Base fertilizer for improving nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves and application of base fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a base fertilizer for improving nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves and application thereof. The base fertilizer for improving nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves comprises biochar, purple sandy soil and rape seed cakes. The biochar, the purple sandy soil and the rape seed cakes are compounded for use, the synergistic interaction effect is achieved, the nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco leaves can be effectively increased, tobacco field soil is improved, growth and development of flue-cured tobacco are promoted, the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco are improved, and then the economic income of tobacco growers is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco, and particularly relates to a base fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco raw material leaves are the foundation for the survival and development of the tobacco industry. In recent years, with the improvement of the income level of cigarette consumers, the requirements for the flavor of cigarettes are getting higher and higher, and they are more pursuing the original aroma of tobacco. Nicotine, as the core flavor component in tobacco products, is an important substance to maintain the original aroma of tobacco. Shaoguan tobacco area is the core production area of ​​sweet and mellow tobacco in my country. Its smoke is full, permeable, and light. It is a high-quality cigarette raw material for tobacco industrial enterprises in Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangdong and other places. In recent years, with the changes in cultivation measures and the degradation of varieties, the imbalance of sugar-alkali ratio of chemical components in raw tobacco after baking and the low nicotine content are prominent problems, resulting in a decline in sensory quality, which is specifically manifested in unclear aroma, lack of aroma volume, low concentration and low style. It has a great impact on the application of cigarette industrial enterprises and is not conducive to the sustainable development of Shaoguan tobacco area.

[0003] At present, due to the industry's emphasis on the "tar reduction and harm reduction" action, the research on the regulation of nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves is mainly focused on reducing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves through biotechnology and cultivation modulation technology, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing tar. For example, after topping, exogenous growth hormones such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, exogenous auxin, and gibberellin are applied to inhibit the activity of tobacco-related enzymes to achieve the purpose of reducing nicotine; in cultivation, the early absorption of nitrogen by tobacco plants can be promoted by increasing the proportion of nitrate nitrogen application and advancing nitrogen fertilizer, and the nicotine content of the middle and upper leaves is reduced during the transplanting period. In recent years, the large-scale application of inorganic fertilizers, soil acidification, high temperature forced ripening in the late stage, and low density and other cultivation measures have affected the synthesis of nicotine in the roots of tobacco leaves and the transportation and accumulation of nicotine content in leaves, which has also led to the problem of low nicotine content in tobacco leaves.

[0004] Therefore, in order to improve the quality of tobacco leaves and enhance consumers' sensory experience, it is urgently necessary to provide a product and method that can increase the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves to meet application needs. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a basal fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves and its application.

[0006] In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a basal fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves, wherein the basal fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves comprises biochar, purple sandy soil and rapeseed cake.

[0008] Nicotine in tobacco leaves is mainly synthesized in the roots of tobacco. Putrescine is converted into N-methylputrescine under the action of putrescine-N-methyltransferase, and N-methylputrescine forms 4-methylaminobutyl ether under the catalysis of N-methylputrescine oxidase. Then, nicotine is condensed with nicotinic acid derivatives that provide the pyridine ring to form nicotine, which is transported from the roots to the mesophyll of the leaves through microtubules and stored in vacuoles. The root system is the main place for studying synthesis. The physiological activity, surface area, number of lateral roots at all levels and enzyme activity of the root system have an important influence on the amount of nicotine synthesis. Secondly, the peak period of nicotine accumulation is 90 days after tobacco leaves are transplanted, in the late stage of vigorous growth of tobacco leaves. The length of the growth period and the health of the roots in the late stage of vigorous growth also affect the synthesis and transportation of nicotine in the roots.

[0009] Soil is the main place for the growth and development of crop roots. Its physical and chemical properties and fertility supply capacity have an important influence on root growth and nicotine synthesis. The application of biochar in the present invention can effectively improve the physical properties of the soil and improve the air permeability of the soil; purple sandy soil has a high pH value, which can increase the pH value around the root system, and has a certain killing ability on rhizomes and pathogens, keeps the root system healthy, promotes the growth of flue-cured tobacco roots, and improves root vitality and nicotine synthase activity; rapeseed cake, as an organic fertilizer, can provide sufficient nutrition for tobacco leaf growth, thereby effectively promoting the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improving the quality of tobacco leaves. The compound use of biochar, purple sandy soil and rapeseed cake in the present invention has a synergistic effect, can effectively increase the nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco leaves, improve tobacco field soil, promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and thus promote the economic income of tobacco farmers.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the biochar, purple sand and rapeseed cake is (1-3):(4-8):(1-2).

[0011] Wherein "1-3" can be 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7 or 2.9, etc.;

[0012] “4-8” can be 4.2, 4.5, 4.8, 5, 5.2, 5.5, 5.8, 6, 6.2, 6.5, 7, 7.2, 7.5 or 7.8, etc.;

[0013] “1-2” can be 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 or 1.9, etc.

[0014] Preferably, the rapeseed cake is fermented rapeseed cake.

[0015] Preferably, the purple sandy soil is weathered purple sandy loam.

