A machining damping tool for large thin-walled workpieces

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of large thin-walled workpiece machining damping tool, comprising: fixed damping mechanism, including a plurality of damping ring, damping ring inside is connected with damping structure, damping ring circle is set in the outer of the workpiece being processed and is connected with lathe disc, damping structure provides damping force for workpiece vibration;Movable damping mechanism, including connecting seat, damping plate and damping assembly, damping plate can be moved along the first direction relative to connecting seat, damping assembly includes displacement amplification structure and damper, displacement amplification structure connects damping plate and damper, and the displacement of damping plate is amplified and input to damper;Damping plate is attached to the outer wall or inner wall of the turning position of the workpiece being processed, the first direction is parallel to the first straight line that passes through cutting point and is perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece being processed, and connecting seat is fixed relative to the workpiece being processed in the first direction.This application can reduce the vibration in the process of workpiece processing, and can be processed under higher processing parameters, to ensure the high quality and high efficiency of workpiece processing.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of thin-walled workpiece machining technology, and particularly relates to a large thin-walled workpiece turning damping tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] Thin-walled workpieces are widely used in the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry and the like due to light weight, compact structure and high specific strength. However, due to thin wall thickness and poor rigidity of the thin-walled workpieces, especially large thin-walled workpieces, cutting deformation and vibration are prone to occur in the turning process under the influence of cutting force, gravity and the like, which is a recognized machining difficulty.

[0003] At present, the machining vibration of the workpiece is mainly reduced by reducing the process cutting parameters (such as reducing the spindle speed of the machine tool and reducing the cutting amount) in the turning process of the large thin-walled workpiece. In the face of the requirements of high quality and high efficiency for the machining of the large thin-walled workpiece, it is necessary to design a damping tool to reduce the vibration influence in the turning process of the workpiece, so as to ensure the high quality and high efficiency of the machining of the workpiece. SUMMARY

[0004] Based on the above description, the present application provides a large thin-walled workpiece turning damping tool to reduce the vibration influence in the turning process of the workpiece and ensure the high quality and high efficiency of the machining of the workpiece.

[0005] The technical scheme for solving the above technical problem is as follows:

[0006] The present application provides a large thin-walled workpiece turning damping tool, and the technical scheme adopted is as follows:

[0007] A large thin-walled workpiece turning damping tool comprises:

[0008] The fixed damping mechanism comprises a plurality of damping rings, the inner side of the damping ring is connected with a damping structure, the damping ring is arranged coaxially outside the machined workpiece and connected with the chuck of the lathe, a plurality of damping rings are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the machined workpiece, and the damping structure is used to provide damping force for workpiece vibration when the damping ring is arranged outside the machined workpiece;

[0009] The movable damping mechanism comprises a connecting seat, a damping plate and a damping assembly, the damping plate is connected to the connecting seat and can move relative to the connecting seat in a first direction, the damping assembly comprises a displacement amplification structure and a damper, the damper is connected to the connecting seat, and the displacement amplification structure connects the damping plate and the damper, and is used to amplify the displacement of the damping plate in the first direction relative to the connecting seat and input the displacement to the damper;

[0010] The damping plate is used to adhere to the outer wall or inner wall of the turning position of the workpiece, and the first direction is parallel to the first straight line intersecting the cutting point and the axis of the workpiece.

[0011] Preferably, the displacement amplification structure comprises:

[0012] The driving rack is fixed with the damping plate and the length direction is parallel to the first direction;

[0013] The driving gear is rotatably connected to the connecting seat and engaged with the driving rack;

[0014] The driven gear is coaxially fixed with the driving gear and has a diameter greater than that of the driving gear;

[0015] The driven rack is connected with the input end of the damper and engaged with the driven gear.

[0016] Preferably, the damping structure comprises a plurality of damping springs, the damping spring axis is perpendicular to the damping ring axis, one end of the damping spring is connected with the damping ring, the other end is connected with the abutting block, the abutting block can move axially along the damping spring relative to the damping ring, and the abutting block is used to abut against the workpiece when the damping ring is arranged outside the workpiece.

[0017] Preferably, the damping structure comprises a plurality of damping springs, the damping spring axis is perpendicular to the damping ring axis, one end of the damping spring is connected with the damping ring, the other end is connected with the abutting block, the abutting block can move axially along the damping spring relative to the damping ring, and the abutting block is used to abut against the workpiece when the damping ring is arranged outside the workpiece.

