Oil and gas facility peripheral transaction signal coupling and laying system and trapping and analyzing method

Abstract

The invention provides an oil and gas facility peripheral abnormal signal coupling and laying system and a trapping and analyzing method, and the system comprises different types of sensor coupling bases which are adaptive to different earth surface conditions, and the sensor coupling bases are single-cone type sensor coupling bases according to soil texture surface conditions; aiming at a continuous hard earth surface condition, an adjustable triangular caudal vertebra sensor coupling base is adopted as a sensor coupling base; aiming at gravel texture surface conditions, the sensor coupling base adopts a long single cone and an adjustable triangular tail cone combined sensor coupling base. Different ground coupling forms are adopted for ground surface media and topographic conditions around common oil and gas facilities, the ground surface coupling degree of the sensor is improved, and continuity and reliability of signal capturing are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field safety monitoring and detection, and in particular to a coupling and arrangement system, and a capture and analysis method for abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities. Background Art

[0002] With the sustained development of the national economy and the continuous optimization of the energy structure, the impact of oil and gas resources on national economic development and energy security is becoming increasingly greater. In order to ensure the supply of oil and gas, efforts have been continuously increased in oil and gas exploration and development in recent years. More and more oil and gas resources have been developed, and the corresponding supporting oil and gas facilities in the processes or links such as "drilling-gas production-gathering and transportation" are also increasing. Once a leak occurs or even leads to a fire or explosion, it will cause more serious consequences.

[0003] According to statistics, more than 90% of the damage to oil and gas facilities is caused by external disturbances (human intrusion). Although safety awareness and overall quality have been greatly improved in recent years, accidents of drilling and stealing oil (gas) still occur from time to time. At present, the monitoring means for production and safety accidents caused by external disturbances are mainly completed through video monitoring by personnel on duty or infrared camera recognition. Video monitoring by personnel on duty requires a lot of manpower and material resources. The monitoring effect is affected by factors such as the sense of responsibility and attention of the personnel on duty, which is easy to lead to missed reports. The infrared camera method can monitor abnormal heat bodies, but it is still impossible to achieve 100% recognition for intruders wearing professional protective clothing. After research, it is found that the use of seismic wave sensors to capture and analyze the seismic waves generated by external disturbances contacting the surface to determine the disturbance mode and locate it is one of the most promising external disturbance monitoring technologies for oil and gas facilities. However, the main reasons why it has not been popularized are:

[0004] 1. Oil and gas facilities may be subject to various forms of external disturbances (human intrusions). Currently, there is no clear method to effectively capture and analyze the abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities.

[0005] 2. Most key oil and gas facilities are located in areas with complex terrain. The surface media include pure soil, gravel-soil mixed media, hard ground, etc. This leads to a decrease in the degree of coupling between seismic wave sensors and the surface under complex conditions, resulting in a weakened signal capture effect and an inability to effectively monitor external abnormal movements of oil and gas facilities.

[0006] In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a coupling and deployment system for abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities, and a capture and analysis method. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to capture and analyze external intrusion signals around oil and gas facilities, which is crucial to ensure the safe operation of oil and gas facilities.

[0008] The present invention provides a sensor coupling base system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities. The coupling base system comprises: different types of sensor coupling bases adapted to different surface conditions. For soil surface conditions, the sensor coupling base adopts a single-cone sensor coupling base; for continuous hard surface conditions, the sensor coupling base adopts an adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base; for gravel surface conditions, the sensor coupling base adopts a sensor coupling base combining a long single cone and an adjustable triangular tail cone.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the single-cone sensor coupling base includes: a threaded segment, a nut, and a vertebral body, wherein the threaded segment and the vertebral body are integrally formed, the threaded segment is used to connect with the sensor, the nut is arranged at the tail of the threaded segment to increase stability, and the vertebral body is used to be inserted into the ground.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, based on the specific properties and thickness of the surface medium, it is determined whether to use a long single-cone sensor coupling base or a short single-cone sensor coupling base, wherein the cone length of the long single-cone sensor coupling base is 150-200 mm, the cone top diameter is 16-18 mm, and the tail end diameter is 2-3 mm; the cone length of the short single-cone sensor coupling base is 80-100 mm, the cone top diameter is 12-13 mm, and the tail end diameter is 1-2 mm.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the external environmental noise is less than a preset noise value, the threaded segment is connected to the threaded hole at the bottom of the sensor during use, and then the cone is inserted into the ground surface to ensure that the sensor is level and the bottom surface is in contact with the ground surface;

[0012] When the external environmental noise is greater than or equal to the preset noise value, in order to reduce external interference in the sensor signal acquisition process and improve acquisition efficiency and quality, the sensor and the single-cone sensor coupling base are arranged in a semi-buried manner.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adjustable triangular tail vertebrae sensor coupling base includes: a support plate, which is an equilateral triangle, with a central threaded hole matching the metal insert of the sensor at the center, and a corner threaded hole respectively arranged at the three corners, and the three corner threaded holes are on concentric circles with the central threaded hole.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base comprises three tail cones respectively connected to three corner threaded holes, each tail cone is composed of a cone with a surface embossed with a pattern, a connecting bolt and a fixing nut, wherein a threaded hole matching the connecting bolt is provided at the center of the cross section of the cone;

[0015] During actual use, the support plate, the cone and the fixing nut are connected by the connecting bolts, and the level of the support plate is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the three connecting bolts screwed into the support plate. After the adjustment is completed, the fixing nut is brought into contact with the support plate and tightened to achieve a fixing effect.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the adjustable triangular caudal vertebra sensor coupling base is used to couple the sensor to the ground, the support plate is connected to the threaded hole on the metal insert at the bottom of the sensor by the connecting bolts, and then the sensor is placed on a flat / slightly undulating continuous hard surface. The level of the support plate is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the three connecting bolts screwed into the support plate. When the sensor is level, the fixing nut is brought into contact with the support plate and tightened.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sensor coupling base combining the long single cone and the adjustable triangular tail cone is composed of the long single cone sensor coupling base, the connecting platform flange, and the adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base, wherein the connecting platform flange is made of a circular steel plate, and a central threaded hole matching the metal insert is arranged at the center position of the circular steel plate, and a circular groove is arranged on one side of the circular steel plate, and the three cone tips of the fixed triangular tail cone and the adjustable triangular tail cone can be inserted into the circular groove to ensure free rotation.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the external noise is less than the preset noise value, the threaded section at the end of the long / short single cone is connected to the flange of the connecting platform during use, and then the cone is inserted into the ground to ensure stability and levelness, and the support plate of the adjustable triangular tail cone is connected to the threaded hole on the metal insert at the bottom of the sensor using the connecting bolt, and then the sensor is placed on the flange of the connecting platform, and the cone tips of the three cones with embossed reticulated patterns on the surface are inserted into the circular grooves, and after ensuring that the sensor is level, the fixing nut is contacted with the support plate and tightened;

[0019] When the external environmental noise is greater than or equal to the preset noise value, in order to reduce external interference in the sensor signal acquisition process and improve the acquisition efficiency and quality, the sensor and the sensor coupling base combining the long single cone and the adjustable triangular tail cone are arranged in a semi-buried manner.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a system for deploying an array of sensors for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities, the array deployment system comprising:

[0021] A capture sensor, which is composed of a low-frequency microseismic sensor and a sensor coupling base system as described in any one of the above items;

[0022] A sensor array is composed of the capture sensors.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the sensor array, the intervals between the capture sensors are preset interval values, and the number of capture sensors in the sensor array is determined by the action modes and destructiveness of different external abnormal motion scenarios.

