Tree body management method for reducing rate of malformed fruits of Jinyan kiwi fruits

Abstract

The invention discloses a tree body management method for reducing the rate of malformed fruits of Jinyan kiwi fruits. On the basis of a traditional trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch three-stage tree body structure, fruiting branches of the current year of the three-stage tree body structure are reserved as fruiting mother branches of the next year to be used, so that a trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch four-stage tree body structure is formed, meanwhile, the conventional winter short-cut fruiting mother branches are changed into early spring short-cut fruiting mother branches, and the survival rate of the fruiting mother branches is increased. The nutrient content level of fruiting mother branches is relieved, normal flower bud morphological differentiation is promoted, the rate of flower bud morphological differentiation deformed flower buds is reduced, then the rate of deformed fruits is reduced, and the commodity fruit rate of the Jinyuan kiwi fruit adult orchard is increased by 20% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of kiwifruit cultivation, and in particular relates to a tree management method for reducing the ratio of deformed fruits of Actinidia chinensis. Background Art

[0002] Jinyan kiwifruit has the characteristics of large fruit, good yield, strong resistance, good fruit quality, and extremely resistant to storage. At present, the main tree structure used in the production area is the three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch", and there is a small amount of "main trunk-fruiting mother branch" secondary tree structure. In the specific planting and production process, it is found that with the increase of tree age, the tree nutrients accumulate, and the deformed fruit rate tends to increase. In the first two years of fruiting, the fruit shape of the tree is a regular long cylindrical shape. In the third year of fruiting and thereafter, the flat fruit rate increases, and fruit deformities are common. In some orchards, the fruit deformity rate is even more than 30%, which seriously affects consumers' desire to buy. The purchase price has been reduced again and again, reducing the benefits of the growers and affecting the development of the industry. In view of this situation, conventional tree management methods can no longer solve the problems of Jinyan kiwifruit, and cannot achieve the purpose of ensuring the commercial fruit rate and orchard benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to explore and research a set of practical and effective tree management techniques for Jinyan kiwifruit, reduce the rate of deformed fruit, increase the rate of commercial fruit, give full play to the advantages of Jinyan kiwifruit, ensure the benefits of the orchard, and promote industrial development. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing conventional patterned pruning methods and provide a tree management method for reducing the ratio of deformed fruits of Actinidia chinensis.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] Fully consider the timing of flower bud morphological differentiation and nutritional needs of the Jinyan kiwifruit tree, as well as the tree's pruning response in different environments and the nutritional content levels of different branch states. By selecting branches of appropriate thickness and density, and changing the tree structure, the nutrient delivery pathway is extended, the nutrient delivery process is eased, the ratio of deformed flower buds in flower bud morphological differentiation is reduced, and then the ratio of deformed fruits is reduced, and the rate of commercial fruit is increased.

[0006] A tree management method for reducing the rate of deformed fruit of Actinidia chinensis includes the following steps:

[0007] ① Select branches: Select one-year-old branches that grow strong on the main vine and are 10-15cm from the base with a diameter of 1-1.3cm. For a tree with one trunk and two vines, keep one branch every 25-30cm on the same side as the fruiting mother branches for the second year. For a tree with a round head, keep 12±2 branches evenly around the main trunk as the fruiting mother branches for the second year, and cut off other unnecessary branches.

[0008] ②Treat the retained branches: Do not prune the retained fruiting mother branches in winter. When they sprout and shoot 10-15cm long in the spring of the second year, cut them at a diameter of 0.8cm and remove the thin and weak part at the tail;

[0009] ③Transform the tree structure: gradually transform the three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch" in winter into a four-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch", that is, keep the fruiting branches of the three-level tree structure in the current year as the fruiting mother branches of the next year, with a branch spacing of 25-35cm, thus forming a four-level tree structure.

[0010] Preferably, the Actinidia chinensis plant is an adult tree with a tree age of more than 4 years.

[0011] Preferably, in winter, branches with a diameter less than 1 cm at 10-15 cm from the base of the fruiting mother branches or the side vines are kept 5-10 cm short;

[0012] Preferably, before June, the vigorous shoots growing on the base of the fruiting mother branches or on the side vines are twisted when the branches are semi-lignified or shortened to 5-15 cm when the branches are 30-40 cm, and the buds on the main trunk, the back buds on other branches, and the buds that arise after June are removed.

[0013] This method mainly considers the time nodes of flower bud morphological differentiation of Jinyan kiwifruit and the nutrient content levels of branches of various thickness states, changes the conventional winter pruning of fruiting mother branches to early spring pruning of fruiting mother branches, changes the three-level tree structure to a four-level tree structure, relaxes the nutrient content level of fruiting mother branches, promotes the normal differentiation of flower bud morphology, reduces the ratio of deformed flower buds in flower bud morphological differentiation, and then reduces the ratio of deformed fruits, thereby increasing the commercial fruit rate of Jinyan kiwifruit mature orchards by more than 20%.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

[0015] ①This method is easy to understand, simple to operate, and will not increase investment;

[0016] ② Increase the commercial fruit rate of Jinyan kiwifruit by more than 20% to ensure orchard output and industrial benefits;

[0017] ③ Used for the management of Golden Kiwifruit trees during the dormant and growing periods. Under normal management levels, it can not only maintain the standard tree shape, but also ensure yield benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a conventional three-level structural tree of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch".