[0018] Preferably, the side of the damping plate used to adhere to the workpiece is provided with an arc surface adapted to the workpiece.

[0019] Preferably, the damper is a spring damper.

[0020] Preferably, adjacent damping rings are connected by connecting screws, the connecting screws pass through adjacent two damping rings and are fixed with the two damping rings by nuts.

[0021] Preferably, the damping plate is connected with the connecting seat by a guide shaft, the guide shaft is parallel to the first direction and passes through the connecting seat, the guide shaft can move axially relative to the guide seat, one end of the guide shaft is connected with a mounting seat, and the damping plate is connected with the mounting seat by bolts.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] This application employs a fixed vibration damping mechanism and a movable vibration damping mechanism. During machining, after the workpiece is clamped and fixed on the lathe facet, multiple damping rings in the fixed vibration damping mechanism are positioned around the workpiece and fixed to the facet. The inner damping structure of the damping rings abuts against the outer wall of the workpiece. During the machining of inner or outer diameters, the workpiece vibration causes the damping structure to generate damping force to dissipate vibration energy. The damping rings support the damping structure, and the damping structure and damping rings work together to reduce vibration during workpiece machining. Simultaneously, when the workpiece is clamped and fixed on the lathe facet, the damping plate of the movable vibration damping mechanism is in contact with the outer or inner wall of the workpiece at the machining position. Since the cutting position is where the cutting tool contacts the workpiece, when machining an inner diameter, the damping plate is in contact with the outer wall of the workpiece; when machining an outer diameter, the damping plate is in contact with the inner wall of the workpiece. The relative position of the connecting seat and the cutting tool remains unchanged. As the workpiece rotates with the lathe facet, the damping plate remains in contact with the side wall of the cutting position of the workpiece. By allowing relative movement between the damping plate and the connecting seat, and through the arrangement of the damping components, vibration at the workpiece cutting location is transmitted to the damping plate, causing it to move relative to the connecting seat in a first direction. The displacement of the damping plate is amplified by a displacement amplification structure and then input into the damper. The damper generates damping force to dissipate energy, thereby reducing vibration at the workpiece cutting location and reducing vibration transmitted from the cutting location to other locations, thus reducing overall workpiece vibration. Furthermore, because the displacement of the damping plate is amplified and input into the damper, even minute vibrations of the workpiece can be amplified and input into the damper, resulting in a larger damping force for smaller vibrations, higher sensitivity, and better vibration reduction. Therefore, this application can reduce vibration during workpiece processing, reduce the impact of vibration on workpiece processing quality, and allow processing under higher process parameters, improving processing efficiency and ensuring high-quality and high-efficiency workpiece processing. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration damping ring in the vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the vibration damping structure is an elastic rubber ring;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration damping ring in the vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The vibration damping structure includes a vibration damping spring, a support block, and a connecting rod.

[0027] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the movable vibration damping mechanism in the vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 1. Fixed vibration damping mechanism; 11. Vibration damping ring; 12. Elastic rubber ring; 13. Vibration damping spring; 14. Support block; 15. Connecting rod; 16. Connecting screw; 17. Fixed screw; 2. Movable vibration damping mechanism; 21. Connecting seat; 22. Vibration damping plate; 23. Damper; 24. Shifting and amplifying structure; 241. Driving rack; 242. Driving gear; 243. Driven gear; 244. Driven rack; 25. Guide shaft; 26. Mounting seat. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0032] It is understood that spatial relation terms such as "below," "under," "below," "below," "above," "above," etc., can be used here to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figure and other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, spatial relation terms also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, the element or feature described as "below" or "below" of the other element or feature will be oriented "above" the other element or feature. Therefore, the exemplary terms "below" and "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. Furthermore, the device may also include other orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial descriptive terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0033] It should be noted that when one element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or connected to the other element through an intermediary element. In the following embodiments, "connection" should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if the connected circuits, modules, units, etc., have the transmission of electrical signals or data between them.

[0034] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated feature, whole, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0035] Reference Figures 1-4 As shown in the figure, this application provides a vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces, including a fixed vibration damping mechanism 1 and a movable vibration damping mechanism 2.