[0024] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities, wherein the abnormal signals are captured by using the array deployment system as described in any one of the above items, and the method comprises:

[0025] Arranging the capture sensors according to the number of capture sensors in the sensor array so that the capture sensors are coupled with the ground;

[0026] Test the status of each capture sensor in the sensor array to ensure that the signal acquisition function of each capture sensor is normal;

[0027] When abnormal movement occurs around oil and gas facilities, the abnormal movement signal is collected by the capture sensor in the sensor array.

[0028] According to another aspect of the present invention, a storage medium is provided, which contains a series of instructions for executing the method steps described above.

[0029] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for analyzing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities is also provided, the method comprising:

[0030] For the abnormal signal collected by the method for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities as described above, a blind source separation method is used to perform denoising processing to obtain a noise-reduced abnormal signal;

[0031] The amplitude extraction, vibration range extraction and vibration frequency extraction are performed on the noise reduction abnormal signal in sequence to obtain an abnormal signal analysis result.

[0032] According to another aspect of the present invention, a storage medium is provided, which contains a series of instructions for executing the method steps described above.

[0033] The present invention provides a coupling and deployment system, a capture and analysis method for abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0034] (1) According to the surface media and terrain conditions around common oil and gas facilities, different ground coupling forms are adopted to improve the surface coupling degree of seismic wave sensors and ensure the continuity and reliability of signal capture;

[0035] (2) Aiming at the common abnormal movement scenarios around oil and gas facilities, a clear arrangement method of seismic wave sensor array and abnormal movement simulation process are proposed to provide a standard operating procedure for the collection of relevant signals.

[0036] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the layout of a coupling base system for capturing abnormal signal around oil and gas facilities according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 A structural diagram of a single cone type sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a single cone sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0041] Figure 4(a)-Figure 4(c) A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a single cone sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0042] Figure 5 A structural diagram of an adjustable triangular tail vertebra sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 6 A structural diagram of a support plate according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0044] Figure 7 A diagram showing the structure of the coccyx according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0045] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an adjustable triangular tail vertebra sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0046] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram showing the layout of an adjustable triangular tail vertebra sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0047] Fig.10 It shows a structural diagram of a connecting platform flange according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a connecting platform flange according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0049] Fig.12 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a sensor coupling base combining a long single cone and an adjustable triangular tail cone according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0050] Figure 13(a)-Figure 13(b) A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a sensor coupling base combining a long single cone and an adjustable triangular tail cone according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0051] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a sensor array according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0052] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of speed determination according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0053] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of signal excitation point settings according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0054] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of microseismic data recognition according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0055] Fig.18 A waveform diagram of a natural environmental noise microseismic signal at a site according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0056] Fig.19 The natural noise signal spectrum and energy diagram at a site according to one embodiment of the present invention are shown;

[0057] Fig. 20 A waveform diagram of a microseismic signal caused by a person running according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0058] Fig.21 A frequency spectrum diagram of microseismic signals caused by a person running according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0059] Fig. 22 A waveform diagram of microseismic signals of people walking according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0060] Fig.23 A spectrum diagram of microseismic signals of people walking according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0061] Fig.24 A waveform diagram of microseismic signals of a stoppage of an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0062] Fig.25A spectrum diagram of microseismic signals of a stop-over excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0063] Fig.26 A waveform diagram of a microseismic signal of artificial excavation according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0064] Fig. 27 shows a spectrum diagram of microseismic signals of manual excavation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Fig.28 A waveform diagram of a microseismic signal of mechanical excavation according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0066] Fig.29 A frequency spectrum diagram of a microseismic signal of mechanical excavation according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0067] In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used for the same components. In addition, the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual scale.

[0068] The meanings of the various figure marks in the accompanying drawings are as follows: 1-single cone sensor coupling base; 11-long single cone sensor coupling base; 12-short single cone sensor coupling base; 13-threaded section; 14-nut; 15-cone; 16-nut section; 2-sensor; 3-PVC pipe; 4-PVC pipe cover; 5-adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base; 51-support plate; 52-center threaded hole; 53-corner threaded hole; 54-tail cone; 55-cone with surface embossed mesh pattern; 56-connecting bolt; 57-fixing nut; 6-sensor coupling base combining long single cone and adjustable triangular tail cone; 7-connecting platform flange; 71-center threaded hole; 72-circular groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0070] The prior art (CN111901217A) provides a land-air integrated warning system for key areas based on micro-vibration perception, which belongs to the field of land-air integrated monitoring and warning technology, including: a front sensing system, a land-air integrated warning control terminal system, a video monitoring system, a warning system cloud server, a warning situation display system and an unmanned aerial vehicle system, wherein the front sensing system and the land-air integrated warning control terminal system are bidirectionally connected, the land-air integrated warning control terminal system and the video monitoring system are bidirectionally connected, the land-air integrated warning control terminal system and the warning system cloud server are bidirectionally connected, the land-air integrated warning control terminal system and the warning situation display system are bidirectionally connected, and the warning system cloud server and the unmanned aerial vehicle system are bidirectionally connected. The present invention realizes uninterrupted intelligent monitoring of key areas at all times, reduces the false alarm rate and missed alarm rate of vibration perception, prolongs the effective working time of the entire system in an unmanned state, and solves the problem of locating intrusions.

[0071] The prior art (CN111540149A) provides an intrusion monitoring device and monitoring system for field oil and gas pipelines, which may include: an optical fiber, a laser generating device, the laser generating device sends an optical signal to the optical fiber, an optical coupler, the optical coupler includes a light receiving end and a light emitting end, the light receiving end of the optical coupler receives the optical signal from the optical fiber, an acquisition board, a main control board, and the main control board is electrically connected to the acquisition board. The present invention sends an optical signal to the optical fiber through a laser generating device, and transmits it to a photoelectric conversion device through an optical coupler. The photoelectric conversion device converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and sends it to the acquisition board. The acquisition board transmits the collected signal to the main control board. The main control board identifies the signal and determines whether the monitored oil and gas pipeline is vibrated or damaged, thereby realizing the detection of the pipeline status. In addition, the device is small in size, easy to install, and more suitable for pipeline detection work.

[0072] The prior art (CN205120978U) provides a coupling detector with a hard surface rapid detection function, including a base and a sensor device, wherein the sensor device is arranged inside the base, the top of the base is provided with a connection socket for signal transmission, the bottom of the base is provided with a coupling feeler for contacting the ground surface, and the bottom of the coupling feeler is a spherical structure. The utility model designs the bottom of the coupling feeler to be a spherical structure, and combines the counterweight of the base itself to form pressure on the ground surface, so that the coupling feeler can achieve rapid coupling with various uneven hard surface test surfaces, reduce the adverse effects of the hard surface on elastic wave detection, and improve detection efficiency and accuracy.

[0073] However, the above-mentioned existing technologies do not take into account the various forms of external abnormalities and lack standardized signal simulation and collection processes. They also do not take into account the problems of insufficient sensor coupling and poor signal capture effects under complex terrain and surface medium conditions. As a result, the external abnormality monitoring systems currently on the market cannot fully meet new demands.

