Source-storage-transmission combined planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy planning, and particularly discloses a source-storage-transmission combined planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation, and the method comprises the steps: building a carbon emission responsibility double-layer allocation strategy; based on a carbon emission responsibility double-layer allocation strategy, establishing a source-storage-transmission combined planning model considering carbon emission responsibility allocation; and solving the source-storage-transmission combined planning model considering the carbon responsibility allocation to obtain a system source-storage-network optimal combined planning scheme. According to the method, carbon emission responsibilities are scientifically shared according to the principle of'who causes, who undertakes, who governs and who benefits', the effect of the carbon emission responsibilities in the planning process is effectively considered, an energy storage system is additionally arranged, the system flexibility is improved, and renewable energy consumption is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy planning, and in particular to a source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing. Background Art

[0002] In order to promote the realization of carbon emission reduction targets and the sustainable development of a low-carbon economy, the study of carbon emission responsibility allocation has received widespread attention. Many scholars have focused on studying the optimal operation of new power systems from a "carbon perspective". The literature "Zhou Tianrui, Kang Chongqing, Xu Qianyao, et al. A preliminary study on the theory of carbon emission flow analysis in power systems [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(7): 38-43." and "Zhou Tianrui, Kang Chongqing, Xu Qianyao, et al. A preliminary study on the calculation method of carbon emission flow in power systems [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(11): 44-49." preliminarily constructed a theoretical framework for the analysis of carbon emission flow in power systems, and established a basic calculation method for carbon emission flow in power systems based on the carbon emission flow theory. The original low-carbon research on power systems has mostly focused on the source side. In order to reduce the pressure on the source side, the literature "Zhou Quan, Feng Donghan, Xu Changbao, et al. Comparative study on direct allocation methods of carbon emission responsibilities on the load side [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems. 2015, 39(17): 153-159." shifted the research focus from the power generation side to the demand side. The literature "Liu Zheyuan, Xing Haijun, Cheng Haozhong, et al. Two-layer optimal dispatch of integrated energy system considering carbon emission flow and demand response [J]. High Voltage Technology, 2023, 49(01): 169-178." introduced the carbon emissions of each load into the carbon trading model of the integrated energy system using the Shapley value method, and constructed a comprehensive energy two-layer dispatch model based on price-based demand response. The literature "Chen Zhimeng, Lei Shuya, Wei Renjie, et al. Research on the "positional fairness" user-side carbon responsibility allocation method for dual carbon goals [J / OL]. Power Grid Technology: 1-10 [2024-07-08]" proposes a "positional fairness" user-side carbon responsibility allocation method and establishes a two-layer optimization model of ISO-load side demand response considering carbon responsibility allocation. The literature "Chen Houhe, Mao Wenling, Zhang Rufeng, et al. Power system source-load coordinated low-carbon optimization dispatch based on carbon emission flow theory [J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2021, 49(10): 1-11" proposes a ladder carbon price formulation scheme and establishes a two-stage low-carbon optimization dispatch model for the power system. The literature "Yuan Shulin, Ma Rui. Research on carbon emission allocation model based on power system carbon emission flow theory [J]. Modern Electric Power, 2014, 31(06): 70-75" decomposes the carbon emission structure according to the use of electricity, and proposes a model for defining and allocating carbon emission property rights in the power system. The paper "Yang Mingjie, Hu Yangyu, Qian Haixia, et al. Day-ahead and intraday multi-time scale optimization dispatch of integrated energy distribution network considering carbon emissions [J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2023, 51(05): 96-106" takes the minimum carbon emissions as the goal, establishes a day-ahead optimization model for the integrated energy distribution network, and analyzes the impact of load-side demand response on system operating costs and carbon emissions.

[0003] The above studies on the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities are all based on the carbon emission flow theory. Although the carbon emission flow theory can better track the carbon emission path, it is sometimes difficult to take into account the principle of "who causes, who bears, who governs, and who benefits". Considering fairness, carbon responsibility should not be unilaterally allocated by the power generation side or the load side. The literature "Li Jiang, Fan Yuanzheng, Liu Bo. Source-load low-carbon optimization operation method considering the direct carbon emission carbon responsibility of cement plants [J / OL]. China Electric Power: 1-12 [2024-07-08]", "Chen Lixia, Sun Tao, Zhou Yun, et al. Joint carbon responsibility allocation method for power system generation side and load side [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42 (19): 106-111" proposed a research method for the source and load sides to jointly bear carbon responsibility. Reference "Hao Ting, Fan Xiaochao, Wang Weiqing, et al. Optimal configuration of energy storage considering source-load uncertainty under tiered carbon trading [J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2023, 51(1): 101-112" Based on the carbon responsibility allocation on both sides of the source and the load, a robust energy storage model for tiered carbon trading and time-of-use electricity prices was established. Reference "Bian Xiaoyan, Wu Shan, Zhao Jian, et al. Multi-level flexibility resource planning for a new power system considering carbon responsibility allocation on both sides of the source and the load [J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2024, 44(02): 155-164" Considering the flexibility needs of the power system, the carbon emission responsibility is allocated to both sides of the source and the load, including new energy, and a multi-level flexibility resource planning method considering the carbon emission responsibility on both sides of the source and the load is proposed.

[0004] In addition, in order to ensure the power balance of the power system, absorb renewable energy as much as possible and reduce the overall cost, a large number of studies have started from the "TV angle" to coordinate the planning of the power system. The document "Feng Yi, Ying Zhanfeng, Yan Jianhu. Optimal operation of energy storage devices in multi-energy complementary micro-energy grids considering carbon emission costs [J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2021, 49(8): 92-99" optimizes the charging and discharging strategies of various energy sources and energy storage devices in the micro-energy grid based on the consideration of carbon emission costs. The document "Huang Ying, Liu Baozhu, Wang Kunyu, et al. Joint planning of storage and transmission considering wind power acceptance capacity [J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(05): 1480-1489" analyzes the main factors affecting wind power acceptance capacity and constructs a joint planning model of energy storage and transmission network to improve wind power acceptance capacity. The literature "Zheng Yangwei, Jiang Yuewen, Zhang Jinhui. Optimization of source-storage-transmission joint planning considering long-term and short-term energy storage under high wind power penetration [J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2023, 43(03): 63-71" proposes that long-term and short-term energy storage cooperate with each other to establish a source-storage-transmission joint planning model. The literature "Yang Xiuyu, Mu Gang, Chai Guofeng, et al. Source-storage-grid integrated planning method considering flexible supply and demand balance [J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(09): 3238-3246." In order to meet the needs of safe and economic operation of power systems under high wind power penetration in the future, a series of studies on source-storage-grid planning considering the flexibility needs of power systems are carried out. The literature "Yang Xiuyu, Guo Qi, Liu Xueyuan, et al. Source-storage-grid joint planning method considering the coupling relationship of wind power abandonment events [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47(02): 53-60." Starting from the perspective of time-sharing reuse of energy storage, while configuring energy storage, it solves the problem of wind power abandonment and proposes a source-storage-grid joint planning method considering the coupling relationship of wind power abandonment events. The above research lacks the overall consideration of the "TV perspective" and the "carbon perspective" in the planning process, making it difficult to observe the coupling relationship between the "electricity" and "carbon" behaviors in each link of the planning process.

