Method for identifying surface ecological damage of coal mine area

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal mine area surface ecological damage identification method, and relates to the technical field of mining area environment monitoring. Comprising the following steps: acquiring surface ecological environment data of a to-be-detected coal mine area, and analyzing the surface ecological environment data to obtain an ecological sensing unit set consisting of a plurality of ecological sensing units; determining disturbance inducements of ecological environment evolution according to the ecological environment state of the coal mine area to be detected, and constructing a disturbance source set; and determining a spatio-temporal topological relation and a semantic logic relation between the ecological perception unit set and the disturbance source set to obtain a mining field knowledge set. And constructing a hypernetwork model, and then constructing a surface ecological environment evolution knowledge graph. And constructing a coal mine area surface ecological environment damage sensing system, identifying an ecological environment damage area and a mining target area in the mining process, and obtaining the surface ecological damage of the coal mine area to be detected. According to the method, the ecological environment damage caused by resource mining can be actively found, and the non-standard mining condition is further identified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining area environmental monitoring, and in particular to a method for identifying surface ecological damage in a coal mining area. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of my country's economy and society has put forward an increasingly urgent demand for the development of energy and mineral resources. However, the long-term, large-scale and destructive underground mining methods have seriously affected the ecological environment of the mining area, threatening the sustainable economic and social development of the coal mining area and the safety of people's lives and property. Early perception, intelligent identification, risk assessment and ecological construction of the ecological environment status of coal mining areas have become urgent needs for the advancement of national mine construction in the new era.

[0003] In the existing technology, the traditional analysis and evaluation of the evolution of the surface ecological environment in coal mining areas are mostly based on data such as satellite remote sensing, ground monitoring, and mining plans in coal mining areas. Experts in the field (ecological environment, geology, etc.) conduct interpretation of the surface ecological environment in coal mining areas, select and construct indicator systems, and construct analysis, expression and evaluation models. Finally, an analysis report on the surface ecological environment in coal mining areas under resource mining disturbance is formed. The specific process includes: according to the needs of the analysis of the ecological environment in coal mining areas, collect or purchase remote sensing images, drone images, economic and social development, topography, climate, river systems, and surface deformation monitoring data, working face layout plans, etc., and analyze and organize them. According to the specific needs of the ecological evaluation of the evolution of the surface ecological environment in underground mining areas, image interpretation, deformation monitoring processing, and statistics and analysis of economic and social data are carried out at different stages of the studied coal mining areas. Ecological and environmental evaluation experts select and construct ecological and environmental analysis and indicator layers based on monitoring needs, and construct ecological analysis and identification models for the evaluation of the ecological environment status in coal mining areas. Ecological and environmental experts use the obtained ecological monitoring data, combined with the obtained ecological analysis indicator system and analysis model, to give the results of ecological analysis and evaluation of the ecological environment in the mining area. Experts in the field understand the ecological interpretation and ecological survey conditions, and based on the results of the ecological assessment, conduct an analysis of the sources of mining disturbance, assess the safety status of the evolution of the surface ecological environment in underground mining areas, provide ecological reclamation plans, make recommendations for the restoration of the mining area's ecological environment, or provide corresponding feasible plans to form an assessment report.

[0004] The defects of the above-mentioned existing technologies are: the analysis of the evolution of the ecological environment in coal mining areas mostly relies on field experts to collect relevant data on the evolution of the ecological environment, construct ecological evaluation indicators, select evaluation models, and evaluate the surface ecological environment conditions caused by resource mining disturbances. Most of them are post-analysis, and it is difficult to effectively perceive illegal mining, cross-border mining, and excessively intensive mining, and to give reasonable warnings and prompts in a timely manner. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas in response to the above technical problems.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying surface ecological damage in a coal mining area, comprising:

[0007] Obtain the surface ecological environment data of the coal mining area to be tested;

[0008] The surface ecological environment data is analyzed to obtain an ecological perception unit set EPU composed of multiple ecological perception units S ; Ecological Perception Unit Collection EPU S It is used to describe the surface ecological environment status of the coal mining area to be measured. Multiple ecological perception units have their own spatial information, attribute information, semantic information and temporal information;

[0009] According to the ecological environment status of the coal mining area to be tested, the disturbance inducement of ecological environment evolution is determined, and the disturbance source set eds is constructed. The disturbance source set eds is used to characterize the disturbance source of environmental damage affecting the surface ecology in the ecological element perception unit;

