Numerical control gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining

Abstract

The invention discloses a numerical control gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining, and relates to the technical field of numerical control gear grinding machines, the numerical control gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining comprises a workbench, a gear connecting seat, a grading grinding mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a linear reciprocating driving part and the like, the lifting plate controls rack position switching through a micro motor, a second turbine worm self-locking speed reducer and a screw rod; in the aspect of high-precision graded grinding, through unique design, rough, medium and accurate grinding processes of tooth grooves are achieved, the grinding amount and precision are precisely controlled, the size, shape precision and surface roughness of the tooth grooves are improved, the tooth surface waviness and tooth profile errors are reduced, the gear transmission stability is enhanced, vibration noise is reduced, and the service life is prolonged; the racks are switched and matched efficiently, multiple procedures are completed on the same equipment, the carrying and clamping frequency is reduced, and the machining efficiency and precision are stabilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of numerically controlled gear grinding machines, and in particular to a numerically controlled gear grinding machine for high-precision gear processing. Background Art

[0002] In the field of modern mechanical manufacturing, the operation of various mechanical equipment requires precise and stable power transmission, and gears, as key transmission components, play an indispensable role in it. Different mechanical equipment has diverse requirements for the performance of gears. For example, in the field of aerospace, high-precision gears can ensure the precise control of the flight attitude of the aircraft and the efficient operation of the power system, which is related to flight safety and the successful execution of the mission. In the automotive industry, high-quality gears help improve the transmission efficiency of the engine, reduce fuel consumption, and reduce noise and vibration during driving, enhancing driving comfort and vehicle reliability. The field of precision instruments has extremely high requirements for the accuracy of gears. Slight deviations in accuracy may lead to increased measurement errors or operational failures of the instrument. Therefore, the processing accuracy of gears directly affects the performance, stability and service life of the entire mechanical equipment. With the continuous development of industrial technology, especially in the above-mentioned high-end manufacturing industries with extremely high precision requirements, the requirements for gear accuracy are becoming increasingly stringent, and the demand for high-precision gears is more urgent. However, traditional CNC gear grinding machines have many limitations in the gear processing process.

[0003] In the prior art, most gear grinding processes use a single grinding method, such as a multi-station CNC gear grinding machine disclosed in the invention publication number CN111958058A. A single grinding method is difficult to simultaneously meet the comprehensive high requirements of tooth groove processing for dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy and surface roughness; for example, some traditional equipment may not be able to accurately control the grinding amount during rough grinding, which may easily cause excessive grinding and damage the tooth surface, thereby affecting the subsequent intermediate grinding and fine grinding processes, and cannot effectively reduce the waviness and tooth shape error of the tooth surface, ultimately causing the gear to generate greater vibration and noise during the transmission process, which not only reduces the transmission efficiency of the gear, but also shortens its service life; in view of this, this paper proposes a CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear processing. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear processing, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear processing, comprising a workbench, a gear connecting seat for clamping and connecting the gears to be polished and driving the connected gears to perform high-precision rotation and switching angles, and a graded polishing mechanism, wherein the gear connecting seat is installed above one side of the workbench, a sealing box is installed horizontally above the other side of the workbench, the graded polishing mechanism is installed on one side of the sealing box, a feeding mechanism for driving the sealing box and the graded polishing mechanism to approach or move away from the gear connecting seat is installed on one side of the workbench, and a linear reciprocating driving member for driving the graded polishing mechanism to perform reciprocating polishing motion is installed in the sealing box;

[0007] The graded grinding mechanism is mainly composed of a lifting plate, a coarse grinding rack, a medium grinding rack, a fine grinding rack, and two straight rails parallel to each other, the two straight rails are fixedly installed on one side of the sealing box, the back side of the lifting plate is lifted and installed on the two straight rails on one side of the sealing box, the coarse grinding rack is fixedly installed on one side of the lifting plate, the medium grinding rack is contacted and connected to one side of the lifting plate, the fine grinding rack is contacted and connected to one side of the medium grinding rack, the medium grinding rack is arranged between the coarse grinding rack and the fine grinding rack, an inclined rail is arranged between the back side of the medium grinding rack and the lifting plate, and between the back side of the fine grinding rack and the lifting plate, the inclined rail is fixedly connected to the lifting plate, a guide inclined surface is arranged on one side of the inclined rail, and the back sides of the medium grinding rack and the fine grinding rack are respectively slidably installed on the guide inclined surfaces on one side of the two inclined rails;

[0008] Two micro motors are fixedly installed on the top of the lifting plate, and the output end of the rotor in the micro motor is connected to a second worm gear self-locking reducer, the second worm gear self-locking reducer and the lifting plate are fixedly connected, and the output shaft of the second worm gear self-locking reducer is coaxially connected with a screw, and the lower ends of the two screws are respectively threadedly connected to the intermediate grinding rack and the precision grinding rack.