[0005] In summary, most of the research on the planning of new power systems separates "electricity" and "carbon", and the research on carbon emission responsibility sharing mostly focuses on the sharing between the source and the load. Since the carbon emission responsibility caused by the abandonment of renewable energy cannot be clearly defined, there are few studies that include various stakeholders in the carbon responsibility sharing. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a source-storage-transmission joint planning method that considers the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities, so as to realize the source-storage-transmission joint planning that considers the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities from the perspective of "electricity-carbon". First, a double-layer carbon responsibility allocation rule under the balance of electricity and power is constructed; then the carbon responsibility cost is incorporated into the objective function of the planning model, and a source-storage-grid joint planning model that comprehensively considers the conventional thermal power installed capacity investment cost, energy storage investment cost, wind abandonment penalty cost, transmission line expansion cost, and carbon responsibility cost is constructed, and an iterative solution algorithm for the model is designed to obtain the final planning scheme.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation, the method comprising:

[0009] Establish a two-tier carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy;

[0010] Based on the two-tier carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy, a source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation is established;

[0011] Solving the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation to obtain the optimal joint planning scheme of system source-storage-grid; wherein solving the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation includes:

[0012] Step 1: Input wind power and load data for the target year;

[0013] Step 2: Preliminary allocation of carbon responsibility: Given the planned target year wind power generation and load power consumption, calculate the system carbon emissions under power balance, and allocate paid and unpaid emission quotas to obtain the initial paid carbon emission responsibilities on the load side and the power supply side;

[0014] Step 3: Secondary allocation of carbon responsibility: Based on the given initial conventional thermal power unit capacity increase and the planning boundary conditions of wind power grid connection point transmission capacity, calculate the wind curtailment caused by insufficient peak load regulation in the system when the transmission line has sufficient transmission capacity and there is no line congestion; calculate the wind curtailment caused by transmission congestion in the system when the system has sufficient flexibility and there is no wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation; and determine the allocation of the transmission lines and thermal power units for the increased carbon emissions due to wind curtailment;

[0015] Step 4: Under the given boundary conditions of the newly added capacity of conventional thermal power units and the transmission capacity planning of wind power grid connection points, the total wind curtailment of the system is obtained by coupling the wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation with the wind curtailment due to transmission congestion;

[0016] Step 5: Seek the optimal energy storage configuration under the planning boundary conditions of the new thermal power installed capacity and the wind power grid-connected transmission capacity. Under the constraints of energy storage output, daily clearance, power consumption, and power balance, calculate the investment cost of energy storage devices, the penalty cost of system wind curtailment, and carbon emission reduction rewards through time series simulation, and obtain the optimal energy storage configuration under specific planning boundaries;

[0017] Step 6: Calculate the system comprehensive cost: Calculate the system comprehensive cost including the investment in thermal power units, energy storage equipment, wind power abandonment penalty costs, transmission line expansion investment and carbon emission responsibility reward and penalty costs;

[0018] Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 6 within the feasible candidate domain of newly installed capacity of thermal power units and transmission capacity of wind power grid connection points, traverse the boundaries of wind power grid connection points and newly installed capacity of conventional power sources, until the optimal joint planning scheme of system source-storage-grid is finally obtained.

[0019] Furthermore, a two-tier carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy is established, including:

[0020] The initial carbon emission quota allocated free of charge is obtained based on the power generation of thermal power units. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, C total is the total carbon emissions; C unfree Paid carbon emission quota for the system; C free Free carbon emission quota for the system; Q free is the free quota allocation coefficient; μ coal is the energy carbon emission conversion coefficient; W G is the power generation of thermal power units;

[0023] The paid carbon emission quota and paid carbon emission responsibility cost are calculated by the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, F unfree The system pays for carbon emission responsibility costs; F total is the total cost of carbon emissions; F free For the cost of free carbon emissions; is the unit price of carbon tax in that year;

[0026] Based on the initial allocation of carbon emission responsibility under power balance, determine the carbon emission responsibility costs of thermal power units and the system carbon emission responsibility costs;

[0027] The secondary allocation of carbon emission responsibility based on electricity balance includes the carbon emission responsibility allocation caused by power imbalance and the carbon emission responsibility allocation of energy storage configuration; wherein, the carbon emission responsibility allocation caused by power imbalance is used to determine the carbon emission costs caused by total wind curtailment, insufficient peak-shaving curtailment, and transmission congestion curtailment, and the carbon emission responsibility allocation of energy storage configuration is used to determine the auxiliary rewards for energy storage to absorb wind curtailment.

[0028] Furthermore, based on the initial allocation of carbon emission responsibility under power balance, the carbon emission responsibility costs of thermal power units and the system are determined by the following formula:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, F p_load is the carbon emission cost caused by the net load demand; F G Bear the carbon emission responsibility costs for thermal power units; F-1 W is the carbon responsibility factor of thermal power units; p_load F is the net load demand power; C * It is the system carbon emission responsibility cost under electricity balance.

[0031] Furthermore, the carbon emission responsibility allocation caused by power imbalance and power abandonment includes:

[0032] By coupling the abandoned wind power, the total abandoned wind carbon emission expression can be obtained as follows:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, C w is the carbon emissions caused by the total wind abandonment of the coupled system; C w-Tf The total amount of carbon emissions caused by wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation; P W-i (t) is the wind power abandoned at time t on dispatch day i; C w-Zs C is the carbon emissions caused by wind power curtailment due to transmission congestion; eq The total wind abandonment after coupling is equal to the wind abandonment due to insufficient peak and the wind abandonment due to transmission congestion; P e-i (t) is the abandoned wind power absorbed by the energy storage at time t on dispatch day i;

[0035] Based on formula (4) and the set apportionment strategy, the carbon emissions caused by total wind curtailment, wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving, and wind curtailment due to transmission congestion after the apportionment responsibility is obtained; wherein the set apportionment strategy is: the carbon responsibility caused by wind curtailment due to transmission congestion is borne by the grid side, the carbon responsibility caused by wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving is borne jointly by the source-load side, and the carbon responsibility caused by the overlapping part of wind curtailment due to transmission congestion and wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving is shared by the thermal power units and the grid side; the expression of the carbon emissions caused by total wind curtailment, wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving, and wind curtailment due to transmission congestion after the apportionment responsibility is:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, C eq1 C is the carbon emissions caused by insufficient wind curtailment after the peak load regulation is shared; eq2 The carbon emissions caused by transmission congestion and wind curtailment after the responsibility is shared;

[0038] Based on the carbon emissions caused by total wind curtailment, wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation, and wind curtailment due to transmission congestion after the shared responsibility, the carbon emission cost caused by wind curtailment is calculated using the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, F w is the carbon emission cost caused by total wind curtailment; F eq1 Carbon emission costs caused by wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation; F eq2 The carbon emission cost caused by wind power curtailment due to transmission congestion.

[0041] Furthermore, the energy storage configuration apportions the responsibility for carbon emissions, including:

[0042] Auxiliary rewards are imposed on the carbon emissions reduced by wind curtailment through energy storage; wherein the calculation formula of the auxiliary reward is:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, F e Auxiliary rewards for energy storage to absorb wind curtailment; P E-w To store energy and absorb abandoned wind power.

[0045] Furthermore, a two-tier carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy is established, which also includes:

[0046] Based on the impact analysis of the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost elements, the carbon emission responsibility cost is quantified in the objective function; wherein the elements include the construction of thermal power units, the construction of transmission channels and the unit price of energy storage.

