Multi-stage water turbine structure for improving hydroelectric generation efficiency

Abstract

The multistage water turbine structure is suitable for the field of hydroelectric generation and comprises a flow guide pipeline and a water wheel assembly, the water wheel assembly comprises a mounting disc, water wheel blades, a transmission assembly and a generator, a rotating shaft is provided with a brake disc and is controlled by a brake motor, and the transmission assembly conducts transmission through an inner gear ring, driven teeth and transmission teeth. The installation disc is provided with an angle adjusting device; the inner wall of the flow guide pipeline is provided with a contraction flow guide section and a flow disturbing structure; the protective shell is detachable and is provided with a heat dissipation and ventilation device; the brake system is controllable; according to the invention, the power generation efficiency is effectively improved, the device adapts to various water flow working conditions, stable operation of equipment is guaranteed, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to hydropower generation, and in particular to a multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydropower generation. Background Art

[0002] As the demand for clean energy continues to increase, hydropower generation, as an important way to utilize renewable energy, has attracted much attention for its technological development. Traditional turbines have a certain room for efficiency improvement in the process of hydropower generation. For example, the speed and flow direction of the water flow entering the turbine are not accurately controlled, which may cause uneven force on the turbine blades and affect the energy conversion efficiency. At the same time, the structure and performance of the turbine blades also have a key impact on the power generation efficiency. The energy utilization of traditional blades under the impact of water flow is not sufficient, and they are easily corroded and worn by water flow, shortening their service life. In addition, the transmission assembly may also cause energy loss due to problems such as component wear and poor lubrication in the process of transmitting the mechanical energy of the water wheel to the generator. In addition, under some complex water flow conditions, such as when the water flow velocity changes greatly, it is difficult for existing turbines to quickly adapt and maintain an efficient power generation state. Moreover, the performance stability and protection measures of the generator are also crucial to the reliability of the entire hydropower generation system. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydropower generation, comprising a guide pipe and a water wheel assembly installed inside the guide pipe, the water wheel assembly comprising a water wheel blade installed at the front end of a rotating shaft through a mounting plate, a transmission assembly connected to the rear end of the rotating shaft, and a generator connected to the transmission assembly, the rotating shaft on the water wheel assembly is equipped with a brake disc, the brake disc and the outer sides of the transmission assembly and the generator are provided with a protective shell, the brake disc is fixed by a support frame, and a driving brake motor is installed on the side of the brake disc, the transmission assembly comprises a connecting frame, an inner gear ring fixed on the connecting frame, a driven tooth rotatably installed in the middle of the inner gear ring, and three groups of transmission teeth installed inside the driven tooth and the inner gear ring, the inner gear ring is rotatably connected relative to the fixed seat, the transmission teeth are meshed with the inner gear ring, the rotation of the inner gear ring drives the driven tooth to rotate through the transmission teeth, and the driven tooth and the output shaft of the generator rotate synchronously.

[0005] Furthermore, at least two mounting plates are installed on the water wheel assembly, and three groups of spiral water wheel blades are evenly installed on each mounting plate, and the water wheel blades installed on the multiple groups of mounting plates are staggered with each other.

[0006] Furthermore, the water wheel blade includes an arc-shaped blade body and a cylindrical plug joint arranged at the rear end of the arc-shaped blade body, and the plug joint is inserted and fixed inside the plug hole on the side of the mounting plate, and an inclined water flow channel is opened on the upper surface of the arc-shaped blade body, and during the rotation of the water flow channel, water will flow inside the water flow channel toward the center, and in the second half of the rotation, the water will flow out from the center part to the outside.

