Field crop monitoring device and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a field crop monitoring device and monitoring method, and belongs to the technical field of environment monitoring. A field crop monitoring device comprises a supporting rod, the bottom end of the supporting rod is fixed to the ground, a soil temperature and humidity sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the supporting rod, an air temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the supporting rod, a camera is arranged on the upper portion of the supporting rod, and a solar power supply module is arranged at the top end of the supporting rod. The solar power supply module, the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the air temperature and humidity sensor and the camera are electrically connected with the controller; the solar power supply module comprises a supporting frame and a solar panel, and a rotating mechanism for driving the solar panel to rotate is arranged on the supporting frame. Therefore, by adopting the field crop monitoring device and monitoring method provided by the invention, the problems of single monitoring information and inconvenience in equipment installation and use of the existing monitoring device can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and in particular to a field crop monitoring device and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] In modern agricultural production, timely diagnosis and prevention of crop diseases are key factors in ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural development. However, traditional disease monitoring methods mainly rely on manual field inspections and empirical judgments. This method is not only inefficient, but also difficult to achieve real-time monitoring of large areas of fields, resulting in untimely disease detection and missing the best prevention and control period, thus causing serious losses in crop yield and quality. In addition, with climate change and the diversification of planting patterns, the occurrence of crop diseases has become more complex and uncertain, bringing new challenges to agricultural production. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a portable, multifunctional, and intelligent device that can simultaneously and efficiently monitor key environmental data and monitor crop diseases to improve agricultural production efficiency.

[0003] The existing patent CN201911229968.0 discloses a crop phenotype monitoring device and system, including: a base, a power supply device and a driving mechanism for power supply are arranged on the base; a support frame is retractably arranged on the base, and the driving mechanism is connected to the support frame for controlling the rotation of the support frame; and a monitoring imaging unit for obtaining crop image information, the monitoring imaging unit is arranged at the upper end of the support frame, and the monitoring imaging unit uploads the crop image information to a remote server via a communication module. The crop phenotype monitoring device avoids the damage to the crop sample during direct measurement, overcomes the limitation that indirect measurement cannot better reflect the phenotypic characteristics of the crop, and can upload the observed crop image information to the server in real time, conveniently and accurately, perform crop information preprocessing, analysis and calculation, and real-time storage, so as to realize crop phenotypic characteristics, intelligent and precise measurement. However, the above patent is only provided with a monitoring imaging unit, and the monitoring data is relatively single, and the crop growth status and environment cannot be accurately analyzed. In addition, the solar panel used for power supply is set on the ground, which is easy to cause damage to the solar panel, and the installation site is limited, which affects the use of the solar panel. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a field crop monitoring device and a monitoring method to solve the problems that the existing monitoring devices have single monitoring information and are inconvenient to install and use.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a field crop monitoring device, including a support rod, the bottom end of the support rod is fixed on the ground, a soil temperature and humidity sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the support rod, an air temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the support rod, a camera is arranged on the upper part of the support rod, and a solar power supply module is arranged at the top of the support rod. The solar power supply module, the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the air temperature and humidity sensor, and the camera are all electrically connected to a controller; the solar power supply module includes a support frame and a solar panel, and the support frame is provided with a rotating mechanism for driving the solar panel to rotate.

[0006] Preferably, the soil temperature and humidity sensor includes soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 and soil temperature and humidity sensor 2. The depth of soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 inserted into the soil is 2cm-12cm, and the depth of soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 inserted into the soil is 13cm-22cm.

[0007] Preferably, the air temperature and humidity sensor includes air temperature and humidity sensor 1 and air temperature and humidity sensor 2, air temperature and humidity sensor 1 is used to monitor the air temperature and humidity at the crop canopy, and air temperature and humidity sensor 2 is used to monitor the air temperature and humidity at the crop leaves.

