Polyurethane acoustic material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a polyurethane acoustic material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Reaction raw materials of the polyurethane acoustic material comprise a component A and a component B in a weight ratio of 100: (58-70), wherein the component A is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 40 to 60 parts of polyether polyol I, 20 to 40 parts of polyether polyol II, 10 to 20 parts of polycarbonate polyol, 0.2 to 0.9 part of a cross-linking agent, 0.2 to 0.45 part of a surfactant, 0.3 to 0.8 part of a catalyst I, 0.3 to 0.8 part of a catalyst II, 0.05 to 0.5 part of a catalyst III, 3.8 to 4.8 parts of water and 0 to 1 part of color paste; and the component B is combined modified MDI. The polyurethane acoustic material provided by the invention can achieve the effects of high strength, difficulty in cracking and difficulty in debonding with a motor shell, and can be applied to wrapping of a driving motor of a new energy electric vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an acoustic material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a polyurethane acoustic material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As automobile technology matures, the mechanical performance and comfort performance of the automobile itself have become important criteria for measuring automobile quality, and noise is one of them. Powertrain noise is one of the main noise sources of automobiles, especially in new energy vehicles, which is mainly reflected in the rapid acceleration and coasting of the vehicle. Because the output torque of the drive motor of new energy vehicles is often the maximum torque during rapid acceleration, and when the vehicle speed increases, the high-frequency noise of the drive motor becomes the main component of the powertrain noise; when the new energy vehicle is coasting, the meshing noise of the reducer gear also becomes the main component of the powertrain noise.

[0003] In order to reduce the noise of the drive motor, the inner layer of polyurethane foam material is usually wrapped by EVA, and the polyurethane foam material is bonded to the outer surface of the drive motor to form a drive motor sound insulation cover to reduce the noise generated by the drive motor. In the above structure, the polyurethane foam material plays the main sound absorption function.

[0004] Generally, the main indicator for evaluating the sound absorption performance of materials is the sound absorption coefficient. Most materials have a certain sound absorption capacity. The sound absorption coefficient of ordinary materials is around 0.1. Materials with a sound absorption coefficient greater than 0.2 are sound absorbing materials, and materials with a sound absorption coefficient greater than 0.5 are relatively good sound absorbing materials. Materials with a sound absorption coefficient of more than 0.7 have excellent sound absorption performance.

[0005] CN 116925316A discloses a method for preparing a polyurethane acoustic material. By rationally selecting the components of catalyst, silicone oil, water, polyether polyol, and component B, and their synergistic effects, the prepared polyurethane acoustic material has excellent air permeability (25L / min) and excellent sound absorption effect without the need for a pore-opening agent. However, it was later found in practical applications that the polyurethane acoustic material prepared by this method is easy to debond from the motor housing, the polyurethane material is easy to crack in complex structure, and the mechanical strength of the polyurethane acoustic material is not high. Summary of the invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a polyurethane acoustic material which has high strength, is not easy to crack, and is not easy to debond from the motor housing.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a polyurethane acoustic material which has high strength, is not prone to cracking, and is not prone to debonding from a motor housing.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a use of a polyurethane acoustic material that has high strength, is not prone to cracking, and is not prone to debonding from a motor housing.

[0009] Technical solution: The polyurethane acoustic material described in the present invention comprises a reaction raw material composed of component A and component B in a weight ratio of 100:58-70; wherein, in parts by weight, component A comprises: 40-60 parts of polyether polyol I, 20-40 parts of polyether polyol II, 10-20 parts of polycarbonate polyol, 0.2-0.9 parts of a crosslinking agent, 0.2-0.45 parts of a surfactant, 0.3-0.8 parts of a catalyst I, 0.3-0.8 parts of a catalyst II, 0.05-0.5 parts of a catalyst III, 3.8-4.8 parts of water, and 0-1 parts of a color paste; and component B is a combined modified MDI.