[0007] Furthermore, the inner wall of the diversion pipe is provided with a diversion section that gradually shrinks along the water flow direction, and the surface of the diversion section is provided with a number of flow disturbance protrusions, the flow disturbance protrusions are spirally distributed, and flow disturbance grooves are formed between adjacent flow disturbance protrusions. When the water flows through the diversion section, the contracted shape can accelerate the water flow speed, so that the water flow impacts the water turbine blades more forcefully, thereby improving the rotation efficiency of the water turbine; and the spirally distributed flow disturbance protrusions and flow disturbance grooves can further disrupt the water flow, causing it to form a turbulent state, increasing the contact area and impact force between the water flow and the water turbine blades, thereby further improving the power generation efficiency of the water turbine, and the flow disturbance protrusions and flow disturbance grooves can also reduce the scouring and wear of the water flow on the inner wall of the diversion pipe to a certain extent, thereby extending the service life of the diversion pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, an angle adjustment device for adjusting the installation angle of the water turbine blades is provided on the mounting plate, and the angle adjustment device includes an adjustment seat connected to the mounting plate, an adjustment screw that penetrates the adjustment seat and is threadedly connected to the plug connector, and a rotating handle arranged at the end of the adjusting screw; by rotating the handle to rotate the adjusting screw, the plug connector can be moved axially along the screw in the adjustment seat, thereby changing the installation angle of the water turbine blades; under different water flow conditions, when the water flow speed is slow or fast, the angle of the water turbine blades can be adjusted to make it in an optimal stress state to improve the efficiency of the turbine; when the water flow speed is slow, the angle of the water turbine blades is increased to increase the stress area; when the water flow speed is fast, the angle is reduced to reduce the stress area to avoid damage to the water turbine blades.

[0009] Furthermore, the protective shell includes an upper shell and a lower shell that are detachably connected, the upper shell and the lower shell are sealed by a sealing gasket, and a heat dissipation hole and a ventilation device are provided on the protective shell, the ventilation device includes a fan installed at the heat dissipation hole and a temperature sensor for controlling the rotation of the fan; during the operation of the turbine, the transmission assembly and the generator will generate heat. If the heat cannot be dissipated in time, the performance and life of the equipment will be affected; when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature inside the protective shell rises to a set value, the fan is started to accelerate the air circulation, and the heat is brought out of the protective shell through the heat dissipation holes to ensure that the equipment operates within a normal temperature range; the detachable upper shell and lower shell facilitate the inspection and maintenance of the internal equipment, and the sealing gasket ensures the sealing of the protective shell to prevent dust and moisture from entering and affecting the normal operation of the equipment.

[0010] Furthermore, the brake motor is connected to a brake control system, which includes a controller, a speed sensor and a pressure sensor connected to the controller, the speed sensor is used to detect the rotational speed of the water wheel assembly, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the braking pressure of the brake disc; when the rotational speed of the water wheel assembly is too fast or emergency shutdown is required, the controller controls the start of the brake motor to brake the brake disc according to the rotational speed signal fed back by the speed sensor; during the braking process, the pressure sensor monitors the braking pressure in real time, and the controller adjusts the output power of the brake motor according to the pressure signal.

[0011] Furthermore, the transmission teeth in the transmission assembly are made of high-strength alloy steel, and have a quenching layer on the surface with a quenching hardness of HRC50-60. The quenching layer is used to improve the wear resistance of the transmission teeth, and the transmission teeth are meshed with the inner gear ring, and are used to drive the driven teeth to rotate through the transmission teeth when the inner gear ring rotates, thereby causing the driven teeth to drive the output shaft of the generator to rotate synchronously.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer surface of the arc-shaped blade body of the water turbine blade is covered with an anti-corrosion coating, which is an epoxy resin coating with a thickness of 0.3 - 0.5 mm. The anti-corrosion coating is used to prevent the arc-shaped blade body from being corroded when it comes into contact with water, and a cylindrical plug connector is provided at the rear end of the arc-shaped blade body, which is inserted into the plug hole on the side of the mounting plate to fix the water turbine blade on the mounting plate. An inclined water flow channel is provided on the upper surface of the arc-shaped blade body, which is used to guide water to flow from the inside of the water flow channel toward the center and from the center part to the outside during the rotation of the water turbine blade.

[0013] Furthermore, the generator is a permanent magnet synchronous generator, and an air gap adjustment device is provided between its rotor and stator. The air gap adjustment device includes an adjusting nut installed on the stator, an adjusting screw threadedly connected to the adjusting nut, and a positioning block fixed to the end of the adjusting screw and arranged opposite to the rotor. The air gap adjustment device is used to adjust the air gap between the rotor and the stator to ensure the stability of the power generation efficiency of the generator, and the output shaft of the generator rotates synchronously with the driven teeth in the transmission assembly to convert the mechanical energy generated by the water wheel assembly into electrical energy.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Through the unique design of the diversion pipe, the diversion section on its inner wall accelerates the water flow velocity, and the spoiler protrusions and spoiler grooves increase the contact area and impact force between the water flow and the turbine blades, so that the turbine blades can more effectively receive the water flow energy, thereby improving the rotation efficiency of the turbine and further improving the power generation efficiency of the entire system.