[0047] Furthermore, based on the impact analysis of the carbon emission responsibility apportionment cost element, the carbon emission responsibility cost is quantified in the objective function, including:

[0048] Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility costs on the construction of thermal power units: The construction cost of a unit thermal power unit is calculated by taking into account the ratio of the construction cost of the thermal power unit after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost and the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit:

[0049]

[0050] Where: P gis the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit; β is the carbon responsibility cost coefficient of the newly built thermal power unit; σ g is the original unit thermal power unit construction cost of the system; Δσ g It is the construction cost of a thermal power unit after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost;

[0051] Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility costs on transmission channel construction: The investment per unit length of the line is calculated by taking into account the total investment cost of the line after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost and the ratio of the line length:

[0052]

[0053] Where: C l is the unit price per unit length of the original line l of the system; n l is the number of construction times of line l; L l is the length of line l; Z l is the 0-1 decision variable for investment in line l; Ω line is the set of lines to be selected; ΔC l K is the unit price per unit length of line l after incorporating carbon responsibility cost; line P is the unit power cost per unit length of the line; line-l is the transmission capacity of line l;

[0054] Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility costs on energy storage unit prices: The energy storage unit capacity purchase cost is calculated by taking into account the ratio of energy storage construction costs and configured energy storage capacity after considering carbon emission responsibility costs:

[0055] Δσ Eess =(E ess σ Eess -F e ) / E ess (10)

[0056] Where: E ess To configure the energy storage capacity; Eess is the purchase cost of the original energy storage unit capacity of the system; Δσ Eess To incorporate carbon responsibility costs into the purchase cost of unit capacity of energy storage.

[0057] Furthermore, based on the dual-layer carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy, a source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation is established, including:

[0058] Based on the two-tier carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy, the carbon responsibility allocation cost is converted into the construction unit price of each entity and embedded in the model objective function. The objective function of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation is obtained as follows:

[0059] F N =min(ΔI g +ΔIe +C T +ΔI line ) (11)

[0060] In the formula, F N Considering the system comprehensive cost of carbon emission responsibility allocation, ΔI g The investment of thermal power units after considering the cost of carbon emission responsibility sharing; ΔI e The investment in energy storage equipment after considering the cost sharing of carbon emission responsibility; C T Wind curtailment penalty cost; ΔI line Investment in transmission line expansion after accounting for the cost of carbon emission responsibility sharing;

[0061] ΔI e , ΔI g , C T , ΔI line The calculation formula is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Where: P ess is the energy storage power configuration; pess is the purchase cost of unit power converter; σ T Penalty for unit wind power abandonment; T s is the planning cycle; e-i (t) is the abandoned wind power absorbed by the energy storage at time t within dispatch day i; Δσ Eess The purchase cost of energy storage unit capacity is to incorporate carbon responsibility cost; E ess is the configuration of energy storage capacity; Δσ g P is the construction cost of a thermal power unit after incorporating carbon responsibility cost; g is the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit; n l is the number of construction times of line l; L l is the length of line l; Z l is the 0-1 decision variable for investment in line l; Ω line is the set of lines to be selected; ΔC l P is the unit price per unit length of line l after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; W-i (t) is the system wind power abandoned at time t on dispatch day i;

[0064] Determine the constraints of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model that considers carbon responsibility sharing, the constraints include node power balance constraints, electricity balance constraints, thermal power unit output constraints, DC power flow constraints, energy storage capacity and power constraints, spinning reserve constraints, energy storage system charge state daily clearance constraints, new line constraints and transmission line power transmission constraints.

[0065] Furthermore, the node power balance constraint is expressed as:

[0066]

[0067] Where: P g,h,m (t) is the output power of thermal power unit h at node m at time t; P w,j,m (t) is the output power of wind turbine j at node m at time t; ΔP w,j,m (t) is the abandoned wind power of wind turbine j at node m at time t; P e,m (t) is the output power of the energy storage device at node m at time t; P L,m (t) is the active load of node m at time t;

[0068] The power balance constraint is expressed as:

[0069] W G (Δt)+W w (Δt)+W e (Δt)+W Q (Δt)=W L (Δt) (14)

[0070] Where: W G (Δt) is the power consumption of thermal power unit h during the period of Δt; W w (Δt) is the power of the wind turbine in the Δt period; W e (Δt) is the power of the energy storage device during the Δt period; W Q (Δt) is the amount of wind power abandoned by the wind farm during the Δt period; W L (Δt) is the load power in the Δt period;

[0071] The output constraint of the thermal power unit is expressed as:

[0072]

[0073] Where: P g,h min , P g,h max are the minimum and maximum output values ​​of thermal power unit h respectively; P g,h (t) is the output of thermal power unit h under normal operating conditions at time t;

[0074] The DC power flow constraint is expressed as:

[0075] Bθ(t)=P g (t)+P w (t)-P e (t)-P L (t)-ΔP w (t) (16)

[0076] Where: B is the system node admittance matrix; θ(t) is the node voltage phase angle vector at time t; P g (t) is the output power vector of the thermal power unit at time t; P w (t) is the wind turbine output power vector at time t; P e (t) is the energy storage output power vector at time t; P L (t) is the load power vector at time t; ΔP w (t) is the wind power abandonment vector at time t;

[0077] The energy storage capacity and power constraints are expressed as:

[0078]

[0079] Where: are the minimum values ​​of energy storage charging and discharging power respectively; and are the maximum charge and discharge power respectively; E e min 、E e max are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the energy storage device capacity respectively; E e (t) is the actual capacity of the energy storage device in period t; P e,char (t), P e,dischar (t) is the energy storage charging and discharging power at time t; η char , η dis SOC is the efficiency of energy storage charging and discharging; min , SOC max is the minimum and maximum value of energy storage capacity; SOC(t) is the energy storage capacity at time t;

[0080] The spinning reserve constraint is expressed as:

[0081]

[0082] Where: P g,h (t) is the output power of thermal power unit h at time t; P w,j (t) is the output power of wind farm j at time t; P e,k (t) Charging power of energy storage device k at time t; Ω g is the collection of thermal power units; Ω w is the wind farm collection; Ω e is a collection of energy storage devices; Ω L is the load node set; R max is the maximum spare capacity of the system;

[0083] The energy storage system charge state daily clearing constraint is expressed as:

[0084] δ SOC (0) = δ SOC (24) (22)

[0085] Where: SOC (0),δ SOC (24) represent the charge state at the initial and final moments, respectively;

[0086] The new line constraint is expressed as:

[0087] 0≤ω m ≤N m,max (twenty three)

[0088] Where: m N is the number of new transmission lines connected to node m; m,max is the maximum number of new transmission lines;

[0089] The transmission line power transfer constraint is expressed as:

[0090]

[0091] Where: P ab , P ab max are the actual transmission power and maximum capacity of line (a, b) respectively; x ab 、x ab new are the number of existing directly connected lines and newly built lines of node a and node b respectively.

