Alkaline secondary battery diaphragm with low cost, long service life, high performance and low self-discharge as well as preparation process and application of alkaline secondary battery diaphragm

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost, long-life, high-performance and low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery diaphragm as well as a preparation process and application thereof. The diaphragm is a three-dimensional porous membrane formed by filling an alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane base material with hydrophilic rare earth oxide slurry, or the diaphragm comprises an alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane base material, and a three-dimensional porous membrane formed by hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst slurry and hydrophilic rare earth oxide slurry which are sequentially filled on the membrane base material; or the diaphragm comprises an alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane base material and a three-dimensional porous membrane formed by a slurry compound of hydrophilic rare earth oxide and a hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst, wherein the slurry compound is uniformly mixed and then filled on the membrane base material. The preparation method can effectively overcome the defects of the existing aqueous alkaline secondary poor-liquid-state and rich-liquid-state battery diaphragms, and the prepared three-dimensional porous diaphragm for the aqueous alkaline secondary battery can effectively improve the recycling performance and electrochemical performance of the battery when being used for preparing the aqueous alkaline secondary battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aqueous alkaline secondary battery separators, and specifically relates to a low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge alkaline secondary battery separator, and a preparation process and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aqueous alkaline secondary batteries (alkaline secondary batteries with a mixed aqueous solution of NaOH, KOH, LiOH·H2O as the electrolyte) are divided into lean liquid batteries and rich liquid batteries. The diaphragm used in lean liquid batteries is generally an ordinary polypropylene diaphragm with good air permeability. The main problems are: first, the oxygen in the positive electrode can easily pass through the diaphragm to oxidize the negative electrode; second, it is easy for the electrolyte in the diaphragm to be completely squeezed out due to the expansion of the plate, causing the electrode group to dry up and eventually end its life; third, this type of diaphragm is very easy to be punctured by the burrs of the plate or the active material is embedded in the diaphragm due to powder loss, resulting in a micro short circuit of the battery or even a direct short circuit of the battery, causing the end of life. The diaphragm used in liquid-rich batteries is generally a superposition of a nylon membrane and a microporous grafted membrane. The microporous grafted membrane is extremely dense and can only allow ions to pass through but is not airtight. It can play a role in gas isolation in the case of liquid-rich state, but cannot prevent the problem of battery short circuit caused by plate burrs. At the same time, since the diaphragm combination will be compressed during the expansion of the plate, the electrolyte will be completely squeezed out and does not have the function of being saturated with liquid. During the charging process, the electrode group cannot be vented and replenished in time, resulting in the electrode group lacking liquid, swelling, powder shedding, and drying up, and finally the battery life suddenly ends.

[0003] The patent document with publication number CN117613512A discloses a rare earth oxide modified glass fiber diaphragm and its preparation method and application. The rare earth oxide modified glass fiber diaphragm includes a glass fiber diaphragm and a rare earth oxide coating coated on one side of the glass fiber diaphragm. The preparation process adopts a spraying method to form a rare earth oxide coating on one side of the glass fiber diaphragm. The rare earth oxide particles will penetrate into the network of the glass fiber diaphragm during the spraying process. The rare earth oxide particles, as zinc-philic particles, provide more active sites for zinc deposition, prompting zinc ions to preferentially deposit on the modified layer of the glass fiber diaphragm, avoiding direct deposition on the zinc negative electrode, and promoting dendrite-free zinc deposition. This patented technology can effectively regulate the transmission of zinc ions inside the diaphragm by modifying the rare earth oxide on one side of the glass fiber diaphragm, making the interfacial electric field of the zinc negative electrode uniform to avoid the "tip effect", and at the same time is conducive to regulating the uniform deposition of zinc ions, effectively inhibiting the dendrite growth on the surface of the zinc negative electrode, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery, and is used to prepare aqueous zinc ion batteries.