[0016] Any specific point value within the above numerical range can be selected, and will not be described in detail here.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a use of a basal fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves as described in the first aspect in tobacco cultivation.

[0018] Preferably, the tobacco cultivation is carried out in a sandy mud field.

[0019] Preferably, the tobacco leaf cultivation is flue-cured tobacco leaf cultivation.

[0020] Preferably, the amount of the basal fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves in tobacco cultivation is 5000-10000 kg / hm 2 , for example, 5500kg / hm 2 、6000kg / hm 2 、6500kg / hm 2 、7000kg / hm 2 、8000kg / hm 2 、9000kg / hm 2 or 9500kg / hm 2 wait.

[0021] Any specific point value within the above numerical range can be selected, and will not be described in detail here.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves, the method comprising:

[0023] (1) After the tobacco field is plowed, the soil is leveled, broken up, and ridged. After digging holes on the ridges, soil holes are obtained, and the base fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves and the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer described in the first aspect are applied to the soil holes from the sides;

[0024] (2) Place the tobacco seedlings vertically in the soil hole with their roots facing downward, and then cover the tobacco seedlings;

[0025] (3) When tobacco plants reach the clumping stage, soil should be added after rain, and potassium nitrate should be applied after soil addition.

[0026] (4) Manage and inspect tobacco fields and harvest tobacco leaves after topping.

[0027] Preferably, the ridge height after ridging in step (1) is 30-40 cm, for example, it can be 31 cm, 32 cm, 33 cm, 34 cm, 35 cm, 36 cm, 37 cm, 38 cm or 39 cm, etc.

[0028] Preferably, the depth of the soil hole in step (1) is 10-15 cm, for example, it can be 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm or 15 cm.

[0029] Preferably, the density of the soil holes in step (1) is 12000-15000 / hm2. 2 , for example, 12500 pieces / hm 2 , 13000 pieces / hm 2 , 13500 pieces / hm 2 , 14000 pieces / hm 2 or 14500 pieces / hm 2 wait.

[0030] Preferably, the application amount of the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer in step (1) is 750 kg·hm -2 .

[0031] Preferably, the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer is a tobacco-specific compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 13-8-15).

[0032] Preferably, the transplanting period in step (2) is advanced by 5-10 days, for example, it can be 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days or 10 days.

[0033] Preferably, during the transplanting in step (2), the tobacco seedlings have 4 leaves and 1 core.

[0034] Preferably, the row spacing of the tobacco seedlings after transplanting in step (2) is 120-130 cm (for example, it can be 121 cm, 122 cm, 123 cm, 124 cm, 125 cm, 126 cm, 127 cm, 128 cm or 129 cm, etc.), and the plant spacing is 60-70 cm (for example, it can be 61 cm, 62 cm, 63 cm, 64 cm, 65 cm, 66 cm, 67 cm, 68 cm or 69 cm, etc.).

[0035] Preferably, the transplanting depth of the tobacco seedlings in step (2) is such that 2-3 true leaves are exposed below the growth point of the tobacco seedlings.

[0036] Preferably, in step (2), the tobacco seedlings are placed vertically in the base fertilizer with their roots facing downward.

[0037] Preferably, the covering in step (2) is carried out using base fertilizer and soil.

[0038] Preferably, the soil-building height in step (3) is greater than 10 cm when the soil covers the base of the stem, for example, it can be 11 cm, 13 cm, 15 cm, 17 cm or 20 cm.

[0039] Preferably, the amount of potassium nitrate used in step (3) is 70-80 kg / hm 2 , for example, it can be 71kg / hm2 、73kg / hm 2 ,,75kg / hm 2 ,,77kg / hm 2 or 79kg / hm 2 wait.

[0040] Preferably, the potassium nitrate is applied to make the moisture content of the soil surrounding the stem base above 75%, for example, 76%, 78%, 80%, 82% or 85%.

[0041] Preferably, the management and inspection of the tobacco field and the harvesting of tobacco leaves after topping in step (4) are carried out according to the method of GB / T23221-2008.

[0042] The method of the present invention includes: applying biochar, purple sandy soil, rapeseed cake fertilizer, high ridge deep planting, early transplanting and intertillage high soiling are all environmentally friendly methods, which will not cause damage to the natural environment. The application of biochar and purple sandy soil can effectively improve tobacco planting soil, improve the root growth environment of tobacco plants, improve enzyme activity and root activity, prolong the growth period, ensure the synthesis and transportation of nicotine in flue-cured tobacco, and also promote the economic value of tobacco leaves, and also have a positive promoting effect on the output value and quality of the next crop. Early planting of seedlings can avoid high temperature and high humidity weather in the later period. After deep planting and high soiling, potassium nitrate can be applied to prevent the occurrence of adventitious roots of flue-cured tobacco, improve the absorption capacity of tobacco plants for fertilizer and water, increase maturity resistance, increase the site of nicotine synthesis, prolong the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, increase the site of nicotine synthesis and the accumulation time of tobacco nicotine, and effectively increase the nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco. At the same time, the raw material source of the present invention is convenient, the operation is simple, and it has practical operability for popularization among tobacco farmers.