[0009] Preferably, the gear connecting seat is composed of a connecting shell, a waterproof shell, a first guide cylinder, and a second guide cylinder coaxially connected from top to bottom, the lower end of the second guide cylinder is vertically connected to the upper left side of the workbench, the inner wall of the first guide cylinder is coaxially lifted and installed on the outer periphery of the upper end of the second guide cylinder, the lower end of the waterproof shell is fixedly connected to the top of the first guide cylinder, the lower end of the connecting shell is fixedly connected to the top of the waterproof shell, a stepper motor is fixedly installed in the waterproof shell, a first turbine-worm self-locking reducer is fixedly installed in the connecting shell, the output end of the rotor in the stepper motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the input shaft in the first turbine-worm self-locking reducer through a coupling, a three-claw cylinder is also coaxially rotatably connected in the connecting shell, the first turbine-worm self-locking reducer is installed below the three-claw cylinder, and the output shaft of the first turbine-worm self-locking reducer is coaxially fixedly connected to the cylinder body in the three-claw cylinder through a coupling.

[0010] Preferably, the three claws in the three-claw cylinder are output upward, and the outer walls of the three claws are provided with clamping slopes that gradually tilt outward from bottom to top. A hydraulic cylinder is coaxially installed in the first guide cylinder and the second guide cylinder. The lower end of the cylinder body in the hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixed on the workbench, and the top end of the piston rod in the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top end of the first guide cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, two mutually parallel micro electric push cylinders are fixedly installed on the back of the lifting plate, two second circular holes are arranged at the lower end of the lifting plate, the two inclined rails are respectively provided with first circular holes which are interconnected with the two second circular holes on the lifting plate, a plurality of positioning holes are arranged on the back of the intermediate grinding rack and the fine grinding rack, and the push rods in the two micro electric push cylinders are respectively telescoped through the second circular holes and the first circular holes to be positioned and engaged in the positioning holes on the back of the intermediate grinding rack and the fine grinding rack.

[0012] Preferably, a rack cleaning mechanism is installed on the outer periphery of the upper end of one side of the sealing box connected to the graded grinding mechanism, and the rack cleaning mechanism is mainly composed of a connecting frame, a magnet and a sponge. The connecting frame is fixedly installed on one side of the sealing box, the magnet is fixedly installed in the inner frame of the connecting frame, the sponge is fitted on one side of the magnet, and one side of the sponge is fitted with the outer walls of the coarse grinding rack, the medium grinding rack and the fine grinding rack in the graded grinding mechanism.

[0013] Preferably, the linear reciprocating drive component is mainly composed of a servo motor, a rotating rod, and a transmission rod. The servo motor is fixedly installed in a sealed box. The output end of the rotor in the servo motor is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod through a coupling, the other end of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to one end of the transmission rod, and the other end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the back center of the lifting plate.

[0014] Preferably, the feeding mechanism is mainly composed of a servo electric push cylinder, the servo electric push cylinder is horizontally arranged, the cylinder body in the servo electric push cylinder is fixedly connected to the workbench, and the end of the push rod in the servo electric push cylinder is fixedly connected to the sealing box.

[0015] Preferably, the feeding mechanism also includes four inner hole guide cylinders and four guide columns. The four inner hole guide cylinders are fixedly connected to the workbench, the four guide columns are fixedly connected to the sealing box, and the four guide columns are telescopically installed in the four inner hole guide cylinders respectively.

[0016] Preferably, a plurality of pulleys are symmetrically installed on both sides of the back surface of the upper and lower ends of the lifting plate, and the plurality of pulleys are respectively rollingly installed in two straight rails, and the lifting plate is lifted and installed on the two straight rails on one side of the sealing box through the plurality of pulleys.

