Geological observation point automatic pre-generation method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a geological observation point automatic pre-generation method and system, and the method comprises the steps: S1, collecting and preprocessing railway engineering data, regional geographical geological data and environment data, and extracting engineering line information and geological boundary information; s2, according to the intersection relation between the engineering line information and the geological boundary information, preliminarily generating geological observation points, and adjusting and optimizing the positions of the preliminarily generated geological observation points; and S3, acquiring attribute information of the adjusted and optimized geological observation points, and generating a geological observation point table. According to the method, the geological observation points are pre-generated, so that the working efficiency of field geological plotting is improved, and the field working pressure of geological personnel is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering investigation, and in particular to a method and system for automatically pre-generating geological observation points. Background Art

[0002] In the railway engineering and other fields, geological surveys and mapping are required to determine the geological conditions of the site, and point geological information is reflected through geological observation points. The traditional production of observation points requires geological engineers to determine the location of observation points in the field according to geological conditions and engineering settings, and record the location of observation points, topography, topography, lithology and other contents on site, and finally conduct internal sorting. Overall, the workload of field work is huge.

[0003] In order to improve the efficiency of field survey work, CN202310059165.5 discloses a digital engineering geological survey method for collaborative field and field work, and proposes a collaborative survey method for field and field work from the overall workflow; CN202210237933.7 discloses a method for engineering geological survey of mountain roads, and provides an information utilization process for geological drawings. However, none of the prior art clearly defines the pre-generation method of geological observation points, and all on-site geological information still needs to be recorded from scratch during the field observation point recording process. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a method and system for automatically pre-generating geological observation points to solve the problem of low efficiency in producing geological observation points in current field geological surveys and mappings.

[0005] According to the first aspect, an embodiment provides a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points, the method comprising:

[0006] Step S1, collecting and preprocessing railway engineering data, regional geographical geological data and environmental data, and extracting engineering line information and geological boundary information;

[0007] Step S2, preliminarily generating geological observation points according to the intersection relationship between the engineering line information and the geological boundary information, and optimizing the positions of the preliminarily generated geological observation points;

[0008] Step S3, obtaining the attribute information of the optimized geological observation points and generating a geological observation point table.

[0009] Furthermore, the step S1 specifically includes:

[0010] Step S11, data cleaning: selecting geography and geology data related to the project according to the project setting and geography and geology characteristics;

[0011] Step S12, integration of geographical geological data and engineering data: including format conversion, coordinate alignment, and data processing operations.

[0012] Furthermore, the step S12 specifically includes:

[0013] Format conversion: convert all collected data into GIS format;

[0014] Coordinate registration: unify GIS format data into the same coordinate system;

[0015] Data processing: Extract contour lines and roads from the collected topographic map data, and generate digital elevation models and terrain slope maps based on the contour lines; extract geological boundaries based on the collected geological maps, and the geological boundaries include stratigraphic lithology boundaries, fault lines, poor geological boundaries, and special rock and soil boundaries.

[0016] Furthermore, the step S2 specifically includes:

[0017] Step S21, extraction of intersecting elements: on the plane map, the geological boundary and the engineering line layout area intersect to obtain point or line elements, and all intersecting point or line elements are extracted;

[0018] Step S22, generating observation points at the intersecting point elements, the type of the observation points being determined by the type of the intersecting geological boundaries;

[0019] Step S23, generating observation points at the intersecting linear elements, the generating method comprising: generating observation points at the intersection of contours for any intersecting linear element; generating observation points at other positions on the intersecting line by interpolation.

[0020] Furthermore, the step S2 specifically includes:

[0021] Step S24, generating observation points in other engineering areas that do not intersect with the geological boundary, the generating method comprising: determining the neighborhood buffer range of the intersecting area; subtracting the neighborhood buffer range from the engineering line layout area to obtain the range of observation points to be generated; performing spatial interpolation within the range of observation points to be generated to obtain observation points.

[0022] Furthermore, the step S2 specifically includes:

[0023] Step S25, determining a buffer area for each observation point according to a preset radius, calculating the average terrain slope in each buffer area, and retaining only areas with a slope below the average;

[0024] Step S26, calculate the distance between the points in each buffer area and all existing roads, and select the point closest to the road as the optimized observation point position; if the road intersects with the buffer area, select the point on the road in the buffer area that is closest to the original observation point as the optimized observation point position.