[0043] Any specific point value within the above numerical range can be selected, and will not be described in detail here.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] (1) The biochar, purple sandy soil and rapeseed cake in the present invention are used in combination, which has a synergistic effect, can effectively increase the nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco leaves, improve the soil of tobacco fields, promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and thus promote the economic income of tobacco farmers.

[0046] (2) The tobacco cultivation method provided by the present invention can improve the tobacco plant's ability to absorb fertilizer and water, increase its tolerance to ripening, increase the number of nicotine synthesis sites, extend the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, increase the number of nicotine synthesis sites and the accumulation time of nicotine in tobacco, and effectively increase the nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco. At the same time, the present invention has simple steps and is easy to operate, and is practically feasible for popularization among tobacco farmers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by specific implementation methods. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are only to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves, wherein the base fertilizer in the method is prepared according to the following ratio:

[0050] Purple sand 5000kg·hm -2 ; 1500.0kg·hm -2 Biochar: 1000kg·hm -2 Rapeseed cake.

[0051] The specific steps include:

[0052] (1) After the tobacco field is plowed, the soil is leveled, broken, and ridged to a height of 35 cm; biochar, purple sandy soil (weathered sandy loam), and fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer are mixed evenly and applied all at once as base fertilizer;

[0053] (2) Application of basal fertilizer: Before transplanting tobacco seedlings, a special pit making tool or a hoe is used to make a hole on the ridge with good soil moisture according to the determined transplanting distance (row spacing 125 cm × plant spacing 65 cm). The hole is circular, with a diameter of 22-27 cm and a depth of 12±1 cm. 750 kg·hm2 of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer produced by Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is sprinkled on the left side of the hole. -2 (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 13-8-15), a mixture of biochar, purple sand and rapeseed cake fertilizer was sprinkled on the right side;

[0054] (3) When the tobacco seedlings have 4 leaves and 1 core, they are transplanted. When transplanting tobacco seedlings, the leaves of the tobacco seedlings are lifted vertically, with the roots facing downward, and the tobacco seedlings are placed vertically in a fertilizer mixed with biochar, purple sandy soil and rapeseed cake. When transplanting, the tobacco seedlings are covered with a mixture of biochar, purple sandy soil and rapeseed cake fertilizer to prevent the tobacco seedlings from contacting with the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer on the left side and causing seedling burns. The transplanting depth is based on the standard of exposing 2-3 true leaves below the growth point of the tobacco seedlings;

[0055] (4) Soil-building during the clustering stage: When tobacco plants reach the clustering stage, high soil-building should be carried out after rain. The height of soil-building should be 12±2 cm above the base of the stem. After soil-building, 75 kg·hm2 of potassium nitrate should be applied. -2 , so that the moisture content of the soil around the stem base is between 75% and 80%;

[0056] (5) The tobacco fields are subsequently managed and inspected, and tobacco leaf harvesting measures after topping are carried out in accordance with the national production standards (GB / T23221-2008).

[0057] Example 2

[0058] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves, wherein the base fertilizer in the method is prepared according to the following ratio:

[0059] Purple sand 7500kg·hm -2 ; 750.0kg·hm -2 Biochar: 500 kg·hm -2 Rapeseed cake.

[0060] The specific steps include:

[0061] (1) After the tobacco field is plowed, the soil is leveled, broken, and ridged to a height of 35 cm; biochar, purple sandy soil (weathered sandy loam), and fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer are mixed evenly and applied all at once as base fertilizer;

[0062] (2) Application of basal fertilizer: Before transplanting tobacco seedlings, a special pit making tool or a hoe is used to make a hole on the ridge with good soil moisture according to the determined transplanting distance (row spacing 125 cm × plant spacing 65 cm). The hole is circular, with a diameter of 22-27 cm and a depth of 12±1 cm. 750 kg·hm2 of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer produced by Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is sprinkled on the left side of the hole. -2 (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 13-8-15), a mixture of biochar, purple sand and rapeseed cake fertilizer was sprinkled on the right side;

[0063] (3) Transplant the tobacco seedlings when they have 4 leaves and 1 core. When transplanting tobacco seedlings, hold the seedlings vertically with their leaves and roots facing downward, and place them vertically in a fertilizer mixed with biochar, purple sand and rapeseed cake. Cover the seedlings with a mixture of biochar, purple sand and rapeseed cake fertilizer and soil to prevent the seedlings from coming into contact with the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer on the left side and causing burns. The transplanting depth is based on exposing 2-3 true leaves below the growth point of the tobacco seedlings.

[0064] (4) Soil-building during the clustering stage: When tobacco plants reach the clustering stage, high soil-building should be carried out after rain. The soil-building height should be 12±2 cm above the base of the stem. After soil-building, 70 kg·hm2 of potassium nitrate should be applied. -2 , so that the moisture content of the soil around the stem base is between 75% and 80%;

[0065] (5) The tobacco fields are subsequently managed and inspected, and tobacco leaf harvesting measures after topping are carried out in accordance with the national production standards (GB / T23221-2008).

[0066] Example 3

[0067] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves, wherein the base fertilizer in the method is prepared according to the following ratio:

[0068] Purple sand 6500kg·hm -2 ; 1000kg·hm -2 Biochar: 750 kg·hm -2 Rapeseed cake.

