Long-acting matrix particles for vegetation recovery in southwest high-altitude arid regions and preparation method of long-acting matrix particles

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation restoration, in particular to long-acting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in southwest high-altitude arid regions and a preparation method. The long-acting matrix particles are prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 1000 to 1200 parts of acid modified attapulgite, 200 to 250 parts of polypropylene fiber modified concrete, 30 to 40 parts of plant ash, 2 to 5 parts of fertilizer and 4 to 5 parts of polyacrylamide. The use method of the long-acting matrix particle is simple, and the long-acting matrix particle can achieve the effects of improving soil strength, resisting freezing and thawing and promoting plant growth under the condition of not additionally adding a growth promoting agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation restoration, and in particular to long-acting matrix particles for restoring vegetation in high-altitude arid areas in the southwest and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of water conservancy, highways, railways, mines and other construction projects, there are often a lot of construction excavations, which destroy the original vegetation, resulting in a large number of exposed soil slopes and rock slopes, leading to serious soil erosion and ecological imbalance, such as soil erosion, landslides, mud-rock flows, and destruction of the food chain. Vegetation restoration has become the mainstream method of slope ecological restoration today. The common slope vegetation restoration technologies currently include soil spraying technology, vegetation concrete slope protection technology, thick layer substrate technology, hydraulic spraying technology, etc.

[0003] Vegetation concrete slope protection technology refers to the appropriate proportioning and on-site pouring of concrete aggregates and special admixtures for ecological slope protection to form a complete ecological slope protection system where ecological greening can be planted. It has the performance characteristics of high strength, large porosity, stable structure, good freeze-thaw resistance, and effective inhibition of soil loss. It can also adapt to a variety of planting methods and is currently a popular preparation and repair technology. For example, "Xu Wennian, Wang Tieqiao, Ye Jianjun. Research on the application of rock slope protection and greening technology [J]. Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology, 2002 (7): 35-36, 40." The base material mixed with cement, water-retaining agent, planting soil, fertilizer, etc. in proportion is sprayed onto the slope together with plant seeds. As the plants grow, the purpose of soil consolidation and slope protection is achieved; "Lan Qunli, Zhang Xintian, Bian Libo, et al. Research on the composite structure and material properties of vegetation restoration on steep rock slopes [J]. Materials Guide, 2019, 33 (S2): 143." A new type of composite structure and material is proposed, which combines the sprayed mixture base layer, the imported soil layer and the vegetation layer into one.

[0004] However, existing vegetation concrete is difficult to apply to high-altitude and cold regions. This is because the difficulty of ecological restoration in high-altitude regions lies in the fact that vegetation restoration faces problems such as short growing season, low temperature and drought in winter, poor soil, and freeze-thaw cracking of plant substrates. Although vegetation concrete can resist freeze-thaw and improve soil strength to a certain extent, it is still difficult to grow or grows slowly. If the concrete content in the substrate is too high, it will seriously inhibit the growth of vegetation. If the concrete content is too low, it will not resist freeze-thaw and improve strength.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a matrix granular material for vegetation restoration in high-altitude areas, which can simultaneously improve soil strength, resist frost and thaw, and promote plant growth without adding additional growth promoters. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a long-acting matrix particle for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas in the southwest, so as to at least achieve the effects of improving soil strength, resisting freezing and thawing, and promoting plant growth.

[0007] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a matrix particle, comprising the following components: acid-modified attapulgite, polypropylene fiber-modified concrete, plant ash, fertilizer and polyacrylamide.

[0009] Furthermore, the proportions of the components in parts by weight are: 1000-1200 parts of the acid-modified attapulgite, 200-250 parts of the polypropylene fiber-modified concrete, 30-40 parts of the wood ash, 2-5 parts of the fertilizer and 4-5 parts of the polyacrylamide.

[0010] Furthermore, the preparation method of the acid-modified attapulgite is: crushing and sieving the attapulgite, soaking it with hydrochloric acid, and then washing it with water until it is neutral.

[0011] Preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 38%; the dosage of the hydrochloric acid is 10 mL / g.

