Dam material transportation structure and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of dam foundation building, and discloses a dam material transportation structure and method.The dam material transportation structure comprises a continuous stepped dam material transportation channel formed by connecting a plurality of galleries and multiple stages of vertical shafts; the multiple galleries are sequentially arranged at different elevations of the dam body in a descending mode from the dam top to the dam bottom, and the multiple galleries are used as horizontal transportation channels of dam materials. The multiple stages of vertical shafts are used for communicating the multiple galleries, the top end and the bottom end of each stage of vertical shaft are connected with the output ends and the input ends of the two galleries of the adjacent elevation respectively, and the multiple stages of vertical shafts are used as vertical transportation channels of dam materials; the total height of the multi-stage vertical shafts is matched with the height of the dam body. The multiple stages of vertical shafts in the vertical direction and the multiple galleries in the horizontal direction are arranged in a combined mode, the discharging holes are formed in the vertical shafts and the galleries respectively, and the discharging holes and the belt conveyor form a continuous conveying channel, so that efficient conveying of dam materials is achieved, manpower and mechanical expenditure in engineering is saved, and the dam material conveying efficiency is improved; and the potential safety problem in the dam material transportation process is also eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a dam material transportation structure and method, belonging to the technical field of dam foundation construction. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of design and construction technology, newly built hydropower stations have been significantly improved in terms of installed capacity, dam fill volume, and fill elevation.

[0003] Traditionally, the transportation of dam filling materials is mostly done by road transportation. However, due to the characteristics of the newly built hydropower station dam, such as large filling volume, high filling strength, complex terrain conditions, long distance between the material yard and the dam, and large difference between the elevation of the material yard and the dam, the traditional road transportation method has low transportation efficiency, which not only cannot meet the requirements of the construction progress, but also has many potential safety hazards. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dam material transportation structure and method to solve the technical problem of low transportation efficiency in the existing road transportation method. To achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a dam material transportation structure and method, the specific scheme is as follows: A dam material transportation structure comprises a continuous stepped dam material transportation channel connected by a plurality of corridors and a plurality of vertical shafts; The multiple corridors are arranged at different elevations of the dam body in descending order from the dam top to the dam bottom, and the multiple corridors are used as horizontal transportation channels for dam materials; The multi-level vertical shaft is used to connect the multiple corridors, and the top and bottom of each level of the vertical shaft are respectively connected to the output end and the input end of two corridors at adjacent elevations. The multi-level vertical shaft is used as a vertical transportation channel for dam materials; The total height of the multi-level vertical shaft matches the height of the dam body. Preferably, a conveying device is provided in each of the corridors; The conveying device is arranged along the extension direction of the corridor and is used for conveying the dam material.

[0005] Preferably, each level of the vertical shaft comprises, from top to bottom, a top inlet section, a gradient section and a bottom outlet section; The cross-sectional area of ​​the top inlet section is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom outlet section; The length of the top inlet section is greater than the length of the bottom outlet section.

[0006] Preferably, a closing plate is provided at the bottom end of each level of the vertical shaft; The closing plate is provided with a feeding hole.

[0007] Preferably, a through hole is provided on the top of the corridor; The through hole is located at the input end of the corridor and is communicated with the feed hole.

[0008] Preferably, it also includes a multi-level working platform; Each level of the working platform is arranged at the connection between the top of each level of the vertical shaft and the corresponding gallery, and the working platform is used for gallery unloading or vertical shaft unloading.

[0009] Preferably, each level of the working platform is also connected to a first transport channel; The setting elevation of the first transport channel corresponds to each level of the working platform, and is used for unloading or discharging materials in cooperation with the working platform.

[0010] Preferably, the conveying device is a plurality of belt conveyors.

[0011] Preferably, the cross section of the corridor is in the shape of a straight wall vault; The inner walls of the corridor and the shaft are both supported by reinforced concrete.