[0025] Furthermore, the step S3 specifically includes:

[0026] The attribute information of the geological observation point includes the observation point category, the administrative division location of the observation point, the landform type, the terrain slope, the lithology of the strata, the lithology description and occurrence, the geological structure, the geological structure description and characteristics, the adverse geological type, and the characteristics of the adverse geological type.

[0027] Furthermore, the step S3 specifically includes:

[0028] Generate an observation point list based on observation point attribute information, observation point location information and a pre-created geological observation point table template;

[0029] The geological observation point table template includes the title, observation point number, pre-generated date, observation point geographical location and geological characteristics. The observation point table template reserves the geological profile drawing area and the on-site photo pasting area. The geological characteristics include stratigraphic lithology type and description, geological structure type and description, and adverse geological type and description.

[0030] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0031] Step S4, carry the pre-generated geological observation points in the field work, and supplement or modify the observation point information in the actual mapping process to obtain the final observation point data.

[0032] According to the second aspect, an embodiment provides a system for automatically pre-generating geological observation points, the system comprising:

[0033] Data collection and processing module, used to collect railway engineering data, regional geographical geological data and environmental data and pre-process them, extract engineering line information and geological boundary information;

[0034] The geological observation point generation module is used to preliminarily generate geological observation points according to the intersection relationship between the engineering line information and the geological boundary information, and to optimize the positions of the preliminarily generated geological observation points;

[0035] The geological observation point table generation module is used to obtain the attribute information of the optimized geological observation points and generate a geological observation point table.

[0036] The present application provides a method and system for automatically pre-generating geological observation points, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) In view of the problem of low efficiency in making geological observation points in current field geological surveys, the present invention aims to propose a method for predetermining basic information of geological observation points based on geological data and engineering deployment. With the pre-generated observation point data, in the field survey work, only the pre-generated observation points need to be reviewed, supplemented and modified to complete the record of geological information, which greatly improves the work efficiency of field geological surveys.

[0038] (2) The present invention can solve the problem of difficult map reading in the field: During geological survey and mapping, geologists are required to read geological maps and topographic maps on site. It is difficult to quickly locate and extract geographical geological information from the maps on site. However, by generating geological observation points in advance in the office work, the useful information on the map has been extracted to the observation points, so it is not necessary to read the maps or to read less maps in the field work;

[0039] (3) Improved efficiency in sorting observation points after field work: After field work is completed, all observation point information needs to be vectorized, which is a huge workload for manual input. With pre-generated observation points, in the later process of sorting out internal data, only erroneous information needs to be corrected, without having to sort out the field observation point data from scratch. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 Data collected during a railway engineering survey period in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of geological elements and engineering elements within a survey area in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 The result of extracting intersecting elements in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points, wherein observation points are generated at intersecting point elements;

[0045] Figure 6 Observation points (GCD-2, GCD-3, GCD-4) generated by intersecting linear elements in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 A neighborhood buffer range of an intersection area in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 A range of observation points to be generated in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Fig. 9An observation point obtained by interpolation in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.10 A result of sequential numbering of observation points in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.11 The buffer zone range of each observation point in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Fig.12 An area in each buffer zone where the slope value is less than the evaluation slope in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Fig.13 The position of the observation point after optimization in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Fig.14 An observation point table pre-generated in a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the logical structure of a geological observation point automatic pre-generation system provided for one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention is further described in detail below by specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Wherein similar elements in different embodiments adopt associated similar element numbers. In the following embodiments, many detailed descriptions are for making the present application better understood. However, those skilled in the art can easily recognize that some features can be omitted in different situations, or can be replaced by other elements, materials, methods. In some cases, some operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification, this is to avoid the core part of the present application being overwhelmed by too much description, and for those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to describe these related operations in detail, and they can fully understand the related operations according to the description in the specification and the general technical knowledge in the art.