[0008] Preferably, the camera is a wide-angle multi-spectral camera.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes two rotating units symmetrically arranged left and right, and the rotating unit includes two rotating components symmetrically arranged front and back; the rotating components include a first rotating seat, a third rotating seat and a fifth rotating seat, the first rotating seat is rotatably connected to a guide rail arranged on the top of the support frame, the third rotating seat is rotatably arranged on the first slider, and the fifth rotating seat is rotatably arranged on the second slider, and the guide rail is provided with a guide groove that guides the sliding of the first slider and the second slider, the first slider and the second slider are located in the guide groove and are slidably connected to the guide groove, and the first rotating seat, the third rotating seat and the fifth rotating seat are all provided with solar panels; the first rotating seat, the third rotating seat and the fifth rotating seat are connected by a transmission structure; and the support frame is provided with a power structure that drives the two rotating units to rotate relative to each other.

[0010] Preferably, the transmission structure includes a second rotating seat, which is rotatably connected to the guide rail, a first rotating seat is provided with a first tooth, a second rotating seat is provided with a second tooth meshing with the first tooth, a first connecting rod is provided on the second rotating seat, a second connecting rod is provided on the third rotating seat, and the second connecting rod is hinged to the first connecting rod; a third tooth is provided on the third rotating seat, a fourth tooth meshing with the third tooth is provided on the fourth rotating seat, the fourth rotating seat is rotatably connected to the first sliding seat, a third connecting rod is provided on the fourth rotating seat, a fourth connecting rod is provided on the fifth rotating seat, and the third connecting rod is hinged to the fourth connecting rod.

[0011] Preferably, the power structure includes a driving gear, which is rotatably connected to the guide rail, and the two driving gears are connected by a connecting shaft. A first motor that drives the connecting shaft to rotate is provided on the support frame, and the first motor is electrically connected to the controller. A driven gear that meshes with the driving gear is provided on the support frame, and the driving gear meshes with the first teeth of the first rotating seat on one rotating unit, and the driven gear meshes with the first teeth of the first rotating seat on the other rotating unit.

[0012] Preferably, a fixing mechanism for fixing the support rod is provided at the bottom end of the support rod, and the fixing mechanism includes a base, the base is fixed to the bottom end of the support rod, a sliding sleeve is slidably provided on the support rod, a plurality of support plates are evenly hinged on the sliding sleeve, an oblique support rod is provided in the middle of the support plate, the two ends of the oblique support rod are respectively hinged to the support plate and the base, a support seat is hinged at the bottom end of the support plate, and the base and the support seat are both fixed on the ground.

[0013] Preferably, the support rod is provided with a rotating structure for driving the camera to rotate, the rotating structure includes a fixed seat fixed on the support rod, a mounting seat is rotatably provided above the fixed seat, the mounting seat sleeve is arranged on the outside of the support rod, a mounting plate is provided on the mounting seat, the camera is mounted on the mounting plate, a gear ring is provided on the inner surface of the mounting seat, a gear meshing with the gear ring is rotatably provided on the fixed seat, a second motor for driving the gear to rotate is provided below the fixed seat, and the second motor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0014] The monitoring method based on the above-mentioned field crop monitoring device comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. Place the support rod at the set position, insert the soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 and the soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 into the soil, push the sliding sleeve downward, the sliding sleeve drives the top of the support plate to slide downward synchronously, the support plate rotates under the limiting action of the inclined support rod, the support plate drives the support seat to rotate, the support plate opens, and the support seat and the base are fixed on the ground;

[0016] S2. A support frame is fixed at the top of the support rod, the first motor drives the two driving gears to rotate through the connecting shaft, the driving gear drives the driven gear to rotate, the driving gear and the driven gear respectively drive the first rotating seats on the two rotating units to rotate, the first rotating seat drives the second rotating seat to rotate, the second rotating seat drives the first slider to slide along the slide groove through the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, the second connecting rod drives the third rotating seat to rotate, the third rotating seat drives the fourth rotating seat to rotate, the fourth rotating seat drives the second slider to slide through the third connecting rod and the fourth connecting rod, the fourth connecting rod drives the fifth rotating seat to rotate, and the first rotating seat, the third rotating seat and the fifth rotating seat drive the solar panel to unfold;

