Comprehensive utilization and recovery process for polymetallic ore

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive utilization and recovery process for polymetallic ore. The comprehensive utilization and recovery process comprises the steps of pretreatment, lead separation from copper and lead, zinc separation from lead-copper tailings, sulfur separation from zinc tailings and iron separation from sulfur tailings. Aiming at the characteristics that lime needs to be added in the whole process of common lead-zinc sulfide ore, and comprehensive utilization and recovery of copper, gold and silver are not facilitated, the technological process of preferential lead selection under the natural pH value, sulfur suppression and zinc floating of lead selection tailings and iron selection after desulfurization of zinc selection tailings is developed, and valuable elements in the ore are comprehensively utilized. Results show that the ore is finely ground to-0.074 mm and accounts for 70%, valuable elements in the ore can be comprehensively recycled through the flotation and magnetic separation combined process of copper-lead flotation, zinc separation from lead-copper tailings, sulfur separation from zinc tailings and iron separation from sulfur tailings, the lead grade of lead concentrate is 60% or above, the lead recycling rate is 94% or above, the zinc grade of zinc concentrate is 46% or above, and the zinc recycling rate is 88% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, and further belongs to the field of mineral processing technology, and in particular relates to a comprehensive utilization and recovery process of polymetallic ores. Background Art

[0002] Copper, lead, zinc and iron minerals usually coexist together in nature. Since copper, lead and zinc minerals have similar physical and chemical properties and coexist densely with gangue minerals such as quartz and feldspar, it is necessary to develop efficient separation processes in the beneficiation process to improve the quality and reduce the impurities of copper, lead and zinc minerals. In recent years, with the development of the economy, the industrial demand for copper, lead and zinc has increased significantly, resulting in a decrease in easy-to-select ores in China and an increase in difficult-to-select multi-metal complex associated ores. In industry, ores with a grade of less than 3% are usually regarded as low-grade ores. Such ores usually contain valuable elements such as sulfur and iron that can be comprehensively recovered. The content and distribution of these elements have a huge impact on the subsequent metal smelting process. For this reason, it is necessary to separate and recover the associated metals in different ways.

[0003] In order to comprehensively utilize copper, lead and zinc ores, priority flotation process, mixed flotation process, equal flotation process and asynchronous flotation process can be adopted. Which process to adopt specifically needs to comprehensively consider factors such as the difference in mineral floatability, mineral properties, process test results and economic benefits, and analyze the effects of different flotation sequences on mineral processing indicators through experiments, so as to determine the optimal flotation recovery process.

[0004] Since the chalcopyrite in the ore is easily oxidized and precipitates copper ions during weathering, which leads to the activation of pyrrhotite and pyrite, the use of xanthate collectors requires "strong pressure and strong pulling", which greatly wastes reagents and directly causes high costs for mineral processing return water treatment and increased environmental pressure. For complex polymetallic ores, especially copper-iron polymetallic ores containing pyrrhotite, it is of great significance to develop new mineral processing technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-metal comprehensive utilization and recovery process.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved in that the multi-metal comprehensive utilization and recovery process comprises the steps of pre-treatment, lead separation from copper and lead, zinc separation from lead-copper tailings, sulfur separation from zinc tailings and iron separation from sulfur tailings, specifically comprising: A. Pretreatment: Grind the polymetallic sulfide ore to be treated to -0.074mm, accounting for 60-80%, to obtain material a; B. Copper-lead selection: 1) Add zinc inhibitor to material a, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add lead collector and copper collector GTB1 in sequence for flotation to obtain copper-lead rougher concentrate b and flotation tailings c; 2) The copper-lead rough concentrate b is subjected to three-stage concentration to obtain the final copper-lead concentrate h and concentrated tailings, and the concentrated tailings are returned to the previous step for circulation; 3) The flotation tailings c are subjected to secondary scavenging to obtain flotation tailings m and scavenging concentrates, and the scavenging concentrates are returned to the previous step for circulation; C. Zinc selection from lead-copper tailings: 1) Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the flotation tailings m, stir for 2-4 min, then add copper sulfate, a sphalerite activator, stir for 2-4 min, and then add zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate and zinc rougher tailings r; 2) The zinc rough concentrate is subjected to three-stage concentration to obtain zinc concentrated 3 concentrate w and concentrated tailings, and the concentrated tailings are returned to the previous step for circulation; 3) The zinc concentrate 3 concentrate w is subjected to zinc magnetic separation using a magnetic field strength of 0.2-0.3T to obtain a magnetic separation product zinc-iron concentrate y and a final zinc concentrate z; 4) The zinc rougher 2 tailings r are subjected to secondary scavenging to obtain zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad and scavenging concentrates, and the scavenging concentrates are returned to the previous step for circulation; 5) The zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad are subjected to pyrite magnetic separation at a magnetic field strength of 0.4-0.6T to obtain magnetic separation products of pyrite concentrate ae and final tailings af; The copper collector GTB1 is composed of isobutyl methylthiocarbamate, O-isopropyl-N-ethylthiocarbamate, methyl isobutyl carbinol and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, and the ratio is 6:2:1:1; The zinc collector GZ-1 is composed of isobutyl xanthate propylene, isobutyl xanthate ethyl formate, isobutyl methyl thiocarbamate and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol, wherein the mass ratio of isobutyl xanthate propylene, isobutyl xanthate ethyl formate, isobutyl methyl thiocarbamate and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol is (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.4-0.6).