[0017] Preferably, baffles are fixedly mounted on the upper and lower ends of the two lifting plates.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. Advantages of high-precision graded grinding:

[0020] 1.1. Precise grinding process control: The graded grinding mechanism of the present invention realizes an efficient operation process of sequentially rough grinding, intermediate grinding and fine grinding of the gear tooth groove through a unique structural design; in the rough grinding stage, the rough grinding rack can perform preliminary grinding on the tooth groove at a specific pressure and speed to remove most of the excess, provide a good basic profile for subsequent intermediate grinding and fine grinding, and avoid tooth surface damage and precision loss caused by one-time excessive grinding; in the intermediate grinding process, the intermediate grinding rack is accurately moved to the appropriate position according to the preset process parameters, and the rough-ground tooth groove is further finely ground to correct the surface roughness and shape errors that may be caused by the rough grinding, so that the size of the tooth groove is The precision and surface quality are significantly improved; in the fine grinding stage, the fine grinding rack can perform the final ultra-precision grinding on the tooth groove with its high-precision positioning and motion control, which can reduce the roughness of the tooth surface to an extremely low level and meet the strict requirements of high-precision gears on the tooth surface quality; this sequential progressive grinding method, compared with the traditional single grinding process, can more accurately control the dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy and surface roughness of the tooth groove, greatly improve the overall processing accuracy of the gear, effectively reduce the waviness and tooth shape error of the tooth surface, ensure the stability and accuracy of the gear during the transmission process, reduce the generation of vibration and noise, and improve the service life and working performance of the gear.

[0021] 1.2. Efficient rack switching and coordination: During the grinding process, the switching and movement of each rack are accurate and efficient; the coordination between the coarse grinding, medium grinding and fine grinding racks is closely coordinated, and the position adjustment and switching of the racks can be achieved quickly and accurately through precision transmission components such as ramps and screws, avoiding the error accumulation and inefficiency caused by multiple clamping and replacement of grinding tools in the traditional grinding process; for example, the movement of the medium grinding rack and the fine grinding rack on the lifting plate is achieved by the micro-motor driving the second worm self-locking reducer and the screw, and its position adjustment accuracy can reach ±0.05mm, ensuring that the racks can be accurately aligned with the tooth grooves at different grinding stages, realizing seamless grinding operations, improving grinding quality and production efficiency, and better meeting the processing requirements of high-precision gears; at the same time, the design of the graded grinding mechanism enables the coarse, medium and fine grinding processes to be completed on the same equipment, reducing the number of times the gears are transported and clamped between different equipment, further reducing the introduction of errors in the processing process, and improving the processing efficiency and stability of precision.

[0022] 1.3. Optimized grinding force distribution: The structural design of the graded grinding mechanism can optimize the distribution of grinding force on the tooth groove surface; racks at different stages can reasonably control the size and direction of the grinding force according to the machining allowance and precision requirements of the tooth groove by adjusting the output torque of the motor and the feed speed of the rack; during rough grinding, a larger grinding force is used to quickly remove the allowance; during medium grinding, the grinding force is appropriately reduced to improve the surface flatness; during fine grinding, a smaller and uniform grinding force is used to obtain high-quality tooth surfaces; this grinding force optimization according to process requirements helps to improve the machining accuracy and surface quality of the tooth groove, reduce defects such as tooth surface burns and cracks caused by uneven grinding force, and ensure the mechanical properties and reliability of the gear.

[0023] 2. Innovative rack cleaning function:

[0024] The rack cleaning mechanism on the sealing box is an innovative structure designed to address the shortcomings of traditional gear grinding machines. In the prior art, when the gear tooth grooves are ground, although the grinding liquid is sprayed to wash away most of the debris, there are still many tiny debris attached to the grinding end face of the rack, affecting the grinding accuracy. The rack cleaning mechanism of the present invention absorbs the sponge wiper through the magnet in the connecting frame. Each time the rack in the graded grinding mechanism moves upward, its outer wall will be wiped by the sponge wiper, which can attract the debris adsorbed on the grinding end face of the rack to the sponge wiper, thereby effectively maintaining the cleanliness of the rack, ensuring continuous and efficient grinding, and improving the service life and grinding quality of the rack. This is a function that traditional gear grinding machines do not have, further enhancing the advantages and competitiveness of the present invention in practical applications.