[0010] Determine the ecological perception unit set EPU S The spatiotemporal topological relationship and semantic logical relationship between the disturbance source set eds are expressed as rule description indicators based on domain knowledge, and the domain knowledge set DKME is obtained; the domain knowledge set DKME is used to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological perception units under the influence of disturbance sources;

[0011] According to the Ecological Perception Unit (EPU) S , the correlation, redundancy and applicability between the disturbance source set eds, the domain knowledge set DKME and the risk assessment model, hierarchically construct the subject subnet, analysis indicator subnet, assessment model subnet and disturbance object subnet to obtain the super network model; the super network model is used to obtain, optimize and update the mining domain knowledge base;

[0012] Based on the mining domain knowledge base, combined with the ecological perception unit set EPU S , disturbance source set eds and domain knowledge set DKME, to construct the knowledge graph of surface ecological environment evolution in the coal mining area to be tested;

[0013] The data information of the mining process of the coal mining area to be tested is matched with the rule knowledge in the knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment to build a surface ecological environment damage perception system for the coal mining area; the hypernetwork model is associated with the surface ecological environment damage perception system for the coal mining area to identify the ecological environment damaged areas and mining target areas during the mining process to obtain the surface ecological damage of the coal mining area to be tested.

[0014] Optionally, analyzing the surface ecological environment data includes the following steps:

[0015] Obtain multi-source information of surface ecological environment data, including remote sensing images and topographic mapping data;

[0016] Extract features from multi-source information to obtain surface ecological features;

[0017] According to the surface ecological characteristics, the surface ecological environment data is divided into land object types to obtain the ecological perception unit set EPU S ;EPU S ={epu 1 ,epu 2 ,…,epu k ,…,epu n}, epu k is the kth ecological perception unit,

[0018] Wherein, k and n are positive integers.

[0019] Optionally, the ecological perception unit set EPUs includes an attribute set EPUA and a relationship set REPU, and includes the following steps:

[0020] Ecological Perception Unit Set EPU S Carry out structured description to obtain the attribute set EPUA that represents the attributes of the ecological element perception unit; EPUA i ={EPUA i1 ,EPUA i2 ,…,EPUA ik ,…,EPUA in},EPUA ik is the kth attribute of the i-th EPU unit;

[0021] Ecological Perception Unit Set EPU S Carry out group relationship description and obtain the relationship set REPU that represents the group relationship between ecological perception unit groups; REPU ij ={REPU ij1 ,REPU ij2 ,…,REPU ijk ,…,REPU ijn};REPU ijk is the kth relationship information between the i-th EPU unit and the j-th EPU unit;

[0022] Wherein, i, j, k and n are positive integers.

[0023] Optionally, the ecological perception unit set EPU S Carry out structured description, including the following steps:

[0024] The spatial information, semantic information and temporal information of each ecological perception unit are classified into three categories: basic attributes, performance attributes and environmental adaptability;

[0025] Each attribute of each ecological perception unit under each category is recorded in a standardized description format to form a preliminary EPU A ;

[0026] Integrate the attribute information of all ecological perception units to obtain the complete attribute set EPUA;

[0027] Ecological Perception Unit Set EPU S Conduct group relationship description, including the following steps:

[0028] According to the ecological perception unit EPU S The spatial distribution, functional positioning and data interaction mode of each ecological perception unit in the system are used to obtain the interaction mode between the units;

[0029] According to the interaction mode between units, adjacent ecological perception units are divided into homology relationship, same-genus relationship, similarity relationship and evolutionary homogeneity relationship, and the specific relationship indicators under each category are determined;

[0030] Each type of relationship between perceptual units is described through a standardized description language, including the strength, direction and influence of the relationship;

[0031] Integrate the relationship descriptions between all perception units to form a complete relationship set REPU.

[0032] Optionally, determining the disturbance inducement of the ecological environment evolution according to the ecological environment state of the coal mining area to be measured includes the following steps:

[0033] The ecological environment status of the coal mining area to be tested and the mining geological disasters are superimposed and analyzed in time and space to obtain the potential areas of mining geological disasters in the coal mining area to be tested;

[0034] Confirm the type, scale and impact range of mining geological hazards in potential areas through remote sensing image interpretation;

[0035] The types, scales and impact ranges of mining geological hazards in potential areas are integrated to obtain a disturbance source set including natural disturbances, mining disturbances and human activity disturbances. s ={eds 1 ,eds 2 ,…,eds i ,…,eds n}, eds i is the i-th mining domain knowledge indicator, i and n are positive integers.