[0074] In summary, in order to solve the problems of the current prior art, the present invention proposes a coupled base system, array layout system, and capture and analysis method for sensors for capturing abnormal movement signals around oil and gas facilities, aiming at the problems of "lack of standardized signal simulation and acquisition procedures for various forms of external abnormal movements" and "insufficient sensor coupling and poor signal capture effects under complex terrain and surface medium conditions" in the current use of seismic wave sensors to capture and analyze seismic waves generated by external abnormal movements contacting the surface.

[0075] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the deployment of a sensor coupling base system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0076] At present, the common seismic wave sensors on the market are generally cylindrical and conical in shape. During use, the cylindrical sensor 2 is directly placed on the surface, while the conical sensor is limited to use under surface conditions with soft soil. Therefore, the present invention is mainly aimed at the seismic wave sensor 2 with a cylindrical shape.

[0077] In reality, the surface conditions around oil and gas facilities during oil and gas development are mainly divided into:

[0078] 1. Soil surface, mainly including oil and gas pipelines, valve rooms, oil and gas wells, etc. in plain areas and Sichuan and Chongqing areas;

[0079] 2. Continuous hard surface, including most oil and gas facilities placed after ground hardening;

[0080] 3. Gravel surface, mainly including oil and gas pipelines, oil and gas wells, etc. in most parts of the north.

[0081] In view of the above three surface conditions around oil and gas facilities, the present invention designs a sensor coupling base system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities, which includes: different types of sensor coupling bases adapted to different surface conditions, such as Figure 1 As shown, for soil surface conditions, the sensor coupling base adopts a single cone sensor coupling base 1. For continuous hard surface conditions, the sensor coupling base adopts an adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base 5. For gravel surface conditions, the sensor coupling base adopts a sensor coupling base 6 that combines a long single cone with an adjustable triangular tail cone.

[0082] Figure 2A structural diagram of a single-cone sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0083] For soil surfaces, a single cone sensor coupling base 1 is used. Figure 2 As shown, the single cone sensor coupling base 1 comprises: a threaded section 13, a nut 14, and a cone 15, wherein the threaded section 13 and the cone 15 are integrally formed, the threaded section 13 is used to connect with the sensor 2, the nut 14 is arranged at the tail of the threaded section 13 to increase stability, and the cone 15 is used to be inserted into the ground surface. The cross section 16 of the nut is hexagonal, and a threaded hole used in conjunction with the threaded section 13 is arranged in the middle.

[0084] like Figure 2 As shown, according to the specific properties and thickness of the surface medium, it is determined to select a long single cone sensor coupling base 11 or a short single cone sensor coupling base 12. Specifically, the single cone sensor coupling base 1 is divided into a long single cone sensor coupling base 11 or a short single cone sensor coupling base 12, the cone length of the long single cone sensor coupling base 11 is 150-200 mm, and the cone length of the short single cone sensor coupling base 12 is 80-100 mm.

[0085] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a single-cone sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0086] like Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, a nut 14 is added between the cone 15 and the threaded section 13 to increase stability. The size of the threaded section at the top of the long / short single cone matches the threaded hole of the metal insert at the bottom of the sensor 2. The cone top (thick) diameter of the long single cone sensor coupling base 11 is 16-18 mm, and the tail (thin) diameter is 2-3 mm; the cone top (thick) diameter of the short single cone sensor coupling base 12 is 12-13 mm, and the tail (thin) diameter is 1-2 mm.

[0087] The selection of the long single cone sensor coupling base 11 or the short single cone sensor coupling base 12 mainly depends on the specific properties and thickness of the surface medium. For example, when the surface soil is relatively loose, the long single cone sensor coupling base 11 should be used as much as possible to enhance the sensor coupling degree; when the surface medium is thick, the long single cone sensor coupling base 11 can better improve the surface coupling degree. It should be noted that the thickness of the surface medium should be able to ensure that the cone 15 is fully inserted and the bottom surface of the sensor 2 is in contact with the surface.

[0088] Figure 4(a)-Figure 4(c) A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a single cone sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0089] As shown in FIG. 4( a ), when the external environmental noise is less than the preset noise value, the threaded segment 13 is connected to the threaded hole at the bottom of the sensor 2 , and then the cone 15 is inserted into the ground to ensure that the sensor 2 is level and the bottom surface is in contact with the ground surface.

[0090] When the external environmental noise is greater than or equal to the preset noise value, in order to reduce external interference in the sensor signal acquisition process and improve the acquisition efficiency and quality, the sensor 2 and the single cone sensor coupling base 1 are arranged in a semi-buried manner.

[0091] Under normal conditions, as shown in FIG4(b), a pit with a diameter of 280 to 300 mm and a depth of 150 to 200 mm is dug at a preset point, and the bottom of the pit is leveled. The single cone sensor coupling base 1 is connected to the threaded hole of the sensor bottom 2, and then the cone 15 is inserted into the surface of the pit bottom, ensuring that the sensor 2 is level and the bottom surface is in contact with the surface of the pit bottom.

[0092] When conditions permit, as shown in FIG4(c), first dig a pit with a diameter of 280 to 300 mm and a depth of 200 to 250 mm at a preset point, place a PVC pipe 3 with an inner diameter of about 250 mm in the pit, fill the PVC pipe 3 with soil about 50 mm thick and compact it, then fill the annular space between the PVC pipe 3 and the pit with soil and compact it, and level the bottom of the pit, connect the single cone sensor coupling base 1 with the threaded hole at the bottom of the sensor 2, then insert the cone 15 into the pit bottom surface, ensure that the sensor 2 is level and the bottom surface is in contact with the pit bottom surface, and finally cover the PVC pipe cover 4 to start signal capture.

[0093] Continuous hard ground mainly refers to placing or fixing oil and gas facilities on hardened ground after the ground is hardened to ensure the bearing capacity and flatness of the ground, which is convenient for the safe installation of equipment and later inspection or maintenance. Such ground is generally flat and will not have large ups and downs. Therefore, for continuous hard ground conditions, the adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base 5 is mainly used for ground coupling.

[0094] Figure 5 A structural diagram of an adjustable triangular tail vertebrae sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0095] like Figure 5 As shown, the adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base 5 includes: a support plate 51, which is an equilateral triangle, with a central threaded hole 52 matching the metal insert of the sensor 2 at the center, and a corner threaded hole 53 is respectively provided at the three corners, and the three corner threaded holes 53 are on concentric circles with the central threaded hole 52.

[0096] Figure 6 A structural diagram of a support plate according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0097] like Figure 6 As shown, the support plate 51 is made of a steel plate with a thickness of 20 to 30 mm, processed into an equilateral triangle, and a central threaded hole 52 matching the metal insert of the sensor 2 is arranged at the center position, and corner threaded holes 53 with a diameter of 10 to 11 mm (matching the connecting bolts 56 of the tail vertebrae 54) are arranged at the three corners of the equilateral triangle, and the three corner threaded holes 53 are on a concentric circle with the central threaded hole 52.

[0098] Figure 7 A diagram showing the structure of the coccyx according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0099] The adjustable triangular tail vertebra sensor coupling base 5 comprises three tail vertebrae 54 respectively connected to three corner threaded holes 53. Specifically, Figure 7 As shown, each tail cone 54 is composed of a cone 55 with a surface embossed with a mesh pattern, a connecting bolt 56 and a fixing nut 57, wherein a threaded hole matching the connecting bolt 56 is provided at the center of the cross section of the cone 55.