[0012] Furthermore, the preparation method of the acid-modified attapulgite is: the attapulgite is crushed and passed through a 400-mesh sieve, the sieve material is soaked in hydrochloric acid for 24 hours, and then washed with water until neutral.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation method of the polypropylene fiber modified concrete is a pure paste wrapped aggregate method, specifically: mixing and stirring silicate cement, polypropylene fiber, crushed stone, water reducing agent and water.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of the polypropylene fiber modified concrete is: by weight, 300-350 parts of the silicate cement, 3-4 parts of polypropylene fiber, 1000-1200 parts of crushed stone, 1-2 parts of water reducer and 100-120 parts of water are mixed and stirred.

[0015] Furthermore, the particle size of the crushed stone is less than 1 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the fertilizers include inorganic nitrogen fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers; preferably urea and superphosphate.

[0017] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the matrix particles, comprising the following steps: adding water to the polypropylene fiber modified concrete and stirring, then adding the acid-modified attapulgite, the wood ash, the fertilizer and the polyacrylamide, and stirring evenly.

[0018] The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the matrix particles, comprising: uniformly mixing the matrix particles with plant seeds and then spraying them.

[0019] Furthermore, the plant seeds are grass seeds suitable for high-altitude and cold regions, preferably tall fescue grass seeds.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention adopts modified attapulgite with a porous structure as the matrix material, which can effectively adsorb inorganic fertilizers and preserve water, and can achieve the effects of slow release of fertilizers and water retention, thereby ensuring the long-term activity of the matrix.

[0022] 2. The present invention uses concrete modified by polypropylene fiber as cement material, which plays the role of adhesive on the one hand, and has a higher water permeability coefficient and porosity on the other hand. When the slurry-wrapped aggregate method is used to coat fine aggregates such as attapulgite, it has little effect on water absorption and plant growth.

[0023] 3. The modified concrete of the present invention has good mechanical properties and anti-freeze performance, and the dosage is about 15%, which is significantly improved compared with the existing ecological concrete, ensuring the strength and anti-freeze-thaw performance of the matrix particles, and can also promote the long-term growth of plants.

[0024] 4. The matrix particles of the present invention use wood ash as a soil regulator, which can ensure pH stability and is suitable for slightly acidic soils in high-altitude areas. It can also be used as an inorganic fertilizer to provide a potassium source and reduce the use of fertilizers. The fertilizer used in the present invention uses general inorganic fertilizers to save costs, and can still achieve a good growth-promoting effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A plant matrix particle is prepared as follows:

[0028] 1) Preparation of acid-modified attapulgite: The attapulgite (purchased from Anhui Mingguang Attapulgite Clay Material Factory) was dried to constant weight, then crushed, passed through a 400-mesh sieve, soaked with 38% hydrochloric acid (analytical grade), the amount of hydrochloric acid added was 10 mL / g, stirred at a constant temperature at 30°C, ultrasonicated for 10 min, allowed to stand for 1 h, repeatedly centrifuged and rinsed with water until the eluent was detected to be neutral, and then the obtained acid-modified attapulgite was dried for later use.

[0029] 2) Preparation of polypropylene fiber modified concrete: 300 parts of silicate cement (PO42.5, purchased from Tianjin Zhongxin Building Materials Co., Ltd.), 3 parts of polypropylene fiber (purchased from Tai'an Anfeng New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.), 1000 parts of crushed stone (particle size <1 mm, machine crushed and sieved), 1 part of polycarboxylic acid water reducer (purchased from Langfang Huiri New Building Materials Co., Ltd.) and 100 parts of water were put into a mixer and continuously stirred.

[0030] 3) Preparation of matrix particles: Add 200 parts of the above-mentioned polypropylene fiber modified concrete into a mixer and continue to add water and stir to prevent the cement from caking, then add 1000 parts of acid-modified attapulgite, 30 parts of wood ash, 2 parts of fertilizer (70% urea and 30% superphosphate) and 4 parts of polyacrylamide, stir for 5 minutes, let stand for 48 hours, and then crush to make the matrix particle size less than 5 mm.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A plant matrix particle is prepared as follows:

[0033] 1) Preparation of acid-modified attapulgite: The attapulgite (purchased from Anhui Mingguang Attapulgite Clay Material Factory) was dried to constant weight, then crushed, passed through a 400-mesh sieve, soaked with 38% hydrochloric acid (analytical grade), the amount of hydrochloric acid added was 10 mL / g, stirred at a constant temperature at 30°C, ultrasonicated for 10 min, allowed to stand for 1 h, repeatedly centrifuged and rinsed with water until the eluent was detected to be neutral, and then the obtained acid-modified attapulgite was dried for later use.