[0012] A dam material transportation method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Loading the dam material: placing the dam material at the starting position of the gallery or shaft; Step 2: transporting dam materials. The dam materials are continuously transported in multiple corridors and multiple vertical shafts until they reach a preset location.

[0013] Beneficial effects: The present invention adopts a joint arrangement of multiple vertical shafts and multiple horizontal corridors, and a material discharge hole and a belt conveyor are arranged in the shaft and the corridor respectively. Through the form of "shaft-corridor" joint transportation, efficient transportation of dam materials is achieved. Compared with the traditional dam material transportation method, the present invention not only saves manpower and machinery expenses in the project, but also improves the efficiency of dam material transportation and eliminates potential safety problems in the dam material transportation process. It effectively solves the dam construction problem of "high material and low transportation" of dam materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a longitudinal section schematic diagram of the corridor-shaft joint arrangement in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a gradual change section of a vertical shaft in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the feeding hole at the bottom of the shaft in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a corridor cross section in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the bottom end of the shaft and the corridor in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the corridor output end and the top of the shaft in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the belt conveyor arrangement in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: 1. Vertical shaft; 2. Corridor; 3. Belt conveyor; 4. Working platform; 5. Ground line; 6. Unloading hole; 7. Closing plate; 8. Unloading cloth bag 9. Filling channel; 10. Receiving silo; 11. Unloading platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described here are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention provide a dam material transportation structure and method. Example

[0018] like Figure 1-6 As shown in the figure, the dam material transportation structure specifically includes: A continuous stepped dam material transportation channel connected by multiple corridors 2 and multi-level shafts 1; multiple corridors 2 are arranged at different elevations of the dam body and descend in sequence from the dam top to the dam bottom, and multiple corridors 2 are used as horizontal transportation channels for dam materials; multi-level shafts 1 are used to connect multiple corridors 2, and the top and bottom ends of each level of the shaft 1 are respectively connected to the output and input ends of two corridors 2 at adjacent elevations, and the multi-level shafts 1 are used as vertical transportation channels for dam materials; the total height of the multi-level shafts 1 matches the height of the dam body.

[0019] In the embodiment of the present invention, according to the actual project, five vertical shafts 1 and six horizontal corridors 2 are selected to form the dam material transportation channel of the present invention. Specifically, in this embodiment, the dam material is transported from the receiving yard at the top of the dam body to the bottom of the dam. Figure 1 As shown, there are five levels of vertical shaft 1 from the top of the dam to the bottom of the dam, which are recorded as level 1 vertical shaft 1, level 2 vertical shaft 1, level 3 vertical shaft 1, level 4 vertical shaft 1 and level 5 vertical shaft 1. The average height of the multiple levels of vertical shaft 1 is about 46m. The elevation of each level of vertical shaft 1, that is, the setting elevation of corridor 2, is determined comprehensively according to the filling elevation of the dam body partition and the actual geological conditions. The corridor 2 is arranged horizontally in six horizontal lines from the top of the dam to the bottom of the dam, and the average length of the multiple corridors 2 is 103.83m; specifically, the corridor 2 in this embodiment has a slope, and the average slope of the multiple corridors 2 is 3%; wherein the total height of the multiple levels of vertical shaft 1 matches the filling height of the dam body. Those skilled in the art can adjust the number and height of the vertical shaft 1, as well as the number, length and slope of the corridor 2, etc. according to the actual filling height and filling position of the project.

[0020] In this embodiment, a conveying device is provided in each corridor 2; the conveying device is provided along the extension direction of the corridor 2 and is used to convey the dam material. Among them, those skilled in the art can select a mobile vehicle, a conveyor belt, etc. as the conveying device according to the actual project; for the convenience of transmission, the conveying device in this embodiment uses a belt conveyor 3; to ensure continuous and smooth transmission operations, multiple parallel belt conveyors 3 are provided in each corridor 2, and specifically, three belt conveyors 3 are provided in each corridor 2 in this embodiment.