[0007] The specific operations are as follows: A. Copper and lead roughing: 1) Grind the raw ore to -0.074mm, accounting for 60-70%, to obtain material a; 2) Add zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate to material a, stir for 3 minutes, then add lead collector 25# black medicine and copper collector GTB1 in sequence for flotation to obtain copper and lead roughing concentrate b and flotation tailings c; B. Concentration 1: zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, is added to the copper-lead roughing concentrate b to obtain copper-lead concentrate d and concentrated 1 tailings e, and the concentrated 1 tailings e are returned to the copper-lead roughing; C. Concentration 2: Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime and zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate to the copper-lead concentrate d, then feed the mixed pulp into a stirred mill, grind the pulp to -0.045mm, accounting for 90-95%, and feed it into a flotation machine for flotation separation to obtain copper-lead concentrate f and concentrated 2 tailings g, and the concentrated 2 tailings g is returned to the concentrated 1; D. Concentration 3: Flotation separation is performed on the copper-lead concentrate f to obtain the final copper-lead concentrate h and the concentrated tailings i, and the concentrated tailings i are returned to the concentration 2; E. Copper-lead scavenging 1: zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, is added to the copper-lead roughing tailing c, and stirred for 3 minutes. Then, lead collector 25# black medicine and copper collector GTB1 are added in sequence for flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j and flotation tailing k. The copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j is returned to the copper-lead roughing; F. Copper-lead scavenging 2: zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, is added to the flotation tailings k, and stirred for 3 minutes. Then, lead collector 25# black medicine and copper collector GTB1 are added in sequence for flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l and flotation tailings m. The copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l is returned to copper-lead scavenging 1; G. Zinc roughing 1: add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the flotation tailings m, stir for 3 minutes, then add copper sulfate, a sphalerite activator, stir for 3 minutes, and finally add zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate o and zinc roughing 1 tailings p; H. Zinc roughing 2: add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to zinc roughing 1 tailings p, stir for 3 minutes, then add copper sulfate, a sphalerite activator, stir for 3 minutes, and finally add zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate q and zinc roughing 2 tailings r; I. Zinc Concentration 1: Combine zinc rough concentrate o and zinc rough concentrate q, add dispersant sodium silicate and pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stir for 3 minutes, and then flotate to obtain zinc concentration 1 concentrate s and zinc concentration 1 tailings t, and the zinc concentration 1 tailings t is returned to zinc roughing 1; J. Zinc Concentration 2: Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc concentration 1 concentrate s, stir for 3 minutes, and then flotate to obtain zinc concentration 2 concentrate u and zinc concentration 2 tailings v. The zinc concentration 2 tailings v is returned to zinc concentration 1; K. Zinc Concentration 3: Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc concentrate 2 concentrate u, stir for 3 minutes, and then flotate to obtain zinc concentrate 3 concentrate w and zinc concentrate 3 tailings x. The zinc concentrate 3 tailings x is returned to zinc concentrate 2; L. Zinc magnetic separation: The zinc concentrate w is subjected to zinc magnetic separation using a magnetic field strength of 0.25 T to obtain magnetic separation products of zinc-iron concentrate y and final zinc concentrate z; M. Zinc scavenging 1: Pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime are added to zinc roughing 2 tailings r, stirred for 3 minutes, then copper sulfate as sphalerite activator is added, stirred for 3 minutes, and finally zinc collector GZ-1 is added for flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa and zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab. The zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa is returned to zinc roughing 1; N. Zinc scavenging 2: Pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime are added to zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab, stirred for 3 minutes, then copper sulfate as sphalerite activator is added, stirred for 3 minutes, and finally zinc collector GZ-1 is added for flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 2 concentrate ac and zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad, and zinc scavenging 1 concentrate ac is returned to zinc scavenging 1; O. Pyrite magnetic separation: The zinc scavenging tailings ad are subjected to pyrite magnetic separation at a magnetic field strength of 0.5 T to obtain magnetically separated pyrite concentrate ae and final tailings af.

[0008] The present invention aims at the characteristics that general sulfide lead-zinc ore needs to add lime in the whole process, which is not conducive to the comprehensive utilization and recovery of copper, gold and silver. The present invention develops a process flow of preferentially selecting lead under natural pH value, suppressing sulfur and floating zinc in lead tailings, and selecting iron after desulfurization of zinc tailings, so as to comprehensively utilize the valuable elements in the ore. The results show that the ore is finely ground to -0.074mm, accounting for 70%, and the flotation and magnetic separation combined process of copper-lead flotation-lead-copper tailings zinc selection-zinc tailings sulfur selection-sulfur tailings iron selection can comprehensively recover the valuable elements in the ore, wherein the lead grade of lead concentrate is more than 60%, the lead recovery rate is more than 94%, the zinc grade of zinc concentrate is more than 46%, and the zinc recovery rate is more than 88%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or substitutions made based on the teachings of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0011] The multi-metal comprehensive utilization and recovery process of the present invention includes pre-treatment, lead separation from copper and lead, zinc separation from lead-copper tailings, sulfur separation from zinc tailings and iron separation from sulfur tailings, and specifically includes: A. Pretreatment: Grind the polymetallic sulfide ore to be treated to -0.074mm, accounting for 60-80%, to obtain material a; B. Copper-lead selection: 1) Add zinc inhibitor to material a, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add lead collector and copper collector GTB1 in sequence for flotation to obtain copper-lead rougher concentrate b and flotation tailings c; 2) The copper-lead rough concentrate b is subjected to three-stage concentration to obtain the final copper-lead concentrate h and concentrated tailings, and the concentrated tailings are returned to the previous step for circulation; 3) The flotation tailings c are subjected to secondary scavenging to obtain flotation tailings m and scavenging concentrates, and the scavenging concentrates are returned to the previous step for circulation; C. Zinc selection from lead-copper tailings: 1) Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the flotation tailings m, stir for 2-4 min, then add copper sulfate, a sphalerite activator, stir for 2-4 min, and then add zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate and zinc rougher tailings r; 2) The zinc rough concentrate is subjected to three-stage concentration to obtain zinc concentrated 3 concentrate w and concentrated tailings, and the concentrated tailings are returned to the previous step for circulation; 3) The zinc concentrate 3 concentrate w is subjected to zinc magnetic separation at a magnetic field strength of 0.2-0.3T to obtain the magnetic separation product zinc-iron concentrate y and the final zinc concentrate z; 4) The zinc rougher 2 tailings r are subjected to secondary scavenging to obtain zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad and scavenging concentrates, and the scavenging concentrates are returned to the previous step for circulation; 5) The zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad are subjected to pyrite magnetic separation at a magnetic field strength of 0.4-0.6T to obtain magnetic separation products of pyrite concentrate ae and final tailings af; The copper collector GTB1 is composed of isobutyl methylthiocarbamate, O-isopropyl-N-ethylthiocarbamate, methyl isobutyl carbinol and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, and the ratio is 6:2:1:1; The zinc collector GZ-1 is composed of isobutyl xanthate propylene, isobutyl xanthate ethyl formate, isobutyl methyl thiocarbamate and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol, wherein the mass ratio of isobutyl xanthate propylene, isobutyl xanthate ethyl formate, isobutyl methyl thiocarbamate and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol is (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.4-0.6).