[0069] The specific steps include:

[0070] (1) After the tobacco field is plowed, the soil is leveled, broken, and ridged to a height of 35 cm; biochar, purple sandy soil (weathered sandy loam), and fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer are mixed evenly and applied all at once as base fertilizer;

[0071] (2) Application of basal fertilizer: Before transplanting tobacco seedlings, a special pit making tool or a hoe is used to make a hole on the ridge with good soil moisture according to the determined transplanting distance (row spacing 125 cm × plant spacing 65 cm). The hole is circular, with a diameter of 22-27 cm and a depth of 12±1 cm. 750 kg·hm2 of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer produced by Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is sprinkled on the left side of the hole. -2 (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 13-8-15), a mixture of biochar, purple sand and rapeseed cake fertilizer was sprinkled on the right side;

[0072] (3) Transplant the tobacco seedlings when they have 4 leaves and 1 core. When transplanting tobacco seedlings, hold the seedlings vertically with their leaves and roots facing downward, and place them vertically in a fertilizer mixed with biochar, purple sand and rapeseed cake. Cover the seedlings with a mixture of biochar, purple sand and rapeseed cake fertilizer and soil to prevent the seedlings from coming into contact with the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer on the left side and causing burns. The transplanting depth is based on exposing 2-3 true leaves below the growth point of the tobacco seedlings.

[0073] (4) Soil-building during the clustering stage: When tobacco plants reach the clustering stage, high soil-building should be carried out after rain. The soil-building height should be 12±2 cm above the base of the stem. After soil-building, 80 kg·hm2 of potassium nitrate should be applied. -2 , so that the moisture content of the soil around the stem base is between 75% and 80%;

[0074] (5) The tobacco fields are subsequently managed and inspected, and tobacco leaf harvesting measures after topping are carried out in accordance with the national production standards (GB / T23221-2008).

[0075] Example 4

[0076] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves. The difference between the method and Example 1 is only the amount of base fertilizer used, wherein 7000 kg·hm2 of purple sandy soil is used. -2 ; 2000kg·hm -2 Biochar: 800 kg·hm -2 Rapeseed cake, the remaining steps and process parameters are consistent with those in Example 1.

[0077] Example 5

[0078] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves. The difference between the method and Example 1 is only the amount of base fertilizer used, wherein 3000 kg·hm2 of purple sandy soil is used. -2 ; 1750kg·hm -2 Biochar: 1250kg·hm -2 Rapeseed cake, the remaining steps and process parameters are consistent with those in Example 1.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] This comparative example provides a cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves, wherein the basal fertilizer in the method is prepared according to the following ratio:

[0081] 6000.0kg·hm -2 Biochar: 2000kg·hm -2 Rapeseed cake.

[0082] The specific steps include:

[0083] (1) After the tobacco field is plowed, the soil is leveled, broken, and ridges are formed with a ridge height of 35 cm; the biochar and fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer are evenly mixed and applied all at once as base fertilizer;

[0084] (2) Application of basal fertilizer: Before transplanting tobacco seedlings, a special pit making tool or a hoe is used to make a hole on the ridge with good soil moisture according to the determined transplanting distance (row spacing 125 cm × plant spacing 65 cm). The hole is circular, with a diameter of 22-27 cm and a depth of 12±1 cm. 750 kg·hm2 of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer produced by Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is sprinkled on the left side of the hole. -2 (NP 2 O 5 -K 2O, 13-8-15), on the right side, a mixture of charcoal and rapeseed cake fertilizer was sprinkled;

[0085] (3) When the tobacco seedlings have 4 leaves and 1 core, they are transplanted. When transplanting tobacco seedlings, the leaves of the tobacco seedlings are lifted vertically, with the roots facing downward, and the tobacco seedlings are placed vertically in the fertilizer mixed with biochar and rapeseed cake. When transplanting, the tobacco seedlings are covered with the mixed fertilizer of biochar and rapeseed cake and soil to prevent the tobacco seedlings from contacting with the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer on the left side and causing seedling burn. The transplanting depth is based on the standard of exposing 2-3 true leaves below the growth point of the tobacco seedlings;

[0086] (4) Soil-building during the clustering stage: When tobacco plants reach the clustering stage, high soil-building should be carried out after rain. The height of soil-building should be 12±2 cm above the base of the stem. After soil-building, 75 kg·hm2 of potassium nitrate should be applied. -2 , so that the moisture content of the soil around the stem base is between 75% and 80%;

[0087] (5) The tobacco fields are subsequently managed and inspected, and tobacco leaf harvesting measures after topping are carried out in accordance with the national production standards (GB / T23221-2008).

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] This comparative example provides a cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves, wherein the basal fertilizer in the method is prepared according to the following ratio:

[0090] Purple sand 6250kg·hm -2 ; 1750.0kg·hm -2 Biochar.