[0100] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0101] In actual use, Figure 8 As shown, the support plate 51, the cone 55 and the fixing nut 57 are connected by connecting bolts 56, and the level of the support plate 51 is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the three connecting bolts 56 screwed into the support plate 51. After the adjustment is completed, the fixing nut 57 is brought into contact with the support plate 51 and tightened to achieve the fixing effect. Therefore, the adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base 5 can also be used under the condition of continuous hard surface with small undulations on the ground, ensuring that the ground coupling degree is improved under the condition that the sensor 2 is placed horizontally.

[0102] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of an adjustable triangular tail vertebrae sensor coupling base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0103] like Fig. 9 As shown, when the adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base 5 is used to couple the sensor 2 to the ground, suitable connecting bolts 56 are selected to connect the support plate 51 of the adjustable triangular tail cone with the threaded holes on the metal insert at the bottom of the sensor 2. The sensor 2 is then placed on a flat / slightly undulating continuous hard surface. The level of the support plate 51 is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the three connecting bolts 56 screwed into the support plate 51. When the sensor 2 is level, the fixing nut 57 is brought into contact with the support plate 51 and tightened.

[0104] For gravel surfaces, since there are more sand and gravel in the surface medium, the properties are relatively loose, so multiple bases (components) are required to cooperate to complete the surface coupling. For gravel surfaces, a long single cone + adjustable triangular tail cone + connecting platform flange 7 is adopted. Specifically, the sensor coupling base 6 combining a long single cone and an adjustable triangular tail cone is composed of a long single cone sensor coupling base 1, a connecting platform flange 7, and an adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base 5.

[0105] Fig.10 A structural diagram of a connecting platform flange according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0106] like Fig.10 As shown, the connecting platform flange 7 is made of a circular steel plate, and a central threaded hole 71 matching the metal insert is set at the center position of the circular steel plate. At the same time, a circular groove 72 is set on one side of the circular steel plate, and the three cone tips of the fixed triangular tail vertebra and the adjustable triangular tail vertebra can be inserted into the circular groove 72 to ensure free rotation.

[0107] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a connecting platform flange according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0108] like Fig.10 as well as Fig.11 As shown, the connecting platform flange 7 is made of a circular steel plate with a diameter of 110-120 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. A central threaded hole 71 matching the metal insert is set at the center of the circle. At the same time, a circular groove 72 with a center diameter of 80 mm, a width of 2 mm, and a depth of 2 mm is set on one side of the steel plate. The three cone tips of the fixed triangular tail cone and the adjustable triangular tail cone can be inserted into the groove and ensure free rotation. The connecting platform flange 7 is mainly used to cooperate with the single cone and the triangular tail cone, and is used in terrain conditions such as slopes and mountains or gravel soil surface media conditions.

[0109] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a sensor coupling base combining a long single cone and an adjustable triangular tail cone according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0110] like Fig.12 As shown, when the external noise is less than the preset noise value, the threaded section 13 at the end of the long / short single cone is connected to the connecting platform flange 7 during use, and then the cone 15 is inserted into the ground to ensure stability and levelness. The supporting plate 51 of the adjustable triangular tail cone is connected to the threaded hole on the metal insert at the bottom of the sensor 2 using the connecting bolt 56. Then the sensor 2 is placed on the connecting platform flange 7, and the cone tips of the three cones 55 with embossed mesh patterns on the surface are inserted into the circular groove 72. After ensuring that the sensor 2 is level, the fixing nut 57 is in contact with the supporting plate 51 and tightened.

[0111] When the external environmental noise is greater than or equal to the preset noise value, in order to reduce external interference in the sensor signal acquisition process and improve the acquisition efficiency and quality, the sensor 2 and the sensor coupling base 6 combining a long single cone and an adjustable triangular tail cone are arranged in a semi-buried manner.

[0112] Figure 13(a)-Figure 13(b) A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a sensor coupling base combining a long single cone and an adjustable triangular tail cone according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0113] As shown in Figure 13(a), a pit with a diameter of 280-300 mm and a depth of 150-200 mm is dug at a preset point, and the bottom of the pit is leveled. The sensor coupling base 6, which is a combination of a long single cone and an adjustable triangular tail cone, is connected to the threaded hole of the sensor bottom 2, and then the cone 15 is inserted into the surface of the pit bottom to ensure that the sensor 2 is level and the bottom surface is in contact with the surface of the pit bottom.

[0114] When conditions permit, as shown in FIG13( b), first dig a pit with a diameter of 280 to 300 mm and a depth of 200 to 250 mm at a preset point, place a PVC pipe 3 with an inner diameter of about 250 mm in the pit, fill the PVC pipe 3 with soil about 50 mm thick and compact it, then fill the annular space between the PVC pipe 3 and the pit with soil and compact it, and level the bottom of the pit, connect the sensor coupling base 6 that combines a long single cone with an adjustable triangular tail cone with the threaded hole at the bottom of the sensor 2, then insert the cone 15 into the bottom surface of the pit, ensure that the sensor 2 is level and the bottom surface is in contact with the bottom surface of the pit, and finally cover the PVC pipe cover 4 to capture the signal.

[0115] At present, key oil and gas facilities in the oil and gas production process mainly include oil and gas pipelines, oil and gas production wells, treatment and purification equipment, etc. Among them, oil and gas pipelines are mainly located in the wild and there is no clear protection boundary around them, only warning signs, while oil and gas production wells, treatment and purification equipment, etc. are generally located in the factory, surrounded by clear boundaries and walls. Therefore, the present invention analyzes that the external abnormal movement scenes of oil and gas facilities mainly include:

[0116] 1) People walking or running: People walking may be inspectors or outsiders, which is not harmful to the pipeline. However, if outsiders linger around the pipeline for a long time, you need to be alert or check whether there are potential human hazards.

[0117] 2) Manual digging: Farming is digging the ground with a hoe. This behavior has little effect on the pipeline body, but it may damage the insulation layer. Therefore, for this kind of external noise, it is only necessary to collect signals at a close distance.

[0118] 3) Mechanical excavation: Large-scale mechanical excavation is very dangerous to pipelines and can easily cut them directly. Therefore, it is necessary to start early warning at a long distance to give pipeline operation managers more reaction time.

[0119] 4) Mechanical stop and approach.

[0120] According to another aspect of the present invention, a sensor array deployment system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities is also provided, which includes: a capture sensor and a sensor array. The capture sensor is composed of a low-frequency microseismic sensor 2 and a sensor coupling base system. The sensor array is composed of capture sensors.

[0121] Since microseismic signals are generally weak and have a low frequency range, it is necessary to select a high-sensitivity low-frequency microseismic sensor 2. Based on the target signal acquisition requirements, the technical parameters of the three-component microseismic sensor 2 are specified as follows: frequency bandwidth: 1~240HZ; GNSS timing accuracy: + / -10μs; gain accuracy: 0.1% sampling interval: ≤4ms.

[0122] Since the external abnormal movement of oil and gas facilities is usually a process from far to near, and there is generally uncertainty in the action point, different seismic wave sensor arrays (sensor arrays) should be designed according to the action mode and destructiveness of different external abnormal movement scenarios. The sensor array can capture and analyze the abnormal movement signals at different distances and phases, and finally obtain the characteristic parameters, propagation characteristics and energy attenuation laws of the external abnormal movement signals for safety monitoring of oil and gas facilities (abnormal movement pattern recognition and alarm).

