method requires a long initial infrastructure construction time and huge capital investment during the infrastructure period. During this period, only part of the by-product minerals are produced, and the return on investment is low. Therefore, the traditional natural caving method still has a lot of room for improvement in terms of process and safety.

[0003] The "mining method of coupling stage forced caving method with natural caving method" disclosed in CN104533415B requires excavation of many tunnels in the bottom structure, which is not conducive to the stability of the bottom structure; at the same time, a large amount of explosives need to be used for forced blasting first, and the process is complicated and the safety is poor. The "bottom ore-supporting structure and mining method of natural caving mining" disclosed in CN113062741A still requires the arrangement of a large number of bottom-pulling tunnels and the use of fan-shaped blastholes to blast the bottom; and the vertical height difference between the bottom-pulling level and the mining level is only 18 to 25m, the bottom structure is thin, and the stability is poor. The "bottom structure of natural caving method" disclosed in CN219932153U requires the arrangement of the bottom-pulling level like the traditional natural caving method, and a large number of bottom-pulling projects need to be carried out before caving, which is heavy and complicated.

[0004] In summary, the problems faced by traditional natural caving method, such as large bottom pulling engineering workload, unstable bottom structure and low return on investment during the infrastructure period, have always restricted the operation of natural caving mining and need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a natural caving method coupled with a subsequent filling method. By combining the subsequent filling method and the natural caving mining process, the excavation of a large number of bottom tunnels and bottom fan-shaped holes is avoided, the process is simplified, and the work safety is improved; the thickness of the bottom structure is increased, and the stability of the bottom structure is improved; a large amount of ore is recovered early, and the return on investment of funds during the infrastructure period is improved.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a natural caving method coupled with a subsequent filling method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Construction of rock drilling tunnels, ore loading tunnels and mine access roads;

[0008] Step 2: construct blasting holes from the rock drilling tunnel to the mine pillar;

[0009] Step 3: Charge and blast the blast hole to complete the mining of the pillars from the middle of the ore body to both sides;

[0010] Step 4: Use ultra-high strength filling materials from the rock drilling tunnel to fill the empty area after the pillars are mined. The filling body strength of the ultra-high strength filling materials is not less than that of the original rock. When filling, a height of 8 to 10 meters is reserved at the top of the empty area without filling. The loading tunnel and the mine access road in the middle of the production can refer to the filling of the empty tunnel;

[0011] Step 5: After the ultra-high strength filling body has passed the curing period, drill holes upward from the ore-out level to mine the remaining ore chambers, starting from the side of the ore body footwall;

[0012] Step 6: Normal caving production shall be carried out in the area where the mining of the ore room and pillars has been completed, and the above steps shall be repeated in the remaining areas to complete normal caving production.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment: the bottom structure is divided into mine rooms and mine pillars, and the height is 50-60m.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment: the ore pillars formed after filling serve as the ore gathering trough pillars of the later natural caving method, and the empty areas formed by mining in the mine room serve as the ore gathering trough.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The present invention optimizes the bottom structure and construction process of the traditional natural caving method, combines the advantages of the empty field subsequent filling method and the natural caving method, avoids the bottom drilling, charging and blasting work, and effectively solves the problems of the natural caving method, such as large amount of bottom pulling work, complicated process and poor effect, unstable bottom structure and low capacity during the infrastructure construction period. This method provides technical guarantee for simplifying the bottom pulling process of the natural caving method, improving the stability of the bottom structure and increasing the capacity during the infrastructure construction period, and has the characteristics of wide application, safety and high efficiency. .

[0017] The invention has safe and reliable construction, simple process and good benefits. It optimizes the structure and construction process of the traditional natural caving method, combines the advantages of the two mining methods of empty site subsequent filling and natural caving method, simplifies the process steps, and does not require bottom drilling, charging and blasting projects, effectively solving the difficult problems of large bottom drilling project volume, complicated process and construction danger; increases the thickness of the bottom structure and improves the stability of the bottom structure; can recover a large amount of ore during the infrastructure construction period of the mine, thereby improving the return on investment during the infrastructure construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the mining level, rock drilling level and pillar recovery;

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view at position II;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Sectional view at position I II I;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of filling the void area of ​​the pillar and mining in the mine room;

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view at position II;

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Sectional view at position I II I;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the natural caving of ore after the mining of the mine is completed;

[0025] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Sectional view at position II;

[0026] Fig. 9 for Figure 7 Sectional view at position I II I;

[0027] Among them: 1. Tunnel along the vein in the lower plate; 2. Vein through the mine; 3. Access road for loading ore; 4. Tunnel along the vein in the upper plate; 5. Inclined ramp in the upper plate; 6. Inclined ramp in the lower plate; 7. Rock drilling tunnel; 8. Rock drilling liaison box; 9. Mine room; 10. Mine pillar; 11. Large blasting hole; 12. Mine to be collapsed; 13. Ore that has collapsed; 14. Ultra-high strength filling body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top / bottom" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "mounted / connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a wall-mounted connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] This implementation example is a metal mine with copper as its main product. It is now planned to mine an ore body with an elevation of -210m to -450m. The strike length of the ore body is about 1450m, the average thickness of the ore body is about 360m, the inclination of the ore body is 45° to 55°, the ore grade is about 0.56%, and the caving property of the ore rock is medium caving to difficult caving. The natural caving method is used for mining. The present invention combines the subsequent filling method and the natural caving method mining process to avoid the excavation of a large number of bottom tunnels and bottom fan-shaped holes, simplify the process, and improve the work safety; increase the thickness of the bottom structure, improve the stability of the bottom structure; recover a large part of the ore in advance, and improve the return on investment of the capital during the infrastructure period.