[0091] The specific steps include:

[0092] (1) After the tobacco field is plowed, the soil is leveled, broken up, and ridged to a height of 35 cm; the biochar and purple sandy soil (weathered sandy loam) are mixed evenly and applied all at once as basal fertilizer;

[0093] (2) Application of basal fertilizer: Before transplanting tobacco seedlings, a special pit making tool or a hoe is used to make a hole on the ridge with good soil moisture according to the determined transplanting distance (row spacing 125 cm × plant spacing 65 cm). The hole is circular, with a diameter of 22-27 cm and a depth of 12±1 cm. 750 kg·hm2 of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer produced by Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is sprinkled on the left side of the hole. -2 (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 13-8-15), purple sand and biochar mixture was sprinkled on the right side;

[0094] (3) When the tobacco seedlings reach 4 leaves and 1 core, they are transplanted. When transplanting tobacco seedlings, the leaves of the tobacco seedlings are lifted vertically, with the roots facing downward, and the tobacco seedlings are placed vertically in a fertilizer mixed with purple sand and biochar. When transplanting, the tobacco seedlings are covered with the mixed fertilizer and soil of purple sand and biochar to prevent the tobacco seedlings from contacting with the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer on the left side and causing seedling burns. The transplanting depth is based on the standard of exposing 2-3 true leaves below the growth point of the tobacco seedlings;

[0095] (5) Soil-building during the clustering stage: When tobacco plants reach the clustering stage, high soil-building should be carried out after rain. The height of soil-building should be 12±2 cm when the soil covers the base of the stem. After soil-building, 75 kg·hm2 of potassium nitrate should be applied. -2 , so that the moisture content of the soil around the stem base is between 75% and 80%;

[0096] (6) The tobacco fields will be managed and inspected subsequently, and the tobacco leaf harvesting measures after topping will be carried out in accordance with the national production standards (GB / T23221-2008).

[0097] Comparative Example 3

[0098] This comparative example provides a cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves, wherein the basal fertilizer in the method is prepared according to the following ratio:

[0099] Purple sand 5143kg·hm -2 ; 857kg·hm -2 Rapeseed cake.

[0100] The specific steps include:

[0101] (1) After the tobacco field is plowed, the soil is leveled, broken up, and ridged to a height of 35 cm; purple sandy soil (weathered sandy loam) and decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer are mixed evenly and applied all at once as base fertilizer;

[0102] (2) Application of basal fertilizer: Before transplanting tobacco seedlings, a special pit making tool or a hoe is used to make a hole on the ridge with good soil moisture according to the determined transplanting distance (row spacing 125 cm × plant spacing 65 cm). The hole is circular, with a diameter of 22-27 cm and a depth of 12±1 cm. 750 kg·hm2 of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer produced by Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is sprinkled on the left side of the hole. -2 (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 13-8-15), a mixture of purple sand and rapeseed cake fertilizer was sprinkled on the right side;

[0103] (3) When the tobacco seedlings have 4 leaves and 1 core, they are transplanted. When transplanting tobacco seedlings, the leaves of the tobacco seedlings are lifted vertically, with the roots facing downward, and the tobacco seedlings are placed vertically in a fertilizer mixed with purple sand and rapeseed cake fertilizer. When transplanting, the tobacco seedlings are covered with the mixed fertilizer and soil of purple sand and rapeseed cake fertilizer to prevent the tobacco seedlings from contacting with the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer on the left side and causing seedling burn. The transplanting depth is based on the standard of exposing 2-3 true leaves below the growth point of the tobacco seedlings;

[0104] (4) Soil-building during the clustering stage: When tobacco plants reach the clustering stage, high soil-building should be carried out after rain. The height of soil-building should be 12±2 cm above the base of the stem. After soil-building, 75 kg·hm2 of potassium nitrate should be applied. -2 , so that the moisture content of the soil around the stem base is between 75% and 80%;

[0105] (5) The tobacco fields are subsequently managed and inspected, and tobacco leaf harvesting measures after topping are carried out in accordance with the national production standards (GB / T23221-2008).

[0106] Comparative Example 4

[0107] This comparative example provides a cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves. The base fertilizer in this method uses 750kg·hm2 of tobacco-specific organic fertilizer produced by Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd. -2 (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 4-2-4)

[0108] The specific steps include:

[0109] (1) After the tobacco field is plowed, the soil is leveled, broken up, and ridges are formed with a ridge height of 35 cm; all the base fertilizer is applied at one time;

[0110] (2) Application of basal fertilizer: Before transplanting tobacco seedlings, a special pit making tool or a hoe is used to make a hole on the ridge with good soil moisture according to the determined transplanting distance (row spacing 125 cm × plant spacing 65 cm). The hole is circular, with a diameter of 22-27 cm and a depth of 12±1 cm. 750 kg·hm2 of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer produced by Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is sprinkled on the left side of the hole. -2 (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 13-8-15), spread the base fertilizer on the right side;

[0111] (3) When the tobacco seedlings reach 4 leaves and 1 core, they are transplanted. When transplanting tobacco seedlings, the leaves of the tobacco seedlings are lifted vertically, with the roots facing downward, and the tobacco seedlings are placed vertically in a fertilizer mixed with purple sand and rapeseed cake. When transplanting, the tobacco seedlings are covered with base fertilizer and soil to prevent the tobacco seedlings from contacting with the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer on the left side and causing seedling burn. The transplanting depth is based on the standard of exposing 2-3 true leaves below the growth point of the tobacco seedlings;

[0112] (4) Soil-building during the clustering stage: When tobacco plants reach the clustering stage, high soil-building should be carried out after rain. The height of soil-building should be 12±2 cm above the base of the stem. After soil-building, 75 kg·hm2 of potassium nitrate should be applied. -2 , so that the moisture content of the soil around the stem base is between 75% and 80%;

[0113] (6) The tobacco fields will be managed and inspected subsequently, and the tobacco leaf harvesting measures after topping will be carried out in accordance with the national production standards (GB / T23221-2008).