[0004] Based on the technical problems solved and the objectives achieved by the technical solution of the patent document, it can be seen that the solution only modifies the glass fiber on one side with rare earth oxides, while there is no rare earth oxide on the other side and inside, which indeed shows that the diaphragm is only surface-modified with rare earth oxides; in addition, the modified glass fiber diaphragm is only for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. It is well known that glass fiber is not alkali-resistant and is only resistant to acid corrosion, and zinc-ion batteries are weakly acidic electrolytes. Therefore, it can be seen that the glass fiber diaphragm with only one-side surface modification by rare earth oxides is completely unsuitable for aqueous alkaline secondary batteries. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge three-dimensional porous membrane for aqueous alkaline secondary batteries and a preparation process thereof, which are used to solve the defects of existing aqueous alkaline secondary poor liquid and rich liquid battery separators. The low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge three-dimensional porous membrane for aqueous alkaline secondary batteries prepared by the present invention is used to prepare aqueous alkaline secondary batteries, including poor liquid aqueous alkaline secondary batteries and rich liquid aqueous alkaline secondary batteries, which can effectively improve the battery's recycling performance and electrochemical performance.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems: A low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator, characterized in that the separator is a three-dimensional porous membrane formed by filling a hydrophilic rare earth oxide slurry with an alkali-resistant three-dimensional porous membrane substrate with a thickness of ≥0.1mm, and the pore size of the separator is 2~200μm and the thickness is between 0.06~3mm.

[0007] A low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery diaphragm, characterized in that: the diaphragm comprises an alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate with a thickness of ≥0.1 mm and a three-dimensional porous membrane formed by a slurry of a hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst and a hydrophilic rare earth oxide in sequence filled on the alkali-resistant three-dimensional porous membrane substrate, the pore size of the diaphragm is 2-200 μm, and the thickness is between 0.06-3 mm; or the diaphragm comprises an alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate with a thickness of ≥0.1 mm and a three-dimensional porous membrane formed by a slurry complex of a hydrophilic rare earth oxide and a hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst filled on the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate after uniform mixing, the pore size of the diaphragm is 2-200 μm, and the thickness is between 0.06-3 mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate is one or more of a polypropylene diaphragm, a polyethylene diaphragm or vinylon, and the surface density of the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate is 40-200 g / m 2The pore size is 5~400μm and the thickness is between 0.06~3mm. The alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate only needs hydrophilic treatment and no other special treatment is required. In addition, the diaphragm fiber is relatively coarse and the process is simple, which can greatly reduce the cost. However, the existing microporous grafted membrane of alkaline secondary flooded battery has a complex process and extremely high cost.

[0009] Furthermore, the rare earth element in the hydrophilic rare earth oxide is one or more of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium or yttrium.

[0010] Furthermore, the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst is a precious metal catalyst and a non-precious metal catalyst, wherein the precious metal catalyst is one or more of a platinum-carbon catalyst, a platinum-based alloy catalyst, a palladium-carbon catalyst or a palladium-carbon alloy catalyst, and the non-precious metal catalyst is at least one of nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, molybdenum or tungsten, or an alloy of at least two of them.

[0011] Furthermore, the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst is filled in the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate of the aqueous alkaline secondary battery.

[0012] The method for preparing the low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator of the present invention is characterized in that the specific steps are: firstly, the hydrophilic rare earth oxide and the colloid are prepared into a slurry, and then the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous separator substrate is wet-sizing by a roller press or a slurry scraper, and the feeding amount per unit area is 20-300 g / m 2 , and then dried at 50-70°C to obtain a three-dimensional porous membrane for a long-life, high-performance, low self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery.