[0036] Optionally, obtaining the domain knowledge set DKME includes the following steps:

[0037] Identify and quantify the spatiotemporal topological relationship between mining activities and disturbed ecological perception units and the semantic logical relationship that characterizes the changing trend of the surface ecological environment;

[0038] Construct a rule description index to express the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological perception units under mining disturbance, and obtain a domain knowledge set DKME covering the evolution law of ecological elements, spatiotemporal topological relations and semantic logical relations; DKME S =={dkme 1 ,dkme 2 ,…,dkme k ,…,dkme n},dkme k is the kth mining domain knowledge indicator, k and n are positive integers.

[0039] Optionally, the domain knowledge set DKME specifically includes: time chain relationship, spatial relationship, co-location relationship, extension direction similarity, shape similarity, triggering probability, and distribution pattern of the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological perception units under mining disturbance.

[0040] Optionally, constructing a knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment of the coal mining area to be tested includes the following steps:

[0041] Integrate the spatial information, attribute information, semantic information and temporal information of the ecological perception units in the coal mining area to be tested to obtain an ecological data set;

[0042] Through semantic network technology, the entities, attributes and relationships in the ecological data set are mapped into nodes, edges and labels in the knowledge graph to obtain the knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment.

[0043] Optionally, matching the data information during the mining process of the coal mining area to be tested with the rule knowledge in the knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment includes the following steps:

[0044] Obtain real-time monitoring data during the mining process of the coal mining area to be tested, including mining location, depth and intensity;

[0045] Convert the format of real-time monitoring data into a format compatible with the knowledge graph;

[0046] Through the intelligent matching algorithm, the format-converted monitoring data is compared with the rule knowledge in the knowledge graph to identify the surface deformation results of mining activities on the surface ecological environment.

[0047] Optionally, identifying areas where the ecological environment is damaged during mining includes the following steps:

[0048] Through the surface deformation results provided by the surface ecological environment damage perception system in coal mining areas, the mining field knowledge base provided by the hypernetwork model, and the evolution law of the surface ecological environment, the potential impact areas of mining activities on the ecological environment are identified;

[0049] Based on the identification results of potential impact areas, mark the areas where the ecological environment of the coal mining area to be tested is damaged during the mining process.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned method for identifying ecological damage on the surface of coal mining areas provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] By placing the ecological perception unit EPU of the coal mine area to be tested S , disturbance source set eds, and domain knowledge set DKME are combined to build a super network model; then based on the mining domain knowledge base, combined with the ecological perception unit set EPU S , disturbance source set eds and domain knowledge set DKME, to construct a knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment in the coal mining area to be tested; the knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment can collect relevant data on the evolution of the ecological environment in a timely manner and the collected data is high in accuracy, which can solve the problems of low recognition efficiency, untimely updating of recognition knowledge, low recognition accuracy, delayed analysis and lack of some knowledge caused by the excessive reliance on post-identification and passive discovery of domain experts in traditional underground coal mining areas.

[0052] By matching the data information of the coal mining process in the tested coal mining area with the rule knowledge in the knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment, the ambiguity and inconsistency in the data structure, concept, feature and relationship expression can be resolved. This can proactively discover the ecological environmental damage caused by resource mining, and further identify irregular mining situations such as illegal mining, over-layer mining, and excessive-intensity mining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for identifying surface ecological damage in a coal mining area provided in an embodiment;

[0054] Figure 2 A satellite image of the study area on September 23, 2010, for a method for identifying surface ecological damage in a coal mining area provided in an embodiment;

[0055] Figure 3 A satellite image of the study area on September 18, 2020, for a method for identifying surface ecological damage in a coal mining area provided in an embodiment;

[0056] Figure 4 A distribution map of ecological perception units in the 20200918 study area of ​​a method for identifying surface ecological damage in a coal mining area provided in an embodiment;

[0057] Figure 5 A distribution map of ecological perception units in the 20100923 study area of ​​a method for identifying surface ecological damage in a coal mining area provided in an embodiment;

