Supporting device suitable for excavation of broken surrounding rock tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a supporting device suitable for broken surrounding rock tunnel excavation in the technical field of tunnel construction.The supporting device comprises a fixed frame, a lifting supporting column and a supporting mechanism, a buffering mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the lifting supporting column, and the lifting supporting column is elastically connected with a fixed base on the ground through the buffering mechanism; a protection platform is arranged on the top face of the fixing frame, the supporting mechanism comprises a plurality of arched keels arranged at intervals in the length direction of the fixing frame, an arched top plate is arranged on the outer sides of the arched keels, and a plurality of elastic supporting blocks are evenly distributed on the side, away from the arched keels, of the arched top plate. By arranging the buffering mechanism and the elastic supporting block, in the jacking process of the lifting supporting column, the elastic supporting block makes elastic contact with the surface of a tunnel, the surface of a rock mass can be slowly pressed, meanwhile, in the jacking process, the buffering mechanism at the bottom of the lifting supporting column can prevent the rock mass from being damaged and sliding due to too large lifting force, and the supporting effect is improved. And the stability and the safety of supporting the broken surrounding rock are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a supporting device suitable for excavating a broken surrounding rock tunnel. Background Art

[0002] During the tunnel excavation construction process, in order to maintain the safety of the work during the excavation process, it is usually necessary to use support tools to protect the tunnel to avoid the possibility of falling and hitting the tunnel during the excavation of the tunnel. The existing support frame is usually a steel frame structure, which is formed by arranging and welding a number of steel pipes and laying a protective net on the top. This type of protective structure can play a certain protective effect, but in the excavation of broken rock tunnels, the surrounding rock is prone to plastic deformation under the action of engineering forces, and the stability of the cavern is poor after excavation. The stress in the rock mass is very likely to cause the destruction and slippage of the rock mass, resulting in the poor overall protection effect of the commonly used tunnel support structure for broken rock tunnels, and cannot effectively guarantee the stability and safety of the overall structure of the tunnel. At present, there are also some support devices with higher structural strength. For example, the Chinese patent document with publication number CN118065945A discloses a karst tunnel support structure, which uses a lifting mechanism to lift the support mechanism, and uses the fixing pins and support plates on the support mechanism to fix and support the top of the tunnel. The disadvantage of this type of support structure is that when faced with broken surrounding rock, the support mechanism is prone to cause secondary damage to the tunnel top during the ascent, causing risks such as rock mass damage and slippage. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the existing tunnel support structure, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a support device suitable for excavation of a broken surrounding rock tunnel having a buffering effect during the jacking process.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] A support device suitable for excavating a broken rock tunnel comprises a fixed frame and lifting pillars located below the fixed frame, and a support mechanism arranged on the top of the fixed frame, wherein a buffer mechanism is provided at the bottom of the lifting pillar, and the lifting pillar is elastically connected to a fixed base on the ground through the buffer mechanism, and a protective platform is provided on the top surface of the fixed frame, and the support mechanism comprises a plurality of arched keels arranged at intervals along the length direction of the fixed frame, an arched top plate is provided on the outer side of the arched keel, and a plurality of elastic support blocks are evenly distributed on the side of the arched top plate away from the arched keel.

[0006] Furthermore, the buffer mechanism includes a protective shell, a connecting top column and a buffer main spring. The top of the protective shell is provided with a through hole, and the bottom is fixed on a fixed base. The lower end of the buffer main spring is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the protective shell, the upper end of the connecting top column is connected to the lower end of the lifting pillar, and the lower end of the connecting top column passes through the through hole and is connected to the upper end of the buffer main spring.

[0007] Furthermore, a support plate is provided at one end of the connecting top column located in the protective shell, and a plurality of buffer sub-springs are provided in a peripheral annular array of the buffer main spring, and the upper ends of the buffer main spring and the buffer sub-spring are connected to the support plate.