[0012] The tertiary concentration described in step B 2) is to add zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, to the copper-lead rougher concentrate b to obtain copper-lead concentrate d and concentrated 1 tailings e, and the concentrated 1 tailings e are returned to the copper-lead rougher; pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitors lime and zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, are added to the copper-lead concentrate d, and then the mixed slurry is fed into a stirred mill, the slurry is ground to -0.045mm, accounting for 90-95%, and fed into a flotation machine for flotation separation to obtain copper-lead concentrate f and concentrated 2 tailings g, and the concentrated 2 tailings g are returned to concentrated 1; the copper-lead concentrate f is subjected to flotation separation to obtain the final copper-lead concentrate h and concentrated tailings i, and the concentrated tailings i are returned to concentrated 2.

[0013] The secondary scavenging described in step B 3) is to add zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, to the copper-lead roughing tailing c, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add lead collector 25# black medicine and copper collector GTB1 in sequence for flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j and flotation tailing k, and the copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j is returned to the copper-lead roughing; zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, is added to the flotation tailing k, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add lead collector 25# black medicine and copper collector GTB1 in sequence for flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l and flotation tailing m, and the copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l is returned to the copper-lead scavenging 1.

[0014] C step 1) is to add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the flotation tailings m, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, then add copper sulfate, a sphalerite activator, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, and finally add zinc collector GZ-1 to flotate to obtain zinc rough concentrate o and zinc rougher 1 tailings p; add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc rougher 1 tailings p, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, then add copper sulfate, a sphalerite activator, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, and finally add zinc collector GZ-1 to flotate to obtain zinc rough concentrate q and zinc rougher 2 tailings r.

[0015] The tertiary concentration described in step C2) is to combine the zinc rough concentrate o and the zinc rough concentrate q, add dispersant sodium silicate and pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, and then flotate to obtain zinc concentrate 1 concentrate s and zinc concentrate 1 tailings t, and the zinc concentrate 1 tailings t is returned to zinc rough concentrate 1; add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc concentrate 1 concentrate s, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, and then flotate to obtain zinc concentrate 2 concentrate u and zinc concentrate 2 tailings v, and the zinc concentrate 2 tailings v is returned to zinc concentrate 1; add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc concentrate 2 concentrate u, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, and then flotate to obtain zinc concentrate 3 concentrate w and zinc concentrate 3 tailings x, and the zinc concentrate 3 tailings x is returned to zinc concentrate 2.

[0016] C. The secondary scavenging described in step 3) is to add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc rougher 2 tailings r, stir for 3 minutes, then add copper sulfate as a sphalerite activator, stir for 2-4 minutes, and finally add zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa and zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab, and the zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa is returned to the zinc rougher 1; add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add copper sulfate as a sphalerite activator, stir for 2-4 minutes, and finally add zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 2 concentrate ac and zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad, and the zinc scavenging 1 concentrate ac is returned to the zinc scavenging 1.

[0017] The present invention is further described below with specific implementation cases: Example 1 A. Copper and lead roughing: 1) Grind the raw ore to -0.074mm, accounting for 65%, to obtain material a; 2) Add 800g / t of zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, to material a, stir for 3 minutes, then add 15g / t of lead collector 25# black medicine and 5g / t of copper collector GTB1 in sequence, and flotate for 4 minutes to obtain copper and lead roughing concentrate b and flotation tailings c; B. Concentration 1: Add 800 g / t of zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, to the copper-lead roughing concentrate b, stir for 3 minutes and then perform concentrating to obtain copper-lead concentrate d and concentration 1 tailings e, and the concentration 1 tailings e are returned to the copper-lead roughing; C. Concentration 2: add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime 100g / t and zinc inhibitor zinc sulfate 500g / t to the copper-lead concentrate d, then feed the mixed slurry into a stirred mill, grind the slurry to -0.045mm accounting for 90-95%, feed it into a flotation machine for flotation separation for 3 minutes, and obtain copper-lead concentrate f and Concentrated 2 tailings g, and the Concentrated 2 tailings g is returned to Concentrated 1; D. Concentration 3: Flotation separation is performed on the copper-lead concentrate f to obtain the final copper-lead concentrate h and the concentrated tailings i, and the concentrated tailings i are returned to the concentration 2; E. Copper-lead scavenging 1: add 200 g / t of zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, to the copper-lead roughing tailing c, stir for 3 minutes, then add 6 g / t of lead collector 25# black medicine and 2 g / t of copper collector GTB1 in sequence for 3 minutes of flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j and flotation tailing k, and the copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j is returned to the copper-lead roughing; F. Copper-lead scavenging 2: Add 200 g / t of zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, to the flotation tailings k, stir for 3 minutes, then add 3 g / t of lead collector 25# black medicine and 1 g / t of copper collector GTB1 in sequence, and flotate for 3 minutes to obtain copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l and flotation tailings m. The copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l is returned to copper-lead scavenging 1; G. Zinc roughing 1: add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime 3000g / t to the flotation tailings m, stir for 3 minutes, then add ferro-sphalerite activator copper sulfate 150g / t, stir for 3 minutes, finally add zinc collector GZ-1 10g / t for 6 minutes to flotate to obtain zinc rough concentrate o and zinc roughing 1 tailings p; H. Zinc roughing 2: add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime 1600g / t to zinc roughing 1 tailings p, stir for 3 minutes, then add ferro-sphalerite activator copper sulfate 60g / t, stir for 3 minutes, finally add zinc collector GZ-1 6g / t and flotate for 3 minutes to obtain zinc rough concentrate q and zinc roughing 2 tailings r; I. Zinc concentrate 1: Combine zinc rough concentrate o and zinc rough concentrate q, add 100 g / t of sodium silicate as a dispersant and 1000 g / t of lime as a pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor, stir for 3 minutes, and then flotate for 3 minutes to obtain zinc concentrate 1 concentrate s and zinc concentrate 1 tailings t, and return zinc concentrate 1 tailings t to zinc rougher 1; J. Zinc Concentration 2: Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime 800g / t to the zinc concentration 1 concentrate s, stir for 3 minutes, and then flotate for 3 minutes to obtain zinc concentration 2 concentrate u and zinc concentration 2 tailings v. The zinc concentration 2 tailings v is returned to zinc concentration 1; K. Zinc Concentration 3: Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime 500g / t to the zinc concentrate 2 u, stir for 3 minutes, and then flotate for 2 minutes to obtain zinc concentrate 3 concentrate w and zinc concentrate 3 tailings x. The zinc concentrate 3 tailings x are returned to zinc concentrate 2; L. Zinc magnetic separation: The zinc concentrate w is subjected to zinc magnetic separation using a magnetic field strength of 0.25 T to obtain magnetic separation products of zinc-iron concentrate y and final zinc concentrate z; M. Zinc scavenging 1: Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime 1000g / t to zinc roughing 2 tailings r, stir for 3 minutes, then add ferro-sphalerite activator copper sulfate 30g / t, stir for 3 minutes, finally add zinc collector GZ-1 3g / t for 3 minutes of flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa and zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab, and zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa is returned to zinc roughing 1; N. Zinc scavenging 2: Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime 600g / t to zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab, stir for 3 minutes, then add copper sulfate 15g / t as sphalerite activator, stir for 3 minutes, finally add zinc collector GZ-1 3g / t to flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 2 concentrate ac and zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad, and zinc scavenging 1 concentrate ac is returned to zinc scavenging 1; O. Pyrite magnetic separation: The zinc scavenging tailings ad are subjected to pyrite magnetic separation at a magnetic field strength of 0.5 T to obtain magnetically separated pyrite concentrate ae and final tailings af.