[0010] Preferably, the functionality of the polycarbonate polyol is 2-3, the hydroxyl value is 52-56 mgKOH / g, and the carbon dioxide content is 15%-17%wt.

[0011] Preferably, the combined modified MDI is selected from at least two of CNI-1600, CNI-1800, and CNI-1190.

[0012] Preferably, the functionality of the polyether polyol I is 3-4, and the hydroxyl value is 25-30 mgKOH / g; the functionality of the polyether polyol II is 3-4, and the hydroxyl value is 31-35 mgKOH / g.

[0013] Preferably, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of alcohol compounds and amine compounds with a functionality of 3-4; the surfactant is a polysiloxane-olefin oxide block copolymer; the catalyst I is a gel-type tertiary amine catalyst; the catalyst II is a balanced catalyst; and the catalyst III is a reactive amine catalyst.

[0014] Preferably, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of glycerol, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine; the catalyst I is selected from at least one of PC-15 and Z-130; the catalyst II is selected from at least one of DPA, DMEA, and NE-1082; the catalyst III is selected from at least one of ZF-10 and NE-300; and the surfactant is selected from at least one of B8715, B8734, B8742, B8738, L-3627, and L-3628.

[0015] The method for preparing the polyurethane acoustic material of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0016] (1) Preparation of component A: In container A, add 40-60 parts of polyether polyol I, 20-40 parts of polyether polyol II, 10-20 parts of polycarbonate polyol, 0.2-0.9 parts of crosslinking agent, 0.2-0.45 parts of surfactant, 0.3-0.8 parts of catalyst I, 0.3-0.8 parts of catalyst II, 0.05-0.5 parts of catalyst III, 3.8-4.8 parts of water, and 0-1 parts of color paste in sequence; stir evenly to obtain material I;

[0017] (2) Preparation of component B: Adding the combined modified MDI into container B to obtain material II;

[0018] (3) Pumping material I and material II into material tank A and material tank B respectively, and starting high-pressure circulation; setting the weight ratio of material I to material II to 100:58-70, mixing material I and material II at high speed, and then quickly injecting them into the mold, closing the mold for maturation, and opening the mold to obtain the polyurethane acoustic material.

[0019] Preferably, the functionality of the polycarbonate polyol described in step (1) is 2-3, the hydroxyl value is 52-56 mgKOH / g, and the carbon dioxide content is 15%-17%wt.

[0020] Preferably, the combined modified MDI described in step (2) is selected from at least two of CNI-1600, CNI-1800, and CNI-1190.

[0021] Preferably, the mold temperature in step (3) is 50-65°C.

[0022] A polyurethane acoustic material is used in wrapping a drive motor of a new energy electric vehicle.

[0023] Principle of the invention: The present invention adds polycarbonate polyols during the preparation of polyurethane acoustic materials and changes the type of combined modified MDI, so that the sound absorption coefficient of the polyurethane acoustic material remains unchanged, and the polyurethane acoustic material no longer easily debonds from the motor housing, and its physical strength is greatly improved. There are a large number of ester bond structures in polycarbonate polyols, which make the chemical bond with the motor housing material stronger, and the physical strength performance of the ester bond is also better than that of the ether bond; the modified MDI reacts with the small molecule alcohol in advance during the modification process, and the better reaction process control during the modification process enables the modified MDI to have a better segment distribution, thereby better improving the physical strength of the polyurethane acoustic material.

[0024] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) By adding polycarbonate polyol during the preparation of the polyurethane acoustic material, the sound absorption coefficient of the polyurethane acoustic material remains unchanged, and the polyurethane acoustic material no longer easily debonds from the motor housing, and its physical strength is greatly improved (the tensile strength can be increased by up to 65.7%); (2) By adding polycarbonate polyol to the polyurethane acoustic material and changing the type of combined modified MDI, the physical strength of the polyurethane acoustic material is further improved.