[0056] In addition, the features, operations or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any appropriate manner to form various implementations. At the same time, the steps or actions in the method description can also be interchanged or adjusted in a manner that is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various sequences in the specification and the drawings are only for the purpose of clearly describing a certain embodiment and are not meant to be a required sequence, unless otherwise specified that a certain sequence must be followed.

[0057] The first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points. Figure 1 Provide detailed explanation.

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S1, railway engineering data, regional geographical geological data and environmental data are collected and pre-processed to extract engineering line information and geological boundary information.

[0059] In this embodiment, geographic data such as topographic maps, remote sensing, oblique photography, and administrative division maps are collected from public channels on the Internet, from designers, owners, and national geological data centers; geological data such as regional geological maps, regional hydrogeological maps, geological disaster distribution maps, and geological data of adjacent areas are collected; engineering data such as project type, project plan, and project scope are collected; and environmental data such as pipeline distribution are collected.

[0060] The above steps specifically include:

[0061] Step S11, data cleaning: select the geographical and geological data related to the project according to the project settings and geographical and geological characteristics.

[0062] Example: During the survey and mapping of railway projects in complex and dangerous mountainous areas, the collected data include line plan, longitudinal section, topographic map (including road information, topographic information), administrative division map, 1:50000 regional geological map, etc. The collected data content is shown in Figure 2 .

[0063] Step S12, integration of geographical geological data and engineering data: including format conversion, coordinate alignment, and data processing operations.

[0064] Format conversion: Unify the data format of various collected data. Since GIS technology helps to extract and display spatial information, the data such as geography, geology, engineering environment, etc. are converted into a unified GIS format.

[0065] For example: the collected route plan, longitudinal section and topographic map are in CAD format, which are converted into shp format (a GIS data format); the collected 1:50000 regional geological map is in mapgis data format, which is converted into shp format; the collected administrative divisions are in shp format and do not need further conversion.

[0066] Coordinate registration: Unify all GIS format data into the same coordinate system. The choice of coordinate system depends on the project needs.

[0067] Example: The above data have different coordinate formats, including projection coordinates and geodetic coordinates, which are uniformly converted into projection coordinates under the 3-degree zone using GIS.

[0068] Data processing: Extract contour lines and roads from the collected topographic map data, and generate digital elevation models and terrain slope maps based on the contour lines; extract geological boundaries such as stratum lithology boundaries, fault lines, poor geological boundaries, and special rock and soil boundaries based on the collected geological maps.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S2, geological observation points are preliminarily generated according to the intersection relationship between the engineering line information and the geological boundary information, and the positions of the preliminarily generated geological observation points are optimized.

[0070] In this embodiment, observation points are generated based on the relationship between the engineering setting and the geological boundary.

[0071] The above steps specifically include:

[0072] Step S21, extraction of intersecting elements: on the plane map, the geological boundary and the engineering line layout area intersect to obtain point or line elements, and all intersecting point or line elements are extracted.

[0073] Example: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, there is a geological boundary line and a bad geological body on the map, and the engineering file is a line (railway engineering is a linear project with a small width. The line width is ignored and the engineering file is simplified to a line). The intersection of the geological boundary line and the line is a point, and the intersection of the bad geological body and the line is a surface. The extracted intersection elements are as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0074] Step S22, generating observation points at the intersecting point elements, the type of observation points is determined by the type of intersecting geological boundaries. The types of intersecting geological boundaries include stratum lithology boundaries, fault boundaries, landslides, collapses, mud-rock flows and other adverse geological boundaries.

[0075] Example: Figure 3 In the example, the line intersects with the geological boundary to obtain a point element, and an observation point GCD-1 is generated at the point element. Assuming that the geological boundary is a lithological boundary, the nature of the observation point is a lithological boundary point. The generated observation point is shown in Figure 5 .

[0076] Step S23, generating observation points at the intersecting linear elements, the generating method includes: for any intersecting linear element, generating observation points at the intersection of the contours; generating observation points at other positions on the intersecting line by interpolation, and the interpolation distance is 100m to 500m.

[0077] Example: Figure 4 In the figure, the line intersects with the bad geological body to obtain a line, and observation points GCD-2 and GCD-3 are generated at both ends of the line, such as Figure 6As shown. Since the line crosses the bad geological body, which has a great impact on the project, observation points are interpolated at a smaller interval in the middle of the line. The total length of the line is 340m, and observation point GCD-4 is interpolated at the midpoint. At this time, the interpolation distance is 170m.