[0025] 3. Efficient and reliable clamping:

[0026] The three claws on the three-claw cylinder in the gear connecting seat are output upward, and the clamping slope arranged on the outer wall and gradually tilted outward from bottom to top can quickly and stably clamp the center hole of the gear to be polished, and quickly clamp and press the gear down to the upper surface of the connecting shell. Compared with the traditional clamping method, the operation is simpler and faster, and the clamping accuracy and stability are higher, which effectively reduces the shaking and displacement of the gear during the grinding process, and improves the grinding quality and safety; the traditional clamping device may have problems such as loose clamping and inaccurate positioning, which affects the normal progress of the subsequent grinding process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The overall structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 The overall structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of

[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the graded grinding mechanism in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the graded grinding mechanism and the linear reciprocating drive member in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 It is the explosion of the graded grinding mechanism in the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 8 It is the explosion of the graded grinding mechanism in the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0035] Fig. 9 The present invention Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of

[0036] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the linear reciprocating drive member in the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: 1. workbench; 2. gear connecting seat; 201. connecting shell; 202. waterproof shell; 203. first guide cylinder; 204. second guide cylinder; 205. stepping motor; 206. first worm self-locking reducer; 207. three-claw cylinder; 208. claw head; 209. clamping inclined surface; 210. hydraulic cylinder; 3. graded grinding mechanism; 301. lifting plate; 302. coarse grinding rack; 303. medium grinding rack; 304. fine grinding rack; 305. baffle; 306. straight rail; 307. pulley; 308. inclined rail; 309, guide slope; 310, micro motor; 311, second worm gear self-locking reducer; 312, screw; 313, positioning hole; 314, first circular hole; 315, second circular hole; 316, micro electric push cylinder; 4, sealing box; 5, feeding mechanism; 501, guide column; 502, inner hole guide cylinder; 503, servo electric push cylinder; 6, rack cleaning mechanism; 601, connecting frame; 602, magnet; 603, sponge; 7, linear reciprocating drive member; 701, servo motor; 702, rotating rod; 703, transfer rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0039] like Figure 1-Figure 10As shown, a CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear processing includes a workbench 1, and a gear connecting seat 2 is installed on the upper side of one side of the workbench 1 for clamping and connecting the gears to be ground and driving the connected gears to rotate and switch the angle with high precision.

[0040] It should be introduced that a gear grinding machine body is arranged on the periphery of the workbench 1, and a numerical control system with the ability to coordinate automated processing flows in the prior art is arranged in the gear grinding machine body. A motor driver and a programmable logic controller are arranged in the numerical control system. The numerical control system integrates advanced programmable logic controller functions and can automatically coordinate the action sequence and time intervals of each execution component according to a pre-compiled processing program. For example, after completing the rough grinding of a tooth groove, the numerical control system will automatically control the stepper motor 205 to rotate to the next tooth groove position, and at the same time adjust the states of the servo motor 701 and the micro motor 310 to prepare for the intermediate grinding operation. The entire process does not require human intervention, which greatly improves the processing efficiency and the stability of precision, and reduces the processing errors caused by human factors.

[0041] refer to Figure 1-Figure 4The gear connecting seat 2 is formed by coaxially connecting a connecting shell 201, a waterproof shell 202, a first guide cylinder 203, and a second guide cylinder 204 from top to bottom. The lower end of the second guide cylinder 204 is vertically connected to the upper left side of the workbench 1. The inner wall of the first guide cylinder 203 is coaxially lifted and installed on the outer periphery of the upper end of the second guide cylinder 204. The lower end of the waterproof shell 202 is fixedly connected to the top of the first guide cylinder 203. The lower end of the connecting shell 201 is fixedly connected to the top of the waterproof shell 202. The stepper motor 205 is fixedly installed in the waterproof housing 202, and the first worm self-locking reducer 206 is fixedly installed in the connecting housing 201. The output end of the rotor in the stepper motor 205 is coaxially fixedly connected to the input shaft of the first worm self-locking reducer 206 through a coupling. The connecting housing 201 is also coaxially connected to a three-claw cylinder 207. The first worm self-locking reducer 206 is installed below the three-claw cylinder 207, and the first worm self-locking reducer The output shaft of 206 is coaxially fixedly connected with the cylinder body of the three-claw cylinder 207 through a coupling. In the design of the gear connecting seat 2, high-precision bearings and shaft system structures are used to ensure that the coaxiality error between the connecting shell 201, the waterproof shell 202, the first guide cylinder 203 and the second guide cylinder 204 is controlled within a very small range, generally not exceeding ±0.005mm. This high-precision coaxiality ensures the stability and accuracy of the stepping motor 205 and the first worm self-locking reducer 206 when driving the three-claw cylinder 207 to rotate, and reduces the angular error caused by the shaking of the shaft system. The first worm self-locking reducer 206 itself has high transmission accuracy and self-locking performance, and its backlash is controlled within a very small range, usually not exceeding ±0.003°. This high-precision transmission characteristic enables the rotation angle of the stepping motor 205 to be accurately transmitted to the three-claw cylinder 207, thereby ensuring the angular accuracy of the gear connecting seat 2 in the process of driving the gear to rotate and switch the angle;