[0017] S3, the second motor drives the mounting base to rotate through the gear and the gear ring, and the mounting base drives the camera to rotate through the mounting plate, and the camera collects images of crop leaves and stems;

[0018] S4. The air temperature and humidity of the crop canopy and leaves are collected through air temperature and humidity sensor 1 and air temperature and humidity sensor 2 respectively. The soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 and soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 respectively collect the temperature and humidity of the soil at different soil depths. The collected air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity and images are transmitted to the controller for analysis. The controller sends the collected data and analysis results to the mobile terminal through the communication module. The controller stores the collected data in the storage module. The solar power supply module provides power to the controller.

[0019] The advantages and positive effects of the field crop monitoring device and monitoring method described in the present invention are:

[0020] 1. The present invention arranges air temperature and humidity sensor 1 and air temperature and humidity sensor 2 on the support rod, which are respectively used to monitor the temperature and humidity at the leaf crown and the leaf. Soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 and soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 are respectively used to monitor the moisture and temperature conditions of the surface soil and the deep soil. The multi-spectral wide-angle camera is used to collect information on crop leaves and stems. The monitoring information is diverse, and the crop growth status and environment can be analyzed more accurately.

[0021] 2. The present invention sets a foldable solar panel at the top of the support rod. The foldable solar panel is convenient for transportation and installation of the entire device. The solar panel is set at the top of the support rod in a folded shape, which does not occupy the ground space and is convenient for installation and use of the solar panel. In bad weather, the solar panel is folded up to reduce the contact between the solar panel and the external environment and protect the solar panel.

[0022] 3. The present invention provides a fixing mechanism at the bottom of the support rod, which is easy to use and can improve the stability of the support rod installation.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the fixing mechanism structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a solar power supply module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a solar power supply module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the working principle of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Reference numerals

[0032] 1. Support rod; 2. Controller; 3. Air temperature and humidity sensor 1; 4. Air temperature and humidity sensor 2; 5. Soil temperature and humidity sensor 1; 6. Soil temperature and humidity sensor 2; 7. Camera; 8. Solar panel; 9. Support frame; 10. Guide rail; 11. Guide groove; 12. First motor; 13. First slider; 14. Second slider; 15. Driving gear; 16. Connecting shaft; 17. Driven gear; 18. First rotating seat; 19. Second rotating seat; 20. First connecting rod; 21. Second connecting rod; 22. Third rotating seat; 23. Fourth rotating seat; 24. Third connecting rod; 25. Fourth connecting rod; 26. Fifth rotating seat; 27. Base; 28. Sliding sleeve; 29. ​​Support plate; 30. Diagonal support rod; 31. Support seat; 32. Fixed seat; 33. Mounting seat; 34. Mounting plate; 35. Gear ring; 36. Second motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the invented product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "setting", "installation", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, a field crop monitoring device includes a support rod 1, the bottom end of which is fixed on the ground, and the support rod 1 provides support for the entire device. The support rod 1 is a hollow structure, and the interior is used for route layout. The support rod 1 has an IP67 protection level, is waterproof and dustproof, and can adapt to different harsh field environments.

[0036] A soil temperature and humidity sensor is provided at the bottom end of the support rod 1. The soil temperature and humidity sensor includes a soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 5 and a soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 6. The depth of the soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 5 inserted into the soil is 2 cm-12 cm, preferably 10 cm. The depth of the soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 6 inserted into the soil is 13 cm-22 cm, preferably 20 cm. The soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 5 and the soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 6 are used to monitor the moisture and temperature conditions of the surface soil and the deep soil, respectively.

[0037] An air temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the support rod 1, and the air temperature and humidity sensor includes an air temperature and humidity sensor 1 3 and an air temperature and humidity sensor 2 4. The air temperature and humidity sensor 1 3 is used to monitor the air temperature and humidity at the crop canopy, and the air temperature and humidity sensor 2 4 is used to monitor the air temperature and humidity at the crop leaves.