[0018] Example 2 A. Copper roughing: add lime to the raw ore and grind it to -0.074mm, accounting for 70-75%, then add 20g / t collector GTB3 and stir for 2min to obtain copper roughing concentrate and tailings; B. Copper concentration: adding an inhibitor to the concentrate obtained from the copper roughing to perform two concentrations to obtain copper concentration. The process conditions of the copper concentration in step B are as follows: adding 300 g / t lime and stirring for 3 min for flotation in concentration 1, and adding 200 g / t lime and stirring for 3 min for flotation in concentration 2; C. Copper scavenging: adding a collector to the tailings obtained from the copper roughing to carry out two scavengings to obtain scavenged tailings. The process conditions of the copper scavenging in step C are as follows: adding 10g / g of collector GTB3 to scavenging 1, stirring for 2min, and flotation; adding 10g / g of collector GTB3 to scavenging 1, stirring for 2min, and flotation; D. Sulfur roughing: adding activator, collector and frother to the copper scavenging tailings to flotation to obtain sulfur roughing concentrate and sulfur roughing tailings. The process conditions of sulfur roughing in step D are adding 1300g / t activator sulfuric acid and stirring for 3min, adding 200g / t butyl xanthate and 2 # Oil 30g / t stirring for 2min roughing; E. Sulfur concentration: The concentrate obtained from the sulfur roughing is subjected to blank concentration to obtain sulfur concentrate I and concentrated tailings; F. Sulfur scavenging: adding an activator, a collector and a frother to the sulfur roughing tailings to carry out two scavengings to obtain scavenging tailings. The process conditions of sulfur scavenging 1 in step F are adding 600g / t activator sulfuric acid and stirring for 3min, adding 50g / t butyl xanthate and 2 # Oil 10g / t stirred for 2min scavenging, scavenging 2 process conditions are adding 200g / activator sulfuric acid and stirring for 3min, adding 30g / t butyl xanthate and 2 # Oil 10g / t, stir for 2min, sweep; G. Magnetic separation: The sulfur scavenging tailings are magnetically separated to obtain iron-containing concentrate and tailings. The magnetic field intensity of the weak magnetic roughing separation in step G is 0.2T; H. Regrinding and flotation desulfurization of iron ore: The iron ore concentrate obtained by magnetic separation is regrinded to -0.074mm, accounting for 83%, and then an activator, a collector, and a frother are added for roughing to obtain a roughing concentrate and a roughing tailing. The process conditions for regrinding and flotation desulfurization in step H are as follows: adding 700g / t activator sulfuric acid and stirring for 3min, adding 120g / t butyl xanthate and 2 # Oil 20g / t, stir for 2min, sweep; I. Desulfurization and concentration: The desulfurization rougher concentrate is subjected to two blank concentrations to obtain sulfur concentrate II; J. Desulfurization scavenging: Add activator, collector and frother to the desulfurization roughing tailings to scavenging and obtain iron concentrate. The process conditions of desulfurization scavenging in step J are adding 300g / t activator sulfuric acid and stirring for 3min, adding 50g / t butyl xanthate and 2 # Add 10g / t oil and stir for 2min to sweep.

[0019] By using this process to treat the ore, a copper concentrate with a copper grade of 21.95 and a copper recovery rate of 90.71% can be obtained; after the two sulfur concentrates are combined, the sulfur grade is 33.47%, and the sulfur recovery rate is 93.30%; the iron concentrate has an iron grade of 66.15%, a sulfur grade of 0.13%, and an iron recovery rate of 33.67%, which are all good indicators.

[0020] Example 3 1. Sample properties 1.1 Chemical composition and mineral composition Observed with the naked eye, the ores are mostly dark brown and gray-green in color. The mineral aggregates are distributed in an irregular manner, forming a sparse impregnation-like structure of the ore. The results of chemical multi-element analysis of the ore samples are shown in Table 1, and the results of chemical phase analysis of lead, zinc, copper and iron are shown in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5.

[0021] Table 1 Chemical analysis results of main elements of ore samples / %

[0022] Table 2 Results of phase analysis of lead in raw ore / %

[0023] Table 3 Results of phase analysis of zinc ore / %

[0024] Table 4 Analysis results of copper phase in raw ore / %

[0025] Table 5 Analysis results of iron phase in raw ore / %

[0026] The ore sample is a lead-zinc polymetallic sulfide ore, with the main valuable elements being lead, zinc and iron, with contents of 2.64%, 1.45% and 26.81% respectively, and other associated valuable elements being Au0.10g / t, Ag10.8g / t, Cu0.045%, In55.3g / t and sulfur3.94%. Through observation under a polarizing microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis and MLA analysis, it was found that there were 23 minerals in five categories, including sulfide, oxide, silicate, sulfate and phosphate, in the ore, and the main minerals in the ore were galena, sphalerite, magnetite, pyrite / marcasite, pyrrhotite, black columnar stone, calcium iron pyroxene, iron talc, quartz, calcite and other minerals.

[0027] 1.2 Analysis of the embedding state of main minerals Under the condition of grinding fineness of -0.075mm accounting for 64.39%, MLA was used to measure and count the embedded particle sizes of ore and main target minerals in ore, such as galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite / marcasite, magnetite, hematite / limonite, galena, calcite, andradite, epidote, and talc. The embedded particle sizes of sphalerite, calcite, andradite were the coarsest, with the particle size of +75μm accounting for 33.29%, 38.54% and 31.23% respectively, and their embedded particle sizes were similar to the particle size of ore; followed by galena, pyrrhotite, pyrite / marcasite, magnetite, andradite, andradite, andradite, which were slightly finer than the former, with the particle size of +75μm accounting for 28.17%, 26.98%, 25.16%, 29.55%, 27.37%, and 26.39% respectively.