[0092] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0093] 1) Based on the principle of "whoever causes it, bears the responsibility", a two-tier carbon responsibility allocation strategy is constructed from the perspective of electricity volume and power balance, achieving fair allocation of responsibilities and effective rewards and punishments for free and paid carbon quotas and additional carbon emissions caused by real-time power imbalance;

[0094] 2) A source-storage-grid planning method that takes carbon responsibility sharing into consideration is proposed, which realizes the integration of the "electricity-carbon" perspective, gives certain rewards and punishments from the perspective of carbon emission costs, promotes energy storage investment, reduces the amount of abandoned electricity, and reduces carbon emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0095] Figure 1 A power diagram is shown for wind power abandonment due to insufficient peak load regulation and wind power abandonment due to transmission congestion according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0096] Figure 2 A total wind power abandonment diagram formed by coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0097] Figure 3 A graph showing a trend of unit price changes for construction of a thermal power unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0098] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of unit investment cost of a power transmission channel according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0099] Figure 5 A graph showing a change trend of unit construction cost of energy storage capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0100] Figure 6 A model solving flow chart according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0101] Figure 7 A diagram of an engineering networking topology according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0102] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of node load and 6-node wind power data according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0103] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the coordinated optimization results of the installed capacity of thermal power plants and the capacity of power transmission channels according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0104] Fig.10 A cross-sectional diagram of the planned optimal solution according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0105] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0106] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.

[0107] The embodiment of the present invention provides a source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing. The method includes steps S1 to S3, which are described in detail as follows.

[0108] Step S1, establishing a two-tier carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy.

[0109] In this embodiment, the calculation of carbon emission responsibility first requires the design of a reasonable carbon emission quota allocation plan. At present, the power industry mainly uses the method of free allocation to allocate initial carbon emission quotas, and obtains the free allocation of initial carbon emission quotas based on the power generation of thermal power units. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula, C total is the total carbon emissions; C unfree Paid carbon emission quota for the system; C free Free carbon emission quota for the system; Q free μ is the free quota allocation coefficient. In this embodiment, the free quota allocation coefficient is set to 80% with reference to the EU four-stage carbon quota allocation method; μ coal is the energy carbon emission conversion coefficient; W G The power generation of thermal power units.

[0112] Paid carbon emission quotas and paid carbon emission responsibility costs are obtained by calculating the difference between the total carbon emissions of the system and the free carbon emission quota.

[0113]

[0114] In the formula, F unfree The system pays for carbon emission responsibility costs; F total is the total cost of carbon emissions; F free is the free carbon emission cost; y carbon is the unit price of carbon tax in that year.

[0115] Secondly, the initial allocation of carbon emission responsibility under power balance: ignoring the real-time power balance constraint, only considering the power system power supply and demand balance, carbon emissions all come from thermal power units, that is, carbon emissions generated to meet the net load demand. At this time, following the principle of "whoever causes it, whoever is responsible", a plan is proposed for thermal power units and the load side to jointly bear carbon responsibility. The calculation formula for the carbon emission responsibility cost of thermal power units and the system carbon emission responsibility cost is as follows.

[0116]

[0117] In the formula, F p_load The carbon emission cost caused by the net load demand can be expressed as the total carbon emission cost of the system; F G Bear the carbon emission responsibility costs for thermal power units; F-1 is the carbon responsibility factor of thermal power units, F-1 =0.5; W p_load The net load demand power; It is the system carbon emission responsibility cost under electricity balance.

[0118] Then, a secondary allocation of carbon emission responsibility is carried out under power balance, including the carbon emission responsibility allocation caused by power imbalance and power abandonment and the carbon emission responsibility allocation of energy storage configuration.

[0119] Specifically, for the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities caused by power imbalance and power abandonment, due to the volatility and uncertainty of renewable energy power, there may be insufficient peak regulation and transmission congestion during system operation, resulting in renewable energy power abandonment. This part of power abandonment will increase carbon emissions on top of the power balance allocation. The following is a secondary allocation of carbon emission responsibilities for the case of power abandonment. Here, renewable energy is taken as an example of wind power, which has wind abandonment due to transmission congestion, wind abandonment due to insufficient peak regulation, and total wind abandonment after coupling.

[0120] For wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation, assuming that the system transmission capacity is sufficient and there is no transmission congestion problem, the wind curtailment event caused by insufficient peak load regulation is wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation, and its expression is:

[0121]

[0122] Where P LG-i (t) is the wind power abandoned due to insufficient peak load regulation at time t on dispatch day i; P W-i (t) is the wind power at time t on dispatch day i; P FR-i (t) is the wind power that the system can accept at time t within dispatch day i.

[0123] For wind curtailment due to transmission congestion, assuming that the system is sufficiently flexible and there is no wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation, the wind curtailment event caused by the obstruction of wind power transmission due to delayed grid construction is wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation, and its expression is:

[0124]

[0125] Where P LT-i (t) is the wind power abandoned due to transmission congestion at time t on dispatch day i; P W-i (t) is the wind power at time t on dispatch day i; P L The maximum power transmission capacity for wind power grid connection points.

[0126] For the total wind curtailment after coupling, the above-mentioned wind curtailment event due to insufficient peak load regulation is coupled with the wind curtailment event due to transmission congestion to obtain the total wind curtailment of the system. The union of the two wind curtailment events is taken, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0127] P LW-i (t) = P LG-i (t)∪P LT-i (t)(A3)

[0128] Where P LW-i (t) is the total wind power abandoned at time t on dispatch day i.

[0129] Combining equations (A1) and (A2), the total wind curtailment formula of the system can be specifically expressed as:

[0130]

[0131] The schematic diagram of total wind curtailment formed by each wind curtailment sequence and coupling is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0132] By coupling the abandoned wind power, the total abandoned wind carbon emission expression can be obtained as follows:

[0133]

[0134] In the formula, C w The carbon emissions caused by wind abandonment after coupling; C w-Tf is the total carbon emissions caused by insufficient peak load regulation in the total wind curtailment after coupling; P LW-i C is the wind curtailment at time t within dispatch day i; w-Zs C is the carbon emission caused by transmission congestion in the total wind curtailment after coupling; eq The total wind abandonment after coupling is equal to the wind abandonment due to insufficient peak and the wind abandonment due to transmission congestion; P e-i (t) is the abandoned wind power absorbed by the energy storage at time t within dispatch day i.

[0135] The reason for wind curtailment due to transmission congestion is the delayed construction of the power grid, which has caused additional carbon emissions. According to the principle of "whoever causes it, whoever bears it", the carbon responsibility for this part of wind curtailment is borne by the grid side. The reason for wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation is the insufficient peak load regulation capacity of conventional units. The carbon responsibility for this part of wind curtailment is borne jointly by the source-load side. There is an overlap between the two types of wind curtailment, and this part of carbon emissions is shared by thermal power units and the grid side. The carbon emission expressions of the two types of wind curtailment and total wind curtailment after processing are:

[0136]

[0137] In the formula, C eq1 C is the carbon emissions caused by insufficient wind curtailment after the peak load regulation is shared; eq2 It is the carbon emissions caused by transmission congestion and wind curtailment after the responsibility is shared.

[0138] The carbon emission cost caused by wind curtailment is expressed as:

[0139]

[0140] In the formula, F w is the carbon emission cost caused by total wind curtailment; F eq1 Carbon emission costs caused by wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation; F eq2 The carbon emission cost caused by wind power curtailment due to transmission congestion.

[0141] Regarding the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities by energy storage configuration, energy storage configuration can promote the consumption of renewable energy and reduce system carbon emissions. Therefore, certain auxiliary rewards should be imposed on the carbon emissions reduced by wind curtailment absorbed by energy storage. The specific expression is:

[0142]

[0143] In the formula, F e Auxiliary rewards for energy storage to absorb wind curtailment; P E-w To store energy and absorb abandoned wind power.