[0038] A camera 7 is arranged on the upper part of the support rod 1. The camera 7 is a wide-angle multispectral camera 7 with multispectral imaging function and automatic focusing function for collecting high-definition crop images. It performs early diagnosis of crop diseases through spectral information of different bands. It is embedded with Yolov8 deep learning algorithm and OpenCv image processing algorithm. Combined with the disease knowledge database, it can automatically identify common crop diseases, such as powdery mildew, rust, etc., and evaluate the disease level according to the disease index, and provide corresponding disease prevention and control measures.

[0039] Existing deep learning crop disease recognition methods require a large number of labeled images for training, which restricts the implementation of large-scale detection. To overcome this limitation, a new model combining masked autoencoder (MAE) and convolutional block attention module (CBAM) is proposed. The demanding requirement for a large amount of labeled data is alleviated. The performance of the model is verified on CCMT and datasets. The results show that the accuracy of the improved model on CCMT dataset and collected datasets reaches 95.35% and 99.61%, Reacll reaches 96.2% and 98.51%, and F1 value reaches 95.52% and 98.62% respectively. Compared with ResNet50, Vit, and Mae, the accuracy on CCMT dataset is improved by 1.2%, 0.7%, and 0.8%, respectively, and the accuracy is improved by 1.3%, 1.6%, and 0.6%, respectively. Through experiments on CCMT dataset and collected datasets, the model achieves accurate and rapid detection of plant disease categories, providing a reference for the research work and engineering application of crop disease detection.

[0040] A solar power supply module is provided at the top of the support rod 1, and the solar power supply module is used to provide power for the entire device. The solar power supply module, soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 5, soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 6, air temperature and humidity sensor 1 3, air temperature and humidity sensor 2 4, and camera 7 are all electrically connected to the controller 2 using existing technology as needed.

[0041] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 The solar power supply module includes a support frame 9 and a solar panel 8, and a rotating mechanism for driving the solar panel 8 to rotate is arranged on the support frame 9. The rotating mechanism includes two rotating units arranged symmetrically in left and right, and the rotating unit includes two rotating components arranged symmetrically in front and back.

[0042] The rotating assembly includes a first rotating seat 18, a third rotating seat 22 and a fifth rotating seat 26. The first rotating seat 18 is rotatably connected to the guide rail 10 provided on the top of the support frame 9 through a bearing. The third rotating seat 22 is rotatably provided on the first slider 13 through a bearing, and the fifth rotating seat 26 is rotatably provided on the second slider 14 through a bearing. The guide rail 10 is provided with a guide groove 11 which has a guiding function for the sliding of the first slider 13 and the second slider 14. The first slider 13 and the second slider 14 are located in the guide groove 11 and are slidably connected to the guide groove 11. The solar panel 8 is fixedly provided on the first rotating seat 18, the third rotating seat 22 and the fifth rotating seat 26.

[0043] The first rotating seat 18, the third rotating seat 22, and the fifth rotating seat 26 are connected by a transmission structure. The transmission structure includes a second rotating seat 19, and the second rotating seat 19 is rotatably connected to the guide rail 10 through a bearing. The first rotating seat 18 is fixedly provided with a first tooth, and the second rotating seat 19 is fixedly provided with a second tooth meshing with the first tooth. The second rotating seat 19 is fixedly provided with a first connecting rod 20, and the third rotating seat 22 is fixedly provided with a second connecting rod 21, and the second connecting rod 21 is hinged to the first connecting rod 20. The third rotating seat 22 is fixedly provided with a third tooth, and the fourth rotating seat 23 is fixedly provided with a fourth tooth meshing with the third tooth. The fourth rotating seat 23 is rotatably connected to the first sliding seat through a bearing. The fourth rotating seat 23 is fixedly provided with a third connecting rod 24, and the fifth rotating seat 26 is fixedly provided with a fourth connecting rod 25, and the third connecting rod 24 is hinged to the fourth connecting rod 25.