[0114] Test Example 1

[0115] The test examples were tested according to the methods of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4. The control examples were tested with reference to the tobacco production technical standards of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province. The test was conducted in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong in 2021, and the test variety was Yueyan 97. When the flue-cured tobacco entered the vigorous growth period and mature period, the growth of the flue-cured tobacco root system, the changes in nicotine content and nicotinease activity in various organs were investigated. At the same time, the agronomic traits in the vigorous growth period, the changes in the conventional chemical composition of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, and the economic traits of the flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results are shown in Tables 1-6.

[0116] Table 1 Nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco in various organs of Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong (mg / g)

[0117]

[0118] As shown in Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 4 and the control example, after using the method in the embodiment, the nicotine content of each organ of flue-cured tobacco in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong Province during the vigorous and mature stages is significantly increased, and the increase in the root and leaf organs is relatively large, wherein the nicotine content of the root system during the vigorous and mature stages increases by 17%-28% and 18%-27%, the increase in the leaf organ is between 15%-40%, and the increase in the stem organ is relatively small, and the nicotine content during the vigorous and mature stages increases by 4%-22%. In Comparative Examples 1-3, when any one of biochar, purple sandy soil and rapeseed cake is missing in the basal fertilizer, the nicotine content of each organ during the vigorous and mature stages of flue-cured tobacco decreases, indicating that after using the basal fertilizer and method of the present invention, the nicotine content of the root system and leaves of flue-cured tobacco is significantly increased, and the nicotine synthesized by the root system can be effectively transported to the leaf organ.

[0119] Table 2 Changes in nicotinease activity in various organs of flue-cured tobacco in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong (U / g)

[0120]

[0121] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with Comparative Examples 1-4 and the reference example, after using the method in the embodiment, the nicotine synthase activity of the flue-cured tobacco in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong Province was improved during the vigorous growth period and the mature period, with an improvement range of 10%-40%, among which the activity of putrescine N-methyltransferase was the largest, increasing by 25%-40% and 15%-33% during the vigorous growth period and the mature period, respectively, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme activity value was increased the most, increasing by 2877.842U / g and 3446.7U / g during the vigorous growth period and the mature period, respectively. In Comparative Examples 1-3, when any one of biochar, purple sandy soil and rapeseed cake was lacking in the basal fertilizer, the nicotine synthase activity of the flue-cured tobacco during the vigorous growth period and the mature period decreased, indicating that after using the basal fertilizer and the method of the present invention, the basal fertilizer is around the root system, the pH value around the root system is increased, the invasion of bacteria to the loss root system can be avoided in the later growth period, the root system is kept healthy, the enzyme activity of the flue-cured tobacco root system is significantly improved, and the nicotine synthesis capacity of the root system is improved.

[0122] Table 3 Growth of flue-cured tobacco roots in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong

[0123]

[0124] As shown in Table 3, after using the method in Example 1, the root growth and development indicators of flue-cured tobacco in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong Province were improved during the vigorous growth period and mature period. The total root dry weight increased by 0.9g and 2.11g during the vigorous growth period and mature period, and the adventitious root dry weight increased by 0.58g and 1.41g, accounting for 64.44% and 66.82% of the total increase in the total root dry weight. The increase in root dry weight was mainly due to the increase in adventitious roots, and the number of adventitious roots increased by 8.1 and 16.0, indicating that the measures of soiling and potassium nitrate spraying after rain during the clustering period in Example 1 have a good promoting effect on the occurrence of adventitious roots; the active absorption area of ​​the root system during the vigorous growth period and mature period increased by 0.08m 2 、0.22m 2 , root activity increased by 62.6 and 29.1 Μg·g -1 ·h -1 The root activity and absorption area of ​​flue-cured tobacco were increased, indicating that the use of biochar and purple sand in Example 1 improved the physical properties of the soil, increased the air permeability of the soil, promoted the growth of underground roots, and significantly improved the ability of the flue-cured tobacco roots to absorb nutrients.

[0125] Table 4 Agronomic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco at maturity in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong

[0126]

[0127] As shown in Table 4, after using the method in Example 1, the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong Province, at maturity were improved to a certain extent, including plant height increased by 3.25 cm, an increase of 3.65%; stem girth increased by 0.54 cm, an increase of 5.56%; and leaf number increased by 0.5, an increase of 3.03%. This shows that the method in Example 1 can significantly improve the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco at maturity, but the performance is not significant.