[0144] Finally, the impact of carbon emission responsibility sharing costs on each element is analyzed. Incorporating the carbon emission responsibility costs that each stakeholder needs to bear into the unit price of each entity can quantify the carbon emission responsibility costs in the objective function and more intuitively observe the impact of carbon emission responsibility on each link in the planning.

[0145] Among them, the impact analysis of carbon emission responsibility sharing costs on various elements includes:

[0146] 1) Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility costs on thermal power unit construction

[0147] The unit construction cost of thermal power units is calculated by the ratio of the construction cost of thermal power units after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the capacity of the newly built thermal power units. The expression is:

[0148]

[0149] Where: P g is the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit; β is the carbon responsibility cost coefficient of the newly built thermal power unit (calculated by the ratio of the newly built unit to the total amount of thermal power units); σ g is the original unit thermal power unit construction cost of the system; Δσ g It is the construction cost per thermal power unit after incorporating carbon responsibility costs.

[0150] Assuming that the grid side is planned according to the wind power installed capacity and there is no transmission congestion, the unit price change of thermal power units after the system carbon emission responsibility cost is incorporated is analyzed. Figure 3 shown.

[0151] Figure 1 The black curve in the middle is the trend of the unit price of thermal power unit construction, which is a decreasing curve, and the red straight line is the original unit price of thermal power unit construction. It can be seen that as the number of thermal power units decreases, the peak load shortage and wind curtailment decrease, and the unit price of thermal power unit construction decreases accordingly, and gradually approaches the original construction cost.

[0152] 2) Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility costs on transmission channel construction

[0153] The investment per unit length of the line is calculated by the ratio of the total investment cost of the line after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the line length, and the expression is:

[0154]

[0155] Where: C l is the unit price per unit length of the original line l of the system; n l is the number of construction times of line l; L l is the length of line l; Z l is the 0-1 decision variable for investment in line l; Ω line is the set of lines to be selected; ΔC l K is the unit price per unit length of line l after incorporating carbon responsibility cost; line P is the unit power cost per unit length of the line; line-l is the transmission capacity of line l.

[0156] Assuming that the system flexibility is sufficient and there is no shortage of peak load regulation, the changes in unit investment in the transmission channel after the system carbon emission responsibility cost is incorporated are analyzed, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0157] Figure 2 The black curve in the middle is the trend of the unit construction cost of the transmission line, which is a curve that decreases and then gradually approaches a value. The red straight line is the original unit construction price of the transmission line. It can be seen that as the capacity of the transmission channel increases, the transmission congestion and wind power abandonment gradually decrease, and the unit transmission line investment cost decreases accordingly.

[0158] 3) Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility costs on energy storage unit prices

[0159] The unit capacity purchase cost of energy storage is calculated by the ratio of the energy storage construction cost after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the configured energy storage capacity, and the expression is:

[0160] Δσ Eess =(E ess σ Eess -F e ) / σ Eess (10)

[0161] Where: E ess To configure the energy storage capacity; Eess is the purchase cost of the original energy storage unit capacity of the system; Δσ Eess To incorporate carbon responsibility costs into the purchase cost of unit capacity of energy storage.

[0162] The installed capacity of thermal power plants and transmission channels remain unchanged, and the unit price trend of energy storage after the system carbon emission responsibility cost is incorporated is analyzed, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0163] Figure 5 The red curve in the middle is the trend of the unit construction cost of energy storage capacity, which is an increasing curve, but is less than the original unit cost of 600,000 yuan. It can be seen that as the energy storage capacity configuration changes, the smaller the wind curtailment absorbed by energy storage, the smaller the energy storage reward, and the unit construction cost of energy storage capacity increases accordingly.

[0164] Step S2, based on the two-tier carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy, establish a source-storage-transmission joint planning model that takes carbon responsibility allocation into consideration.

[0165] In this embodiment, starting from the "carbon perspective", considering the carbon emission responsibility allocation, the power system carbon responsibility allocation and calculation rules are established. On the basis of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model, the carbon responsibility allocation cost is converted into the construction unit price of each entity and embedded in the model objective function. First, the basic model is modified, as shown in formula (11).

[0166] F N =min(ΔI g +ΔI e +C T +ΔI line ) (11)

[0167] Where: ΔI g The investment of thermal power units after considering the cost of carbon emission responsibility sharing; ΔI e The investment in energy storage equipment after considering the cost sharing of carbon emission responsibility; C T Wind curtailment penalty cost; ΔI line This is the investment in transmission line expansion after considering the cost of carbon emission responsibility sharing. The specific calculation formulas are as follows.

[0168]

[0169] Where: P ess is the energy storage power configuration; pess is the purchase cost of unit power converter; σ T Penalty for abandoned wind power per unit; T s For the planning cycle.

[0170] The constraints of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation include:

[0171] 1) Node power balance constraints:

[0172]

[0173] Where: P g,h,m (t) is the output power of thermal power unit h at node m at time t; P w,j,m (t) is the output power of wind turbine j at node m at time t; ΔP w,j,m(t) is the abandoned wind power of wind turbine j at node m at time t; P e,m (t) is the output power of the energy storage device at node m at time t; P L,m (t) is the active load of node m at time t.

[0174] 2) Power balance constraints:

[0175] W G (Δt)+W w (Δt)+W e (Δt)+W Q (Δt)=W L (Δt) (14)

[0176] Where: W G (Δt) is the power consumption of thermal power unit h during the period of Δt; W w (Δt) is the power of the wind turbine in the Δt period; W e (Δt) is the power of the energy storage device during the Δt period; W Q (Δt) is the amount of wind power abandoned by the wind farm during the Δt period; W L (Δt) is the load power within the Δt period.

[0177] 3) Output constraints of thermal power units:

[0178]

[0179] Where: P g,h min , P g,h max are the minimum and maximum output values ​​of thermal power unit h respectively; P g,h (t) is the output of thermal power unit h under normal operating conditions at time t.

[0180] 4) DC power flow constraints:

[0181] Bθ(t)=P g (t)+P w (t)-P e (t)-P L (t)-ΔP w (t) (16)

[0182] Where: B is the system node admittance matrix; θ(t) is the node voltage phase angle vector at time t; P g (t) is the output power vector of the thermal power unit at time t; P w (t) is the wind turbine output power vector at time t; P e (t) is the energy storage output power vector at time t; P L (t) is the load power vector at time t. ΔPw (t) is the wind power abandonment vector at time t.

[0183] 5) Energy storage capacity and power constraints:

[0184]

[0185] E e (t) = E e (t-1)+

[0186] (P e,char (t)·η char -P e,dischar (t) / η dis )Δt(19)

[0187] SOC min ≤SOC(t)≤SOC max (20)

[0188] Where: P e,char min , P e,dischar min are the minimum value of energy storage charging and discharging power respectively; P e,char max P e,dischar max are the maximum charge and discharge power respectively; E e min 、E e max are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the energy storage device capacity respectively; E e (t) is the actual capacity of the energy storage device in period t; P e,char (t), P e,dischar (t) is the energy storage charging and discharging power at time t; η char , η dis SOC is the energy storage charging and discharging efficiency; min、 SOC max are the minimum and maximum energy storage capacity; SOC(t) is the energy storage capacity at time t.

[0189] 6) Spinning reserve constraints:

[0190]

[0191] Where: P g,h (t) is the output power of thermal power unit h at time t; P w,j (t) is the output power of wind farm j at time t; P e,k (t) Charging power of energy storage device k at time t; Ω g is the collection of thermal power units; Ω w is the wind farm collection; Ωe is a collection of energy storage devices; Ω L is the load node set; R max It is the maximum spare capacity of the system.