[0123] To ensure the continuity and stability of signal acquisition, the spacing between capture sensors is usually a preset interval value (e.g. 5 meters), and the array size (the number of capture sensors in the sensor array) is mainly determined by the action mode and destructiveness of different external abnormal movement scenarios:

[0124] 1) People walking and running: People walking may be inspectors or outsiders, which is not harmful to the pipeline. However, if outsiders linger around the pipeline for a long time, it is necessary to be vigilant or check whether it is a potential human risk factor. Therefore, for external noise such as people walking, it is only necessary to collect signals at a close distance (10 to 20 meters). The acquisition array is arranged in the form of (3 to 5)*(4 to 6) (3 to 5 columns, 4 to 6 capture sensors in each column), such as Fig.14 shown.

[0125] 2) Manual digging: Farming is digging the ground with a hoe. This behavior has little effect on the pipeline body, but it may damage the insulation layer. Therefore, for this kind of external noise, it is only necessary to collect signals from a medium distance (30 to 40 meters). The collection array is arranged in the form of (6 to 8)*(7 to 8) (6 to 8 rows, 7 to 8 capture sensors in each row).

[0126] 3) Mechanical excavation / mechanical stay and approach: Large mechanical excavation is very dangerous to pipelines and can easily break them. Therefore, it is necessary to start warning at a long distance (>60m) to give pipeline operation managers more reaction time. The collection array is arranged in the form of (12-15)*(8-12) (12-15 rows, 8-12 capture sensors per row).

[0127] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities is provided, which is characterized in that abnormal signals are captured by a sensor array deployment system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities, and the abnormal signal capture method includes: deploying capture sensors according to the number of capture sensors in the sensor array so that the capture sensors are coupled to the ground; testing the state of each capture sensor in the sensor array to ensure that the signal collection function of each capture sensor is normal; when abnormalities occur around the oil and gas facilities, the abnormal signals are collected by the capture sensors in the sensor array.

[0128] In one embodiment, when testing the state of each capture sensor in the sensor array, it is necessary to determine the propagation speed of the abnormal signal. Since the propagation speeds of different abnormal signals in the same surface medium are basically the same, in order to reduce the workload while the capture sensor collects the abnormal signal, only the same method is used to complete the propagation speed determination.

[0129] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of speed determination according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0130] like Fig.15 As shown, after determining the surface characteristics, the two capture sensors are coupled with the surface respectively. The straight-line distance between the two capture sensors is 40m. Then, at point No. 1, a red building brick is dropped at a height of 50cm from the ground to ensure that the maximum surface area of ​​the red brick vertically contacts the ground. The time difference between the two capture sensors detecting the signal is recorded. The signal propagation speed is the ratio of the difference in the distance between the two capture sensors and the falling brick ground to the difference in the time of receiving the signal. Then, the signal propagation speed is measured at points 2 to 6 respectively. The average value of the six test results can be used as the signal propagation speed under the surface conditions.

[0131] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of signal excitation point settings according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0132] In one embodiment, when testing the state of each capture sensor in the sensor array, it is necessary to set a signal excitation point to ensure that the signal collection function of each capture sensor is normal. Since there are multiple external abnormal modes around the oil and gas facilities, the excitation method of each abnormal signal is different, but in order to ensure the experimental effect, such as Fig.16 As shown, 5 to 10 signal excitation points need to be set outside the sensor array. The signal excitation points should face the sensor in the middle of the first sensor side line, and the distance from the No. 1 measuring line should be 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m...5x meters respectively.

[0133] The simulation excitation mode of each external abnormal signal is as shown in Table 1:

[0134] Table 1 External abnormal signal excitation method

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] In summary, the process of capturing external abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities is as follows:

[0138] 1) Survey and map the site according to the sensor array arrangement plan, and mark and number the points on the surface where the capture sensors are installed;

[0139] 2) Process the ground surface of the preset points of the capture sensor (detector), remove the harder soil crust on the original surface, and use the RTK measuring instrument to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of each point;

[0140] 3) Use RTK measuring instrument to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the signal excitation point;

[0141] 4) Install the short cone on the detector and insert it into the ground (since the surrounding environment is relatively quiet and the surface medium is relatively homogeneous soil, the sensor is not arranged in a semi-buried manner), ensure that the ground of the detector fits the processed surface, is level and points to the north, and record the point number corresponding to each detector number;

[0142] 5) Turn on the detector and use the quality control software to observe the detector status until all enter the data acquisition state;

[0143] 6) Apply vertical downward pressure at the location where background noise is excited, and select several detectors for status verification to check whether the detector acquisition status is normal;

[0144] 7) Determine the time starting point and ending point of the signal acquisition phase, and continuously and stably excite the background noise signal at the specified background noise excitation position;

[0145] 8) Stop background noise signal excitation and export the data.

[0146] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for analyzing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities is provided, comprising: using a blind source separation method to perform denoising on abnormal signals collected by a method for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities to obtain a noise-reduced abnormal signal. The noise-reduced abnormal signal is sequentially subjected to amplitude extraction, vibration range extraction, and vibration frequency extraction to obtain an abnormal signal analysis result.

[0147] Feature extraction is the first and most important step in pattern recognition. It is necessary to transform the pattern represented in the higher-dimensional measurement space into the pattern represented in the lower-dimensional feature space through transformation. This process is called feature extraction. According to the characteristics of the target seismic signal (abnormal signal), the transformation processing of the abnormal signal is studied to extract the characteristic information reflecting the essential attributes of the target, which provides a sufficient basis for the classification and recognition of the target.

[0148] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of microseismic data recognition according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0149] Blind source separation refers to the process of recovering statistically independent source signals from the mixed signals received by the sensor. During the acquisition of ground array microseismic data, the microseismic event component and the noise interference component are recorded at the same time, and the original microseismic data is a mixture of the event component and the noise interference component. In the subsequent denoising process, only the original monitoring data is known, and the microseismic event component and the noise interference component are unknown. The array microseismic data denoising process is essentially a blind source separation problem. Assuming that the event component and the noise interference component contained in the ground array microseismic data are statistically independent of each other and obey a non-Gaussian distribution, according to the blind source separation theory, take two observation values ​​of a microseismic data or two adjacent microseismic data. After blind source separation processing, the event component and the noise interference component contained in the original data can be separated, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the microseismic data, such as Fig.17 As shown. The basic principle of blind source separation method can be expressed by a mixed mathematical equation:

[0150] X=A (1)

[0151] Wherein: X = [x1, x2, ..., xN]T, which is composed of M observable vectors xi (i = 1, 2, ..., M), i.e., array microseismic data obtained by monitoring at M stations on the ground; S = [s1, s2, ..., sN]T, which is composed of N unknown signal sources si (i = 1, 2, ..., N), including microseismic event components and noise interference components, etc.; A is an M×N order mixing matrix, which represents the mixing relationship between microseismic event components and noise interference components.