[0044] The support frame 9 is provided with a power structure for driving the two rotating units to rotate relative to each other. The power structure includes a driving gear 15, and the driving gear 15 is rotatably connected to the guide rail 10 through a bearing. The two driving gears 15 are fixedly connected through a connecting shaft 16, and a first motor 12 for driving the connecting shaft 16 to rotate is provided on the support frame 9, and the first motor 12 is electrically connected to the controller 2. A driven gear 17 meshing with the driving gear 15 is rotatably provided on the support frame 9 through a bearing, and the driving gear 15 meshes with the first teeth of the first rotating seat 18 on one rotating unit, and the driven gear 17 meshes with the first teeth of the first rotating seat 18 on the other rotating unit, and the solar panels 8 on the two rotating units are driven to rotate synchronously through the driving wheel and the driven wheel.

[0045] When in use, the first motor 12 drives the two driving gears 15 to rotate through the connecting shaft 16, and the driving gear 15 drives the driven gear 17 to rotate. The driving gear 15 and the driven gear 17 respectively drive the first rotating seat 18 on the two rotating units to rotate. The first rotating seat 18 drives the second rotating seat 19 to rotate, and the second rotating seat 19 drives the first slider 13 to slide along the slide groove through the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21, and the second connecting rod 21 drives the third rotating seat 22 to rotate. The third rotating seat 22 drives the fourth rotating seat 23 to rotate, and the fourth rotating seat 23 drives the second slider 14 to slide through the third connecting rod 24 and the fourth connecting rod 25, and the fourth connecting rod 25 drives the fifth rotating seat 26 to rotate. The first rotating seat 18, the third rotating seat 22 and the fifth rotating seat 26 drive the solar panel 8 to unfold.

[0046] When encountering bad weather, the first motor 12 reverses to fold the solar panel 8, reducing the contact between the solar panel 8 and the external environment and protecting the solar panel 8. The folded solar panel 8 is convenient for transportation and installation of the entire device. The solar panel 8 is arranged at the top of the support rod 1 in a folded shape, which does not occupy ground space and is convenient for installation and use of the solar panel 8.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown. A fixing mechanism for fixing the support rod 1 is provided at the bottom end of the support rod 1. The fixing mechanism includes a base 27, and the base 27 is fixed to the bottom end of the support rod 1. A sliding sleeve 28 is slidably provided on the support rod 1, and a plurality of support plates 29 are evenly hinged on the sliding sleeve 28. In this embodiment, there are four support rods 1. An oblique support rod 30 is provided in the middle of the support plate 29, and the two ends of the oblique support rod 30 are respectively hinged to the support plate 29 and the base 27. A support seat 31 is hinged at the bottom end of the support plate 29, and the base 27 and the support seat 31 are both fixed on the ground.

[0048] The support rod 1 is provided with a rotating structure for driving the camera 7 to rotate. The rotating structure includes a fixed seat 32 fixedly provided on the support rod 1, a mounting seat 33 rotatably provided above the fixed seat 32, and the mounting seat 33 is sleeved on the outside of the support rod 1. A mounting plate 34 is fixedly provided on the mounting seat 33, and the camera 7 is mounted on the mounting plate 34. A gear ring 35 is fixedly provided on the inner surface of the mounting seat 33, and a gear meshing with the gear ring 35 is rotatably provided on the fixed seat 32 through a bearing. A second motor 36 that drives the gear to rotate is provided below the fixed seat 32, and the second motor 36 is electrically connected to the controller 2.

[0049] like Figure 7 The monitoring method based on the above-mentioned field crop monitoring device includes the following steps:

[0050] S1. Place the support rod 1 at the set position, insert the soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 5 and the soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 6 into the soil, push the sliding sleeve 28 downward, the sliding sleeve 28 drives the top of the support plate 29 to slide downward synchronously, the support plate 29 rotates under the limiting action of the inclined support rod 30, the support plate 29 drives the support seat 31 to rotate, the support plate 29 opens, and the support seat 31 and the base 27 are fixed on the ground.