[0036] Reference Figures 1-3 As shown, the fixed vibration damping mechanism 1 includes multiple vibration damping rings 11. A vibration damping structure is connected to the inner side of each vibration damping ring 11. The vibration damping ring 11 is coaxially arranged around the workpiece and connected to the lathe faceplate. Multiple vibration damping rings 11 are spaced apart axially on the workpiece. The vibration damping structure is used to provide damping force for workpiece vibration when the vibration damping ring 11 is arranged around the workpiece.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the vibration damping structure may include an elastic rubber ring 12. The elastic rubber ring 12 is coaxial with the vibration damping ring 11 and is fixed to the inner wall of the vibration damping plate 22 and the vibration damping ring 11. The elastic rubber ring 12 is used to resist the workpiece when the vibration damping ring 11 is encircled outside the workpiece, so as to provide damping force through the elastic rubber ring 12 when the workpiece vibrates, thereby achieving the vibration damping effect.

[0038] Or, refer to Figure 3 As shown, in other embodiments, the vibration damping structure may include multiple damping springs 13, the axes of which intersect perpendicularly with the axis of the damping ring 11. One end of the damping spring 13 is connected to the damping ring 11, and the other end is connected to a supporting block 14. The supporting block 14 can move relative to the damping ring 11 along the axial direction of the damping spring 13. The supporting block 14 is used to support the workpiece when the damping ring 11 is encircled outside the workpiece. When the workpiece vibrates, the workpiece moves relative to the damping ring 11, thereby driving the supporting block 14 to move and compress the damping spring 13. The damping spring 13 generates a damping force, thereby achieving a vibration damping effect and reducing the vibration of the workpiece. Specifically, the abutment block 14 is connected to the damping ring 11 via the connecting rod 15. The axis of the connecting rod 15 is coaxial with the damping spring 13. The connecting rod 15 passes through the side wall of the damping ring 11 and can move axially relative to the damping ring 11. One end of the abutment block 14 is fixed to the connecting rod 15, while the damping spring 13 is sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod 15. Both ends abut against the inner wall of the damping ring 11 and the abutment block 14, respectively.

[0039] During machining, after the workpiece is clamped and fixed on the lathe facet, multiple damping rings 11 in the damping mechanism 1 are encircled around the workpiece and fixed to the facet. The damping structure inside the damping rings 11 abuts against the outer wall of the workpiece. During the machining of inner or outer circles, since the workpiece mainly vibrates radially, the vibration of the workpiece causes the damping structure to generate damping force. The damping structure and the damping rings 11 work together to reduce the vibration of the workpiece during machining.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 As shown, specifically, to facilitate fixing multiple damping rings 11 to the lathe faceplate, adjacent damping rings 11 are connected by connecting screws 16. The connecting screws 16 pass through two adjacent damping rings 11 and are fixed to the two damping rings 11 with nuts. Specifically, the damping rings 11 have holes for the connecting screws 16 to pass through. Each end of the connecting screw 16 is connected to two nuts. The two nuts at one end of the connecting screw 16 abut against the damping ring 11 on both sides, thereby fixing the connecting screw 16 to the damping ring 11. Adjacent damping rings 11 are connected by multiple connecting screws 16, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the damping rings 11 to improve connection strength. The damping rings 11 closest to the lathe faceplate are also fixed to the lathe faceplate by multiple fixing screws 17. The fixing screws 17 are also fixed to the damping rings 11 with nuts, and the fixing screws 17 are directly threaded onto the lathe faceplate. This achieves the purpose of fixing the vibration damping ring 11 to the lathe faceplate. For cylindrical workpieces, both the connecting screw 16 and the fixing screw 17 are parallel to the workpiece axis. For frustum-shaped or variable-diameter workpieces, the axis of the connecting screw 16 is parallel to the generatrix of the workpiece, and the fixing screw 17 is parallel to the workpiece axis.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the movable vibration damping mechanism 2 includes a connecting seat 21, a damping plate 22, and a vibration damping assembly. The damping plate 22 is connected to the connecting seat 21 and can move relative to the connecting seat 21 along a first direction. The vibration damping assembly includes a displacement amplification structure 24 and a damper 23. The damper 23 is connected to the connecting seat 21. The displacement amplification structure 24 connects the damping plate 22 and the damper 23. The displacement amplification structure 24 is used to amplify the displacement of the damping plate 22 relative to the connecting seat 21 in the first direction and input it to the damper 23. The damping plate 22 is used to conform to the outer or inner wall of the workpiece at the turning position, and the first direction is parallel to a first straight line passing through the cutting point and intersecting perpendicularly with the axis of the workpiece. The connecting seat 21 is used to fix relative to the workpiece in the first direction.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, when the workpiece is clamped and fixed on the lathe facet, the damping plate 22 of the movable damping mechanism 2 is made to fit against the outer or inner wall of the turning position of the workpiece. Since the cutting position is the position where the cutting tool contacts the workpiece, when the workpiece is machining the inner circle, the damping plate 22 fits against the outer wall of the workpiece, and when the workpiece is machining the outer circle, the damping plate 22 fits against the inner wall of the workpiece. The relative position of the connecting seat 21 and the cutting tool remains unchanged. During the rotation of the workpiece with the lathe facet, the damping plate 22 always fits against the side wall of the cutting position of the workpiece. Through the relative movable arrangement between the damping plate 22 and the connecting seat 21, and the arrangement of the damping components, the vibration at the workpiece cutting location is transmitted to the damping plate 22, thereby driving the damping plate 22 to move relative to the connecting seat 21 in the first direction. The displacement of the damping plate 22 is amplified by the displacement amplification structure 24 and then input into the damper 23. The damper 23 generates damping force to dissipate energy, thereby reducing the vibration at the workpiece cutting location and reducing the vibration transmitted from the workpiece cutting location to other locations, thus reducing the overall vibration of the workpiece. Furthermore, since the displacement of the damping plate 22 is amplified and input into the damper 23, even small vibrations of the workpiece can be amplified and input into the damper 23. For smaller vibrations of the workpiece, a larger damping force can be generated, resulting in higher sensitivity and better vibration reduction effect. The local vibration reduction effect of the movable damping mechanism 2 at the cutting location, combined with the overall vibration reduction effect of the fixed damping mechanism 1, can effectively reduce the vibration during the workpiece processing, reduce the impact of vibration on the workpiece processing quality, allow processing under higher processing parameters, improve processing efficiency, and ensure high quality and high efficiency in workpiece processing.