[0032] refer to Figure 1-Figure 9 This embodiment provides a natural caving method coupled with a subsequent filling method, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Construction of rock drilling tunnels, ore loading tunnels and mine access roads, such as Figure 1 As shown;

[0034] Step 2: construct large holes from the rock drilling tunnel to the pillar, such as Figure 1 As shown;

[0035] Step 3: Large hole blasting, complete the mining of pillars from the middle of the ore body to both sides, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown;

[0036] Step 4: Use ultra-high strength filling materials from the rock drilling tunnel to fill the empty area after the pillar is mined (the filling body strength is not lower than the original rock). When filling, leave a height of 8 to 10 meters at the top of the empty area. The loading tunnel and the mine access road in the middle of the production can refer to the filling along the empty tunnel, which can save filling materials and avoid the excavation of ultra-high strength filling bodies again in the later stage. Figure 2 As shown;

[0037] Step 5: After the ultra-high strength backfill body has passed the curing period, drill holes upward from the mining level to mine the remaining ore chambers, starting from the side of the ore body footwall. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the 8-10m space reserved for filling after the pillars are mined and the cavity formed after the mine room is mined provides conditions for the natural collapse of the ore.

[0038] Step 6: The area where the ore pillars are mined is subjected to normal caving production, and the remaining areas repeat the above steps to complete normal caving production. Figure 5 shown.

[0039] Furthermore, the natural collapse method coupled with the subsequent backfilling method is characterized in that: there is no need to construct a bottom tunnel and bottom blasting, and only the rock drilling tunnel needs to be constructed, thus saving a lot of rock drilling and blasting engineering.

[0040] Furthermore, the natural collapse method coupled with the subsequent backfilling method is characterized in that the bottom structure is divided into mine rooms and mine pillars with a height of about 50 to 60 m, which increases the thickness of the bottom structure and improves the stability of the bottom structure.

[0041] Among them, the natural collapse method coupled with the subsequent filling method is characterized by: first constructing blasting holes from the rock drilling tunnel to the pillars, mining the pillars from the middle of the ore body to both sides, and then filling the pillar goaf with ultra-high strength filling materials. During filling, a height of 8 to 10 m is reserved at the top of the goaf without filling. After the curing period of the ultra-high strength filling body, a hole is drilled upward from the ore exit level to mine the mine room, and the mine room does not need to be filled.

[0042] Among them, the natural caving method coupled with the subsequent filling method is characterized in that the ore pillars formed after filling can be used as ore gathering trough pillars of the subsequent natural caving method, and the empty areas formed by mining the mine room can be used as ore gathering troughs.

[0043] Among them, the natural caving method coupled with the subsequent backfilling method is characterized in that a large amount of ore can be recovered during the infrastructure construction period of the natural caving method mine, thereby improving the return on investment of funds during the infrastructure period.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation mode of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any technical equivalent changes made using the contents of the present invention specification shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A natural caving method coupled with a subsequent backfilling method, characterized in that The steps include: Step 1: Construction of rock drilling tunnels, ore loading tunnels and mine access roads; Step 2: construct blasting holes from the rock drilling tunnel to the mine pillar; Step 3: Charge and blast the blast holes to complete the mining of the pillars from the middle of the ore body to both sides; Step 4: Use ultra-high strength filling materials from the rock drilling tunnel to fill the empty area after the pillars are mined. The filling body strength of the ultra-high strength filling materials is not less than that of the original rock. When filling, a height of 8 to 10 meters is reserved at the top of the empty area without filling. The loading tunnel and the mine access road in the middle of the production can refer to the filling of the empty tunnel; Step 5: After the ultra-high strength backfill body has passed the curing period, drill holes upward from the ore-out level to mine the remaining ore chambers, starting from the side of the ore body footwall; Step 6: Normal caving production shall be carried out in the area where the mining of the ore room and pillars has been completed, and the above steps shall be repeated in the remaining areas to complete normal caving production.

2. A natural caving method coupled with a subsequent backfilling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom structure is divided into mine rooms and mine pillars, with a height of 50 to 60 meters.

3. A natural caving method coupled with a subsequent backfilling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pillars formed after filling serve as the ore gathering trough pillars in the later natural caving method, and the empty areas formed by mining in the mine room serve as the ore gathering trough.

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