[0025] The polyurethane acoustic material prepared by the present invention was tested, and the test standards or methods used were as follows:

[0026] Density test: ASTM D3574-2017;

[0027] Tensile strength: ASTM D3574-2017;

[0028] Tear strength: ASTM D3574-2017;

[0029] 40% compression strength: ISO 3386-1-1997;

[0030] Air permeability: ASTM-D3574;

[0031] Appearance assessment: There is no peeling between the foam layer and the motor housing, and there is no cracking in the foam layer;

[0032] Sound absorption coefficient: GB / T 18696.2-2002. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0034] The relevant information of the raw materials used in the present invention is shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1 List of raw materials

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] Example 1

[0039] The method for preparing the polyurethane acoustic material of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) Prepare component A: add 58.1 parts of polyether polyol I CHE-328N, 25.9 parts of polyether polyol II CHE-338N, 5 parts of polycarbonate polyol CHE-2015E, 5 parts of polycarbonate polyol CHE-3015E, 0.5 parts of glycerol crosslinker, 0.3 parts of surfactant B8715, 0.5 parts of catalyst I PC-15, 0.5 parts of catalyst II DPA, 0.2 parts of catalyst III ZF-10, and 4 parts of water to container A in order by weight; stir evenly at 20-25° C. to obtain material I;

[0041] (2) Prepare component B: add 60 parts of combined modified MDI into container B (wherein the added amounts of CNI-1600, CNI-1800 and CNI-1190 are 10 parts, 40 parts and 10 parts respectively); obtain material II;

[0042] (3) Material I and material II are pumped into material tank A and material tank B respectively, and high-pressure circulation is started respectively; the weight ratio of material I to material II is set to 100:60 on the high-pressure machine, and material I and material II are mixed and stirred at high speed by the high-pressure machine, and then quickly injected into the mold, and the mold temperature is set to 65°C. After the injection is completed, the mold is closed and matured for 2.5 minutes, and the mold is opened to obtain a polyurethane acoustic material.

[0043] Embodiment 2-8

[0044] According to the preparation method and reaction conditions disclosed in Example 1, only the addition amounts of some components were changed to construct Examples 2-8, as shown in Table 2.

[0045] Table 2 Weight percentage of each component in the polyurethane acoustic material formula of Examples 1-8

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] (1) Prepare component A: add 65 parts of polyether polyol I CHE-328N, 29 parts of polyether polyol II CHE-338N, 0.5 parts of glycerol crosslinker, 0.3 parts of surfactant B8715, 0.5 parts of catalyst I PC-15, 0.5 parts of catalyst II DPA, 0.2 parts of catalyst III ZF-10, and 4 parts of water to container A in order by weight; stir evenly at 20-25° C. to obtain material I;

[0050] (2) Prepare component B: Add 60 parts of combined modified MDI CNI-1800 into container B to obtain material II;

[0051] (3) Material I and material II are pumped into material tank A and material tank B respectively, and high-pressure circulation is started respectively; the weight ratio of material I to material II is set to 100:60 on the high-pressure machine, and material I and material II are mixed and stirred at high speed by the high-pressure machine, and then quickly injected into the mold, and the mold temperature is set to 65°C. After the injection is completed, the mold is closed and matured for 2.5 minutes, and the mold is opened to obtain a polyurethane acoustic material.

[0052] The performance test data of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 3.

[0053] Table 3 Performance test data of polyurethane acoustic materials of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Example 1

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] According to the data comparison between Examples 7-8 and Comparative Example 1, it can be concluded that the addition of polycarbonate polyol can keep the sound absorption coefficient of the polyurethane acoustic material unchanged, and the phenomenon of easy debonding from the motor housing will no longer occur, and its physical strength is greatly improved (tensile strength is increased by 25.7%, and tear strength is increased by 27.6%); According to the data comparison between Examples 1 and 7, and the data comparison between Examples 2 and 8, it can be seen that the addition of polycarbonate polyol and the change of the type of combined modified MDI can further improve the mechanical strength of the polyurethane acoustic material (tensile strength is increased by 34.9%, and tear strength is increased by 26.7%); According to the data comparison between Examples 1 and 5, it can be found that the addition of polycarbonate polyol and the simultaneous addition of three combined modified MDIs have a promoting effect on improving the mechanical strength of the polyurethane acoustic material.