[0051] S2. Fix the support frame 9 at the top of the support rod 1, the first motor 12 drives the two driving gears 15 to rotate through the connecting shaft 16, the driving gear 15 drives the driven gear 17 to rotate, the driving gear 15 and the driven gear 17 respectively drive the first rotating seat 18 on the two rotating units to rotate, the first rotating seat 18 drives the second rotating seat 19 to rotate, the second rotating seat 19 drives the first slider 13 to slide along the slide groove through the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21, the second connecting rod 21 drives the third rotating seat 22 to rotate, the third rotating seat 22 drives the fourth rotating seat 23 to rotate, the fourth rotating seat 23 drives the second slider 14 to slide through the third connecting rod 24 and the fourth connecting rod 25, the fourth connecting rod 25 drives the fifth rotating seat 26 to rotate, the first rotating seat 18, the third rotating seat 22 and the fifth rotating seat 26 drive the solar panel 8 to unfold.

[0052] S3, the second motor 36 drives the mounting base 33 to rotate through the gear and the gear ring 35, and the mounting base 33 drives the camera 7 to rotate through the mounting plate 34, and the camera 7 collects images of the crop leaves and stems.

[0053] S4, the air temperature and humidity sensor 13 and the air temperature and humidity sensor 24 respectively collect the temperature and humidity of the air at the crop canopy and leaves, the soil temperature and humidity sensor 15 and the soil temperature and humidity sensor 26 respectively collect the temperature and humidity of the soil at different soil depths, and the collected air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity and images are transmitted to the controller 2 for analysis, and the controller 2 sends the collected data and analysis results to the mobile terminal through the communication module. The controller 2 stores the collected data in the storage module, and the solar power supply module provides power to the controller 2.

[0054] Therefore, the field crop monitoring device and monitoring method described in the present invention can solve the problems of single monitoring information and inconvenient equipment installation and use of existing monitoring devices.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field crop monitoring device, characterized in that: It includes a support rod, the bottom end of the support rod is fixed on the ground, a soil temperature and humidity sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the support rod, an air temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the support rod, a camera is arranged on the upper part of the support rod, and a solar power supply module is arranged on the top of the support rod. The solar power supply module, the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the air temperature and humidity sensor, and the camera are all electrically connected to the controller; the solar power supply module includes a support frame and a solar panel, and the support frame is provided with a rotating mechanism for driving the solar panel to rotate.

2. A field crop monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil temperature and humidity sensor comprises a soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 and a soil temperature and humidity sensor 2. The soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 is inserted into the soil to a depth of 2cm-12cm, and the soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 is inserted into the soil to a depth of 13cm-22cm.

3. A field crop monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air temperature and humidity sensor comprises an air temperature and humidity sensor 1 and an air temperature and humidity sensor 2. The air temperature and humidity sensor 1 is used to monitor the air temperature and humidity at the crop canopy, and the air temperature and humidity sensor 2 is used to monitor the air temperature and humidity at the crop leaves.

4. A field crop monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camera is a wide-angle multi-spectral camera.

5. A field crop monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism includes two rotating units symmetrically arranged left and right, and the rotating unit includes two rotating components symmetrically arranged front and back; the rotating components include a first rotating seat, a third rotating seat and a fifth rotating seat, the first rotating seat is rotatably connected to the guide rail arranged on the top of the support frame, the third rotating seat is rotatably arranged on the first slider, and the fifth rotating seat is rotatably arranged on the second slider, and the guide rail is provided with a guide groove that guides the sliding of the first slider and the second slider, the first slider and the second slider are located in the guide groove and are slidably connected to the guide groove, and the first rotating seat, the third rotating seat and the fifth rotating seat are all provided with solar panels; the first rotating seat, the third rotating seat and the fifth rotating seat are connected by a transmission structure; and the support frame is provided with a power structure that drives the two rotating units to rotate relative to each other.