[0078] Step S24, generating observation points in other engineering areas that do not intersect with the geological boundary, the generating method includes: determining the neighborhood buffer range of the intersecting area, the neighborhood buffer range is 100 to 500 meters; subtracting the neighborhood buffer range from the engineering line layout area to obtain the range of observation points to be generated; performing spatial interpolation within the range of observation points to be generated to obtain observation points, and selecting the interpolation distance as 100 to 500 meters.

[0079] Example: 1) Make Figure 4 The neighborhood of the intersecting point elements and the existing elements in the figure is determined according to the complexity of the geological conditions and the importance of the project. The neighborhood radius is 100m, and the neighborhood range is shown in Figure 7 2) Use the line file to subtract the intersection area neighborhood range, and get the result as shown in Figure 8 3) Due to Figure 8 The longest segment of each line is 150m, so 3 observation points are generated with an interpolation distance of 100m, such as Fig. 9 shown.

[0080] The observation points generated in the above steps are numbered in sequence. The numbering rules can be set by yourself. Example: Number from the left to the right in the diagram according to the route direction. The numbering results are shown in Fig. 9 shown.

[0081] Step S25, determining a buffer area for each observation point according to a preset radius, calculating the average terrain slope in each buffer area, and retaining only areas with a slope below the average.

[0082] Specifically, the position of the observation point is optimized according to the terrain slope: a buffer analysis is performed for any geological observation point, with a buffer range of 10 to 50 m, and the average terrain slope within the buffer range is calculated.

[0083] Example: Fig.10 7 observation points are used as buffers, among which observation points GCD-2, GCD-3, GCD-4, and GCD-6 are observation points at the intersection of the geological boundary and the line. The buffer radius is set to 10m. The buffer here should not be too large to prevent the geological boundary from being lost during on-site mapping after fine-tuning the observation point position. The buffer radius of the remaining observation points GCD-1, GCD-5, and GCD-7 is set to 50m. The above three observation points are not on the geological boundary, and fine-tuning the distance does not affect the accuracy of geological boundary mapping. See the buffers of each observation point for details. Fig.11 .

[0084] Calculate the average slope of the terrain in each buffer zone. The average slope is calculated using the area-weighted average method:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, α is the slope of a small area, A i is the area of ​​the small area, A is the total area of ​​the area to be calculated, n is the number of small area divisions, is the average slope.

[0087] Areas below the average slope are shown in Fig.12 In the slope calculation process, make appropriate assumptions, assuming that the slope on the lower side of the figure is small and the slope on the upper side is large, so Fig.12 The area below the average value of the medium slope is the lower range of the map sheet. This range is recorded as area A.

[0088] Step S26, calculate the distance between the points in each buffer area and all existing roads, and select the point closest to the road as the optimized observation point position; if the road intersects with the buffer area, select the point on the road in the buffer area that is closest to the original observation point as the optimized observation point position.

[0089] Specifically, the observation point position is optimized according to the distance from the road: the distance between each point in the area obtained in S25 and all existing roads is calculated, and the point closest to the road is selected as the optimized observation point position. In particular, if the road intersects with the buffer zone, the point on the road in the buffer zone closest to the original observation point is selected as the optimized observation point position.

[0090] Example: Fig.13 As shown in the figure, by calculating the point closest to the existing road in each buffer zone, the optimized observation point position is obtained. The calculation method is as follows:

[0091] 1) If the buffer does not intersect the line, the point in the buffer closest to the line must be on the boundary of the buffer. The boundary of the buffer is regarded as a point set. The shortest distance from any point in the point set to the line is calculated. The point in the point set closest to the line is also the point in the buffer closest to the line.

[0092] 2) The shortest distance from any point in the point set to the line is calculated as follows: a circular buffer is made through the point, with the radius gradually increasing from 0. When the buffer boundary is tangent to the line, the buffer radius is the shortest distance from the point to the line.

[0093] Since the road intersects with the buffer zone formed by GCD-5, the point closest to the original observation point is selected from the two intersection points. Therefore, the optimized position of the point is on the road and closest to the original observation point.