[0128] Table 5 Economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong

[0129]

[0130] As shown in Table 5, after using the method in Example 1, the proportion of high-quality flue-cured tobacco in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong Province increased by 2.24 percentage points, and the proportion of medium-high quality tobacco increased by 3.09 percentage points; the yield increased by 92.06 kg / hm2, an increase of 3.81%; the output value increased by 6294.75 yuan / hm2, an increase of 8.62%, and the average price increased by 1.4 yuan, an increase of 4.63%. It shows that the method in Example 1 can increase the proportion of medium-high quality flue-cured tobacco and the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco, and effectively increase the income of tobacco farmers, but the improvement of economic traits is not significant.

[0131] Table 6 Chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong

[0132] deal with Total sugar / % Reducing sugar / % Nicotine / % Total nitrogen / % Chloride ion / % Potassium ion / % Sugar-alkali ratio Nitrogen-base ratio Comparison 31.8 19.1 1.94 1.56 0.34 3.98 15.64 0.76 Example 1 25.7 20.4 2.75 2.02 0.42 3.65 9.35 0.73

[0133] As shown in Table 6, after using the method in Example 1, the total sugar content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves in Gushi Town, Nanxiong, Guangdong Province has decreased significantly, by 5.9 percentage points, the difference between the two sugars has decreased, and the nicotine content has increased significantly, the nicotine content is 2.75% within the appropriate range (2.0%-3.0%), increased by 0.71 percentage points, the nicotine content has increased by 35%, and the sugar-alkali ratio is 9.35, which is 6.29 lower than the appropriate range (8.5-13.5). It shows that using the method in Example 1, the nicotine content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves increases, the sugar-alkali ratio and the nitrogen-alkali ratio are more suitable, and the chemical composition coordination is better.

[0134] Test Example 2

[0135] The test examples were tested according to the methods of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4. The control examples were implemented with reference to the tobacco production technical standards of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province. The test was conducted in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong in 2022, and the test variety was Yueyan 97. When the flue-cured tobacco entered the vigorous growth period and mature period, the growth of the flue-cured tobacco root system, the changes in nicotine content and nicotinease activity in various organs were investigated. At the same time, the agronomic traits in the vigorous growth period, the changes in the conventional chemical composition of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, and the economic traits of the flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results are shown in Tables 7-12.

[0136] Table 7 Nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco in various organs of Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong (mg / g)

[0137]

[0138] It can be seen from Table 7 that, compared with Comparative Example 4 and the control example, after using the method of the embodiment, the nicotine content of each organ of flue-cured tobacco in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong Province during the vigorous growth period and mature period is significantly increased, and the increase in the root and leaf organs is relatively large. Among them, the nicotine content of the root system during the vigorous growth period and mature period increases by 15%-31%, the increase in the leaf organ is between 10%-35%, the increase in the stem organ is smaller, and the increase in the nicotine content during the mature period is 8%-26%. In Comparative Examples 1-3, when any one of biochar, purple sandy soil and rapeseed cake is lacking in the basal fertilizer, the nicotine content of each organ during the vigorous growth period and mature period of flue-cured tobacco decreases. This shows that after using the basal fertilizer and method of the present invention, the nicotine content of the root system and leaves of flue-cured tobacco is significantly increased, the nicotine synthesized by the root system during the vigorous growth period can be effectively transported to the leaf organ, but the nicotine transport capacity during the mature period decreases, and the nicotine content of the overall tobacco organ is increased.

[0139] Table 8 Changes in nicotinease activity in various organs of flue-cured tobacco in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong (U / g)

[0140]

[0141] As can be seen from Table 8, compared with Comparative Example 4 and the control example, after using the method in the embodiment, the nicotine synthase activity of the flue-cured tobacco in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong Province was improved during the vigorous growth period and the mature period, with an improvement range of 7%-45%, among which the activity of putrescine N-methyltransferase was the largest, with a maximum increase of 42.44% and 43.44% during the vigorous growth period and the mature period, respectively, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme activity value was the largest, with an increase of 2079.290 U / g and 1955.533 U / g during the vigorous growth period and the mature period, respectively. In Comparative Examples 1-3, when any one of biochar, purple sandy soil and rapeseed cake was lacking in the basal fertilizer, the nicotine synthase activity of the flue-cured tobacco during the vigorous growth period and the mature period decreased, indicating that after using the basal fertilizer and the method of the present invention, the basal fertilizer is around the root system, the pH value around the root system is increased, the invasion of bacteria to the loss root system can be avoided in the later growth period, the root system is kept healthy, the enzyme activity of the flue-cured tobacco root system is significantly improved, and the nicotine synthesis capacity of the root system is improved.