[0013] The method for preparing the low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery three-dimensional porous membrane of the present invention is characterized by the specific steps of: firstly preparing a hydrophilic rare earth oxide, a hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst and a colloid into a slurry composite, and then wet-sizing the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate by a roller press or a slurry die, and the amount of material per unit area is 20-300 g / m 2 , and then dried at 50-70°C to obtain a three-dimensional porous membrane for aqueous alkaline secondary batteries with long life, high performance and low self-discharge; Alternatively, the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst and the colloid are first mixed into a slurry, and then the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst slurry is sprayed or squeezed into the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate through a spraying device, a roller press or a slurry scraper. Then, the hydrophilic rare earth oxide and the colloid are mixed into a slurry, and the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate filled with the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst is wet-sized through a roller press or a slurry scraper. The amount of material per unit area is 20~300g / m 2, and then dried at 50-70°C to obtain a three-dimensional porous membrane for a long-life, high-performance, low self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery.

[0014] Furthermore, the colloid is an aqueous solution containing one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0015] The invention discloses an application of the low-cost, long-life, high-performance and low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator in aqueous alkaline secondary batteries. The aqueous alkaline secondary batteries include liquid-poor aqueous alkaline secondary batteries and liquid-rich aqueous alkaline secondary batteries.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the present invention uses the conventional alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane of the existing aqueous alkaline secondary battery as the substrate, and fills the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate with hydrophilic rare earth oxides, firstly, the density of the diaphragm is improved, and the oxygen generated by the positive electrode is prevented from passing through the diaphragm to contact the negative electrode to oxidize the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode outer steel strip and the negative electrode are prevented from being oxidized, thereby stabilizing the performance of the aqueous alkaline secondary battery and improving the battery recycling performance. At the same time, the improvement of the density of the diaphragm also reduces the probability of micro-short circuit of the aqueous alkaline secondary battery and improves the yield rate of the aqueous alkaline secondary battery; secondly, the physical strength of the diaphragm is improved, which can effectively avoid burrs on the positive and negative plates of the battery. The invention can prevent the diaphragm from being penetrated directly and causing a short circuit, and at the same time avoid the micro short circuit caused by the powdering of the active materials of the positive and negative plates of the battery; the third is to increase the moisture retention of the diaphragm. The hydrophilic rare earth oxide itself is hydrophilic. At the same time, the strength of the diaphragm is increased after being filled with hydrophilic rare earth oxide, making it not easy to be squeezed and deformed, so that the electrolyte will not be squeezed out of the diaphragm to cause the diaphragm to lack liquid, thereby affecting the performance of the aqueous alkaline secondary battery; the fourth is that the present invention fills the hydrophilic rare earth oxide into the diaphragm, rather than simply coating it on both sides of the base film, and its function is to increase the physical strength to prevent burrs from piercing the diaphragm, increase the hydrophilic water retention, etc., which is substantially different from the ceramic diaphragm in the patent document (CN117393953A).

[0017] The present invention fills the existing alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate of the aqueous alkaline secondary battery with a complex of a hydrophilic rare earth oxide and a hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst, or fills the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate of the aqueous alkaline secondary battery with the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst and the hydrophilic rare earth oxide in sequence on the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate of the aqueous alkaline secondary battery, so that the oxygen and hydrogen generated by the aqueous alkaline secondary battery during the charging process react again to generate water under the action of the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst on the diaphragm, effectively avoiding oxidation of the negative electrode and preventing water loss of the battery, thereby significantly increasing the cycle performance of the battery, and is particularly suitable for lean liquid aqueous alkaline secondary batteries and rich liquid aqueous alkaline secondary batteries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is the cycle life test curve of square iron-nickel batteries assembled with different separators. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The above contents of the present invention are further described in detail below through examples, but this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following examples, and all technologies implemented based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. Example 1

[0020] First, lanthanum oxide and carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution are prepared into slurry, and then the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate is wet-sized by a roller press, and the loading amount per unit area is 200g / m 2 , and then dried at 60°C to obtain a low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery three-dimensional porous diaphragm. The diaphragm filled with hydrophilic lanthanide rare earth oxide prepared in this embodiment is assembled into an AA iron-nickel cylindrical battery, wherein the positive electrode is a nickel electrode; the negative electrode is an iron electrode, and the electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution. After the assembled AA iron-nickel cylindrical battery is formed, it is charged at 1C for 72 minutes and discharged at 1C to 1.0V for a cycle. The cycle water loss is shown in Table 1. Example 2