[0192] 7) Daily constraints on the state of charge of the energy storage system:

[0193] δ SOC (0) = δ SOC (24) (22)

[0194] Where: SOC (0),δ SOC (24) represent the charge state at the initial and final moments, respectively.

[0195] 8) New line constraints:

[0196] 0≤ω m ≤N m,max (twenty three)

[0197] Where: m N is the number of new transmission lines connected to node m; m,max is the maximum number of new transmission lines.

[0198] 9) Transmission line power transmission constraints:

[0199]

[0200] Where: P ab , P ab max are the actual transmission power and maximum capacity of line (a, b) respectively; x ab 、x ab new are the number of existing directly connected lines and newly built lines of node a and node b respectively.

[0201] Step S3, solving the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing to obtain the optimal joint planning scheme of the system source-storage-grid.

[0202] In the planning process of this embodiment, the installed capacity of thermal power units is reduced by a step size of 20MW, and the capacity of wind power transmission channels is reduced by a step size of 100MW, so as to obtain wind curtailment due to transmission congestion and wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation under different conditions. Then, the two wind curtailment conditions are coupled using formula (A4) to obtain the total wind curtailment, and energy storage configuration is performed. On this basis, the total investment, energy storage configuration, installed capacity of thermal power units and transmission capacity are coordinated and optimized, the planning boundary is perturbed and the above steps are repeated, and the enumeration method is used to obtain the source-storage-transmission planning scheme with the lowest final total investment cost. The specific flow chart is as follows: Figure 6 As shown in Figure 2, the solution process includes the following six steps:

[0203] Step 1: Input the wind power and load data for the planned target year to obtain the carbon emissions when the electricity is balanced, allocate the initial carbon emission quota for the system based on the load demand and the coal burning of the units, and give the conventional power supply and initial grid topology.

[0204] Step 2: Assuming that the transmission line has sufficient transmission capacity and there is no line congestion problem, use formula (A1) to calculate the system peak load insufficient wind curtailment; assuming that the system flexibility is sufficient and there is no peak load insufficient wind curtailment, use formula (A2) to calculate the system transmission congestion wind curtailment.

[0205] Step 3: Use equations (A3) and (A4) to couple the wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation with the wind curtailment due to transmission congestion to obtain the total wind curtailment of the system.

[0206] Step 4: Seek the optimal energy storage configuration under the boundary conditions of thermal power installed capacity and wind power grid connection point planning. After time series simulation, under the constraints of energy storage output constraints, daily clearance constraints, electricity constraints, power balance constraints, etc., obtain the paid carbon quota under different energy storage configurations and confirm different system carbon responsibility sharing situations.

[0207] Step 5: Calculate the system comprehensive cost including investment in thermal power units, energy storage equipment investment, wind power abandonment penalty cost, transmission line expansion investment and carbon emission responsibility reward and penalty cost. Then, traverse the energy storage configuration calculation to finally get the optimal configuration of energy storage.

[0208] Step 6: Within the feasible domain of thermal power installed capacity and wind power grid-connected point transmission capacity, consider the transmission line expansion constraints, power transmission constraints and conventional unit output constraints, traverse the wind power grid-connected point boundaries and conventional power window capacity, repeat steps 2 to 5, until the optimal joint planning scheme of system source-storage-grid is finally obtained.

[0209] The present embodiment below will give a specific calculation example to further illustrate the feasibility and feasibility of the present invention.

[0210] This example analyzes a power transmission project in a certain area of ​​Northeast China. Figure 7 , the annual load changes are shown in Figure 8 The specific parameters used in the example are shown in Table 1.

[0211] Table 1 Basic parameters of calculation example

[0212]

[0213]

[0214] In order to verify the effectiveness of the source-storage-grid planning method considering carbon responsibility allocation proposed in this paper, two planning methods A and B are used for comparative analysis. The planning comparison results are shown in Table 2. Among them:

[0215] Method A: The carbon responsibility cost is borne only by thermal power units, and source-storage-grid planning is carried out for the system.

[0216] Method B: Source-storage-grid planning method considering carbon responsibility allocation (i.e. the method proposed in the present invention).

[0217] Table 2 Comparison of planning results between methods A and B

[0218]

[0219] As shown in Table 2, the second number in the bracket is the carbon emission responsibility cost that each part needs to bear after the secondary allocation of carbon emission responsibility, which is calculated by the newly built part of each entity and the unit price increase. During the planning process, the configuration of energy storage participated in the consumption of carbon emissions and gave certain auxiliary rewards, so the carbon emission responsibility cost of energy storage configuration is negative. The method proposed in the present invention (method B) allocates all carbon emission responsibilities borne by thermal power units to the transmission channel and the system peak load on the basis of considering the power balance. After the peak load regulation is insufficient, the peak load regulation effect of energy storage is used to effectively reduce the abandoned wind power by 3.03×10 4 MW·h, while enabling it to obtain the benefits of reducing carbon emissions and reducing the investment cost of energy storage. The method in this paper promotes the configuration of energy storage, and further allows energy storage to play a role in reducing wind curtailment. By comparing methods A and B in Table 2, it can be found that the total investment cost of the planning scheme given by the method proposed in this invention is lower. Due to the increase in energy storage capacity, the capacity of thermal power units and transmission channels are correspondingly reduced. The planned capacity of thermal power units is reduced by 786MW, the capacity of transmission channels is reduced by 100MW, the economy of the system and the utilization rate of transmission channels are improved, the energy storage capacity is configured by 2360.39MW·h more than method A, the power is configured by 378.73MW more, and the wind curtailment rate is reduced from the original 3.83% to 0.19%, which significantly increases the flexibility of the system. At the same time, the increase in energy storage capacity has reduced the overall carbon responsibility cost of method B by 38 million yuan. The energy storage configured by the method in this paper not only increases the flexibility of the system, but also improves the energy storage efficiency and economy of the system (source side and grid side).

[0220] The unit prices of each subject after planning in Method B are shown in Table 3. The coordination optimization process is shown in Fig. 9 .

[0221] Table 3 Impact of carbon emission responsibility on entities

[0222]

[0223] Due to the congestion of transmission channels, transmission lines bear certain carbon emission responsibilities, so the unit price of construction has increased. In the planning process, energy storage is configured to participate in the consumption of carbon emissions, and certain auxiliary rewards are given. The unit price of energy storage construction has been reduced accordingly, which has promoted the construction of energy storage to a certain extent. Since thermal power units are responsible for power generation, they need to meet the balance of supply and demand. The increase in energy storage capacity reduces the demand for thermal power units, so the unit price of thermal power units has been reduced accordingly.

[0224] Fig. 9 In the figure, the five-pointed star is the optimal solution position for the source-storage-grid joint planning. The optimal solution cross-section diagram is shown in Fig.10 shown.

[0225] Fig.10 In (a), the curve represents the optimization curve between the installed capacity of thermal power plants and the total cost, which is a concave curve. The reduction of the installed capacity of thermal power plants reduces the peak load, wind curtailment and carbon responsibility costs. At this time, the total cost decreases with the reduction of the installed capacity of thermal power plants. When the installed capacity is reduced to the point where it cannot meet the power balance constraint, the energy storage configuration begins to increase. At this time, the energy storage cost becomes the dominant factor in the total cost, so the total investment cost gradually increases.