[0028] 1.3 Symbiotic relationship of main minerals Under the current grinding conditions, the free surface areas of sphalerite, pyrite and pyrrhotite are better, all greater than 91%. The free surface areas of galena, magnetite, hematite / limonite are slightly lower than the former, between 83% and 86%.

[0029] Galena is mainly associated with sphalerite, magnetite, calcite and calcite, with the shared surface area ratios being 3.60%, 1.18%, 2.10% and 1.99 respectively. The free surface area ratio of galena is 86.50%.

[0030] The marmatite is mainly associated with calcite and calcite, with the shared surface area ratios of 1.24% and 1.30% respectively. The free surface area ratio of marmatite is 93.89%.

[0031] Pyrite / marcasite is mainly associated with sphalerite, pyrrhotite and stylosite, with the shared surface area ratios of 1.24%, 1.64% and 1.69% respectively. The free surface area ratio of sphalerite is 91.18%.

[0032] Pyrrhotite is mainly associated with pyrite / marcasite, magnetite, and stylobite, with the shared surface area ratios of 1.05%, 1.45%, and 1.24% respectively. The free surface area ratio of pyrrhotite is 92.54%.

[0033] Magnetite is mainly associated with black lawsonite, hectopyroxene, calcite and talc, with the shared surface area ratios of 4.20%, 2.12%, 1.30% and 1.96% respectively. The free surface area ratio of magnetite is 85.34%.

[0034] 1.4 Distribution characteristics of main minerals The embedded particle size of galena is between 0.001 and 1.37 mm, and the aggregate is granular and dense. It is closely related to sphalerite, magnetite and pyrite, and they are mostly intergrowth or mutually wrapped. Among them, the symbiotic relationship between some galena and magnetite is particularly complex. This part of galena is fine-grained and wrapped in magnetite, and it is not easy to dissociate into monomers.

[0035] The embedded particle size of sphalerite is between 0.005 and 4.75 mm, and it is in an ectomorphic granular form. It is mostly distributed between transparent minerals such as black mandrillite and calcium iron pyroxene, and is partially wrapped in black mandrillite and calcium iron pyroxene, and is partially interbred or wrapped with galena, magnetite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. Among them, some galena, magnetite, and chalcopyrite are fine-grained or milky and are wrapped in sphalerite, which may partially enter the zinc concentrate and affect the grade of the zinc concentrate.

[0036] The embedded particle size of chalcopyrite is between 0.001 and 1.00 mm, and it is in an angular granular form. It is often associated with sphalerite, galena, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. Some of them are fine-grained and milky and are wrapped in sphalerite; a few are distributed in the form of stars between transparent minerals.

[0037] The embedded grain size of pyrrhotite is between 0.005 and 0.55 mm, and pyrrhotite is in anisotropic shape. It is often interlaced with pyrite, marcasite, magnetite, sphalerite, and galena; some of it is replaced by marcasite and magnetite, and is distributed alternately or mixed with them.

[0038] The particle size of pyrite / marcasite is between 0.005 and 6.00 mm, mostly in euhedral, semi-euhedral and allomorphic shapes. It is mostly scattered and impregnated among transparent minerals such as black mandrillite and calcite; it is often associated with sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena, etc.; pyrite is partially replaced by marcasite and magnetite, and is mixed with them.

[0039] The embedded particle size of magnetite is between 0.005 and 1.25 mm, and the magnetite is in an allomorphic granular form. It is closely associated with hematite, galena, sphalerite, and pyrite. Some of it is filled between needle-shaped and plate-shaped hematite grains, some of it is interlocked or mutually wrapped with galena, and some of it is simply associated with sphalerite and pyrite; a small amount of magnetite is replaced by hematite, and a small amount of magnetite replaces pyrite.

[0040] 1.5 Analysis of mineralogical factors affecting mineral processing indicators The only carrier minerals for lead in the ore are galena, and the only carrier minerals for zinc are marmatite, both of which are independent sulfide minerals, which are conducive to independent recovery by flotation. Marmatite contains 12.69% Fe, which cannot be removed by physical beneficiation alone. Therefore, the upper limit of the grade of zinc concentrate belongs to grade VI. Most marmatites in the ore are wrapped in fine-grained, milky chalcopyrite, which is difficult to dissociate by grinding and may enter the zinc concentrate, affecting the grade of the zinc concentrate. Some galena and marmatite have a close symbiotic relationship, which may cause marmatite to enter the lead concentrate with galena, affecting the grade of the lead concentrate. There are many types of iron carrier minerals in the ore, among which only magnetite is a useful mineral for iron, and the distribution rate of iron in it is only 12.91%.

[0041] 2. Ore dressing test study According to the results of the ore property study, the valuable minerals in the ore are mainly galena. Sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, and pyrite. Combined with the surface characteristics and magnetism of the above-mentioned minerals, the process flow of mineral recovery mainly includes the combined process flow of magnetic separation followed by flotation and the combined process flow of flotation followed by magnetic separation. Due to the small amount of magnetic separation removal, magnetic separation is placed before lead flotation, and dense dehydration is required before flotation, which increases the complexity of the process. Therefore, the combined process flow of flotation followed by magnetic separation is adopted. The particles with a galena distribution size of <5μm account for 3.72%. This part of fine-grained galena is mostly wrapped in magnetite, which can improve the use of highly selective collectors to pre-enrich the coarse concentrate before grinding, which can prevent the high cost of fine grinding of the original ore and reduce the degree of over-grinding of the target mineral. Due to the variety of recoverable minerals in the ore, the difficulty of the experiment lies in how to fully and efficiently recover various minerals and obtain high-quality concentrates. Since the copper content of the original ore is extremely low, direct priority flotation is not economical, so the principle process flow of copper-lead mixed selection-zinc flotation-sulfur flotation-ferromagnetic selection is initially proposed.