[0008] Furthermore, a plurality of inclined grooves are provided on the side wall of one end of the connecting top column located in the protective shell, the inclined grooves extend along the length direction of the connecting top column, and the depth becomes deeper as they are farther away from the support plate, a limiting plate is provided on the inner side of the top of the protective shell, a guide hole is provided on the position of the limiting plate corresponding to the inclined groove, an inclined top column is slidably arranged in the guide hole, one end of the inclined top column is connected to the inner wall of the protective shell through a reset spring, and the other end is provided with an inclined surface, and under the action of the elastic force of the reset spring, the inclined surface abuts against the bottom of the inclined groove through the inclined surface.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic support block includes a bottom plate and a circular top plate, a plurality of spring columns are arranged in a circular array around the bottom of the circular top plate, the lower ends of the spring columns are connected to the bottom plate, and a plurality of first anti-slip columns are arranged on the top surface of the circular top plate.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of arc-shaped top plates are arranged in a circular array around the top surface of the circular top plate, the first anti-slip column is located in the middle area of ​​the circular top plate, the arc-shaped top plates are connected to each other through a plurality of connecting springs, and a plurality of second anti-slip columns are provided on the top surface of the arc-shaped top plate.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a connecting beam, which is arranged on the outside of the arched keel along the length direction of the fixed frame, and a plurality of connecting beams are evenly spaced along the length direction of the arched keel, and the arched top plate is arranged on the connecting beam.

[0012] Furthermore, a slot is provided on the inner side of the arched top plate, which can be slidably engaged on the connecting cross beam, and the arched top plate can be fixed to the connecting cross beam by bolts passing through the slot.

[0013] Furthermore, connecting beams are provided on both sides of the fixed frame, side protection plates are hung on the connecting beams, and the bottom side surfaces of the side protection plates are arranged against the side surfaces of the buffer mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the lifting support is a hydraulic rod or an electric push rod.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by arranging a buffer mechanism between the bottom of the lifting pillar and the fixed base, and arranging an elastic support block on the arched top plate, during the process of the lifting pillar lifting the support mechanism, the elastic support block elastically contacts the tunnel surface, and can slowly press the rock surface to prevent the rock from being damaged by impact. At the same time, during the lifting process, the buffer mechanism at the bottom of the lifting pillar can prevent the rock from being damaged and slipped due to excessive lifting force, thereby improving the stability and safety of the support for broken surrounding rocks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer mechanism of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic supporting block of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of assembling the arched top plate and the connecting cross beam of the present invention.

[0020] Marked in the figure, 1-protection platform, 2-connecting beam, 3-fixed frame, 4-lifting pillar, 5-buffer mechanism, 6-fixed base, 7-fixed rib, 8-connecting beam, 9-arched top plate, 10-side protection plate, 11-elastic support block, 12-arched keel, 501-connecting top column, 502-protection shell, 503-inclined groove, 504-inclined top column, 505-reset spring, 506-support plate, 507-buffer main spring, 508-buffer secondary spring, 509-limiting plate, 510-through hole, 511-guide hole, 901-slot, 902-bolt, 1101-first anti-skid column, 1102-spring column, 1103-bottom plate, 1104-protection spring, 1105-second anti-skid column, 1106-arc top plate, 1107-connecting spring, 1108-circular top plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] It should be noted that if there are directional indication terms in the present invention, such as up, down, left, right, front, and back directions and orientation terms, they are for the purpose of facilitating the description of the relative position relationship between components, and are not specific to the absolute position of the related components or the position relationship between components. They are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement of the components in a certain posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly. If there are terms related to quantity in the present invention, such as "multiple", "multiple", "several", etc., they specifically refer to two or more.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a supporting device suitable for excavation of a broken surrounding rock tunnel provided by the present invention comprises a fixed frame 3 and a lifting pillar 4 located below the fixed frame 3, and a supporting mechanism arranged on the top of the fixed frame 3, a buffer mechanism 5 is provided at the bottom of the lifting pillar 4, and the lifting pillar 4 is elastically connected to a fixed base 6 on the ground through the buffer mechanism 5, a protective platform 1 is provided on the top surface of the fixed frame 3, and the supporting mechanism comprises a plurality of arched keels 12 arranged at intervals along the length direction of the fixed frame 3, an arched top plate 9 is provided on the outer side of the arched keel 12, and a plurality of elastic supporting blocks 11 are evenly distributed on the side of the arched top plate 9 away from the arched keel 12.