6. A field crop monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transmission structure includes a second rotating seat, which is rotatably connected to the guide rail, a first rotating seat is provided with a first tooth, a second rotating seat is provided with a second tooth meshing with the first tooth, a first connecting rod is provided on the second rotating seat, a second connecting rod is provided on the third rotating seat, and the second connecting rod is hinged to the first connecting rod; a third tooth is provided on the third rotating seat, a fourth tooth meshing with the third tooth is provided on the fourth rotating seat, the fourth rotating seat is rotatably connected to the first sliding seat, a third connecting rod is provided on the fourth rotating seat, a fourth connecting rod is provided on the fifth rotating seat, and the third connecting rod is hinged to the fourth connecting rod.

7. A field crop monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The power structure includes a driving gear, which is rotatably connected to the guide rail, and the two driving gears are connected by a connecting shaft. A first motor that drives the connecting shaft to rotate is arranged on the support frame, and the first motor is electrically connected to the controller. A driven gear that meshes with the driving gear is arranged on the support frame, and the driving gear meshes with the first teeth of the first rotating seat on one rotating unit, and the driven gear meshes with the first teeth of the first rotating seat on the other rotating unit.

8. A field crop monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the support rod is provided with a fixing mechanism for fixing the support rod, and the fixing mechanism includes a base, the base is fixed to the bottom end of the support rod, a sliding sleeve is slidably provided on the support rod, and a plurality of support plates are evenly hinged on the sliding sleeve, an oblique support rod is provided in the middle of the support plate, and the two ends of the oblique support rod are respectively hinged to the support plate and the base, and a support seat is hinged at the bottom end of the support plate, and the base and the support seat are both fixed on the ground.

9. A field crop monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support rod is provided with a rotating structure for driving the camera to rotate, the rotating structure includes a fixed seat fixed on the support rod, a mounting seat is rotatably provided above the fixed seat, the mounting seat sleeve is arranged on the outside of the support rod, a mounting plate is provided on the mounting seat, the camera is mounted on the mounting plate, a gear ring is provided on the inner surface of the mounting seat, a gear meshing with the gear ring is rotatably provided on the fixed seat, a second motor that drives the gear to rotate is provided below the fixed seat, and the second motor is electrically connected to the controller.

10. A monitoring method based on a field crop monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Place the support rod at the set position, insert the soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 and the soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 into the soil, push the sliding sleeve downward, the sliding sleeve drives the top of the support plate to slide downward synchronously, the support plate rotates under the limiting action of the inclined support rod, the support plate drives the support seat to rotate, the support plate opens, and the support seat and the base are fixed on the ground; S2. A support frame is fixed at the top of the support rod, the first motor drives the two driving gears to rotate through the connecting shaft, the driving gear drives the driven gear to rotate, the driving gear and the driven gear respectively drive the first rotating seats on the two rotating units to rotate, the first rotating seat drives the second rotating seat to rotate, the second rotating seat drives the first slider to slide along the slide groove through the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, the second connecting rod drives the third rotating seat to rotate, the third rotating seat drives the fourth rotating seat to rotate, the fourth rotating seat drives the second slider to slide through the third connecting rod and the fourth connecting rod, the fourth connecting rod drives the fifth rotating seat to rotate, and the first rotating seat, the third rotating seat and the fifth rotating seat drive the solar panel to unfold; S3, the second motor drives the mounting base to rotate through the gear and the gear ring, and the mounting base drives the camera to rotate through the mounting plate, and the camera collects images of crop leaves and stems; S4. The air temperature and humidity of the crop canopy and leaves are collected through air temperature and humidity sensor 1 and air temperature and humidity sensor 2 respectively. The soil temperature and humidity sensor 1 and soil temperature and humidity sensor 2 respectively collect the temperature and humidity of the soil at different soil depths. The collected air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity and images are transmitted to the controller for analysis. The controller sends the collected data and analysis results to the mobile terminal through the communication module. The controller stores the collected data in the storage module. The solar power supply module provides power to the controller.

Images