[0042] 2.1 Grinding fineness test The complete dissociation of useful minerals and gangue minerals is an essential prerequisite for the efficient separation and recovery of minerals. Different grinding finenesses are not only related to the dissociation of minerals, but also the appropriate mineral particle size can ensure the high fresh surface activity of minerals, strengthen the full interaction between the mineral surface and the collector, and thus enhance the recovery and separation of minerals. In order to ensure that flotation obtains higher indicators, it is of great significance to determine the grinding fineness in combination with the properties of the ore. Since the ore contains calcite, talc and other gangue minerals that are easy to become muddy, when selecting the appropriate grinding fineness, it is necessary to consider the dissociation degree of useful mineral monomers and to reduce the over-crushing of gangue minerals and deterioration of the flotation pulp environment. Through experiments, it was selected that the grinding fineness of -74μm accounting for 60% is more suitable. At this grinding fineness, when the flotation pulp concentration is 30%, the flotation machine stirring speed is 2000r / min, and the flotation machine inflation volume is 0.4m 3 / h, under natural pH value, different collectors were used to carry out copper and lead collector type tests with a one-coarse-one-sweep process. The test process is shown in Figure 1 The test results are shown in Table 6. As can be seen from Table 6, the five collectors are copper-lead collectors with good selectivity screened out in the early stage. They basically do not collect pyrite at natural pH values, and effectively reduce the test of pyrite inhibitors. When Pa is used alone as a copper-lead collector, the lead grade of the rough concentrate is the highest and the lead-copper recovery rate is the lowest; when Pb-1 and F5B are used in combination, the loss rate of lead in the tailings is the lowest, but the loss rate of copper is as high as 52.54%; when 25# black medicine and GTB1 are used in combination, the loss rate of copper in the tailings is the lowest, and the lead recovery rate of the rough concentrate obtained by roughing is the highest. In order to comprehensively recover copper and lead minerals, it is more appropriate to select the combination of 25# black medicine and GTB1.

[0043] Table 6 Grinding fineness test results

[0044] 2.2 Test of copper-lead mixed concentrator regrinding site The rough concentrate obtained from the rough selection of copper and lead is subjected to three-stage selection to improve the quality of the final concentrate. In order to examine the influence of the regrinding location on the recovery of copper and lead, comparative tests were carried out in which the rough concentrate was not ground again, the rough concentrate was regrinded to -0.049mm accounting for 90%, the concentrate 1 was regrinded to -0.049mm accounting for 90%, and the concentrate 2 was regrinded to -0.049mm accounting for 90%, respectively, to examine the feasibility of reducing the copper and lead grade of the middling ore and improve the quality of the copper-lead mixed concentrate. Compared with the rough concentrate not being ground, the rough concentrate can be regrinded to greatly improve the lead grade of the concentrate 1 after the rough concentrate is regrinded. In general, the lead grade of the copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained by the regrinding of the concentrate 2 and the regrinding of the concentrate 3 operation is the highest. The lead grade of the copper-lead mixed concentrate is as follows: regrinding of the concentrate 2 > regrinding of the concentrate 1 > regrinding of the rough concentrate > no grinding. Since the concentrate 3 operation is carried out after the regrinding of the concentrate 2, the lead recovery rate of the copper-lead mixed concentrate is the largest, and it is more appropriate to select the regrinding of the concentrate 1 after comprehensive consideration. The copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained under the regrinding conditions of Selected 1 has a lead grade of 64.85% and a copper grade of 0.91%. Due to the low copper grade, no subsequent copper-lead separation is carried out.

[0045] 2.3 Test on the types of inhibitors for zinc pyrite According to X-ray spectrometry analysis, marmatite contains 53.54% Zn and 12.69% Fe. As the iron content of marmatite increases, its iron ions change its surface properties, affecting the adsorption of the collector on its surface, resulting in a gradual decrease in floatability. The ore contains 1.44% marcasite / pyrite and 2.54% pyrrhotite. Combined with X-ray spectrometry analysis and MLA analysis, it can be seen that the pyrrhotite in the ore is a monoclinic system, and the pyrrhotite contains 60.56% Fe. The floatability of marcasite / pyrite, pyrrhotite, and marmatite gradually decreases. In order to obtain high-quality zinc concentrate, pyrite inhibitors are required to suppress marcasite / pyrite and pyrrhotite. Lime (3000g / t), inorganic depressant LY1 (2000g / t) and organic depressant LY2 (600g / t) were used to test different types of pyrite depressants to examine the effects of different depressants on zinc-sulfur separation. Lime was used as a depressant for marcasite / pyrite and pyrrhotite, and the effect was the best. Through a zinc roughing separation and a zinc scavenging separation, the foam product (zinc rough concentrate and zinc middlings combined) obtained had the highest zinc grade of 29.64%, and the highest zinc recovery rate of 85.39%.

[0046] 2.4 Experiment on selection of zinc collector types Valuable minerals such as pyrite and gangue minerals such as talc in the ore easily react with collectors and interfere with the flotation process. Suitable zinc collectors can not only significantly improve the flotation efficiency of zinc minerals, but also reduce the consumption of reagents. Therefore, suitable zinc collectors are an important prerequisite for achieving efficient and low-consumption flotation processes. The butyl xanthate and ethyl thiocyanate with wide adaptability and strong collection ability were compared with the thiocarbamate collectors A2 and GZ-1 with good selectivity, and the types of zinc collectors were tested to screen the most suitable collectors for this type of high-iron sphalerite. GZ-1 and butyl xanthate were used as collectors. The loss rate of zinc in the tailings was about 2%, but the sulfur recovery rate of the tailings obtained by GZ-1 was higher than that of butyl xanthate, indicating that butyl xanthate has a strong collection ability and collects more pyrite into zinc rough concentrate and zinc middlings; the collection performance of A2 and ethyl thiocyanate is basically similar, and the zinc loss rate and sulfur recovery rate in the tailings are relatively similar. In order to obtain the highest zinc recovery rate and minimize the amount of pyrite entering the zinc concentrate and zinc middlings, GZ-1 is the most suitable choice.