[0058] Figure 6 A hypernetwork diagram of a method for identifying surface ecological damage in a coal mining area provided in an embodiment;

[0059] Figure 7 A risk identification knowledge graph of a method for identifying surface ecological damage in a coal mining area provided in an embodiment;

[0060] Figure 8 An example diagram of collapsed water bodies in a method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas provided in an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0062] In one embodiment, a method for identifying ecological damage on the surface of a coal mining area is provided, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0063] Step 1: Obtain the surface ecological environment data of the coal mining area to be tested

[0064] Select the coal mining area to be tested, and collect and obtain data related to the ecological environment of the coal mining area to be tested according to the needs of scale research, including data from aerospace, aviation, ground monitoring and field investigation, such as remote sensing images and topographic mapping data (such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 (As shown, images at different phases).

[0065] Step 2: Analyze the surface ecological environment data to obtain an ecological perception unit set EPU consisting of multiple ecological perception units S . Ecological Perception Unit Collection EPU S It is used to describe the surface ecological environment status of the coal mining area to be tested. Multiple ecological perception units have their own spatial information, attribute information, semantic information and temporal information.

[0066] The analysis of surface ecological environment data includes the following steps:

[0067] Obtain multi-source information of surface ecological environment data, including remote sensing images and topographic mapping data. Extract features from multi-source information to obtain surface ecological features. Divide the types of surface ecological environment data according to surface ecological features to obtain the set of ecological perception units (EPUs). S ;EPU S ={epu 1 ,epu 2 ,…,epu k ,…,epu n}, epu k is the kth ecological perception unit, where k and n are positive integers.

[0068] Specifically: Based on the Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing Image (RS), surveying and mapping and other technical means, image interpretation is carried out to construct ecological element analysis and evaluation units of the surface of the mine area at different times, including surface land, subsidence land, waterlogged subsidence area, bare land, water bodies, vegetation, structures, roads, and mining geological disasters. Based on the ecological element units, an ecological perception unit set EPU is constructed to describe the ecological environment status of the coal mining area to be tested. S ;EPU S ={epu 1 ,epu 2 ,…,epu k ,…,epu n}, epu k is the kth ecological perception unit (such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, such as waterlogged collapsed land, bare land, etc.).

[0069] The set of ecological perception units EPUs includes the attribute set EPUA and the relationship set REPU, specifically:

[0070] 2.1 Ecological Perception Unit Set EPU S Carry out structured description to obtain the attribute set EPUA that represents the attributes of the ecological element perception unit; EPUA i ={EPUA i1 ,EPUA i2 ,…,EPUA ik ,…,EPUA in},EPUA ik is the kth attribute of the i-th EPU unit.

[0071] Among them, the ecological perception unit set EPU S The specific process of carrying out structured description is:

[0072] The structured description includes: classifying the spatial information, semantic information and temporal information of each ecological perception unit into three categories: basic attributes, performance attributes and environmental adaptability. Recording each attribute of the ecological perception unit under each category in a standardized description format forms a preliminary EPU. A . Integrate the attribute information of all ecological perception units to obtain the complete attribute set EPUA.

[0073] 2.2 Ecological Perception Unit Set EPU S Carry out group relationship description, extract the group relationship between ecological perception unit groups based on spatial analysis methods; construct a relationship set REPU that describes the relationship information between ecological element perception unit groups; REPU ij ={REPU ij1 ,REPU ij2 ,…,REPU ijk ,…,REPU ijn},REPU ijk It is the kth relationship information between the i-th EPU unit and the j-th EPU unit.

[0074] Among them, the ecological perception unit set EPU S The specific process of carrying out group relationship description is as follows:

[0075] According to the ecological perception unit EPU S The spatial distribution, functional positioning and data interaction mode of each ecological perception unit in the dataset are obtained to obtain the interaction mode between units. According to the interaction mode between units, adjacent ecological perception units are divided into homology, same-genus, similarity and evolutionary homogeneity, and the specific relationship indicators under each category are determined. Each type of relationship between each perception unit is described by a standardized description language, including the strength, direction and influence of the relationship. The relationship descriptions of all perception units are integrated to form a complete relationship set REPU.