[0034] 2) Preparation of polypropylene fiber modified concrete: 350 parts of silicate cement (PO42.5, purchased from Tianjin Zhongxin Building Materials Co., Ltd.), 4 parts of polypropylene fiber (purchased from Tai'an Anfeng New Material Technology Co., Ltd.), 1200 parts of crushed stone (particle size <1 mm, machine crushed and sieved), 2 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducer (purchased from Langfang Huiri New Building Materials Co., Ltd.) and 120 parts of water were put into a mixer and continuously stirred.

[0035] 3) Preparation of matrix particles: Add 250 parts of the above-mentioned polypropylene fiber modified concrete into a mixer and continue to add water and stir to prevent the cement from caking, then add 1200 parts of acid-modified attapulgite, 40 parts of wood ash, 5 parts of fertilizer (70% urea and 30% superphosphate) and 4 parts of polyacrylamide, stir for 5 minutes, let stand for 48 hours, and then crush to make the matrix particle size less than 5 mm.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] A plant matrix particle is prepared as follows:

[0038] 1) Preparation of acid-modified attapulgite: The attapulgite (purchased from Anhui Mingguang Attapulgite Clay Material Factory) was dried to constant weight, then crushed, passed through a 400-mesh sieve, soaked with 38% hydrochloric acid (analytical grade), the amount of hydrochloric acid added was 10 mL / g, stirred at a constant temperature at 30°C, ultrasonicated for 10 min, allowed to stand for 1 h, repeatedly centrifuged and rinsed with water until the eluent was detected to be neutral, and then the obtained acid-modified attapulgite was dried for later use.

[0039] 2) Preparation of polypropylene fiber modified concrete: 300 parts of silicate cement (PO42.5, purchased from Tianjin Zhongxin Building Materials Co., Ltd.), 3 parts of polypropylene fiber (purchased from Tai'an Anfeng New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.), 1000 parts of crushed stone (particle size <1 mm, machine crushed and sieved), 1 part of polycarboxylic acid water reducer (purchased from Langfang Huiri New Building Materials Co., Ltd.) and 100 parts of water were put into a mixer and continuously stirred.

[0040] 3) Preparation of matrix particles: Add 225 parts of the above-mentioned polypropylene fiber modified concrete into a mixer and continue to add water and stir to prevent the cement from caking, then add 1100 parts of acid-modified attapulgite, 35 parts of wood ash, 3 parts of fertilizer (70% urea and 30% superphosphate) and 4 parts of polyacrylamide, stir for 5 minutes, let stand for 48 hours, and then crush to make the matrix particle size less than 5 mm.

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] A plant matrix particle was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the acid-modified attapulgite was replaced with ordinary attapulgite, as follows:

[0043] 1) Preparation of attapulgite: attapulgite (purchased from Anhui Mingguang Attapulgite Clay Material Factory) was dried to constant weight, then crushed and passed through a 400-mesh sieve for later use.

[0044] 2) Preparation of polypropylene fiber modified concrete: 300 parts of silicate cement (PO42.5, purchased from Tianjin Zhongxin Building Materials Co., Ltd.), 3 parts of polypropylene fiber (purchased from Tai'an Anfeng New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.), 1000 parts of crushed stone (particle size <1 mm, machine crushed and sieved), 1 part of polycarboxylic acid water reducer (purchased from Langfang Huiri New Building Materials Co., Ltd.) and 100 parts of water were put into a mixer and continuously stirred.