[0094] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S3, the attribute information of the optimized geological observation points is obtained, and a geological observation point table is generated.

[0095] Generation of geological observation point attribute information: The observation point information that needs to be read includes the observation point category, the administrative location of the observation point, the landform type, the terrain slope, the stratum lithology, the lithology description and occurrence, the geological structure, the geological structure description and characteristics, the adverse geological type, the characteristics of the adverse geological type, etc.

[0096] Obtaining the category of observation points: The category of observation points is determined based on the relationship between the observation points and the geological boundary. If the observation point is within a certain buffer zone of the stratum boundary (such as within 100m), it is a stratum boundary point; if the observation point is within the range of poor geology, it is a poor geological observation point, etc.

[0097] Obtaining administrative division location: Based on the administrative district where the observation point is located, GIS technology is used to extract the category of the administrative region to which the observation point belongs.

[0098] By using GIS means (by finding the intersection of the observation point and other elements and assigning the relevant attributes of other elements to the observation point), the terrain slope is obtained from the slope map, and the information such as landform type, stratigraphic lithology, stratigraphic lithology and description, geological structure, structural description, and adverse geology are read from the geological map.

[0099] Pre-generation of geological observation point table: According to the acquired observation point attribute information and observation point location information, apply the observation point table template to generate an observation point list. The geological observation point table template at least contains the title, observation point number, pre-generation date, observation point geographical location, geological characteristics (stratum lithology type and description, geological structure type and description, adverse geology type and description, etc.). The observation point table template reserves the geological profile drawing area and the on-site photo pasting area. The geological characteristic information on the observation point table template may include one or more types such as stratum lithology, water level geology, geological structure, adverse geology, special rock and soil, etc. according to the actual geological conditions. Example: The pre-generated observation point list is as follows: Fig.14 shown.

[0100] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S4, the pre-generated geological observation points are carried in the field work, and the observation point information is supplemented or modified in the actual mapping process to obtain the final observation point data.

[0101] The embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points. The existing geological survey workflow forms geological observation points through field geological survey, while the present invention pre-generates geological observation points before field geological survey, and secondary modifications can be made on the basis of the pre-generated geological observation points during field geological survey. The present invention proposes a technical process for pre-generating geological observation points based on GIS technology, and in the process of pre-generating geological observation points, not only geological elements are considered, but also geographical factors such as terrain slope and distance from roads, so that the pre-generated observation points are highly feasible.

[0102] Corresponding to the above-disclosed method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points, the embodiment of the present invention further discloses a system for automatically pre-generating geological observation points, such as Fig.15 As shown, it specifically includes:

[0103] Data collection and processing module, used to collect railway engineering data, regional geographical geological data and environmental data and pre-process them, extract engineering line information and geological boundary information;

[0104] The geological observation point generation module is used to preliminarily generate geological observation points according to the intersection relationship between the engineering line information and the geological boundary information, and to optimize the positions of the preliminarily generated geological observation points;

[0105] The geological observation point table generation module is used to obtain the attribute information of the optimized geological observation points and generate a geological observation point table.

[0106] It should be noted that for the detailed description of a system for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided in an embodiment of the present invention, reference can be made to the relevant description of a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided in an embodiment of the present application, which will not be repeated here.

[0107] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes: a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store one or more program instructions; the processor is used to run one or more program instructions to execute the steps of a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points as described in any of the above items.

[0108] It should be noted that for the detailed description of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, reference can be made to the relevant description of an automatic pre-generation method for geological observation points provided in an embodiment of the present application, which will not be repeated here.

[0109] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points as described in any of the above items are implemented.

[0110] It should be noted that for the detailed description of a computer-readable storage medium provided in an embodiment of the present invention, reference can be made to the relevant description of a method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points provided in an embodiment of the present application, which will not be repeated here.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the functions of the various methods in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by computer programs. When all or part of the functions in the above-mentioned embodiments are implemented by computer programs, the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium can include: read-only memory, random access memory, disk, optical disk, hard disk, etc., and the program is executed by a computer to implement the above-mentioned functions. For example, the program is stored in the memory of the device, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the above-mentioned functions can be implemented. In addition, when all or part of the functions in the above-mentioned embodiments are implemented by computer programs, the program can also be stored in a storage medium such as a server, another computer, disk, optical disk, flash disk or mobile hard disk, and can be downloaded or copied and saved in the memory of the local device, or the system of the local device is updated, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the functions in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented.