[0015] The turbine blades are arc-shaped and have special water channels, which guide the water flow in an orderly manner during rotation, improving the efficiency of the blades in utilizing the water energy. At the same time, the anti-corrosion coating on the outer surface of the blades effectively prevents the blades from rusting and corroding, prolonging the service life of the blades and reducing the decrease in power generation efficiency and increase in maintenance costs caused by blade damage.

[0016] The transmission teeth in the transmission assembly are made of high-strength alloy steel and are quenched to improve wear resistance, ensure stable transmission during long-term operation, reduce energy loss, and ensure efficient power transmission from the water wheel assembly to the generator, which helps maintain stable operation and efficient power generation of the generator.

[0017] The angle adjustment device on the mounting plate can adjust the angle of the turbine blades according to different water flow conditions, so that the blades are always in the best stress state. When the water flow speed changes, it can quickly adapt and maintain a high power generation efficiency, improving the adaptability of the turbine to complex water flow conditions.

[0018] The reasonable design of the protective shell, including the detachable structure, sealing gasket, heat dissipation holes and ventilation devices, effectively prevents dust and moisture from entering and affecting the normal operation of the equipment. At the same time, it promptly dissipates the heat generated by the transmission components and generator, ensuring that the equipment operates stably within the normal temperature range, extending the service life of the equipment, reducing the failure rate, and ensuring the long-term stable power generation of the entire multi-stage turbine structure.

[0019] The brake control system accurately controls the output power of the brake motor according to the feedback signals of the speed sensor and pressure sensor, achieving smooth braking and avoiding damage to the equipment caused by excessive braking. At the same time, it can accurately control the stopping position of the water wheel assembly, facilitate the maintenance and subsequent operation of the equipment, and improve the safety and reliability of the equipment operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a water wheel assembly of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the transmission assembly of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the transmission components of the structure of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a water wheel blade of the structure of the present invention; Figure 6 The figure is a schematic diagram of the water flow passage inside the water wheel blade of the structure of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. diversion duct; 2. water wheel assembly; 21. water wheel blade; 211. arc-shaped blade body; 2111. water flow channel; 212. plug connector; 22. support frame; 23. brake motor; 24. fixing seat; 25. generator; 26. mounting plate; 261. plug hole; 27. brake disc; 28. transmission assembly; 281. connecting frame; 282. transmission gear; 283. driven gear; 284. inner gear ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] See also Figure 1-6 The present invention provides a technical solution: a multi-stage turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydropower generation, the implementation method is as follows: Select a suitable installation location and ensure that the installation foundation of the diversion pipe 1 is solid and level. Use concrete to cast a special foundation seat, and reserve an installation groove on the foundation seat that matches the bottom of the diversion pipe 1. Lift the diversion pipe 1 to the installation location, slowly put it into the installation groove, use a level and a plumb line to check its verticality and horizontality, and after adjusting it to meet the requirements, use high-strength bolts to fix the diversion pipe 1 to the foundation seat. Use sealant and sealing gaskets to seal the joints of the diversion pipe 1 to prevent water leakage.

[0023] The inner wall of the diversion pipe 1 is provided with a diversion section that gradually shrinks along the water flow direction. When manufacturing the diversion pipe 1, a mold forming process is used to ensure the shape accuracy of the diversion section. The spoiler protrusions on the surface of the diversion section are manufactured by welding or one-piece forming process. The spoiler protrusions are accurately distributed in a spiral shape, and the depth and width of the spoiler grooves formed between adjacent spoiler protrusions are uniform. After the installation is completed, the inside of the diversion pipe 1 is surface treated to make its inner wall smooth and reduce water flow resistance, while ensuring that the shapes of the spoiler protrusions and spoiler grooves are not affected.

[0024] First, the rotating shaft is installed on the supporting bearing inside the diversion pipe 1 to ensure that the rotating shaft can rotate smoothly. The mounting plate 26 is installed at the front end of the rotating shaft. The mounting plate 26 and the rotating shaft are connected by a key and fastened by a nut to prevent the mounting plate 26 from loosening during operation. Each mounting plate 26 is evenly provided with a plug hole 261 for installing the water wheel blade 21. The hole diameter and depth of the plug hole 261 are precisely processed according to the size of the cylindrical plug connector 212 of the water wheel blade 21 to ensure that the plug connector 212 can be tightly inserted and fixed.