[0076] Step 3 determines the disturbance causes of ecological environment evolution according to the ecological environment status of the coal mining area to be tested, and constructs the disturbance source set eds. The disturbance source set eds is used to characterize the disturbance sources of environmental damage affecting the surface ecology in the ecological element perception unit.

[0077] The specific process is as follows: Aiming at the needs of surface environmental damage and identification in underground mining areas, the disturbance inducements of ecological environment evolution in underground mining areas are analyzed. The ecological environment status of the coal mining area to be tested is superimposed and analyzed in time and space with mining geological hazards to obtain potential areas with mining geological hazards in the coal mining area to be tested. The type, scale and impact range of mining geological hazards in the potential area are confirmed through remote sensing image interpretation. The type, scale and impact range of mining geological hazards in the potential area are integrated to obtain a set of disturbance sources including natural disturbances, mining disturbances and human activity disturbances. s ={eds 1 ,eds 2 ,…,eds i ,…,eds n}, eds i is the i-th mining domain knowledge indicator, i and n are positive integers.

[0078] Step 4 Determine the Ecological Perception Unit Set EPU S The spatiotemporal topological relationship and semantic logical relationship between the disturbance source set eds are expressed as rule description indicators based on domain knowledge, and the domain knowledge set DKME is obtained. The domain knowledge set DKME is used to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological perception units under disturbance sources.

[0079] The specific process is: clarify the evolution law of ecological elements in the coal mining area to be tested under the disturbance source, define, analyze and explore the spatiotemporal topological relationships such as association, adjacency, linkage, lag, etc. between resource mining units (such as working face objects) and disturbed ecological perception unit objects, as well as the semantic logical relationships that characterize the changing trends of the surface ecological environment.

[0080] Identify and quantify the spatiotemporal topological relationship and semantic logical relationship between mining activities and disturbed ecological perception units, construct rule description indicators for expressing the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological perception units under mining disturbance, and obtain a domain knowledge set DKME including spatiotemporal topological relationship and semantic logical relationship. S =={dkme 1 ,dkme 2 ,…,dkme k ,…,dkme n},dkme k is the kth mining domain knowledge indicator, k and n are positive integers.

[0081] The domain knowledge set DKME specifically includes: the time chain relationship, spatial relationship, co-location relationship, extension direction similarity, shape similarity, triggering probability and distribution pattern of the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological perception units under mining disturbance.

[0082] Step 5: Based on the Eco-Perception Unit (EPU) S, the correlation, redundancy and applicability between the disturbance source set eds, the domain knowledge set DKME and the risk assessment model, hierarchically construct the subject subnet, analysis indicator subnet, evaluation model subnet and disturbance object subnet to obtain the super network model, which is used to acquire, optimize and update the mining domain knowledge base.

[0083] Evaluate Ecological Perception Unit (EPU) S , the correlation, redundancy and applicability between the disturbance source set eds, the domain knowledge set DKME and the risk assessment model, hierarchically construct the subject subnet, analysis indicator subnet, assessment model subnet and disturbance object subnet, and obtain the super network model for knowledge acquisition, knowledge expression and update for the evolution of the surface ecological environment in coal mining areas (such as Figure 6 Among them, the risk assessment model is a conventional analysis and evaluation model.

[0084] Step 6 Based on the mining domain knowledge base, combined with the ecological perception unit set EPU S , disturbance source set eds and domain knowledge set DKME, to construct the knowledge graph of surface ecological environment evolution in the coal mining area to be tested.

[0085] Using the extracted ecological perception unit object EPU S The spatial information, attribute information, semantic information and temporal information of the coal mining area to be tested are collected to solve the ambiguity and inconsistency in the expression of data structure, concept, feature and relationship, and to construct a knowledge map of the evolution of the surface ecological environment in the coal mining area to be tested (such as Figure 7 shown).

[0086] The construction process is as follows: integrate the spatial information, attribute information, semantic information and temporal information of the ecological perception units in the coal mining area to be tested to obtain an ecological data set. Through semantic network technology, the entities, attributes and relationships in the ecological data set are mapped to nodes, edges and labels in the knowledge graph to obtain a knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment.

[0087] Step 7 matches the data information during the mining process of the coal mining area to be tested with the rule knowledge in the knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment to build a surface ecological environment damage perception system for the coal mining area.