[0226] Fig.10 In (b), the curve represents the relationship between the capacity of the transmission channel and the total cost, which is a concave curve. In the process of the transmission channel capacity planning from large to small, the investment cost of the transmission line decreases, which is the dominant factor in the early stage, and the total cost decreases accordingly. As the capacity of the transmission channel continues to decrease, the transmission congestion and wind abandonment increase, and energy storage configuration is required. At this time, the energy storage construction cost and the wind abandonment penalty cost are the dominant factors of the total cost. The total cost first decreases and then increases with the change of the transmission line channel capacity.

[0227] From the above results, it can be seen that the planning method proposed in the present invention can effectively reduce the carbon emissions of the system, and the configuration of the energy storage system improves the flexibility of the system.

[0228] In summary, the present invention analyzes the carbon emissions caused by the behaviors of various entities in the power system from a "carbon perspective", constructs a two-layer carbon responsibility allocation strategy based on electricity and power balance, and proposes a source-storage-grid planning method that considers carbon responsibility allocation. The beneficial effects are as follows:

[0229] 1) Based on the principle of "whoever causes it, bears the responsibility", a two-tier carbon responsibility allocation rule is established from the perspective of electricity volume and power balance, achieving fair allocation of responsibilities and effective rewards and punishments for free and paid carbon quotas and additional carbon emissions caused by real-time power imbalance;

[0230] 2) A source-storage-grid planning method considering carbon responsibility sharing is proposed, which realizes the integration of the "electricity-carbon" perspective, gives certain rewards and penalties from the perspective of carbon emission costs, promotes energy storage investment, reduces the amount of abandoned electricity, and reduces carbon emissions. Compared with method A, this method reduces the amount of abandoned wind power by 3.03×10 4 MW·h, which improves the utilization rate of wind power, reduces carbon emissions, and reduces carbon emission costs.

[0231] The above implementation modes are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention. The patent protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation, characterized in that: The method comprises: Establish a two-tier carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy; Based on the two-tier carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy, a source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation is established; Solving the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation to obtain the optimal joint planning scheme of system source-storage-grid; wherein solving the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation includes: Step 1: Input wind power and load data for the target year; Step 2: Preliminary allocation of carbon responsibility: Given the planned target year wind power generation and load power consumption, calculate the system carbon emissions under power balance, and allocate paid and unpaid emission quotas to obtain the initial paid carbon emission responsibilities on the load side and the power supply side; Step 3: Secondary allocation of carbon responsibility: Based on the given initial conventional thermal power unit capacity increase and the planning boundary conditions of wind power grid connection point transmission capacity, calculate the wind curtailment caused by insufficient peak load regulation in the system when the transmission line has sufficient transmission capacity and there is no line congestion; calculate the wind curtailment caused by transmission congestion in the system when the system has sufficient flexibility and there is no wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation; and determine the allocation of the transmission lines and thermal power units for the increased carbon emissions due to wind curtailment; Step 4: Under the given boundary conditions of the newly added capacity of conventional thermal power units and the transmission capacity planning of wind power grid connection points, the total wind curtailment of the system is obtained by coupling the wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation with the wind curtailment due to transmission congestion; Step 5: Seek the optimal energy storage configuration under the planning boundary conditions of the new thermal power installed capacity and the wind power grid-connected transmission capacity. Under the constraints of energy storage output, daily clearance, power consumption, and power balance, calculate the investment cost of energy storage devices, the penalty cost of system wind curtailment, and carbon emission reduction rewards through time series simulation, and obtain the optimal energy storage configuration under specific planning boundaries; Step 6: Calculate the system comprehensive cost: Calculate the system comprehensive cost including the investment in thermal power units, energy storage equipment, wind power abandonment penalty costs, transmission line expansion investment and carbon emission responsibility reward and penalty costs; Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 6 within the feasible candidate domain of newly installed capacity of thermal power units and transmission capacity of wind power grid connection points, traverse the boundaries of wind power grid connection points and newly installed capacity of conventional power sources, until the optimal joint planning scheme of system source-storage-grid is finally obtained.

2. The source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Establish a two-tier carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy, including: The initial carbon emission quota allocated free of charge is obtained based on the power generation of thermal power units. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, C total is the total carbon emissions; C unfree Paid carbon emission quota for the system; C free Free carbon emission quota for the system; Q free is the free quota allocation coefficient; μ coal is the energy carbon emission conversion coefficient; W G is the power generation of thermal power units; The paid carbon emission quota and paid carbon emission responsibility cost are calculated by the following formula: In the formula, F unfree The system pays for carbon emission responsibility costs; F total is the total cost of carbon emissions; F free For the cost of free carbon emissions; is the unit price of carbon tax in that year; Based on the initial allocation of carbon emission responsibility under power balance, determine the carbon emission responsibility costs of thermal power units and the system carbon emission responsibility costs; The secondary allocation of carbon emission responsibility based on electricity balance includes the carbon emission responsibility allocation caused by power imbalance and the corresponding reward for carbon emission reduction due to energy storage configuration; wherein, the carbon emission responsibility allocation caused by power imbalance is used to determine the carbon emission costs caused by total wind curtailment, insufficient peak-shaving curtailment, and transmission congestion curtailment, and the carbon emission reduction reward for energy storage configuration is used to determine the auxiliary reward for energy storage to absorb wind curtailment.

3. The source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Based on the initial allocation of carbon emission responsibility under power balance, the carbon emission responsibility costs of thermal power units and the system are determined by the following formula: In the formula, F p_load is the carbon emission cost caused by the net load demand; F G Bear the carbon emission responsibility costs for thermal power units; F-1 W is the carbon responsibility factor of thermal power units; p_load The net load demand power; It is the system carbon emission responsibility cost under electricity balance.

4. The source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The carbon emission responsibility allocation caused by power imbalance and power curtailment includes: The system wind power abandonment is obtained by coupling the wind power abandonment due to insufficient peak load regulation with the wind power abandonment due to transmission congestion. Then, the carbon emission expression caused by the total wind power abandonment can be obtained as follows: In the formula, C w is the carbon emissions caused by the total wind abandonment of the coupled system; C w-Tf The total amount of carbon emissions caused by wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation; P W-i (t) is the wind power abandoned at time t on dispatch day i; C w-Zs C is the carbon emissions caused by wind power curtailment due to transmission congestion; eq The total wind abandonment after coupling is equal to the wind abandonment due to insufficient peak and the wind abandonment due to transmission congestion; P e-i (t) is the abandoned wind power absorbed by the energy storage at time t on dispatch day i; Based on formula (4) and the set allocation strategy, the carbon emissions caused by total wind curtailment, wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving, and wind curtailment due to transmission congestion after the allocation responsibility is obtained; wherein the set allocation strategy is: the carbon responsibility caused by wind curtailment due to transmission congestion is borne by the grid side, the carbon responsibility caused by wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving is borne jointly by the source-load side, and the carbon responsibility caused by the overlapping part of wind curtailment due to transmission congestion and wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving is shared by the thermal power units and the grid side; the expression of the carbon emissions caused by total wind curtailment, wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving, and wind curtailment due to transmission congestion after the allocation responsibility is: In the formula, C eq1 C is the carbon emissions caused by insufficient wind curtailment after the peak load regulation is shared; eq2 The carbon emissions caused by transmission congestion and wind curtailment after the responsibility is shared; Based on the carbon emissions caused by total wind curtailment, wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation, and wind curtailment due to transmission congestion after the shared responsibility, the carbon emission cost caused by wind curtailment is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, F w is the carbon emission cost caused by total wind curtailment; F eq1 Carbon emission costs caused by wind curtailment due to insufficient peak load regulation; F eq2 The carbon emission cost caused by wind power curtailment due to transmission congestion.