[0025] The installation process of the water wheel blade 21 is as follows: align the cylindrical plug connector 212 of the water wheel blade 21 with the plug hole 261 on the mounting plate 26, and gently insert the plug connector 212 until it completely enters the plug hole 261. If the plug connector 212 and the plug hole 261 fit tightly, you can use a rubber hammer to gently tap the water wheel blade 21 to install it in place. In the case where at least two mounting plates 26 are installed on the water wheel assembly 2, it is necessary to ensure that the water wheel blades 21 on each mounting plate 26 are staggered at a certain angle, for example, the water wheel blades 21 on adjacent mounting plates 26 are staggered by 60 degrees, so as to ensure that the water flow can evenly impact each water wheel blade 21 and improve the rotation efficiency of the water turbine.

[0026] The transmission assembly 28 is installed at the rear end of the rotating shaft, and the connecting frame 281 of the transmission assembly 28 is fixed to the rotating shaft by bolts to ensure a firm connection. The inner gear ring 284 is installed on the connecting frame 281 through a bearing so that it can rotate flexibly relative to the connecting frame 281. The driven gear 283 is installed on the shaft in the middle of the inner gear ring 284. The shaft and the inner gear ring 284 are connected by high-precision bearings to ensure that the driven gear 283 can rotate smoothly. Three sets of transmission teeth 282 are installed inside the driven teeth 283 and the inner gear ring 284. The transmission teeth 282 are precisely meshed with the inner gear ring 284, and the meshing clearance is controlled between 0.10.2 mm to ensure transmission efficiency and stability.

[0027] Install the generator 25 and fix it on a suitable bracket, which is firmly connected to the ground or other supporting structures. The input shaft of the generator 25 is connected to the driven tooth 283 in the transmission assembly 28 through a coupling to ensure that the two rotate synchronously. During the connection process, the position of the generator 25 should be accurately adjusted so that the coupling can be installed smoothly, and the input shaft of the generator 25 should be ensured to coincide with the axis of the driven tooth 283, with an error of no more than 0.1 mm, so as to reduce vibration and energy loss during rotation.

[0028] The rotating shaft on the water wheel assembly 2 is installed with a brake disc 27, which is installed on the rotating shaft through a key connection and fastened with a nut. The brake disc 27 is fixed by a support frame 22, and the support frame 22 is welded to the diversion pipe 1 or other fixed structure to ensure the stability of the position of the brake disc 27. The brake motor 23 is installed on the side of the brake disc 27, and the brake motor 23 is fixed to the support frame 22 by bolts. The output shaft of the brake motor 23 is parallel to the braking surface of the brake disc 27, and the gap between the two is within the specified range, generally 12 mm, so that they can effectively contact and generate braking force when braking is required.

[0029] The upper and lower shells of the protective shell are connected in a detachable manner, such as by bolts. Before installing the upper and lower shells, install the sealing gasket on the contact surface of the two. The sealing gasket is made of oil-resistant and water-resistant rubber material with a thickness of 35 mm. Paste or place the sealing gasket flatly on the sealing surface of the upper or lower shell to ensure that the sealing gasket has no wrinkles or damage. Then align the upper and lower shells and tighten them with bolts according to the specified torque. The spacing of the bolts is evenly distributed, generally 100-150 mm, to ensure the sealing effect.

[0030] Heat dissipation holes are provided on the protective shell. The shape of the heat dissipation holes can be circular or square. The aperture is determined according to the heat dissipation requirements and the strength requirements of the protective shell, and is generally 5-10 mm. The number and distribution of the heat dissipation holes should be reasonable, for example, multiple heat dissipation holes are evenly distributed on the top and sides of the protective shell. The fan of the ventilation device is installed at the heat dissipation hole. The fan is fixed to the protective shell by bolts. The power cord of the fan is introduced into the interior through the reserved holes on the protective shell and is connected to the temperature sensor and controller. The temperature sensor is installed inside the protective shell near the transmission assembly 28 and the generator 25, for example, on the outer casing of the transmission assembly 28 or on the base of the generator 25. Use thermal conductive glue to fit the temperature sensor tightly to the surface of the equipment to ensure that the temperature of the equipment can be accurately measured.