[0088] Based on the constructed knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment, and based on technologies such as the Internet of Things, geographic information systems, drones, and virtual reality, various data information such as monitoring, perception, and resource extraction are matched with the rule knowledge in the knowledge graph to build a surface ecological environment damage perception system for coal mining areas that integrates ecological perception units, image processing and display, real-time perception, comprehensive analysis, risk source identification, and risk warning.

[0089] The matching process is as follows: obtain real-time monitoring data during the mining process of the coal mining area to be tested, including mining location, depth and intensity. Convert the format of the real-time monitoring data into a format compatible with the knowledge graph. Through the intelligent matching algorithm, compare the converted monitoring data with the rule knowledge in the knowledge graph to identify the surface deformation results caused by mining activities on the surface ecological environment.

[0090] Step 8 associates the hypernetwork model with the coal mining area surface ecological environment damage perception system.

[0091] Link the coal mining area surface ecological environment evolution perception system with the spatiotemporal knowledge graph, assign spatiotemporal coding to the ecological perception unit objects, and conduct graph-based management.

[0092] Step 9 identifies the ecological environment damaged areas and mining target areas during the mining process, and obtains the surface ecological damage of the coal mining area to be tested.

[0093] The specific identification process is as follows: through the surface deformation results provided by the surface ecological environment damage perception system of the coal mining area, the mining field knowledge base provided by the hypernetwork model, and the evolution law of the surface ecological environment, the potential impact areas of mining activities on the ecological environment are identified. According to the identification results of the potential impact areas, the ecological environment damaged areas and mining target areas in the coal mining area to be tested during the mining process are marked, and the surface ecological damage (such as Figure 8 shown).

[0094] Step 10: Prepare an ecological and environmental impact analysis and assessment report for the coal mining area based on the identification results of surface ecological damage.

[0095] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas, characterized in that: include: Obtain the surface ecological environment data of the coal mining area to be tested; The surface ecological environment data is analyzed to obtain an ecological perception unit set EPU composed of multiple ecological perception units S ; The ecological perception unit set EPU S Used to describe the surface ecological environment status of the coal mining area to be measured, the multiple ecological perception units have their own spatial information, attribute information, semantic information and time series information; Determine the disturbance inducement of ecological environment evolution according to the ecological environment state of the coal mining area to be tested, and construct a disturbance source set eds, wherein the disturbance source set eds is used to characterize the disturbance source of environmental damage affecting the surface ecology in the ecological element perception unit; Determine the ecological perception unit set EPU S The spatiotemporal topological relationship and semantic logical relationship between the disturbance source set eds are expressed as rule description indicators based on domain knowledge to obtain the domain knowledge set DKME; the domain knowledge set DKME is used to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of the ecological perception unit under the influence of the disturbance source; According to the Ecological Perception Unit (EPU) S , the correlation, redundancy and applicability between the disturbance source set eds, the domain knowledge set DKME and the risk assessment model, hierarchically construct the subject subnet, analysis indicator subnet, assessment model subnet and disturbance object subnet to obtain a super network model; the super network model is used to obtain, optimize and update the mining domain knowledge base; Based on the mining domain knowledge base, combined with the ecological perception unit set EPU S , disturbance source set eds and domain knowledge set DKME, to construct the knowledge graph of surface ecological environment evolution in the coal mining area to be tested; The data information of the mining process of the coal mining area to be tested is matched with the rule knowledge in the knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment to build a surface ecological environment damage perception system for the coal mining area; the hypernetwork model is associated with the surface ecological environment damage perception system for the coal mining area to identify the ecological environment damaged areas and mining target areas during the mining process to obtain the surface ecological damage of the coal mining area to be tested.

2. A method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis of the surface ecological environment data includes the following steps: Acquire multi-source information of surface ecological environment data, the multi-source information including: remote sensing images and topographic mapping data; Extract features from multi-source information to obtain surface ecological features; According to the surface ecological characteristics, the surface ecological environment data is divided into land object types to obtain the ecological perception unit set EPU S ;EPU S ={epu1,epu2,…,epu k ,…,epu n }, epu k is the kth ecological perception unit, Wherein, k and n are positive integers.