[0021] Each level of the shaft 1 of the present invention comprises a top inlet section, a gradient section and a bottom outlet section from top to bottom; the cross-sectional area of ​​the top inlet section is smaller than that of the bottom outlet section; the length of the top inlet section is greater than that of the bottom outlet section.

[0022] Specifically, each level of the vertical shaft 1 is connected to the next level of the vertical shaft 1 through a corridor 2. Each level of the vertical shaft 1 includes a top inlet section, a gradient section and a bottom outlet section from top to bottom. One end of the top inlet section is connected to the corridor 2, and the other end is connected to one end of the gradient section. The other end of the gradient section is connected to one end of the bottom outlet section, and the other end of the bottom outlet section is connected to the corridor 2 of the next level.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the bottom outlet section, the gradient section and part of the top inlet section of the shaft 1 in this embodiment, wherein the excavation diameter of the top inlet section of the shaft 1 is 7.2m, the excavation diameter of the bottom outlet section of the shaft 1 is 11.1m, and the angle between the gradient section and the bottom outlet section or the top inlet section is 60°. In this embodiment, the gradient section is close to the bottom end of the shaft 1. Specifically, the excavation diameter of the gradient section changes to 11.1m from 0.25m from the bottom end of the shaft 1. The inner wall of each level of the shaft 1 is supported by reinforced concrete lining. Those skilled in the art can adjust the excavation diameter, gradient angle, etc. of the shaft 1 according to the actual project.

[0024] The bottom end of each level of the vertical shaft 1 of the present invention is provided with a closing plate 7; the closing plate 7 is provided with a material discharge hole 6. The material discharge hole 6 is connected with a material discharge cloth bag 8.

[0025] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, a horizontal concrete slab is provided at the bottom of the shaft 1 as a closing slab 7, the thickness of the concrete slab is 1m, and a feed hole 6 is provided on the concrete slab. Specifically, in this embodiment, six feed holes 6 arranged in a 2×3 array are provided to match the three belt conveyors 3. The size of each feed hole 6 is: 1.3m×1.3m, and the hole margin is 1.5m.

[0026] The present invention provides a closing plate 7 at the bottom of the shaft 1, a material discharge hole 6 is provided on the closing plate 7, and a material discharge cloth bag 8 is connected to the material discharge hole 6. Figure 5As shown. The dam material in the shaft 1 slowly falls into the gallery 2 connected to the bottom of the shaft 1 through the material discharge hole 6, so as to avoid the dam material falling quickly and accumulating and blocking the bottom of the shaft 1 and the input end of the gallery 2, which makes it impossible to transport smoothly. At the same time, it can avoid the material source from being scattered during the material discharge process.

[0027] A through hole is provided at the top of the corridor 2 in the present invention; the through hole is located at the input end of the corridor 2 and is connected to the feed hole 6 .

[0028] Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, in the present invention, in order to ensure the continuous stepped dam material transportation channel formed by connecting multiple corridors 2 and multiple vertical shafts 1, a through hole is opened on the top of the corridor 2, the through hole is located at the input end of the corridor 2, and is connected to the material discharge hole 6. The starting point of each corridor 2, i.e., the input end, is the bottom end of the vertical shaft 1 of the previous level, and the end point, i.e., the output end, is the top end of the vertical shaft 1 of this level.

[0029] The cross section of the corridor 2 of the present invention is a straight wall vault shape; the inner walls of the corridor 2 and the shaft 1 are both supported by reinforced concrete.

[0030] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown, the excavation section of the corridor 2 is a straight wall vault shape, and the excavation size is: width × height = 9.30m × 8.00m, of which the straight wall part is 5m high and the vault is 3m high. The net section size of the corridor 2 after support is: width × height = 8.9m × 7.8m; wherein, reinforced concrete support can be used in the corridor 2. In this embodiment, system anchor support is used, and steel support combined with reinforced concrete mesh spraying is used in the tunnel section with poor geology.