[0112] The above specific examples are used to illustrate the present invention, which is only used to help understand the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, according to the concept of the present invention, some simple deductions, modifications or substitutions can be made.

Claims

1. A method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points, characterized in that: The method comprises: Step S1, collecting and preprocessing railway engineering data, regional geographical geological data and environmental data, and extracting engineering line information and geological boundary information; Step S2, preliminarily generating geological observation points according to the intersection relationship between the engineering line information and the geological boundary information, and optimizing the positions of the preliminarily generated geological observation points; Step S3, obtaining the attribute information of the optimized geological observation points and generating a geological observation point table.

2. A method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes: Step S11, data cleaning: selecting geography and geology data related to the project according to the project setting and geography and geology characteristics; Step S12, integration of geographical geological data and engineering data: including format conversion, coordinate alignment, and data processing operations.

3. A method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S12 specifically includes: Format conversion: convert all collected data into GIS format; Coordinate registration: unify GIS format data into the same coordinate system; Data processing: Extract contour lines and roads from the collected topographic map data, and generate digital elevation models and terrain slope maps based on the contour lines; extract geological boundaries based on the collected geological maps, and the geological boundaries include stratigraphic lithology boundaries, fault lines, poor geological boundaries, and special rock and soil boundaries.

4. A method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes: Step S21, extraction of intersecting elements: on the plane map, the geological boundary and the engineering line layout area intersect to obtain point or line elements, and all intersecting point or line elements are extracted; Step S22, generating observation points at the intersecting point elements, the type of the observation points being determined by the type of the intersecting geological boundaries; Step S23, generating observation points at the intersecting linear elements, the generating method comprising: generating observation points at the intersection of contours for any intersecting linear element; generating observation points at other positions on the intersecting line by interpolation.

5. A method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes: Step S24, generating observation points in other engineering areas that do not intersect with the geological boundary, the generating method comprising: determining the neighborhood buffer range of the intersecting area; subtracting the neighborhood buffer range from the engineering line layout area to obtain the range of observation points to be generated; performing spatial interpolation within the range of observation points to be generated to obtain observation points.

6. A method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes: Step S25, determining a buffer area for each observation point according to a preset radius, calculating the average terrain slope in each buffer area, and retaining only areas with a slope below the average; Step S26, calculate the distance between the points in each buffer area and all existing roads, and select the point closest to the road as the optimized observation point position; if the road intersects with the buffer area, select the point on the road in the buffer area that is closest to the original observation point as the optimized observation point position.

7. A method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically includes: The attribute information of the geological observation point includes the observation point category, the administrative division location of the observation point, the landform type, the terrain slope, the lithology of the strata, the lithology description and occurrence, the geological structure, the geological structure description and characteristics, the adverse geological type, and the characteristics of the adverse geological type.

8. The method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically includes: Generate an observation point list based on observation point attribute information, observation point location information and a pre-created geological observation point table template; The geological observation point table template includes the title, observation point number, pre-generated date, observation point geographical location and geological characteristics. The observation point table template reserves the geological profile drawing area and the on-site photo pasting area. The geological characteristics include stratigraphic lithology type and description, geological structure type and description, and adverse geological type and description.

9. A method for automatically pre-generating geological observation points according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Step S4, carry the pre-generated geological observation points in the field work, and supplement or modify the observation point information in the actual mapping process to obtain the final observation point data.

10. A geological observation point automatic pre-generation system, characterized in that: The system comprises: Data collection and processing module, used to collect railway engineering data, regional geographical geological data and environmental data and pre-process them, extract engineering line information and geological boundary information; The geological observation point generation module is used to preliminarily generate geological observation points according to the intersection relationship between the engineering line information and the geological boundary information, and to optimize the positions of the preliminarily generated geological observation points; The geological observation point table generation module is used to obtain the attribute information of the optimized geological observation points and generate a geological observation point table.

Images