[0047] 2.4 Test on improving quality and reducing impurities of zinc secondary concentrate The results of the beneficiation test on zinc rough concentrate showed that after three beneficiations with the addition of lime, the zinc grade of the concentrate of beneficiation 1 increased from 29.76% to 36.26%, an increase of 6.50 percentage points; after beneficiation 2, the zinc grade of the concentrate of beneficiation 2 increased from 36.26% to 39.12%, an increase of 2.86 percentage points, which was a relatively small increase; after beneficiation 3, the zinc grade of the concentrate of beneficiation 3 (i.e. zinc secondary concentrate) increased from 39.12% to 41.36%, an increase of 2.24 percentage points, which was a relatively small increase. After the fourth beneficiation, the zinc content of the zinc concentrate increased by only 1.5 percentage points, but the zinc loss rate increased significantly, and the zinc grade of the zinc concentrate was difficult to increase to more than 45%. Microscopic examination of the selected 3 concentrate revealed that the sphalerite was in an anisomorphic granular form, most of which were monomer dissociated particles, some sphalerites were wrapped with fine-grained chalcopyrite, and some sphalerites were intergrowth with transparent minerals, pyrrhotite, pyrite, etc.; pyrrhotite was in anisomorphic granular form, most of which were monomer dissociated particles, and some of which were intergrowth with sphalerite, etc.; pyrite was in anisomorphic granular form, mostly intergrowth with sphalerite; chalcopyrite was in anisomorphic granular form, mostly wrapped in sphalerite. The results showed that pyrrhotite and pyrite were the main factors affecting the zinc grade of zinc concentrate. This part of pyrrhotite and pyrite had good floatability, which was difficult to suppress by adding lime, and excessive addition of lime would significantly suppress the sphalerite. On the one hand, the zinc concentrate was subjected to the flotation test of adding dispersant to assist lime to improve the quality and reduce impurities. On the other hand, the zinc concentrate was subjected to the magnetic separation test. Considering that pyrrhotite is easy to magnetically aggregate and wrap marmatite, sodium hexametaphosphate of polyphosphate and sodium silicate of silicate, which is widely used, were added as dispersants. The results show that the zinc recovery rate is high, basically above 99%, when the zinc concentrate is subjected to magnetic separation with a magnetic field of 0.25T. The zinc grade of the zinc concentrate is 45.77%, and the zinc recovery rate is 99.04%. The addition of dispersant flotation improves the zinc grade of the zinc concentrate, resulting in a large zinc loss rate. Taking all factors into consideration, it is more appropriate to use 0.25T to magnetically separate the zinc concentrate.

[0048] 2.5 Full process closed circuit test The best reagent system, best re-grinding fineness and best magnetic separation field strength of the conditional test were used to conduct a full-process closed-circuit test to examine the separation and recovery of each target mineral in copper-lead concentrate, zinc concentrate, sulfur concentrate, iron concentrate and tailings, and the metal distribution of the ore in each operation. The copper-lead mixed selection operation adopts one roughing selection, two scavenging selections and three concentrating selections to obtain a copper-lead mixed concentrate; the zinc selection operation obtains a zinc concentrate after two roughing selections, three concentrating selections and one scavenging selection, and the zinc concentrate is separated by 025T magnetic separation to obtain a zinc concentrate; the zinc tailings are separated by one roughing selection, one concentrating selection and one scavenging selection to obtain sulfur concentrate 1; the sulfur tailings are separated by magnetic separation to obtain iron rough concentrate and tailings 1, and the iron rough concentrate is re-grinded, and then the desulfurization roughing selection, desulfurization concentrating and one desulfurization scavenging selection are obtained to obtain sulfur concentrate 2 and desulfurized iron concentrate, and the desulfurized iron concentrate is separated by 0.15T magnetic field to obtain the final iron concentrate. The test results are shown in Table 7.

[0049] Table 7 Full process closed circuit test results

[0050] (1) The copper-lead mixed concentrate obtained in the experiment has a lead grade of 60.12%, a copper grade of 0.73%, a copper recovery rate of 33.36%, and a lead recovery rate of 94.72%. The factors affecting the quality of the copper-lead mixed concentrate are mainly pyrite and sphalerite. Since the copper associated grade is extremely low (copper content is 0.045%), and chalcopyrite is often associated with sphalerite, galena, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, the copper recovery rate in the copper-lead mixed concentrate is low, and the copper content in the copper-lead mixed concentrate is only 0.73%. The subsequent copper-lead separation is not economical, so copper-lead separation is not performed; some galena is mainly densely associated with sphalerite, resulting in a copper-lead mixed concentrate zinc grade as high as 6.89%, which can be further studied to improve the lead-zinc separation efficiency.

[0051] (2) The zinc grade of the zinc concentrate was 46.99% and the zinc recovery rate was 88.26%. As part of the chalcopyrite was in fine-grained and milky form and encapsulated in the sphalerite, the copper metal loss in the zinc concentrate was 30.34%.

[0052] (3) Sulfur concentrate 1 and sulfur concentrate 2 were combined into sulfur concentrate, with a sulfur grade of 37.41%, an iron grade of 47.69%, a sulfur recovery rate of 34.57%, and an iron recovery rate of 6.23%. The ratio of pyrite / marcasite in the ore: pyrrhotite = 1:1.76. The theoretical limit sulfur grade of the sulfur concentrate that can be obtained from this ore is 48.38%, and the iron grade is 51.62%. The results show that part of the pyrite / marcasite is lost in the copper-lead mixed concentrate and the zinc concentrate, resulting in a low sulfur grade in the sulfur concentrate.

[0053] (4) Sulfur scavenging 1 After magnetic separation of the tailings, the obtained iron concentrate has an iron grade of 61.00%, a sulfur grade of 0.97%, and an iron recovery rate of 10.79%. In order to obtain high-quality iron concentrate with an iron grade greater than 65% and a sulfur grade less than 0.5%, it is necessary to re-grind the iron concentrate and then flotation desulfurization and magnetic separation to remove impurities.

[0054] (5) The iron recovery rate of the iron concentrate obtained by magnetic separation is 9.33%. Combined with the phase analysis and MLA analysis, it can be seen that the iron in the magnetite accounts for 13.15% of the total iron, indicating that the phase recovery rate of magnetite in the iron concentrate is 70.95%. The iron monomer dissociation degree analysis of the tailings shows that most of the magnetite lost in the tailings is not dissociated, and this part of the magnetite is difficult to recover economically.

[0055] 3 Conclusion (1) The main valuable elements in a polymetallic mine in Qinghai are lead, zinc and iron, with contents of 2.64%, 1.45% and 26.81% respectively. Other associated valuable elements are Au 0.10 g / t, Ag 10.8 g / t, Cu 0.045%, In 55.3 g / t and sulfur 3.94%.

[0056] (2) The ore is composed of 23 minerals in five categories. The independent minerals of copper, lead and zinc are chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. There are 12 independent minerals of iron. Iron is mainly found in the form of independent minerals in stylobite, helium-iron pyroxene and magnetite. The distribution rates of iron in them are 46.83%, 16.71% and 13.15% respectively. Only the iron in magnetite has recovery value.