[0152] The main idea of ​​the blind source separation denoising method is to construct an N×M order blind source separation matrix B when the mixing matrix A and the unknown signal source si (i = 1, 2, ..., N) are unknown, so that the M observation vectors xi (i = 1, 2, ..., M) can be transformed by the separation matrix B to restore the microseismic event component Y = [y1, y2, ..., yN]T and the noise interference component N = [n1, n2, ..., nN]T as much as possible. Its mathematical expression is:

[0153] Y=BX=BAS (2)

[0154] Objective function and optimization algorithm The array microseismic data denoising algorithm based on blind source separation is an optimization problem. The core algorithm of blind source separation can be summarized into two aspects: one is what kind of objective function to use as the judgment criterion so that the microseismic event component and the noise interference component meet the assumption that they are independent of each other; the other is what kind of optimization algorithm to use to construct the separation matrix and achieve fast and efficient optimal solution of the equation.

[0155] The ground array microseismic data is denoised using the blind source separation method, with the assumption that the microseismic event component and the noise interference component are statistically independent of each other and obey a non-Gaussian distribution. Therefore, the key to determining the objective function is how to evaluate the non-Gaussian nature of each component. When the non-Gaussian nature measure reaches the maximum, it indicates that the microseismic event component and the noise interference component are statistically independent of each other. Negative entropy is used as the judgment criterion. The convergence, stability and effectiveness of the blind source separation algorithm depend on the selected optimization algorithm. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used here to solve the problem of low efficiency in solving the equation. Negative entropy can be regarded as a measure of the non-Gaussian nature of the component. The stronger the non-Gaussian nature of the component, the more independent the microseismic event component and the noise interference component. The mathematical expression of negative entropy J(Y) is:

[0156] J(Y)=H(YGauss)-H(Y) (3)

[0157] Where: Y is a Gauss variable with zero mean and unit variance; Y Gauss is a Gauss random vector with the same covariance as Y; H(Y) is the entropy of signal Y. Usually, the approximate function of negative entropy is used, which can be obtained:

[0158] J(Y)∝[E{G(Y)}-E{G(YGauss)}]2 (4)

[0159] Where: E{·} is the mathematical expectation; G(·) is a non-quadratic function. Considering the mathematical model Y=BX of the blind source separation algorithm, the negative entropy can be approximately expressed as:

[0160] JG(B)∝[E{G(BX)}-E{G(YGauss)}]2 (5)

[0161] Particle swarm optimization is a nonlinear global optimization algorithm that can search for the optimal solution in a complex space. In the n-dimensional search space, there are m particles in total, and the position of the i-th particle is Z i =(z i1 ,z i2 ,...,z in ), whose flight speed is V i =(v i1 ,v i2 ,...,v in ), the optimal position currently searched is P i =(p i1 ,p i2 ,...,p in ), the optimal position currently searched by the entire particle swarm is P g =(p g1 ,p g2 ,...,p gn ), then the mathematical formula for updating the velocity and position of the i-th particle is:

[0162]

[0163] Among them, i = 1, 2, ..., m, s = 1, 2, ..., n. ω is the inertia factor, which is used to describe the influence of the previous generation speed on the current speed. When ω is small, the particle is easy to fall into the local optimum. When ω is large, the particle can jump out of the local extreme value, but the convergence speed is slow. c1 and c2 are acceleration coefficients. c1 is the acceleration weight of the particle itself, representing the particle's learning from its own experience, and c2 is the global acceleration weight, representing the particle's learning from the group experience. r1 and r2 are independent random numbers in the range of 0 to 1, which generally obey the normal distribution, thereby dynamically adjusting the weights of the particle's learning from its own experience and learning from the group experience.

[0164] After the original vibration data is denoised by blind source separation, the amplitude (amplitude feature), vibration range (spatial feature) and vibration frequency (temporal feature) of the noise-reduced abnormal signal are extracted in turn to obtain the abnormal signal analysis results as the feature basis for further analysis:

[0165] (1) Amplitude information reflects the intensity of the behavior. The raw data collected by the system is stored in the memory in a two-dimensional form of space and time, which is convenient for analyzing different intrusion types from the perspective of time and amplitude energy. For example, manual / mechanical excavation has a certain interval in time and the vibration signal is strong, while the excavation machine stays for a long time and the vibration signal is relatively stable.

[0166] (2) The vibration range reflects the spatial distribution information of external anomalies. Different external forces have different impact ranges. For example, the vibration range radius of mechanical excavation is much larger than that of manual excavation.

[0167] (3) The vibration frequency reflects the characteristics of the behavioral cycle. Frequency analysis of the collected raw data found that the vibration frequency varies greatly with different types of external abnormalities.

[0168] The present invention aims to provide a method for capturing and analyzing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities. The method uses a three-component microseismic sensor to collect microseismic signals generated by possible abnormal activities and analyze key parameters to achieve recognition of different external abnormal patterns.

[0169] In view of the current problem of "insufficient sensor coupling and poor signal capture effect" in the use of seismic wave sensors to capture and analyze seismic waves generated by external abnormal movement contacting the surface under complex terrain and surface medium conditions, a series of sensor surface coupling bases and standardized use methods are provided to achieve effective coupling between seismic wave sensors and the surface under surface medium and terrain conditions around common oil and gas facilities, and efficiently and accurately capture seismic wave signals generated by external abnormal movement; in view of the problem of "various forms of external abnormal movement, but lack of standardized signal simulation and acquisition process", a clear arrangement method of seismic wave sensor array and abnormal movement simulation process are proposed for common abnormal movement scenarios around oil and gas facilities, providing standard operating procedures for the collection of relevant signals. Finally, effective monitoring of the external abnormal state of oil and gas facilities is achieved to ensure the safe and stable operation of oil and gas facilities.

[0170] The present invention belongs to the field of safety protection monitoring equipment / tools for oil and gas production equipment and facilities, and can be promoted and applied in the field of safety monitoring of key equipment and facilities such as oil and gas wells and oil and gas storage tanks, and has high economic and technical value. The present invention efficiently and accurately captures seismic wave signals generated by external abnormal movements, and performs characteristic parameters, propagation characteristics and energy attenuation laws, and finally realizes real-time monitoring and early warning of external abnormal movement states of oil and gas facilities.

[0171] The coupling and deployment system and the capture and analysis method of abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities provided by the present invention can also be used in conjunction with a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. The computer program is executed to run a method for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities and a method for analyzing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities.

[0172] A computer program can run computer instructions, which include computer program code. The computer program code may be in source code form, object code form, executable file, or some intermediate form.

[0173] Computer-readable storage media may include: any entity or device that can carry computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc.

[0174] It should be noted that the content contained in computer-readable storage media can be appropriately increased or decreased based on the requirements of legislation and patent practices in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, based on legislation and patent practices, computer-readable storage media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals.

[0175] In one embodiment, the signal propagation velocity of the soil surface is measured using a sensor coupling base system, an array deployment system, and a capture and analysis method for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities proposed in the present invention.

[0176] After connecting the two sensors 2 to the single cone, the cone 15 is inserted into the ground and kept level, ensuring that the bottom surface of the seismic wave sensor 2 is in contact with the soil surface. The two sensors 2 are 40m apart in a straight line. Then, a red brick is dropped at a height of 50cm from the ground at point 1 to ensure that the maximum surface area of ​​the red brick vertically contacts the ground. The time difference between the two sensors 2 detecting the microseismic signal is recorded. The microseismic signal propagation speed is the ratio of the difference in distance between the two sensors 2 and the ground where the brick is dropped to the difference in signal receiving time. Then, the microseismic signal propagation speed is measured at points 2 to 6 respectively, and the average value of the six test results can be used as the propagation speed under the surface conditions.