[0057] In summary, the present invention adds polycarbonate polyol and uses combined modified MDI to make the tensile strength and tear strength of the prepared polyurethane acoustic material significantly better than those of Comparative Example 1, while also retaining excellent acoustic properties and a shorter mold aging time.

Claims

1. A polyurethane acoustic material, characterized in that: The reaction raw materials of the polyurethane acoustic material are composed of component A and component B in a weight ratio of 100:58-70; wherein, in parts by weight, component A includes: 40-60 parts of polyether polyol I, 20-40 parts of polyether polyol II, 10-20 parts of polycarbonate polyol, 0.2-0.9 parts of crosslinking agent, 0.2-0.45 parts of surfactant, 0.3-0.8 parts of catalyst I, 0.3-0.8 parts of catalyst II, 0.05-0.5 parts of catalyst III, 3.8-4.8 parts of water, and 0-1 parts of color paste; component B is combined modified MDI.

2. The polyurethane acoustic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functionality of the polycarbonate polyol is 2-3, the hydroxyl value is 52-56 mgKOH / g, and the carbon dioxide content is 15%-17%wt.

3. The polyurethane acoustic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combined modified MDI is selected from at least two of CNI-1600, CNI-1800 and CNI-1190.

4. The polyurethane acoustic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functionality of the polyether polyol I is 3-4, and the hydroxyl value is 25-30 mgKOH / g; the functionality of the polyether polyol II is 3-4, and the hydroxyl value is 31-35 mgKOH / g.

5. The polyurethane acoustic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of alcohol compounds and alcohol amine compounds with a functionality of 3-4; the surfactant is a polysiloxane-olefin oxide block copolymer; the catalyst I is a gel-type tertiary amine catalyst; Catalyst II is a balanced catalyst; Catalyst III is a reactive amine catalyst.

6. The polyurethane acoustic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of glycerol, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine; the catalyst I is selected from at least one of PC-15 and Z-130; the catalyst II is selected from at least one of DPA, DMEA, and NE-1082; the catalyst III is selected from at least one of ZF-10 and NE-300; the surfactant is selected from at least one of B8715, B8734, B8742, B8738, L-3627, and L-3628.

7. A method for preparing the polyurethane acoustic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preparation of component A: In container A, add 40-60 parts of polyether polyol I, 20-40 parts of polyether polyol II, 10-20 parts of polycarbonate polyol, 0.2-0.9 parts of crosslinking agent, 0.2-0.45 parts of surfactant, 0.3-0.8 parts of catalyst I, 0.3-0.8 parts of catalyst II, 0.05-0.5 parts of catalyst III, 3.8-4.8 parts of water, and 0-1 parts of color paste in sequence; stir evenly to obtain material I; (2) Preparation of component B: Adding the combined modified MDI into container B to obtain material II; (3) Pumping material I and material II into material tank A and material tank B respectively, and starting high-pressure circulation; setting the weight ratio of material I to material II to 100:58-70, mixing material I and material II at high speed, and then quickly injecting them into the mold, closing the mold for maturation, and opening the mold to obtain the polyurethane acoustic material.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The functionality of the polycarbonate polyol described in step (1) is 2-3, the hydroxyl value is 52-56 mgKOH / g, and the carbon dioxide content is 15%-17%wt.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The combined modified MDI described in step (2) is selected from at least two of CNI-1600, CNI-1800, and CNI-1190.

10. Use of the polyurethane acoustic material according to claim 1 in wrapping a drive motor of a new energy electric vehicle.

Images