[0031] An angle adjustment device is installed on the mounting plate 26, and the adjustment seat is welded or bolted to the mounting plate 26 to ensure that the position of the adjustment seat is accurate and firm. The adjusting screw passes through the adjustment seat, and the adjusting screw and the adjustment seat are threaded, and the thread accuracy is medium accuracy, such as 6g level. One end of the adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the cylindrical plug connector 212 of the water wheel blade 21. When connecting, apply an appropriate amount of thread locking agent to the thread to prevent the adjusting screw from loosening during operation. A rotating handle is installed at the end of the adjusting screw. The rotating handle adopts a shape that is easy to operate, such as round or T-shaped. The rotating handle and the adjusting screw are welded or threaded to ensure a firm connection.

[0032] After the installation of the turbine is completed, the angle adjustment device is debugged. First, the turbine is in a stationary state, and the adjustment screw is rotated by rotating the handle to observe the angle change of the turbine blade 21. Use an angle measuring tool, such as a protractor or an inclination sensor, to measure the initial angle of the turbine blade 21 and record it. Then, according to the design requirements, gradually adjust the angle of the turbine blade 21. For example, when the water flow speed is slow, increase the angle of the turbine blade 21, and adjust the amplitude by 510 degrees each time. After adjustment, measure the angle again and record it. During the adjustment process, pay attention to whether the adjustment screw rotates smoothly, whether the turbine blade 21 can change the angle smoothly, and whether the connection between the adjustment seat and the plug connector 212 is firm. If it is found that the adjustment screw is difficult to rotate or the angle change of the turbine blade 21 is not smooth, check whether the thread is stuck or damaged by foreign objects, and clean or repair it in time. After the adjustment is completed, test run the turbine at different angles, measure its output power and efficiency, and determine the best angle setting of the turbine blade 21.

[0033] The brake motor 23 is connected to the brake control system, and the controller is installed in a suitable control box. The control box is installed in a location that is convenient for operation and maintenance, such as on the wall of a machine room near the turbine. The speed sensor is installed on the rotating shaft of the water wheel assembly 2, and the speed sensor is fixed with a bracket to ensure that the distance between the sensing head of the speed sensor and the surface of the rotating shaft is within the specified range, generally 13 mm, so as to accurately detect the rotation speed of the rotating shaft. The speed sensor is connected to the controller via a shielded cable, and the cable wiring should be reasonable to avoid electromagnetic interference. The pressure sensor is installed in the brake hydraulic system of the brake disc 27. If it is a mechanical braking method, it is installed on the brake mechanism to detect the brake pressure. The pressure sensor is connected to the controller via a cable. When connecting, ensure that the connection is firm and the signal transmission is stable.

[0034] After the brake control system is installed, it is debugged. First, start the turbine and make it run normally. The speed sensor starts to detect the speed of the water wheel assembly 2 and transmits the signal to the controller. The controller displays the current speed value and observes whether the displayed value is consistent with the actual speed. If there is an error, the speed sensor should be calibrated or adjusted. Then, simulate the situation where the speed of the water wheel assembly 2 is too fast, for example, by adjusting the water flow or other means to make the speed exceed the set maximum value. At this time, the controller should control the brake motor 23 to start according to the speed signal fed back by the speed sensor. Observe the braking condition of the brake disc 27, check whether the braking is smooth, and whether the water wheel assembly 2 can stop rotating within the specified time. During the braking process, the pressure sensor monitors the braking pressure in real time and transmits the signal to the controller. The controller adjusts the output power of the brake motor 23 according to the pressure signal. Observe whether the controller can accurately adjust the output of the brake motor 23 according to the pressure change to keep the braking pressure within an appropriate range. If it is found that the braking is not smooth or the pressure adjustment is inaccurate, check the connection and parameter settings between the brake motor 23, the braking mechanism, the pressure sensor and the controller, and make corresponding adjustments and optimizations.

[0035] As mentioned above, the various components of the transmission assembly 28 must ensure precise matching and connection during installation. The connecting frame 281, the inner gear ring 284, the driven gear 283 and the transmission gear 282 must be cleaned and inspected before installation to ensure that there are no impurities or damage on the surface. High-precision bearings must be used for the rotational connection of the inner gear ring 284 relative to the fixed seat 24. Special tools must be used when installing the bearings to ensure that the bearings are installed in place and the clearance meets the requirements. After the transmission teeth 282 are engaged with the inner gear ring 284, a manual rotation test must be performed to check the engagement to ensure smooth transmission without jamming. The coloring method can be used to check the meshing contact spots. The contact spots should be evenly distributed in the middle of the tooth surface, not less than 50% along the tooth length direction and not less than 40% along the tooth height direction. If poor meshing is found, adjust the position of the transmission teeth 282 or the inner gear ring 284 until a good meshing state is achieved.