[0031] The present invention further comprises a multi-level working platform 4 ; each level of the working platform 4 is arranged at the connection between the top of each level of the shaft 1 and the corresponding gallery 2 , and the working platform 4 is used for unloading the gallery 2 or unloading the shaft 1 .

[0032] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment includes five-level working platforms 4 excavated along the ground line 5, and each level of the platform is located at the connection between the top of each level of the shaft 1 and the output end of the corresponding gallery 2. It should be understood that the output end of the gallery 2 at the bottom of the dam can also be provided with a working platform 4. Figure 6 As shown, the working platform 4 is used to unload the dam material output from the corridor 2 when the dam material is transported to the corresponding elevation, and can also be used to put the dam material at the elevation into the top of the corresponding shaft 1 through the working platform 4, so that the dam material can be transported to the next level of elevation through the shaft 1. At the same time, the working platform 4 also has a material storage function to avoid material accumulation during transportation. Among them, the top elevation of the shaft 1 is slightly higher than the working platform 4 or flush with the working platform 4.

[0033] Preferably, each level of the working platform 4 is also connected to a first transport channel; the setting elevation of the first transport channel corresponds to each level of the working platform 4, and is used to cooperate with the working platform 4 to unload or discharge materials.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, in order to facilitate the unloading of materials in the gallery 2 or the unloading of materials in the shaft 1, a first transportation channel is further provided on the working platform 4, and the first transportation channel is used to assist in the unloading or unloading of materials.

[0035] Embodiment 2: A dam material transportation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, dam material loading, placing the dam material at the starting position of the corridor 2 or the shaft 1; Step 2, dam material transportation, the dam material is continuously transported in multiple corridors 2 and multiple shafts 1 until a preset position.

[0036] In order to illustrate the transportation method of the dam material transportation structure of the present invention, the following embodiments are taken as examples for specific description.

[0037] In this embodiment, taking the dam elevation of 2744m~3001.5m as an example, the dam is divided into five layers of filling. The first layer has an elevation of 2754m, and the controlled filling elevation range is 2754~2830m; the second layer has an elevation of 2830m, and the controlled filling elevation range is 2830~2880m; the third layer has an elevation of 2880m, and the controlled filling elevation range is 2880~2930m; the fourth layer has an elevation of 2930m, and the controlled filling elevation range is 2930~2980m; the fifth layer has an elevation of 2980m, and the controlled filling elevation range is 2980~3001.5m.

[0038] Three belt conveyors 3 are arranged in each corridor 2, such as Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, a total of 33 belt conveyors 3 are arranged, and two belt conveyors 3 and a spare belt conveyor 3 are arranged in each corridor 2. The belt conveyors 3 from the top of the dam to the bottom of the dam in the six corridors 2 are numbered 1 to 12; the spare belt conveyors 3 from the top of the dam to the bottom of the dam are numbered 23 to 28. And each working platform 4 is also provided with two belt conveyors 3 and a spare belt conveyor 3 connected to the dam body filling channel 9. Specifically, in this embodiment, no belt conveyor 3 is arranged on the working platform 4 at the top of the first-level shaft 1. That is, including the working platform 4 at the bottom of the dam, a total of five working platforms 4 are arranged with belt conveyors 3. The belt conveyors 3 from the bottom of the dam to the top of the dam on the five working platforms 4 are numbered 13 to 22, and the spare belt conveyors 3 from the bottom of the dam to the top of the dam are numbered 23 to 33, and also include the No. 29 belt conveyor 3 connected to the working platform 4 at the bottom of the dam. Specifically, the arrangement list of belt conveyors 3 is shown in Table 1.

[0039]

[0040] Subsequently, the dam is filled according to the arrangement of the belt conveyor 3. The following is a detailed description of the operation process of filling the dam in five layers according to the belt conveyor 3.