[0142] Table 9 Growth of flue-cured tobacco roots in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong

[0143]

[0144] It can be seen from Table 9 that after tobacco leaves were planted according to the method in Example 1, various root growth and development indicators of flue-cured tobacco in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong Province, during the vigorous growth period and mature period were improved. The total root dry weight during the vigorous growth period and mature period increased by 0.68g and 2.15g, and the adventitious root dry weight increased by 0.43g and 1.72g, respectively, accounting for 63.24% and 80.00% of the total increase in the total root dry weight. Similar to Example 1, the increase in root dry weight was also mainly due to the increase in adventitious roots, and the number of adventitious roots increased by 9.97 and 15.53, indicating that the measures of soiling and potassium nitrate spraying after rain during the grouping period in Example 1 have a good promoting effect on the occurrence of adventitious roots; the active absorption area of ​​the root system during the vigorous growth period and mature period increased by 0.06m 2 、0.12m 2 , root activity increased by 65.37 and 25.96 Μg·g -1 ·h -1 The root activity and absorption area of ​​flue-cured tobacco increased, indicating that the use of biochar and purple sand in Example 2 can improve the physical properties of the soil, increase the air permeability of the soil, promote the growth of underground roots, and significantly improve the ability of the flue-cured tobacco roots to absorb nutrients.

[0145] Table 10 Agronomic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco at maturity in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong

[0146]

[0147] As shown in Table 10, after using the method in Example 1, the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong Province, at maturity stage were improved to a certain extent, among which the plant height increased by 8.32 cm, an increase of 3.65%; the stem girth increased by 0.44 cm, an increase of 4.63%; the number of leaves increased by 1, an increase of 5.58%, the leaf length and leaf width increased by 5.18 cm and 3.38 cm, and the internode increased by 0.24 cm. It can be seen that the method in Example 1 can significantly improve the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco at maturity stage, but the performance is not significant.

[0148] Table 11 Economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong

[0149]

[0150] As shown in Table 11, after using the method in Example 1, the proportion of high-quality tobacco leaves in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong Province increased by 2.09 percentage points, and the proportion of medium-high quality tobacco increased by 2.85 percentage points; the yield increased by 138.16 kg / hm2, an increase of 5.63%; the output value increased by 7836.34 yuan / hm2, an increase of 11.18%, and the average price increased by 1.49 yuan, an increase of 4.94%. It shows that the method in Example 2 can increase the proportion of medium-high quality tobacco leaves and the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco, effectively increase the income of tobacco farmers, and significantly improve various indicators of economic traits.

[0151] Table 12 Chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong

[0152] deal with Total sugar / % Reducing sugar / % Nicotine / % Total nitrogen / % Chloride ion / % Potassium ion / % Sugar-alkali ratio Nitrogen-base ratio Comparison 31.5 23.3 1.95 1.49 0.23 3.51 16.94 0.80 Example 1 26.2 21.1 2.45 1.97 0.57 3.75 10.69 0.80

[0153] As shown in Table 12, after using the method in Example 1, the total sugar content of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Mashi Town, Shixing, Guangdong Province decreased by 4.7 percentage points, the reducing sugar content changed slightly, the difference between the two sugars decreased, and the nicotine content increased significantly. The nicotine content was 2.45%, which was within the appropriate range (2.0%-3.0%), and increased by 0.5 percentage points. The nicotine content increased by 25.64%, and the sugar-alkali ratio was 10.69, which was within the appropriate range (8.5-13.5) and decreased by 5.25. It shows that using the method in Example 1, the nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased, the sugar-alkali ratio and the nitrogen-alkali ratio were more suitable, and the chemical composition coordination was better.

[0154] The applicant declares that the present invention uses the above-mentioned embodiments to illustrate a base fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves and its application, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above-mentioned embodiments to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement of the present invention, equivalent replacement of various raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

[0155] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0156] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

Claims

1. A basal fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves, characterized in that: The base fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves includes biochar, purple sandy soil and rapeseed cake.

2. The basal fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the biochar, purple sand and rapeseed cake is (1-3):(7-16):(1-2); Preferably, the rapeseed cake is fermented rapeseed cake.

3. Use of the basal fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in tobacco cultivation.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that The amount of the base fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves in tobacco cultivation is 5000-10000 kg / hm 2 .

5. A cultivation method for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves, characterized in that: The method comprises: (1) After plowing the tobacco field, the soil is leveled and crushed, and after ridge formation, a hole is made on the ridge to obtain a soil hole, and the base fertilizer for improving the nicotine content and quality of tobacco leaves and the tobacco-specific compound fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2 are applied to the soil hole from the sides; (2) transplanting the tobacco seedlings, placing the tobacco seedlings vertically in the soil hole with their roots facing downward, and then covering the tobacco seedlings; (3) When tobacco plants reach the clumping stage, soil should be added after rain, and potassium nitrate should be applied after soil addition. (4) Manage and inspect tobacco fields and harvest tobacco leaves after topping.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that The ridge height after the ridge forming in step (1) is 30-40 cm; Preferably, the depth of the soil hole in step (1) is 10-15 cm.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that The transplanting depth of the tobacco seedlings in step (2) is such that 2-3 true leaves are exposed below the growth point of the tobacco seedlings. Preferably, in step (2), the tobacco seedlings are placed vertically in the base fertilizer with their roots facing downward; Preferably, the covering in step (2) is carried out using base fertilizer and soil.

8. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The height of the soil in step (3) is that the height of the soil covering the base of the stem is greater than 10 cm.

9. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that: The amount of potassium nitrate used in step (3) is 70-80 kg / hm 2 .

10. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that: The potassium nitrate topdressing makes the moisture content of the soil surrounding the stem base be above 75%.