[0057] (3) The ore was processed by a combined flotation magnetic process of copper-lead mixed selection-zinc flotation-sulfur flotation-ferromagnetic selection-iron flotation to obtain a copper-lead mixed concentrate with a lead grade of 60.12%, a copper grade of 0.73%, a copper recovery rate of 33.36%, and a lead recovery rate of 94.72%; a zinc concentrate with a zinc grade of 46.99%, a zinc recovery rate of 88.26%; and an iron concentrate with an iron grade of 67.22% and an iron recovery rate of 9.33%.

Claims

1. A multi-metal comprehensive utilization and recovery process, characterized in that: The multi-metal comprehensive utilization and recovery process includes pre-treatment, lead separation from copper and lead, zinc separation from lead-copper tailings, sulfur separation from zinc tailings and iron separation from sulfur tailings, specifically including: A. Pretreatment: Grind the polymetallic sulfide ore to be treated to -0.074mm, accounting for 60-80%, to obtain material a; B. Copper-lead selection: 1) Add zinc inhibitor to material a, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add lead collector and copper collector GTB1 in sequence for flotation to obtain copper-lead rougher concentrate b and flotation tailings c; 2) The copper-lead rough concentrate b is subjected to three-stage concentration to obtain the final copper-lead concentrate h and concentrated tailings, and the concentrated tailings are returned to the previous step for circulation; 3) The flotation tailings c are subjected to secondary scavenging to obtain flotation tailings m and scavenging concentrates, and the scavenging concentrates are returned to the previous step for circulation; C. Zinc selection from lead-copper tailings: 1) Add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the flotation tailings m, stir for 2-4 min, then add copper sulfate, a sphalerite activator, stir for 2-4 min, and then add zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc rough concentrate and zinc rougher tailings r; 2) The zinc rough concentrate is subjected to three-stage concentration to obtain zinc concentrated 3 concentrate w and concentrated tailings, and the concentrated tailings are returned to the previous step for circulation; 3) The zinc concentrate 3 concentrate w is subjected to zinc magnetic separation using a magnetic field strength of 0.2-0.3T to obtain a magnetic separation product zinc-iron concentrate y and a final zinc concentrate z; 4) The zinc rougher 2 tailings r are subjected to secondary scavenging to obtain zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad and scavenging concentrates, and the scavenging concentrates are returned to the previous step for circulation; 5) The zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad are subjected to pyrite magnetic separation at a magnetic field strength of 0.4-0.6T to obtain magnetic separation products of pyrite concentrate ae and final tailings af; The copper collector GTB1 is composed of isobutyl methylthiocarbamate, O-isopropyl-N-ethylthiocarbamate, methyl isobutyl carbinol and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, and the ratio is 6:2:1:1; The zinc collector GZ-1 is composed of isobutyl xanthate propylene, isobutyl xanthate ethyl formate, isobutyl methyl thiocarbamate and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol, wherein the mass ratio of isobutyl xanthate propylene, isobutyl xanthate ethyl formate, isobutyl methyl thiocarbamate and 2-methyl-1-benzyl-2-propanol is (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (0.4-0.6).

2. The comprehensive utilization and recovery process of polymetallic ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tertiary concentration described in step B 2) is to add zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, to the copper-lead rougher concentrate b to obtain copper-lead concentrate d and concentrated 1 tailings e, and the concentrated 1 tailings e are returned to the copper-lead rougher; pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitors lime and zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, are added to the copper-lead concentrate d, and then the mixed slurry is fed into a stirred mill, the slurry is ground to -0.045mm, accounting for 90-95%, and fed into a flotation machine for flotation separation to obtain copper-lead concentrate f and concentrated 2 tailings g, and the concentrated 2 tailings g are returned to concentrated 1; the copper-lead concentrate f is subjected to flotation separation to obtain the final copper-lead concentrate h and concentrated tailings i, and the concentrated tailings i are returned to concentrated 2.

3. The comprehensive utilization and recovery process of polymetallic ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary scavenging described in step B 3) is to add zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, to the copper-lead roughing tailing c, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add lead collector 25# black medicine and copper collector GTB1 in sequence for flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j and flotation tailing k, and the copper-lead scavenging 1 concentrate j is returned to the copper-lead roughing; zinc sulfate, a zinc inhibitor, is added to the flotation tailing k, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add lead collector 25# black medicine and copper collector GTB1 in sequence for flotation to obtain copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l and flotation tailing m, and the copper-lead scavenging 2 concentrate l is returned to the copper-lead scavenging 1.

4. The comprehensive recovery process of polymetallic ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: C step 1) is to add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the flotation tailings m, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, then add copper sulfate, a sphalerite activator, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, and finally add zinc collector GZ-1 to flotate to obtain zinc rough concentrate o and zinc rougher 1 tailings p; add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc rougher 1 tailings p, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, then add copper sulfate, a sphalerite activator, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, and finally add zinc collector GZ-1 to flotate to obtain zinc rough concentrate q and zinc rougher 2 tailings r.

5. The comprehensive utilization and recovery process of polymetallic ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tertiary concentration described in step C2) is to combine the zinc rough concentrate o and the zinc rough concentrate q, add dispersant sodium silicate and pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, and then flotate to obtain zinc concentrate 1 concentrate s and zinc concentrate 1 tailings t, and the zinc concentrate 1 tailings t is returned to zinc rough concentrate 1; add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc concentrate 1 concentrate s, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, and then flotate to obtain zinc concentrate 2 concentrate u and zinc concentrate 2 tailings v, and the zinc concentrate 2 tailings v is returned to zinc concentrate 1; add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc concentrate 2 concentrate u, stir for 2 to 4 minutes, and then flotate to obtain zinc concentrate 3 concentrate w and zinc concentrate 3 tailings x, and the zinc concentrate 3 tailings x is returned to zinc concentrate 2.

6. The comprehensive utilization and recovery process of polymetallic ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: C. The secondary scavenging described in step 3) is to add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc rougher 2 tailings r, stir for 3 minutes, then add copper sulfate as a sphalerite activator, stir for 2-4 minutes, and finally add zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa and zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab, and the zinc scavenging 1 concentrate aa is returned to the zinc rougher 1; add pyrite and pyrrhotite inhibitor lime to the zinc scavenging 1 tailings ab, stir for 2-4 minutes, then add copper sulfate as a sphalerite activator, stir for 2-4 minutes, and finally add zinc collector GZ-1 for flotation to obtain zinc scavenging 2 concentrate ac and zinc scavenging 2 tailings ad, and the zinc scavenging 1 concentrate ac is returned to the zinc scavenging 1.

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