[0043] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the displacement amplification structure 24 includes an active rack 241, an active gear 242, a driven gear 243, and a driven rack 244. The active rack 241 is fixed to the damping plate 22 and its length direction is parallel to the first direction. The active gear 242 is rotatably connected to the connecting seat 21 and meshes with the active rack 241. The driven gear 243 is coaxially fixed with the active gear 242 and its diameter is larger than that of the active gear 242. The driven rack 244 is connected to the input end of the damper 23 and meshes with the driven gear 243.

[0044] Reference Figure 4As shown, specifically, to achieve a stable connection between the damping plate 22 and the connecting seat 21, the damping plate 22 is connected to the connecting seat 21 via a guide shaft 25. The guide shaft 25 is parallel to the first direction and passes through the connecting seat 21, and the guide shaft 25 can move axially relative to the guide seat. One end of the guide shaft 25 is connected to a mounting seat 26, and the damping plate 22 is bolted to the mounting seat 26. In this embodiment, multiple guide shafts 25 are provided, while only one mounting seat 26 is provided, to improve the stability of the movement of the damping plate 22 along the first direction and limit the rotation of the damping plate 22. The driving rack 241 is parallel to the axis of the guide shaft 25 in its length direction and is fixedly installed on a guide shaft 25. The driving gear 242 and the driven gear 243 are fixedly connected via a coaxial connecting shaft, which is rotatably mounted on the connecting seat 21 via bearings.

[0045] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the damper 23 can be a spring damper. Correspondingly, its input shaft axis is perpendicular to the connecting shaft axis, and the driven rack 244 is parallel to the input shaft axis of the damper 23 along its length direction. The driven rack 244 is fixed to the input shaft of the damper 23. Using a spring damper allows for quick and automatic reset, thereby keeping the damping plate 22 in contact with the workpiece to stably transmit the vibration of the workpiece to the damper 23, thus improving the vibration reduction effect.

[0046] Furthermore, the side of the damping plate 22 that contacts the workpiece is designed as an arc surface adapted to the workpiece, thereby increasing the contact area between the damping plate 22 and the workpiece and ensuring a better damping effect. The damping plate 22 is bolted to the mounting base 26, allowing for easy replacement of the appropriate damping plate 22 according to the workpiece's machining position (inner or outer circle). For workpieces with varying diameters, such as frustum shapes, different damping plates 22 can be used when turning different sections of the workpiece along the axial direction to ensure a larger contact area between the damping plate 22 and the workpiece, thus better achieving the damping effect.