[0019] Figure 2 It is a modified four-level structure tree of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch". DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Example 1 Effects of Four-Level Structure Pruning and Spring Pruning on the Ratio of Golden Deformed Fruit

[0021] The 8-year-old golden kiwifruit trees in Xinghua Village, Xijiadian Town, Danjiangkou City were selected as experimental materials. Two treatments were set up in the experiment. Treatment 1: winter pruning of plants with four-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch" + winter pruning of reserved fruiting mother branches, and treatment 2: winter pruning of plants with three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch" + spring pruning of reserved fruiting mother branches. The control was winter pruning of plants with three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch" + winter pruning of reserved fruiting mother branches. Each treatment had 5 plants, which were repeated 3 times, that is, 15 plants in total in each treatment. The specific methods are as follows:

[0022] ① Select branches: Select strong one-year-old branches growing on the main vine, with a diameter of 1-1.3 cm at a distance of 10-15 cm from the base, and keep a branch every 25-30 cm as the fruiting mother branch for the second year, and cut off other redundant branches;

[0023] ②Treatment of the retained branches: In late December, the retained fruiting mother branches were pruned at a diameter of 0.8 cm in both treatment 1 and control; in winter, the retained fruiting mother branches were not pruned, and in the spring of the second year, when the shoots sprouted and were 15 cm long, they were cut at a diameter of 0.8 cm to remove the thin and weak parts at the tail;

[0024] ③ Transform the tree structure: Treat the three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch" in winter ( Figure 1 ) gradually transformed into a four-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch" ( Figure 2 ), that is, the fruiting branches of the third-level tree structure in the current year are reserved as the fruiting mother branches (fourth-level branches) of the next year, with a branch spacing of 25-35cm; the control and treatment 2 retain the three-level tree structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch";

[0025] ④ Other tree management: In winter, branches growing on the base of fruiting branches or side vines but with a base thickness of 10-15cm and less than 1cm should be pruned back to 5-10cm. Before June, vigorous shoots growing on the base of fruiting branches or side vines should be twisted when they are semi-lignified or pruned back to 10cm when they are 30-40cm. Buds on the main trunk, buds on the back of other branches, and buds that sprout after June should be removed.

[0026] Three fruiting mother branches were randomly marked on 15 fruit trees in each treatment and control. In spring, bud removal, thinning of lateral flowers and small flowers, thinning of lateral fruits, small fruits, and fertilizer and water management were carried out normally. When the fruits matured in autumn, all fruits on the marked branches were collected, and the horizontal diameter and lateral diameter of the fruits were measured with a vernier caliper, and the lateral diameter / transverse diameter ratio of the fruits was calculated. Fruits with a ratio greater than or equal to 0.8 were classified as normal commercial fruits, and those with a ratio less than 0.8 were classified as deformed fruits.

[0027] The statistical results showed that the deformed fruit rate in the control group was 38.5%, and the commercial fruit rate was 61.5%; the deformed fruit rate in the group treated with winter pruning of the four-level structure of "main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch" was 24.3%, and the commercial fruit rate was 75.7%; the deformed fruit rate in the group treated with winter pruning of the three-level structure of "main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch" + spring pruning of reserved fruiting mother branches was 19.6%, and the commercial fruit rate was 80.4%.

[0028] Compared with the control group (three-level structure winter pruning), the commercial fruit rate of the four-level structure winter pruning treatment increased by 23.1%, and the deformed fruit rate decreased by 36.9%; the commercial fruit rate of the three-level structure reserved fruiting mother branches spring pruning treatment increased by 30.7% compared with the control group, and the deformed fruit rate decreased by 49.1%; the two treatments had a significant effect on reducing the deformed fruit rate of Jinyan and increasing the commercial fruit rate, and the operation was simple and easy, without additional investment, and was suitable for promotion to the industry.

Claims

1. A tree management method for reducing the ratio of deformed fruits of Actinidia chinensis, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: ① Select branches: Select one-year-old branches that grow strong on the main vine and are 10-15 cm from the base with a diameter of 1-1.3 cm. For a tree with one trunk and two vines, keep a branch every 25-30 cm on the same side as the fruiting mother branch for the second year. For a tree with a round head, keep 12±2 branches evenly around the main trunk as the fruiting mother branches for the second year, and cut off other unnecessary branches. ②Treat the retained branches: Do not prune the retained fruiting mother branches in winter. When they sprout and shoot 10-15 cm long in the spring of the second year, cut them at a diameter of 0.8 cm and remove the thin and weak part at the end; ③Transform the tree structure: gradually transform the three-level tree structure of main trunk-main vine-fruiting mother branch in winter into a four-level tree structure of main trunk-main vine-side vine-fruiting mother branch, that is, keep the fruiting branches of the three-level tree structure in the current year as the fruiting mother branches of the next year, with a branch spacing of 25-35 cm, thus forming a four-level tree structure.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The golden kiwi fruit plants are adult trees with an age of more than 4 years.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In winter, branches growing at the base of fruiting branches or on side vines and with a diameter less than 1 cm at a distance of 10-15 cm from the base should be pruned back to 5-10 cm.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before June, the vigorous shoots growing on the base of the fruiting mother branches or on the side vines should be twisted when the branches are semi-lignified or cut back to 5-15cm when the branches are 30-40cm. The buds on the main trunk, the buds on the back of other branches, and the buds that emerge after June should be removed.

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