3. A method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The ecological perception unit set EPUs includes an attribute set EPUA and a relationship set REPU, including the following steps: Ecological Perception Unit Set EPU S Carry out structured description to obtain the attribute set EPUA that represents the attributes of the ecological element perception unit; EPUA i ={EPUA i1 ,EPUA i2 ,…,EPUA ik ,…,EPUA in },EPUA ik is the kth attribute of the i-th EPU unit; Ecological Perception Unit Set EPU S Carry out group relationship description and obtain the relationship set REPU that represents the group relationship between ecological perception unit groups; REPU ij ={REPU ij1 ,REPU ij2 ,…,REPU ijk ,…,REPU ijn };REPU ijk is the kth relationship information between the i-th EPU unit and the j-th EPU unit; Wherein, i, j, k and n are positive integers.

4. A method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The ecological perception unit set EPU S Carry out structured description, including the following steps: The spatial information, semantic information and temporal information of each ecological perception unit are classified into three categories: basic attributes, performance attributes and environmental adaptability; Each attribute of each ecological perception unit under each category is recorded in a standardized description format to form a preliminary EPU A ; Integrate the attribute information of all ecological perception units to obtain the complete attribute set EPUA; The ecological perception unit set EPU S Conduct group relationship description, including the following steps: According to the ecological perception unit EPU S The spatial distribution, functional positioning and data interaction mode of each ecological perception unit in the system are used to obtain the interaction mode between the units; According to the interaction mode between units, adjacent ecological perception units are divided into homology relationship, same-genus relationship, similarity relationship and evolutionary homogeneity relationship, and the specific relationship indicators under each category are determined; Each type of relationship between perceptual units is described through a standardized description language, including the strength, direction and influence of the relationship; Integrate the relationship descriptions between all perception units to form a complete relationship set REPU.

5. A method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method of determining the disturbance inducement of the ecological environment evolution according to the ecological environment state of the coal mining area to be measured comprises the following steps: The ecological environment status of the coal mining area to be tested and the mining geological disasters are superimposed and analyzed in time and space to obtain the potential areas of mining geological disasters in the coal mining area to be tested; Confirm the type, scale and impact range of mining geological hazards in potential areas through remote sensing image interpretation; The types, scales and impact ranges of mining geological hazards in potential areas are integrated to obtain the disturbance source set eds; eds s ={eds1,eds2,…,eds i ,…,eds n }, eds i is the i-th mining domain knowledge indicator, i and n are positive integers; the disturbance source set eds includes natural disturbances, mining disturbances and human activity disturbances.

6. A method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the domain knowledge set DKME comprises the following steps: Identify and quantify the spatiotemporal topological and semantic logical relationships between mining activities and disturbed ecological perceptual units; Construct a rule description index to express the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological perception units under mining disturbance, and obtain a domain knowledge set DKME including spatiotemporal topological relationships and semantic logical relationships; DKME S =={dkme1,dkme2,…,dkme k ,…,dkme n },dkme k is the kth mining domain knowledge indicator, k and n are positive integers.

7. A method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The domain knowledge set DKME specifically includes: time chain relationship, spatial relationship, co-location relationship, extension direction similarity, shape similarity, triggering probability, and distribution pattern of the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological perception units under mining disturbance.

8. A method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment in the coal mining area to be tested includes the following steps: Integrate the spatial information, attribute information, semantic information and temporal information of the ecological perception units in the coal mining area to be tested to obtain an ecological data set; Through semantic network technology, the entities, attributes and relationships in the ecological data set are mapped into nodes, edges and labels in the knowledge graph to obtain the knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment.

9. A method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The matching of the data information of the mining process of the coal mining area to be tested with the rule knowledge in the knowledge graph of the evolution of the surface ecological environment includes the following steps: Obtain real-time monitoring data during the mining process of the coal mining area to be tested, including mining location, depth and intensity; Convert the format of real-time monitoring data into a format compatible with the knowledge graph; Through the intelligent matching algorithm, the format-converted monitoring data is compared with the rule knowledge in the knowledge graph to identify the surface deformation results of mining activities on the surface ecological environment.

10. A method for identifying surface ecological damage in coal mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identification of areas where the ecological environment is damaged during mining includes the following steps: Through the surface deformation results provided by the surface ecological environment damage perception system in coal mining areas, the mining field knowledge base provided by the hypernetwork model, and the evolution law of the surface ecological environment, the potential impact areas of mining activities on the ecological environment are identified; Based on the identification results of potential impact areas, mark the areas where the ecological environment of the coal mining area to be tested is damaged during the mining process.

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