5. The source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy storage configuration shares the responsibility for carbon emissions, including: Auxiliary rewards are imposed on the carbon emissions reduced by wind curtailment through energy storage; wherein the calculation formula of the auxiliary reward is: In the formula, F e Auxiliary rewards for energy storage to absorb wind curtailment; P E-w To store energy and absorb abandoned wind power.

6. The source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Establish a two-tier carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy, including: Based on the impact analysis of the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost elements, the carbon emission responsibility cost is quantified in the objective function; wherein the elements include the construction of thermal power units, the construction of transmission channels and the unit price of energy storage.

7. The source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation according to claim 6 is characterized in that: Based on the impact analysis of the carbon emission responsibility allocation cost element, the carbon emission responsibility cost is quantified in the objective function, including: Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility costs on the construction of thermal power units: The construction cost of a unit thermal power unit is calculated by taking into account the ratio of the construction cost of the thermal power unit after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost and the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit: Where: P g is the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit; β is the carbon responsibility cost coefficient of the newly built thermal power unit; σ g is the original unit thermal power unit construction cost of the system; Δσ g It is the construction cost of a thermal power unit after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility costs on transmission channel construction: The investment per unit length of the line is calculated by taking into account the total investment cost of the line after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost and the ratio of the line length: Where: C l is the unit price per unit length of the original line l of the system; n l is the number of construction times of line l; L l is the length of line l; Z l is the 0-1 decision variable for investment in line l; Ω line is the set of lines to be selected; ΔC l K is the unit price per unit length of line l after incorporating carbon responsibility cost; line P is the unit power cost per unit length of the line; line-l is the transmission capacity of line l; Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility costs on energy storage unit prices: The energy storage unit capacity purchase cost is calculated by taking into account the ratio of energy storage construction costs and configured energy storage capacity after considering carbon emission responsibility costs: Board Eess =(E ess s Eess -F e ) / E ess (10) Where: E ess To configure the energy storage capacity; Eess is the purchase cost of the original energy storage unit capacity of the system; Δσ Eess To incorporate carbon responsibility costs into the purchase cost of unit capacity of energy storage.

8. The source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the two-tier carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy, a source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation is established, including: Based on the two-tier carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy, the carbon responsibility allocation cost is converted into the construction unit price of each entity and embedded in the model objective function. The objective function of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility allocation is obtained as follows: F N =min(ΔI g +ΔI e +C T +ΔI line ) (11) In the formula, F N To consider the system comprehensive cost of carbon emission responsibility allocation, ΔI g The investment of thermal power units after considering the cost of carbon emission responsibility sharing; ΔI e The investment in energy storage equipment after considering the cost sharing of carbon emission responsibility; C T Wind curtailment penalty cost; ΔI line Investment in transmission line expansion after accounting for the cost of carbon emission responsibility sharing; ΔI e , ΔI g , C T , ΔI line The calculation formula is as follows: Where: P ess is the energy storage power configuration; pess is the purchase cost of unit power converter; σ T Penalty for unit wind power abandonment; T s is the planning cycle; e-i (t) is the abandoned wind power absorbed by the energy storage at time t within dispatch day i; Δσ Eess The purchase cost of energy storage unit capacity is to incorporate carbon responsibility cost; E ess is the configuration of energy storage capacity; Δσ g P is the construction cost of a thermal power unit after incorporating carbon responsibility cost; g is the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit; n l is the number of construction times of line l; L l is the length of line l; Z l is the 0-1 decision variable for investment in line l; Ω line is the set of lines to be selected; ΔC l P is the unit price per unit length of line l after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; W-i (t) is the system wind power abandoned at time t on dispatch day i; Determine the constraints of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model that considers carbon responsibility sharing, the constraints include node power balance constraints, electricity balance constraints, thermal power unit output constraints, DC power flow constraints, energy storage capacity and power constraints, spinning reserve constraints, energy storage system charge state daily clearance constraints, new line constraints and transmission line power transmission constraints.

9. The source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility allocation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The node power balance constraint is expressed as: Where: P g,h,m (t) is the output power of thermal power unit h at node m at time t; P w,j,m (t) is the output power of wind turbine j at node m at time t; ΔP w,j,m (t) is the abandoned wind power of wind turbine j at node m at time t; P e,m (t) is the output power of the energy storage device at node m at time t; P L,m (t) is the active load of node m at time t; The power balance constraint is expressed as: W G (Δt)+W w (Δt)+W e (Δt)+W Q (Δt)=W L (Δt)(14) Where: W G (Δt) is the power consumption of thermal power unit h during the period of Δt; W w (Δt) is the power of the wind turbine in the Δt period; W e (Δt) is the power of the energy storage device during the Δt period; W Q (Δt) is the amount of wind power abandoned by the wind farm during the Δt period; W L (Δt) is the load power in the Δt period; The output constraint of the thermal power unit is expressed as: Where: P g,h min , P g,h max are the minimum and maximum output values ​​of thermal power unit h respectively; P g,h (t) is the output of thermal power unit h under normal operating conditions at time t; The DC power flow constraint is expressed as: Bθ(t)=P g (t)+P w (t)-P e (t)-P L (t)-ΔP w (t)(16) Where: B is the system node admittance matrix; θ(t) is the node voltage phase angle vector at time t; P g (t) is the output power vector of the thermal power unit at time t; P w (t) is the wind turbine output power vector at time t; P e (t) is the energy storage output power vector at time t; P L (t) is the load power vector at time t; ΔP w (t) is the wind power abandonment vector at time t; The energy storage capacity and power constraints are expressed as: E e (t)=E e (t-1)+ (P e,char (t)·η char -P e,dischar (t) / η dis )Δt(19) SOC min ≤SOC(t)≤SOC max (20) Where: are the minimum values ​​of energy storage charging and discharging power respectively; and are the maximum charge and discharge power respectively; E e min 、E e max are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the energy storage device capacity respectively; E e (t) is the actual capacity of the energy storage device in period t; P e,char (t), P e,dischar (t) is the energy storage charging and discharging power at time t; η char , η dis SOC is the efficiency of energy storage charging and discharging; min、 SOC max is the minimum and maximum value of energy storage capacity; SOC(t) is the energy storage capacity at time t; The spinning reserve constraint is expressed as: Where: P g,h (t) is the output power of thermal power unit h at time t; P w,j (t) is the output power of wind farm j at time t; P e,k (t) Charging power of energy storage device k at time t; Ω g is the collection of thermal power units; Ω w is the wind farm collection; Ω e is a collection of energy storage devices; Ω L is the load node set; R max is the maximum spare capacity of the system; The energy storage system charge state daily clearing constraint is expressed as: d SOC (0)=d SOC (24) (22) Where: SOC (0),δ SOC (24) represent the charge state at the initial and final moments, respectively; The new line constraint is expressed as: 0≤ωm≤Nm,max (23) Where: m N is the number of new transmission lines connected to node m; m,max is the maximum number of new transmission lines; The transmission line power transfer constraint is expressed as: Where: P ab , P ab max are the actual transmission power and maximum capacity of line (a, b) respectively; x ab 、x ab new are the number of existing directly connected lines and newly built lines of node a and node b respectively.

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