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] In one embodiment, a sensor coupling base system, an array deployment system, and a capture and analysis method for abnormal signal capture around oil and gas facilities proposed in the present invention are used to measure the continuous hard ground signal propagation speed.

[0180] The seismic wave sensor 2 uses a suitable connecting bolt 56 to connect the support plate 51 of the adjustable triangular tail cone to the bottom, and then the sensor 2 is placed on a flat / slightly undulating continuous hard surface. The support plate 51 is adjusted to be level by adjusting the depth of the three connecting bolts 56 screwed into the support plate 51. When the sensor 2 is level, the fixing nut 57 is brought into contact with the support plate 51 and tightened. The two sensors 2 are 40m apart in a straight line, and then a building red brick is dropped at a height of 50cm from the ground at point No. 1 to ensure that the maximum surface area of ​​the red brick vertically contacts the ground. The time difference between the two sensors 2 detecting the microseismic signal is recorded, and the microseismic signal propagation speed is the ratio of the difference in the distance between the two sensors and the brick-dropping ground to the difference in the time of receiving the signal. Then the microseismic signal propagation speed is measured at points 2 to 6 respectively, and the average value of the six test results can be used as the propagation speed under the surface conditions.

[0181] Measuring point Measuring speed 1 142.1 2 142.8 3 139.6 4 135.7 5 140.2 6 138.7 average value 139.9

[0182] In one embodiment, a sensor coupling base system, an array deployment system, and a capture and analysis method for abnormal signal capture around oil and gas facilities proposed in the present invention are used to capture natural noise on a soil surface in a quiet environment.

[0183]

[0184]

[0185] Analysis shows that the waveform of the natural environmental noise microseismic signal at the test site is relatively random, and the spatial propagation regularity is poor. Fig.18 ( Fig.18 The left picture is the Z component. Fig.18 The middle picture is the X component, Fig.18 The figure on the right shows the Y component. It can be seen that the energy of the natural environmental noise microseismic signal at the test site is very weak (the root mean square energy is only 0.0001), and except for the slightly stronger energy of the Z component below 10 Hz, the energy of the other frequency components is very weak. Fig.19 The spectrum and energy diagram of the natural noise signal at the site are shown.

[0186] In one embodiment, a sensor coupling base system, an array deployment system, and a capture and analysis method for abnormal movement signals captured around oil and gas facilities proposed in the present invention are used to capture abnormal movement signals of people running on a soil surface in a noisy environment.

[0187]

[0188] The movement of people is mainly characterized by surface wave propagation. Fig. 20 ( Fig. 20 The left picture is the Z component. Fig. 20 The middle picture is the X component, Fig. 20 The right figure is the Y component. It can be seen that the waveform oscillation lasts for 296ms, and the time interval between the two landing triggers is about 296ms, which shows an obvious energy attenuation law. The energy of the microseismic signal of personnel running is weak (the root mean square energy is 0.0007), the frequency characteristics are 20-35Hz, and there are multiple characteristic peak frequencies between 40-50Hz. The X component is the strongest around 30Hz, and the Y component is strong around 45Hz. Fig.21 The spectrum of microseismic signals caused by people running is shown.

[0189] In one embodiment, a sensor coupling base system, an array deployment system, and a capture and analysis method for abnormal movement signals around oil and gas facilities proposed in the present invention are used to capture abnormal movement signals of people walking on continuous hard surfaces in a noisy environment.

[0190]

[0191] Depend on Fig. 22 ( Fig. 22 The left picture is the Z component. Fig. 22 The middle picture is the X component, Fig. 22 The right figure is the Y component. It can be seen that the waveform characteristics of walking people are similar to those of running people, but the energy is smaller, the continuous oscillation time is longer than running (436ms), and the time interval between two landing triggers is 548ms; the obvious energy attenuation law can also be seen. The energy of the microseismic signal of walking people is not much different from that of running people (the root mean square energy is 0.0007), and the frequency characteristics are similar to those of running people, but the energy is slightly weaker than that of running people. The main energy distribution is 20-30HZ, and the energy above 40Hz is weak. In this frequency band, the X component is strong. Fig.23 The spectrum of microseismic signals caused by people walking is shown.

[0192] In one embodiment, a sensor coupling base system, an array deployment system, and a capture and analysis method for abnormal signal capture around oil and gas facilities proposed in the present invention are used to capture abnormal signal capture of excavators staying on continuous hard surfaces in a quiet environment.

[0193]

[0194]

[0195] The excavator stay waveform is single and has strong energy. Fig.24 ( Fig.24 The left picture is the Z component. Fig.24 The middle picture is the X component, Fig.24 The right figure is the Y component. It can be seen that there is an obvious energy attenuation feature, with strong near arrays and weak far arrays. The energy of the microseismic signal when the excavator stops is the strongest (RMS energy is 0.04), but there is only a single peak frequency of 36Hz. Fig.25 The spectrum of microseismic signals caused by the stop of excavation machinery is shown.

[0196] In one embodiment, a sensor coupling base system, an array deployment system, and a capture and analysis method for abnormal signal capture around oil and gas facilities proposed in the present invention are used to capture abnormal signals of artificial excavation on a gravel surface in a quiet environment.

[0197]

[0198] Artificial excavation is mainly based on the characteristics of surface wave propagation. Fig.26 ( Fig.26 The left picture is the Z component. Fig.26 The middle picture is the X component, Fig.26 The figure on the right shows the Y component. It can be seen that the waveform oscillation lasts for 814ms, and the time interval between two excavations is about 1382ms, showing an obvious energy attenuation law. The energy of the artificial excavation microseismic signal is strong (the root mean square energy is 0.001), and the three components have two peak frequency characteristics, namely 33.9hz and 45.7hz. The strength relationship of the three components at 33.9hz is: X>Z>Y, and the strength relationship of the three components at 45.7hz is: Y>X>Z. Fig. 27 The spectrogram of manually excavated microseismic signals is shown.

[0199] In one embodiment, a sensor coupling base system, an array deployment system, and a capture and analysis method for abnormal signals captured around oil and gas facilities proposed in the present invention are used to capture abnormal signals of mechanical excavation on gravel surfaces in a noisy environment.

[0200]

[0201] The mechanical excavation wave magnification shows that the sub-wave shape is good, Fig.28 ( Fig.28 The left picture is the Z component. Fig.28 The middle picture is the X component, Fig.28The right figure is the Y component. It can be seen that the oscillation duration is short, and the propagation characteristics of body waves such as reflection waves and diffraction waves can be seen. The compression display can also see various secondary waves such as surface waves. The attenuation characteristics are not obvious within the distance range of 10 to 50 meters. The energy of the natural environmental noise microseismic signal at the test site is very strong (the root mean square energy is 0.004), the frequency band is mainly in the 10-40Hz range, and there are multiple peak frequency characteristics in the three components. In the 20-30Hz frequency band, the energy of the X and Y frequency components is stronger than that of the Z component, and the strongest energy appears at 31.5Hz of the Y component. Fig.29 The spectrum of the microseismic signal of mechanical excavation is shown.