[0024] The support device of the present invention supports while digging according to the tunnel excavation situation. A support device is set up every time a tunnel is excavated. The specific length is determined according to the on-site conditions. The support devices of adjacent sections are connected or abutted together. Specifically, during the erection, firstly, a fixed base 6 is set on both sides of the tunnel ground. The fixed base 6 can be made of reinforced concrete structure, and fixed ribs 7 are set thereunder, and the fixed ribs 7 are driven into the ground to ensure the stability of the fixed base 6; then a buffer mechanism 5 is set on the fixed base 6, and a lifting pillar 4 is set on the buffer mechanism 5, wherein the buffer mechanism 5 can be made of elastic structural parts such as springs, springs or rubber sleeves, and the lifting pillar 4 can be made of hydraulic rods or electric push rods; then a fixed frame 3 is erected on the top of the lifting pillar 4, and a supporting mechanism is installed on the fixed frame 3, wherein the curvature of the arched keel 12 and the arched top plate 9 is adapted to the curvature of the tunnel top, and the elastic supporting block 11 can also be made of elastic structural parts such as springs, springs or rubber sleeves; finally, the fixed frame 3 is lifted by the lifting pillar 4 until the elastic supporting block 11 contacts the tunnel top and the buffer mechanism 5 is obviously compressed.

[0025] The present invention sets a buffer mechanism 5 between the bottom of the lifting pillar 4 and the fixed base 6, and sets an elastic support block 11 on the arched top plate 9. In the process of lifting the support mechanism by the lifting pillar 4, the elastic support block 11 elastically contacts the tunnel surface, which can slowly press the rock surface, increase the stability of the plastic surrounding rock, and avoid impact damage to the rock. At the same time, after the elastic support block 11 is compressed to the limit, the buffer mechanism 5 at the bottom of the lifting pillar 4 can avoid the destruction and slippage of the rock due to the continued lifting of the lifting pillar 4, thereby improving the stability and safety of the support for the broken surrounding rock.

[0026] Specifically for the buffer mechanism 5, the present invention provides a preferred solution, such as Figure 2As shown, the buffer mechanism 5 includes a protective shell 502, a connecting top column 501 and a buffer main spring 507. The top of the protective shell 502 is provided with a through hole 510, and the bottom is fixed on the fixed base 6. The lower end of the buffer main spring 507 is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the protective shell 502. The upper end of the connecting top column 501 is connected to the lower end of the lifting support 4. The lower end of the connecting top column 501 passes through the through hole 510 and is connected to the upper end of the buffer main spring 507. Among them, the protective shell 502 is used to protect the internal buffer main spring 507 to prevent sand and stones from affecting the expansion and contraction of the buffer main spring 507. The through hole 510 is used to guide the connecting top column 501. The buffer main spring 507 is used to elastically support the connecting top column 501.

[0027] The end of the connecting top column 501 located in the protective shell 502 is provided with a support plate 506, and a plurality of buffer auxiliary springs 508 are provided in an annular array around the buffer main spring 507, and the upper ends of the buffer main spring 507 and the buffer auxiliary spring 508 are connected to the support plate 506. The combined structure of a buffer main spring 507 and a plurality of buffer auxiliary springs 508 can have a better protection function, and even if the buffer main spring 507 is accidentally broken or damaged, the buffer auxiliary spring 508 can ensure the stability of the lifting pillar 4, and the lifting pillar 4 will not be damaged due to a sudden impact.

[0028] Furthermore, a plurality of inclined grooves 503 are provided on the side wall of one end of the connecting top column 501 located in the protective shell 502. The inclined grooves 503 extend along the length direction of the connecting top column 501, and the depth of the inclined grooves 503 is deeper as they are farther away from the support plate 506. A limiting plate 509 is provided on the inner side of the top of the protective shell 502. A guide hole 511 is provided on the limiting plate 509 at a position corresponding to the inclined grooves 503. An inclined top column 504 is slidably provided in the guide hole 511. One end of the inclined top column 504 is connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 502 through a return spring 505, and the other end is provided with an inclined surface, and the inclined surface abuts against the bottom of the inclined groove 503 under the elastic force of the return spring 505. It is best to set four inclined grooves 503, which are symmetrically arranged, and the width of the guide hole 511 and the inclined top column 504 should be equivalent to the width of the inclined groove 503. The combined structure of the inclined groove 503 and the inclined top column 504, on the one hand, can use the inclined top column 504 to play a circumferential limiting role on the connecting top column 501, preventing it from rotating and damaging the buffer main spring 507 and the buffer auxiliary spring 508, and at the same time, it can also play a certain guiding and supporting role in the lifting process of the connecting top column 501. The inclined surface can improve the centering effect and avoid the connection top column 501 from being skewed due to insufficient limiting of the guide hole 511 during the lifting process; on the other hand, it can limit the compression range of the connecting top column 501. When the connecting top column 501 drops to the top of the inclined groove 503 and contacts the inclined top column 504, the connecting top column 501 can no longer drop, but is rigidly supported by the inclined top column 504 and the limiting plate 509, which can prevent the buffer main spring 507 and the buffer auxiliary spring 508 from being damaged by excessive compression. In addition, in order to facilitate the installation of the internal structure, the bottom of the protective shell 502 can be set to a detachable and openable structure.