[0036] The generator 25 is installed on a solid foundation, and the vibration frequency of the foundation should be far away from the natural frequency of the generator 25 to prevent resonance. When connecting the input shaft of the generator 25 and the driven tooth 283 in the transmission assembly 28, the coaxiality of the two should be accurately adjusted, and the coaxiality error should not exceed 0.05 mm. After the installation is completed, the generator 25 is debugged. First, the insulation resistance of the generator 25 is measured using an insulation resistance meter. The insulation resistance value should meet the specified requirements and is generally not less than 1 megohm. Then, the no-load test of the generator 25 is carried out, the turbine is started, and the generator 25 is operated under no-load conditions. The output voltage, frequency and waveform are measured. The voltage and frequency should be stable near the rated value, the waveform should be a sine wave, and the distortion should not exceed the specified range. If the voltage, frequency or waveform is found to be abnormal, the excitation system, winding and other components of the generator 25 should be checked and corresponding adjustments and repairs should be made. After the no-load test is normal, a load test is performed to gradually increase the load of the generator 25, measure its output power, efficiency, temperature rise and other parameters, and check whether the performance of the generator 25 under different loads meets the design requirements.

[0037] When installing the turbine blades 21, special attention should be paid to the connection firmness and angle consistency between the turbine blades 21 and the mounting plate 26. When inserting the plug connector 212 into the socket 261, ensure that the plug connector 212 is fully inserted to the bottom and fits tightly against the inner wall of the socket 261. For the plug connector 212 with threaded connection, the prescribed torque should be followed during the tightening process. The general torque value is 50100 Nm to ensure the reliability of the connection. After the installation is completed, check whether the installation angle of each turbine blade 21 meets the design requirements. The angle error between adjacent turbine blades 21 does not exceed 2 degrees. An angle template or special measuring tools can be used for measurement. If the angle error is large, it should be adjusted in time.

[0038] The turbine blades 21 are inspected regularly, including appearance inspection and performance inspection. The appearance inspection mainly checks whether there are cracks, wear, corrosion, etc. on the surface of the turbine blades 21. Minor wear on the surface can be repaired, such as using a grinding tool to polish the worn parts smooth and perform anti-corrosion treatment. If cracks or severe corrosion are found, the turbine blades 21 should be replaced in time. The performance inspection includes checking whether the water flow channel 2111 of the turbine blades 21 is unobstructed and whether there is any blockage by debris. The water flow channel 2111 can be cleaned with a high-pressure water gun or compressed air to ensure that the water flow can pass normally. At the same time, check the stress of the turbine blades 21 during operation, and observe whether the stress change is within the normal range through the stress sensor or monitoring system installed on the turbine blades 21. If abnormal stress is found, the cause should be analyzed. It may be a problem with the angle of the turbine blades 21, uneven water flow, etc., and corresponding measures should be taken in time to make adjustments. After completing the installation and debugging of the above-mentioned components, the overall debugging of the multi-stage turbine structure is carried out. First, check whether the connection of the entire system is firm, whether the components are installed in place, and whether there are leaks or damages in the pipes and lines. Then, gradually open the water inlet valve of the turbine to allow the water to slowly enter the diversion pipe 1, observe the startup of the water wheel assembly 2, whether the water wheel blades 21 can rotate smoothly, and whether the transmission assembly 28 and the generator 25 are working normally. During the startup process, monitor the various parameters of the system, such as speed, voltage, current, temperature, etc., and check whether the parameters change normally. If it is found that the startup is difficult or the parameters are abnormal, stop debugging immediately, find the cause and deal with it.

[0039] After the turbine is started normally, gradually increase the water flow rate to make the turbine run under different loads and observe its operating stability and power generation efficiency. Under different loads, measure the output power, efficiency and other performance indicators of the turbine and compare them with the design values. If it is found that there is a large deviation between the actual performance and the design value, a comprehensive inspection of the system is required, including the water flow state of the diversion pipe 1, the angle and performance of the turbine blades 21, the transmission efficiency of the transmission assembly 28, the performance of the generator 25, etc., to find out the factors affecting the performance and make optimization adjustments.