[0021] First, lanthanum oxide, hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst and carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution are prepared into slurry, and then the polypropylene alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous diaphragm substrate is wet-sized by a roller press, and the loading amount per unit area is 200g / m 2 , and then dried at 60°C to obtain a low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery three-dimensional porous diaphragm. The diaphragm filled with hydrophilic lanthanide rare earth oxide and hydroxyl composite catalyst prepared in this embodiment is used to assemble AA iron-nickel cylindrical batteries, wherein the positive electrodes are all nickel electrodes, the negative electrodes are all iron electrodes, and the electrolytes are all potassium hydroxide solutions. After the assembled AA iron-nickel cylindrical batteries are formed, 1C charging for 72 minutes and 1C discharge to 1.0V are cycled. The cyclic water loss is shown in Table 1.

[0022] Comparative Example 1 Conventional polypropylene alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous diaphragm was used to assemble AA iron-nickel cylindrical batteries, in which the positive electrodes were all nickel electrodes, the negative electrodes were all iron electrodes, and the electrolytes were all potassium hydroxide solutions. After formation, the assembled AA iron-nickel cylindrical batteries were charged at 1C for 72 minutes and discharged at 1C to 1.0V in cycles. The cyclic water loss is shown in Table 1. Example 3

[0023] First, lanthanum oxide and carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution are prepared into slurry, and then the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate is wet-sized by a roller press, and the loading amount per unit area is 150g / m 2, and then dried at 60°C to obtain a low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery three-dimensional porous diaphragm. The diaphragm filled with hydrophilic lanthanide rare earth oxide prepared in this embodiment is assembled into a square iron-nickel battery, in which the positive electrode is a nickel electrode; the negative electrode is an iron electrode, and the electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution. After the assembled square iron-nickel battery is formed, it is charged to 100% with I3, and then discharged to 1.0V with I3 for cycle testing. For the cycle life diagram, see Figure 1 . Example 4

[0024] First, lanthanum oxide, hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst and carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution are prepared into slurry, and then the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate is wet-sized by a roller press, and the loading amount per unit area is 150g / m 2 , and then dried at 60°C to obtain a low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery three-dimensional porous diaphragm. The diaphragm filled with hydrophilic lanthanide rare earth oxide and hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst prepared in this embodiment is assembled into a square iron-nickel battery, in which the positive electrode is a nickel electrode; the negative electrode is an iron electrode, and the electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution. After the assembled square iron-nickel battery is formed, it is charged to 100% with I3, and then discharged to 1.0V with I3 for cycle testing. For the cycle life diagram, see Figure 1 .

[0025] Comparative Example 2 A square iron-nickel battery was assembled using a conventional polypropylene alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous diaphragm, wherein the positive electrode was a nickel electrode, the negative electrode was an iron electrode, and the electrolyte was a potassium hydroxide solution. After the assembled square iron-nickel battery was formed, it was charged to 100% with I3, and then discharged to 1.0V with I3. The cycle life diagram is shown in Figure 1 .

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the cycle life test curve of square iron-nickel batteries assembled with different three-dimensional porous membranes (I3 is charged to 100%, and then I3 is discharged to 1.0V). The capacity of the square iron-nickel battery in the control group using conventional polypropylene alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane decays rapidly; the test group using polypropylene three-dimensional porous membrane filled with hydrophilic lanthanide rare earth oxides alleviates the problem of plate oxidation, and the capacity is significantly improved; the test group using polypropylene three-dimensional porous membrane filled with hydrophilic rare earth oxides and hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst complexes further solves the problem of electrolyte water loss, and the cycle performance is the best.