[0202] In summary, the present invention provides a coupling and deployment system, capture and analysis method for abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0203] (1) According to the surface media and terrain conditions around common oil and gas facilities, different ground coupling forms are adopted to improve the surface coupling degree of seismic wave sensors and ensure the continuity and reliability of signal capture;

[0204] (2) Aiming at the common abnormal movement scenarios around oil and gas facilities, a clear arrangement method of seismic wave sensor array and abnormal movement simulation process are proposed to provide a standard operating procedure for the collection of relevant signals.

[0205] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features understood by ordinary technicians in the relevant field. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are only used for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not meant to be limiting.

[0206] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more than two; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0207] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0208] Certain terms are used throughout this application document to indicate specific system components. As those skilled in the art will recognize, different names can usually be used to indicate the same components, so this application document is not intended to distinguish those components that are only different in name but not in function. In this application document, the terms "comprise", "include" and "have" are used in an open form, and therefore should be interpreted as meaning "including but not limited to...". In addition, the terms "substantially", "substantially" or "approximately" that may be used in this article relate to the tolerances of the corresponding terms accepted by the industry. The term "coupling" as may be used in this article includes direct coupling and indirect coupling via other components, elements, circuits, or modules, wherein for indirect coupling, the components, elements, circuits, or modules between them do not change the information of the signal but can adjust its current level, voltage level, and / or power level. Inferred coupling (for example, one of the elements is coupled to another element by inference) includes direct and indirect coupling between two elements in the same way as "coupling".

[0209] The "one embodiment" or "embodiment" mentioned in the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "one embodiment" or "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0210] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0211] Although the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted for facilitating the understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in the present invention, but the patent protection scope of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined in the attached claims.

Claims

1. A sensor coupling base system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities, characterized in that: The coupling base system includes: different types of sensor coupling bases adapted to different surface conditions, wherein for soil surface conditions, the sensor coupling base adopts a single-cone sensor coupling base; for continuous hard surface conditions, the sensor coupling base adopts an adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base; for gravel surface conditions, the sensor coupling base adopts a sensor coupling base combining a long single cone and an adjustable triangular tail cone.

2. The oil and gas facility peripheral abnormal signal capture sensor coupling base system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The single cone sensor coupling base comprises: a threaded segment, a nut, and a vertebral body, wherein the threaded segment and the vertebral body are integrally formed, the threaded segment is used to connect with the sensor, the nut is arranged at the tail of the threaded segment to increase stability, and the vertebral body is used to be inserted into the ground.

3. The oil and gas facility peripheral abnormal signal capture sensor coupling base system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: According to the specific properties and thickness of the surface medium, determine whether to use a long single-cone sensor coupling base or a short single-cone sensor coupling base. The cone length of the long single-cone sensor coupling base is 150-200mm, the cone top diameter is 16-18mm, and the tail end diameter is 2-3mm; the cone length of the short single-cone sensor coupling base is 80-100mm, the cone top diameter is 12-13mm, and the tail end diameter is 1-2mm.

4. A sensor coupling base system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: When the external environmental noise is less than the preset noise value, the threaded section is connected to the threaded hole at the bottom of the sensor, and then the cone is inserted into the ground surface to ensure that the sensor is level and the bottom surface is in contact with the ground surface; When the external environmental noise is greater than or equal to the preset noise value, in order to reduce external interference in the sensor signal acquisition process and improve acquisition efficiency and quality, the sensor and the single-cone sensor coupling base are arranged in a semi-buried manner.

5. A sensor coupling base system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base includes: a support plate, which is an equilateral triangle, with a central threaded hole matching the metal insert of the sensor at the center, and a corner threaded hole respectively arranged at the three corners, and the three corner threaded holes are on concentric circles with the central threaded hole.

6. A sensor coupling base system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base comprises three tail cones respectively connected to three corner threaded holes, each tail cone is composed of a cone with a surface embossed with a pattern, a connecting bolt and a fixing nut, wherein a threaded hole matching the connecting bolt is provided at the center of the cross section of the cone; During actual use, the support plate, the cone and the fixing nut are connected by the connecting bolts, and the level of the support plate is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the three connecting bolts screwed into the support plate. After the adjustment is completed, the fixing nut is brought into contact with the support plate and tightened to achieve a fixing effect.

7. The oil and gas facility peripheral abnormal signal capture sensor coupling base system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: When using the adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base to couple the sensor to the ground, the support plate is connected to the threaded hole on the metal insert at the bottom of the sensor through the connecting bolts, and then the sensor is placed on a flat / slightly undulating continuous hard surface. The level of the support plate is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the three connecting bolts screwed into the support plate. When the sensor is level, the fixing nut is brought into contact with the support plate and tightened.

8. A sensor coupling base system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The sensor coupling base combining the long single cone and the adjustable triangular tail cone is composed of the long single cone sensor coupling base, the connecting platform flange, and the adjustable triangular tail cone sensor coupling base, wherein the connecting platform flange is made of a circular steel plate, and a central threaded hole matching the metal insert is arranged at the center position of the circular steel plate, and a circular groove is arranged on one side of the circular steel plate, and the three cone tips of the fixed triangular tail cone and the adjustable triangular tail cone can be inserted into the circular groove to ensure free rotation.

9. A sensor coupling base system for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: When the external noise is less than the preset noise value, the threaded section at the end of the long / short single cone is connected to the flange of the connecting platform during use, and then the cone is inserted into the ground to ensure stability and levelness. The support plate of the adjustable triangular tail cone is connected to the threaded hole on the metal insert at the bottom of the sensor using the connecting bolts. Then the sensor is placed on the flange of the connecting platform, and the cone tips of the three cones with embossed reticulated patterns are inserted into the circular grooves. After ensuring that the sensor is level, the fixing nut is in contact with the support plate and tightened. When the external environmental noise is greater than or equal to the preset noise value, in order to reduce external interference in the sensor signal acquisition process and improve the acquisition efficiency and quality, the sensor and the sensor coupling base combining the long single cone and the adjustable triangular tail cone are arranged in a semi-buried manner.

10. A sensor array deployment system for capturing abnormal signal around oil and gas facilities, characterized in that: The array layout system comprises: A capture sensor, which is composed of a low-frequency microseismic sensor and a sensor coupling base system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; A sensor array is composed of the capture sensors.

11. A sensor array deployment system for capturing abnormal signal around oil and gas facilities as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that: In the sensor array, the intervals between the capture sensors are preset interval values, and the number of capture sensors in the sensor array is determined by the action mode and destructiveness of different external abnormal motion scenarios.

12. A method for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities, characterized in that: The abnormal signal is captured by the array deployment system according to claim 10 or 11, and the method comprises: Arranging the capture sensors according to the number of capture sensors in the sensor array so that the capture sensors are coupled with the ground; Test the status of each capture sensor in the sensor array to ensure that the signal acquisition function of each capture sensor is normal; When abnormal movement occurs around oil and gas facilities, the abnormal movement signal is collected by the capture sensor in the sensor array.

13. A storage medium, characterized in that: It contains a series of instructions for executing the method steps as claimed in claim 12.

14. A method for analyzing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities, characterized in that: The method comprises: For the abnormal signal collected by the method for capturing abnormal signals around oil and gas facilities as claimed in claim 12, a blind source separation method is used to perform denoising processing to obtain a de-noised abnormal signal; The amplitude extraction, vibration range extraction and vibration frequency extraction are performed on the noise reduction abnormal signal in sequence to obtain an abnormal signal analysis result.

15. A storage medium, characterized in that: It contains a series of instructions for executing the method steps as claimed in claim 14.

Images