[0040] After the multi-stage turbine structure is officially put into operation, a complete operation monitoring system is established. Real-time monitoring of various operating parameters of the turbine, such as speed, water flow, inlet and outlet pressure, temperature, vibration, etc., and output parameters of the generator 25, such as voltage, current, power factor, frequency, etc. The monitoring data is collected by the sensor and transmitted to the monitoring center, which uses computer software to process and analyze the data. Set the parameter alarm value. When the monitoring parameter exceeds the alarm value, the system automatically sends an alarm signal to remind the operator to deal with it in time. For example, when the speed of the water wheel assembly 2 exceeds 120% of the rated speed, the speed sensor transmits the signal to the controller, and the controller triggers the alarm device to sound an alarm, and at the same time controls the brake motor 23 to start braking.

[0041] Regularly inspect the turbines to check the appearance, connection parts, lubrication conditions, etc. Check whether the protective shell is well sealed, whether the heat dissipation holes are unobstructed, and whether the ventilation device is working properly. Perform regular maintenance and care on key components such as turbine blades 21, transmission components 28, and generators 25, such as replacing lubricating oil, checking wear, and cleaning debris. According to the operation monitoring data and inspection conditions, formulate a reasonable equipment maintenance plan to promptly discover and solve potential problems and ensure the long-term stable and efficient operation of the multi-stage turbine structure.

Claims

1. A multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation, characterized in that: The invention comprises a flow guide pipe (1) and a water wheel assembly (2) installed inside the flow guide pipe (1), wherein the water wheel assembly (2) comprises a water wheel blade (21) installed at the front end of a rotating shaft via a mounting plate (26), a transmission assembly (28) connected to the rear end of the rotating shaft, and a generator (25) connected to the transmission assembly (28), the rotating shaft on the water wheel assembly (2) is installed with a brake disc (27), the outer sides of the brake disc (27), the transmission assembly (28) and the generator (25) are provided with a protective shell, the brake disc (27) is fixed via a support frame (22), and a driving brake motor (25) is installed on the side of the brake disc (27). 3), the transmission assembly (28) comprises a connecting frame (281), an inner gear ring (284) fixed on the connecting frame (281), a driven tooth (283) rotatably mounted in the middle of the inner gear ring (284), and three sets of transmission teeth (282) mounted inside the driven tooth (283) and the inner gear ring (284), the inner gear ring (284) is rotatably connected relative to the fixed seat (24), the transmission teeth (282) and the inner gear ring (284) are meshed, the rotation of the inner gear ring (284) drives the driven tooth (283) to rotate through the transmission teeth (282), and the driven tooth (283) and the output shaft of the generator (25) rotate synchronously.

2. A multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two mounting plates (26) are mounted on the water wheel assembly (2), and three groups of spiral water wheel blades (21) are evenly mounted on each mounting plate (26), and the water wheel blades (21) mounted on the multiple groups of mounting plates (26) are staggered with each other.

3. A multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water wheel blade (21) comprises an arc-shaped blade body (211) and a cylindrical plug connector (212) arranged at the rear end of the arc-shaped blade body (211), and the plug connector (212) is inserted and fixed inside a plug hole (261) on the side of the mounting plate (26), and an inclined water flow channel (2111) is provided on the upper surface of the arc-shaped blade body (211), and during the rotation of the water flow channel (2111), water flows inside the water flow channel (2111) toward the center, and in the second half of the rotation, the water flows out from the center to the outside.

4. A multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the diversion pipe (1) is provided with a diversion section that gradually contracts along the direction of the water flow, and the surface of the diversion section is provided with a plurality of flow disturbance protrusions, the flow disturbance protrusions are distributed in a spiral shape, and flow disturbance grooves are formed between adjacent flow disturbance protrusions. When the water flows through the diversion section, the contracted shape can accelerate the water flow speed, so that the water flow impacts the water wheel blades (21) more forcefully, thereby improving the rotation efficiency of the water turbine; and the spirally distributed flow disturbance protrusions and flow disturbance grooves can further disturb the water flow, so that it forms a turbulent state, increase the contact area and impact force between the water flow and the water wheel blades (21), thereby further improving the power generation efficiency of the water turbine, and the flow disturbance protrusions and flow disturbance grooves can also reduce the scouring and wear of the water flow on the inner wall of the diversion pipe (1) to a certain extent, thereby extending the service life of the diversion pipe (1).