[0047] In actual machining, the workpiece is typically clamped and fixed on the lathe facet with its axis vertical. The facet rotates the workpiece, and the cutting tool moves along the workpiece's axial direction (vertical direction) to machine the workpiece's turning surface. For workpieces with varying diameters, such as frustum shapes, the cutting tool also needs to move radially (horizontally) to maintain contact with the machined surface. Therefore, when installing the movable damping mechanism 2, for cylindrical workpieces, an external drive mechanism is needed to drive the movable damping mechanism 2 to move synchronously with the cutting tool along the workpiece's axial direction. For workpieces with varying diameters, such as frustum shapes, an external drive mechanism is needed to drive the movable damping mechanism 2 to move synchronously with the cutting tool both axially and radially, thus ensuring that the damping plate 22 remains in contact with the sidewall of the workpiece's turning position. Specific driving methods can be achieved using common drive mechanisms such as lifting tables and horizontal slides. Technical personnel can select a suitable drive mechanism based on actual conditions and needs.

[0048] For large workpieces, the workpiece can be machined in sections along the axial direction. No damping ring 11 is set in the machining section to avoid interference between the damping ring 11 and the cutting tool and the movable damping mechanism 2.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 As shown in the illustration, this embodiment uses the machining of a frustum-shaped cylindrical workpiece as an example. When machining the inner circle, the workpiece is fixed on the lathe faceplate with the smaller diameter end facing down, while when machining the outer circle, the workpiece is fixed on the lathe faceplate with the larger diameter end facing down.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces, characterized in that, include: A fixed vibration damping mechanism (1) includes multiple vibration damping rings (11), and a vibration damping structure is connected to the inner side of each vibration damping ring (11). The vibration damping rings (11) are coaxially arranged around the workpiece and connected to the lathe faceplate. The multiple vibration damping rings (11) are spaced apart axially on the workpiece. The vibration damping structure is used to provide damping force for workpiece vibration when the vibration damping rings (11) are arranged around the workpiece. The movable vibration damping mechanism (2) includes a connecting seat (21), a damping plate (22), and a vibration damping assembly. The damping plate (22) is connected to the connecting seat (21) and can move relative to the connecting seat (21) in a first direction. The vibration damping assembly includes a displacement amplification structure (24) and a damper (23). The damper (23) is connected to the connecting seat (21). The displacement amplification structure (24) connects the damping plate (22) and the damper (23). The displacement amplification structure (24) is used to amplify the displacement of the damping plate (22) relative to the connecting seat (21) in the first direction and input it to the damper (23). The damping plate (22) is used to fit the outer or inner wall of the workpiece being machined at the turning position, and the first direction is parallel to the first straight line that passes through the cutting point and intersects the axis of the workpiece being machined perpendicularly. The connecting seat (21) is used to fix relative to the workpiece being machined in the first direction. The displacement amplification structure (24) includes: An active rack (241) is fixed to the damping plate (22) and its length direction is parallel to the first direction; A drive gear (242) is rotatably connected to the connecting seat (21) and meshes with the drive rack (241); Driven gear (243) is coaxially fixed with the driving gear (242) and has a diameter larger than that of the driving gear (242); Driven rack (244), which is connected to the input end of the damper (23) and meshes with the driven gear (243).

2. The vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration damping structure includes an elastic rubber ring (12), which is coaxial with the vibration damping ring (11) and fits against the inner wall of the vibration damping ring (11). The elastic rubber ring (12) is used to abut against the workpiece when the vibration damping ring (11) is encircled outside the workpiece.

3. The vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration damping structure includes multiple vibration damping springs (13). The axis of the vibration damping spring (13) intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the vibration damping ring (11). One end of the vibration damping spring (13) is connected to the vibration damping ring (11), and the other end is connected to a support block (14). The support block (14) can move relative to the vibration damping ring (11) along the axis of the vibration damping spring (13). The support block (14) is used to support the workpiece when the vibration damping ring (11) is encircled outside the workpiece.

4. The vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping plate (22) is designed with an arc surface that fits the workpiece on the side that is in contact with it.

5. The vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damper (23) is a spring damper.

6. The vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjacent damping rings (11) are connected by a connecting screw (16), which passes through the two adjacent damping rings (11) and is fixed to the two damping rings (11) by a nut.

7. The vibration damping fixture for machining large thin-walled workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping plate (22) is connected to the connecting seat (21) via a guide shaft (25). The guide shaft (25) is parallel to the first direction and passes through the connecting seat (21). The guide shaft (25) can move axially relative to the connecting seat (21). One end of the guide shaft (25) is connected to a mounting seat (26). The damping plate (22) is bolted to the mounting seat (26).

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