[0041] Step 1: Fill the first layer. The first layer filling elevation is 2754m, and the controlled filling elevation range is 2754~2830m; The dam material transportation route is as follows: the dam material is transported from the receiving bin 10 at 3088m connected to the unloading platform 11 to the elevation of 2754m through six corridors 2 and five-level shafts 1. During the first layer filling process, belt conveyors 3 No. 1 to 14 are in operation, and the remaining belt conveyors 3 are temporarily not in operation; the dam material is transported from the elevation of 3088m to the elevation of 2754m.

[0042] The filling process of the dam body: The filling below 2754m is carried out by temporary roads in the dam area. The filling between the elevation of 2754 and 2830m is carried out by temporary roads in the dam filling area and the zigzag road behind the dam until the dam body is filled to an elevation of 2830m.

[0043] Step 2: Fill the second layer. The second layer filling elevation is 2830m, and the controlled filling elevation range is 2830~2880m; Dam material transportation route: The dam material is transported from the receiving bin 10 at 3088m, which is connected to the unloading platform 11, to the elevation of 2830m through five corridors 2 and four-level vertical shafts 1. A total of 12 belt conveyors 3 (namely No. 1 to No. 10, No. 15, and No. 16) are used for the transportation channel from the receiving yard to the second-level filling area of ​​the dam. Belt conveyors 3 No. 11 to No. 14 have been stopped at this time.

[0044] Dam filling process: Between the elevations of 2830.00m and 2880.00m, temporary roads in the dam filling area and the zigzag road behind the dam are used for filling until the dam is filled to an elevation of 2880m and connected to the dam filling channel 9 at the elevation of 2880m.

[0045] Step 3: Fill the third layer. The third layer filling elevation is 2880m, and the controlled filling elevation range is 2880~2930m; Dam material transportation route: The dam filling uses 10 conveyors 3 (i.e. No. 1 to No. 8, No. 17, and No. 18) from the receiving bin 10 to the third-layer filling area. Belt conveyors 3 from No. 9 to No. 16 have been stopped at this time. The dam material elevation is lowered from 3088.00m to 2880.00m.

[0046] Dam filling route: Between the elevations of 2880.00m and 2930.00m, the temporary road in the dam filling area and the zigzag road behind the dam are used for filling until the dam is filled to an elevation of 2930.00m and connected to the dam filling channel 9 at an elevation of 2930.00m. Step 4: Fill the fourth layer, the fourth layer filling elevation is 2930m, and the control filling elevation range is 2930~2980m; Dam material transportation route: The dam filling uses a total of 8 belt conveyors 3 (i.e. No. 1 to No. 6, No. 19, No. 20) from the receiving bin 10 to the fourth-layer filling area. The No. 7 to No. 18 belt conveyors 3 have been stopped at this time. The elevation has dropped from 3088.00m to 2930.00m.

[0047] Dam filling route: Between the elevations of 2930.00m and 2980.00m, the temporary road in the dam filling area and the zigzag road behind the dam are used for filling until the dam is filled to an elevation of 2980.00m and connected to the dam filling channel 9 at the elevation of 2980.00m.

[0048] Step 5: Fill the fifth layer. The fifth layer filling elevation is 2980m, and the controlled filling elevation range is 2980~3001.5m; Dam material transportation route: The dam filling uses a total of 6 belt conveyors 3 (i.e. No. 1 to No. 4, No. 21, No. 22) from the receiving bin 10 to the fifth layer filling area. The No. 5 to No. 20 belt conveyors 3 have been stopped at this time. The elevation is reduced from 3088.00m to 2980.00m.

[0049] Dam filling route: Between the elevations of 2980.00m and 3001.50m, temporary roads in the dam filling area and the zigzag road behind the dam are used for filling until the dam is filled to an elevation of 3001.50m and connected to the dam filling channel 9 at an elevation of 3001.50m.

[0050] At this point, the dam body is completed. It should be noted that during the transportation of dam materials, before the first feeding of shaft 1, sand and gravel with a particle size of less than 150mm are laid at the bottom of the shaft, and the thickness of the material layer is less than 10m, which is greater than or equal to 8% of the depth of shaft 1, as a buffer layer to reduce the impact of the incoming dam materials on the bottom structure of the shaft.