5. A multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: An angle adjustment device for adjusting the installation angle of the water turbine blade (21) is provided on the installation disk (26), the angle adjustment device comprising an adjustment seat connected to the installation disk (26), an adjustment screw rod penetrating the adjustment seat and threadedly connected to the plug connector (212), and a rotating handle provided at the end of the adjustment screw rod; by rotating the handle to rotate the adjustment screw rod, the plug connector (212) can be moved along the screw rod axis in the adjustment seat, thereby changing the installation angle of the water turbine blade (21); under different water flow conditions, when the water flow speed is slow or fast, the angle of the water turbine blade (21) can be adjusted to make it in an optimal stress state, so as to improve the efficiency of the water turbine; when the water flow speed is slow, the angle of the water turbine blade (21) is increased to increase the stress area; when the water flow speed is fast, the angle is decreased to reduce the stress area, so as to avoid damage to the water turbine blade (21).

6. A multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective shell comprises an upper shell and a lower shell that are detachably connected, the upper shell and the lower shell are sealed by a sealing gasket, and a heat dissipation hole and a ventilation device are provided on the protective shell, the ventilation device comprises a fan installed at the heat dissipation hole and a temperature sensor for controlling the rotation of the fan; during the operation of the turbine, the transmission assembly (28) and the generator (25) generate heat, and if the heat cannot be dissipated in time, the performance and life of the equipment will be affected; when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature inside the protective shell rises to a set value, the fan is started to accelerate air circulation, and the heat is taken out of the protective shell through the heat dissipation hole, so as to ensure that the equipment operates within a normal temperature range; the detachable upper shell and the lower shell facilitate the inspection and maintenance of the internal equipment, and the sealing gasket ensures the sealing of the protective shell, preventing dust and moisture from entering and affecting the normal operation of the equipment.

7. A multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brake motor (23) is connected to a brake control system, which includes a controller, a speed sensor and a pressure sensor connected to the controller, wherein the speed sensor is used to detect the rotation speed of the water wheel assembly (2), and the pressure sensor is used to detect the braking pressure of the brake disc (27); when the rotation speed of the water wheel assembly (2) is too fast or emergency shutdown is required, the controller controls the brake motor (23) to start according to the rotation speed signal fed back by the speed sensor, so as to brake the brake disc (27); during the braking process, the pressure sensor monitors the braking pressure in real time, and the controller adjusts the output power of the brake motor (23) according to the pressure signal.

8. The multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission teeth (282) in the transmission assembly (28) are made of high-strength alloy steel and have a quenching layer on their surface with a quenching hardness of HRC50-60. The quenching layer is used to improve the wear resistance of the transmission teeth (282). The transmission teeth (282) are meshed with the inner gear ring (284) and are used to drive the driven teeth (283) to rotate through the transmission teeth (282) when the inner gear ring (284) rotates, thereby causing the driven teeth (283) to drive the output shaft of the generator (25) to rotate synchronously.

9. The multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the arc-shaped blade body (211) of the water wheel blade (21) is covered with an anti-corrosion coating, which is an epoxy resin coating with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 mm. The anti-corrosion coating is used to prevent the arc-shaped blade body (211) from being corroded when in contact with water. A cylindrical plug connector (212) is provided at the rear end of the arc-shaped blade body (211). The plug connector (212) is inserted into a plug hole (261) on the side of the mounting plate (26) so that the water wheel blade (21) is fixed on the mounting plate (26). An inclined water flow channel (2111) is provided on the upper surface of the arc-shaped blade body (211) for guiding water flow from the inside of the water flow channel (2111) to flow toward the center and out from the center to the outside during the rotation of the water wheel blade (21).

10. A multi-stage water turbine structure for improving the efficiency of hydroelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The generator (25) is a permanent magnet synchronous generator, and an air gap adjustment device is provided between the rotor and the stator. The air gap adjustment device comprises an adjustment nut mounted on the stator, an adjustment screw threadedly connected to the adjustment nut, and a positioning block fixed to the end of the adjustment screw and arranged opposite to the rotor. The air gap adjustment device is used to adjust the air gap between the rotor and the stator to ensure that the power generation efficiency of the generator (25) is stable, and the output shaft of the generator (25) rotates synchronously with the driven teeth (283) in the transmission assembly (28), so as to convert the mechanical energy generated by the water wheel assembly (2) into electrical energy.

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