[0029] Regarding the specific structure of the elastic support block 11, the preferred solution provided by the present invention is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the elastic support block 11 includes a bottom plate 1103 and a circular top plate 1108, and a plurality of spring columns 1102 are arranged in an annular array around the bottom of the circular top plate 1108, and the lower end of the spring column 1102 is connected to the bottom plate 1103, and a plurality of first anti-skid columns 1101 are arranged on the top surface of the circular top plate 1108. The bottom plate 1103 is fixed to the arched top plate 9 by bolts, which is convenient for disassembly and replacement. The spring column 1102 is used to elastically support the circular top plate 1108, and the spring column 1102 refers to a structure in which the spring jacket has two movable sleeves, which can better limit the expansion and contraction direction of the spring. The first anti-skid column 1101 is used to slowly press into the tunnel rock wall under the action of the spring column 1102 during the jacking process, so as to improve the support effect on the top of the tunnel. In addition, a protective spring 1104 can be set on the periphery of the spring column 1102 to improve the reliability of the connection between the bottom plate 1103 and the circular top plate 1108.

[0030] Furthermore, a plurality of arc-shaped top plates 1106 are arranged in a circular array around the top surface of the circular top plate 1108, the first anti-skid column 1101 is located in the middle area of ​​the circular top plate 1108, the arc-shaped top plate 1106 is connected to the circular top plate 1108 by a plurality of connecting springs 1107, and a plurality of second anti-skid columns 1105 are arranged on the top surface of the arc-shaped top plate 1106. Because the top surface of the circular top plate 1108 is a plane, and the top of the tunnel is an arc surface, after the arc-shaped top plate 1106 is arranged around the circular top plate 1108, during the jacking process, the high arc-shaped top plate 1106 can be fine-tuned according to the uneven surface of the rock mass under the action of the connecting springs 1107, so as to improve the fit with the top of the tunnel, thereby further increasing the support points and improving the support effect.

[0031] For the supporting mechanism, the present invention also provides the following improvement schemes. In order to facilitate the installation of the arched top plate 9, a connecting crossbeam 2 can be set on the arched keel 12. The connecting crossbeam 2 is set on the outer side of the arched keel 12 along the length direction of the fixed frame 3, and a plurality of connecting crossbeams 2 are evenly spaced along the length direction of the arched keel 12. The arched top plate 9 is set on the connecting crossbeam 2. The connecting crossbeam 2 is connected between all the arched keels 12 as the installation basis of the arched top plate 9, which can reduce the number of arched keels 12. In addition, in order to facilitate the adjustment of the installation position of the arched top plate 9, such as Figure 4 As shown, the inner side of the arched top plate 9 is provided with a slot 901 that can be stuck on the connecting cross beam 2 for sliding, and the arched top plate 9 can be fixed on the connecting cross beam 2 by a bolt 902 passing through the slot 901. In the actual installation process, the arched top plate 9 is not required to fully support the entire tunnel top, and the arched top plate 9 only needs to be set at intervals. Therefore, the arched top plate 9 is slidably set on the connecting cross beam 2, and the position of the arched top plate 9 can be reasonably determined according to the situation of the tunnel top, ensuring that the weak position can be stably supported, reducing the support cost. In addition, in order to prevent the rock mass sliding down on both sides of the tunnel from entering the tunnel, connecting beams 8 are provided on both sides of the fixed frame 3, and side guard plates 10 are hung on the connecting beams 8. The bottom side of the side guard plate 10 is arranged on the side of the buffer mechanism 5, and the bottom of the side guard plate 10 can also be directly placed on the fixed base 6, ensuring the structural strength of the side guard plate 10 and the stability of the support.