[0051] According to the design diameter of shaft 1 and the requirements of rock wall support, the size of dam material should generally not exceed 1.0m. During the feeding process, the bottom discharge equipment should be operated once every time the accumulated material in the shaft rises 20m to 30m to ensure that the material in the shaft is in a loose state. This cycle should be repeated until shaft 1 is full, and then shaft 1 can operate normally.

[0052] Shaft 1 is operated with a full shaft to reduce the wear of the stone on the shaft wall and the impact of the high drop on the shaft wall. It is strictly forbidden to empty the stone in Shaft 1. The dam material must be replenished when it drops about 15m from the wellhead to ensure full shaft operation. During the feeding process of Shaft 1, try to avoid long-term feeding at the same location, and change the feeding point regularly to reduce the concentration of aggregates and reduce the probability of well blockage.

[0053] The present invention adopts a joint arrangement of a multi-level shaft 1 in the vertical direction and a plurality of corridors 2 in the horizontal direction, and a material discharge hole 6 and a belt conveyor 3 are arranged in the shaft 1 and the corridor 2 respectively, and the efficient transportation of dam materials is realized through the form of "shaft 1-corridor 2" joint transportation. Compared with the traditional dam material transportation method, the present invention not only saves manpower and machinery expenses in the project, but also improves the efficiency of dam material transportation and eliminates potential safety problems in the dam material transportation process. It effectively solves the dam construction problem of "high material and low transportation" of dam materials.

[0054] The above are only several embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention is disclosed as above in the form of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with the profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, using the above disclosed technical content to make slight changes or modifications are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A dam material transportation structure, characterized in that: It includes a continuous stepped dam material transportation channel connected by multiple corridors and multiple vertical shafts; The multiple corridors are arranged at different elevations of the dam body in descending order from the dam top to the dam bottom, and the multiple corridors are used as horizontal transportation channels for dam materials; The multi-level vertical shaft is used to connect the multiple corridors, and the top and bottom of each level of the vertical shaft are respectively connected to the output end and the input end of two corridors at adjacent elevations. The multi-level vertical shaft is used as a vertical transportation channel for dam materials; The total height of the multi-level vertical shaft matches the height of the dam body.

2. The dam material transport structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conveying device is provided in each of the corridors; The conveying device is arranged along the extension direction of the corridor and is used for conveying the dam material.

3. The dam material transportation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each level of the vertical shaft includes a top inlet section, a gradient section and a bottom outlet section from top to bottom; The cross-sectional area of ​​the top inlet section is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom outlet section; The length of the top inlet section is greater than the length of the bottom outlet section.

4. The dam material transport structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A closing plate is provided at the bottom end of each level of the shaft; The closing plate is provided with a feeding hole.

5. The dam material transport structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A through hole is provided on the top of the corridor; The through hole is located at the input end of the corridor and is communicated with the feed hole.

6. The dam material transport structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a multi-level work platform; Each level of the working platform is arranged at the connection between the top of each level of the vertical shaft and the corresponding gallery, and the working platform is used for gallery unloading or vertical shaft unloading.

7. The dam material transport structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each level of the working platform is also connected to a first transport channel; The setting elevation of the first transport channel corresponds to each level of the working platform, and is used for unloading or discharging materials in cooperation with the working platform.

8. The dam material transport structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conveying device is a plurality of belt conveyors.

9. The dam material transport structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the corridor is in the shape of a straight wall vault; The inner walls of the corridor and the shaft are both supported by reinforced concrete.

10. A dam material transportation method based on the dam material transportation structure according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Loading the dam material: placing the dam material at the starting position of the gallery or shaft; Step 2: transporting dam materials. The dam materials are continuously transported in multiple corridors and multiple vertical shafts until they reach a preset location.

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