[0045] 3) Preparation of matrix particles: Add 200 parts of the above-mentioned polypropylene fiber modified concrete into a mixer and continue to add water and stir to prevent the cement from caking, then add 1000 parts of acid-modified attapulgite, 30 parts of wood ash, 2 parts of fertilizer (70% urea and 30% superphosphate) and 4 parts of polyacrylamide, stir for 5 minutes, let stand for 48 hours, and then crush to make the matrix particle size less than 5 mm.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] A plant matrix particle is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polypropylene fiber modified concrete is replaced with ordinary Portland cement, as follows:

[0048] 1) Preparation of acid-modified attapulgite: The attapulgite (purchased from Anhui Mingguang Attapulgite Clay Material Factory) was dried to constant weight, then crushed, passed through a 400-mesh sieve, soaked with 38% hydrochloric acid (analytical grade), the amount of hydrochloric acid added was 10 mL / g, stirred at a constant temperature at 30°C, ultrasonicated for 10 min, allowed to stand for 1 h, repeatedly centrifuged and rinsed with water until the eluent was detected to be neutral, and then the obtained acid-modified attapulgite was dried for later use.

[0049] 2) Preparation of matrix particles: Add 200 parts of silicate cement (PO42.5, purchased from Tianjin Zhongxin Building Materials Co., Ltd.) into a mixer and continue to add water and stir to prevent the cement from caking. Then add 1000 parts of acid-modified attapulgite, 30 parts of wood ash, 2 parts of fertilizer (70% urea and 30% superphosphate) and 4 parts of polyacrylamide, stir for 5 minutes, let stand for 48 hours, and then crush to make the matrix particle size less than 5 mm.

[0050] Experimental example

[0051] The vegetation effects of the eco-concrete matrix particles of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were verified in a high-altitude and cold region (Pulang tailings area, Shangri-La City, Diqing Prefecture, Yunnan Province, 2000 m above sea level):

[0052] The ecological concrete matrix particles and tall fescue seeds were mixed evenly at a ratio of 100:1 and sprayed on 5 100cm×100cm mesh experimental slopes with a spraying thickness of 10cm. The test areas were irrigated equally every 2 days. The germination number (average value) and growth height (average value) of each group of plant seeds were continuously observed and recorded at 15d and 45d.

[0053] The statistical results are shown in the following table:

[0054] <![CDATA[Number of germinated seeds per plant·m 2 > Growth height / cm 15d Example 1 1275 3.07 Example 2 1405 3.28 Example 3 1259 3.19 Comparative Example 1 1018 2.94 Comparative Example 2 1186 3.05 45d Example 1 1538 8.46 Example 2 1641 8.97 Example 3 1582 8.53 Comparative Example 1 1238 6.72 Comparative Example 2 1317 7.01

[0055] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art shall not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and shall be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A matrix particle, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components: acid-modified attapulgite, polypropylene fiber-modified concrete, plant ash, fertilizer and polyacrylamide.

2. The matrix particle according to claim 1, characterized in that In parts by weight, the proportions of the components are: 1000-1200 parts of the acid-modified attapulgite, 200-250 parts of the polypropylene fiber-modified concrete, 30-40 parts of the wood ash, 2-5 parts of the fertilizer and 4-5 parts of the polyacrylamide.

3. The matrix particle according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the acid-modified attapulgite comprises the following steps: crushing and sieving the attapulgite, soaking the attapulgite with hydrochloric acid, and then washing the attapulgite with water until the attapulgite is neutral.

4. The matrix particle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the acid-modified attapulgite is as follows: the attapulgite is crushed and then passed through a 400-mesh sieve, the sieve material is soaked in hydrochloric acid for 24 hours, and then washed with water until neutral.

5. The matrix particle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the polypropylene fiber modified concrete is: mixing and stirring silicate cement, polypropylene fiber, crushed stone, water reducing agent and water.

6. The matrix particle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the polypropylene fiber modified concrete is as follows: by weight, 300-350 parts of the silicate cement, 3-4 parts of polypropylene fibers, 1000-1200 parts of crushed stone, 1-2 parts of water reducer and 100-120 parts of water are mixed and stirred.

7. The matrix particle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizers include inorganic nitrogen fertilizers and phosphorus fertilizers.

8. The method for preparing the matrix particles according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The polypropylene fiber modified concrete is added with water and stirred, and then the acid-modified attapulgite, the wood ash, the fertilizer and the polyacrylamide are added and stirred evenly.

9. The method for using the matrix particles according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The matrix particles are mixed evenly with the plant seeds and then sprayed.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The plant seeds include tall fescue seeds.