Claims

1. A support device for excavating a broken rock tunnel, comprising a fixed frame (3), a lifting support (4) located below the fixed frame (3), and a support mechanism arranged on top of the fixed frame (3), characterized in that: A buffer mechanism (5) is provided at the bottom of the lifting support (4), and the lifting support (4) is elastically connected to a fixed base (6) on the ground through the buffer mechanism (5). A protective platform (1) is provided on the top surface of the fixed frame (3). The support mechanism comprises a plurality of arched keels (12) arranged at intervals along the length direction of the fixed frame (3), an arched top plate (9) is provided on the outer side of the arched keel (12), and a plurality of elastic support blocks (11) are evenly distributed on the side of the arched top plate (9) away from the arched keel (12).

2. The support device for excavating a broken surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer mechanism (5) comprises a protective shell (502), a connecting top column (501) and a buffer main spring (507); the top of the protective shell (502) is provided with a through hole (510), and the bottom is fixed on a fixed base (6); the lower end of the buffer main spring (507) is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the protective shell (502); the upper end of the connecting top column (501) is connected to the lower end of the lifting support (4); the lower end of the connecting top column (501) passes through the through hole (510) and is connected to the upper end of the buffer main spring (507).

3. The support device for excavating a broken rock tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: A support plate (506) is provided at one end of the connecting top column (501) located inside the protective shell (502), and a plurality of buffer auxiliary springs (508) are provided in a peripheral annular array around the buffer main spring (507), and the upper ends of the buffer main spring (507) and the buffer auxiliary spring (508) are both connected to the support plate (506).

4. The support device for excavating a broken surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of inclined grooves (503) are provided on the side wall of one end of the connecting top column (501) located in the protective shell (502), and the inclined grooves (503) extend along the length direction of the connecting top column (501), and the depth of the inclined grooves (503) increases as they are farther away from the support plate (506). A limiting plate (509) is provided on the inner side of the top of the protective shell (502), and a guide hole (511) is provided on the limiting plate (509) at a position corresponding to the inclined groove (503), and an inclined top column (504) is slidably arranged in the guide hole (511), and one end of the inclined top column (504) is connected to the inner wall of the protective shell (502) through a reset spring (505), and the other end is provided with an inclined surface, and under the elastic force of the reset spring (505), the inclined surface abuts against the bottom of the inclined groove (503) through the inclined surface.

5. The support device for excavating a broken surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic support block (11) comprises a bottom plate (1103) and a circular top plate (1108); a plurality of spring columns (1102) are arranged in a circular array around the bottom of the circular top plate (1108); the lower ends of the spring columns (1102) are connected to the bottom plate (1103); and a plurality of first anti-slip columns (1101) are arranged on the top surface of the circular top plate (1108).

6. The support device for excavating a broken surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of arc-shaped top plates (1106) are arranged in a circular array around the top surface of the circular top plate (1108); the first anti-slip column (1101) is located in the middle area of ​​the circular top plate (1108); the arc-shaped top plates (1106) are connected to the circular top plates (1108) via a plurality of connecting springs (1107); and a plurality of second anti-slip columns (1105) are arranged on the top surface of the arc-shaped top plate (1106).

7. The support device suitable for excavation of a broken surrounding rock tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also comprises a connecting crossbeam (2), wherein the connecting crossbeam (2) is arranged on the outside of the arched keel (12) along the length direction of the fixed frame (3), and a plurality of connecting crossbeams (2) are evenly spaced along the length direction of the arched keel (12), and the arched top plate (9) is arranged on the connecting crossbeam (2).

8. The support device for excavating a broken rock tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner side of the arched top plate (9) is provided with a slot (901) that can be clamped on the connecting cross beam (2) for sliding, and the arched top plate (9) can be fixed on the connecting cross beam (2) by means of a bolt (902) passing through the slot (901).

9. The support device for excavating a broken surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: Connecting beams (8) are provided on both sides of the fixed frame (3), and side protection plates (10) are suspended on the connecting beams (8). The bottom side surfaces of the side protection plates (10) are arranged against the side surfaces of the buffer mechanism (5).

10. The support device for excavating a broken surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting support (4) is a hydraulic rod or an electric push rod.

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