[0027] Table 1

[0028] As shown in Table 1, each group of AA cylindrical iron-nickel batteries was subjected to 100 1-hour rate charge and discharge cycle tests. It can be seen from Table 1 that the water loss ratio of the test group using the polypropylene three-dimensional porous diaphragm filled with hydrophilic rare earth oxides and a hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst complex was significantly lower than that of the hydrophilic three-dimensional porous diaphragm test group filled only with hydrophilic rare earth oxides, while the battery with the conventional alkali-resistant three-dimensional porous membrane leaked during charging and could not be sealed.

[0029] The above embodiments describe the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for illustrating the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the scope of the principles of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator, characterized in that: The diaphragm is a three-dimensional porous membrane formed by filling a hydrophilic rare earth oxide slurry with an alkali-resistant three-dimensional porous membrane substrate with a thickness of ≥0.1mm. The pore size of the diaphragm is 2-200μm and the thickness is between 0.06-3mm.

2. A low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator, characterized in that: The diaphragm comprises an alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate with a thickness of ≥0.1 mm and a three-dimensional porous membrane formed by a slurry of a hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst and a hydrophilic rare earth oxide in sequence filling the alkali-resistant three-dimensional porous membrane substrate, the pore size of the diaphragm is 2-200 μm, and the thickness is between 0.06-3 mm; or the diaphragm comprises an alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate with a thickness of ≥0.1 mm and a three-dimensional porous membrane formed by a slurry complex of a hydrophilic rare earth oxide and a hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst filled on the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate after uniform mixing, the pore size of the diaphragm is 2-200 μm, and the thickness is between 0.06-3 mm.

3. The low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate is one or more of a polypropylene diaphragm, a polyethylene diaphragm or vinylon, and the surface density of the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate is 40-200 g / m 2 The pore size is 5~400μm and the thickness is between 0.06~3mm.

4. The low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The rare earth element in the hydrophilic rare earth oxide is one or more of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium or yttrium.

5. The low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst is a noble metal catalyst and a non-noble metal catalyst, wherein the noble metal catalyst is one or more of a platinum-carbon catalyst, a platinum-based alloy catalyst, a palladium-carbon catalyst or a palladium-carbon alloy catalyst, and the non-noble metal catalyst is at least one of nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, molybdenum or tungsten, or an alloy composed of at least two of them.

6. A method for preparing a low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific steps are as follows: firstly, the hydrophilic rare earth oxide and colloid are mixed into a slurry, and then the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous diaphragm substrate is wet-sizing by a roller press or a doctor blade, and the amount of material per unit area is 20~300g / m 2 , and then dried at 50-70°C to obtain a three-dimensional porous membrane for a long-life, high-performance, low self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery.

7. A method for preparing a low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that The specific steps are as follows: firstly, the hydrophilic rare earth oxide, the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst and the colloid are prepared into a slurry composite, and then the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate is wet-sized by a roller press or a doctor blade, and the loading amount per unit area is 20-300 g / m 2 , and then dried at 50-70°C to obtain a three-dimensional porous membrane for aqueous alkaline secondary batteries with long life, high performance and low self-discharge; Alternatively, the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst and the colloid are first mixed into a slurry, and then the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst slurry is sprayed or squeezed into the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate through a spraying device, a roller press or a slurry scraper. Then, the hydrophilic rare earth oxide and the colloid are mixed into a slurry, and the alkali-resistant hydrophilic three-dimensional porous membrane substrate filled with the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst is wet-sized through a roller press or a slurry scraper. The amount of material per unit area is 20~300g / m 2 , and then dried at 50-70°C to obtain a three-dimensional porous membrane for a long-life, high-performance, low self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery.

8. The method for preparing a low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The colloid is an aqueous solution containing one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate or polytetrafluoroethylene.

9. Use of the low-cost, long-life, high-performance, low-self-discharge aqueous alkaline secondary battery separator according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in aqueous alkaline secondary batteries, wherein the aqueous alkaline secondary batteries include liquid-poor aqueous alkaline secondary batteries and liquid-rich aqueous alkaline secondary batteries.

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