[0042] For the stepper motor 205, the numerical control system accurately controls the rotation angle of its rotor through a preset pulse signal, so that the gear connector 2 drives the gear to perform high-precision rotation and switching angle actions. Before processing, the operator can input the corresponding rotation angle instructions on the operation interface of the numerical control system according to the parameters such as the number of teeth, module and tooth shape of the gear to be polished. The numerical control system converts these instructions into precise pulse sequences and sends them to the motor driver in the numerical control system, thereby driving the stepper motor 205 to rotate at a specific angle increment to ensure that the gear can accurately align each tooth groove with the graded polishing mechanism 3 in turn. The angle control accuracy can reach ±0.01°. This high-precision control capability ensures the angle positioning accuracy of the gear during the polishing process, laying the foundation for subsequent precise polishing.

[0043] refer to Figure 4The three-claw cylinder 207 is preferably a three-claw parallel cylinder of MHS3-63D in the prior art. The three claw heads 208 in the three-claw cylinder 207 are output upward for quickly clamping and connecting the center hole of the gear to be polished, and the outer walls of the three claw heads 208 in the three-claw cylinder 207 are provided with clamping inclined surfaces 209 which are gradually inclined outward from bottom to top. When the three claw heads 208 in the three-claw cylinder 207 expand outward at the same time, the clamping inclined surfaces 209 on the outer sides of the claw heads 208 are used to quickly clamp and press the gears down and connect them to the upper surface of the connecting shell 201. The upper surface of the connecting shell 201 is smoothly and flatly arranged. A hydraulic cylinder 210 is coaxially installed in the first guide cylinder 203 and the second guide cylinder 204. The lower end of the cylinder body in the hydraulic cylinder 210 is vertically fixedly installed on the workbench 1, and the top end of the piston rod in the hydraulic cylinder 210 is fixedly connected to the top end of the first guide cylinder 203.

[0044] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 A sealing box 4 is horizontally installed on the other side of the workbench 1, and a graded grinding mechanism 3 is installed on the left side of the sealing box 4. The graded grinding mechanism 3 is mainly composed of a lifting plate 301, a coarse grinding rack 302, a medium grinding rack 303, a fine grinding rack 304, two baffles 305, and two parallel straight rails 306. The two straight rails 306 are fixedly installed on one side of the sealing box 4. A plurality of pulleys 307 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the back of the upper and lower ends of the lifting plate 301. The plurality of pulleys 307 are respectively rolled and installed in the two straight rails 306. The lifting plate 301 is lifted and installed on the two straight rails 306 on one side of the sealing box 4 through the plurality of pulleys 307. The coarse grinding rack 302 is fixedly installed on one side of the lifting plate 301, and the medium grinding rack 303 is contacted and connected to the lifting plate 3 01, the fine grinding rack 304 is in contact with one side of the medium grinding rack 303, the medium grinding rack 303 is arranged between the coarse grinding rack 302 and the fine grinding rack 304, an inclined rail 308 is arranged between the back of the medium grinding rack 303 and the lifting plate 301, and between the back of the fine grinding rack 304 and the lifting plate 301, the inclined rail 308 is fixedly connected to the lifting plate 301, and a guide inclined surface 309 is arranged on one side of the inclined rail 308, the backs of the medium grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 are respectively slidably mounted on the guide inclined surfaces 309 on one side of the two inclined rails 308, and two baffles 305 are respectively fixedly mounted on the upper and lower ends of the lifting plate 301, and the baffle 305 is mainly used to block the gap between the two straight rails 306 to prevent the debris generated by grinding from entering the sealing box 4;

[0045] The lifting and lowering movement of the lifting plate 301 is achieved by the straight rail 306 and the pulley 307 installed on one side of the sealing box 4. The straight rail 306 is made of high-precision hardened steel and is precisely ground. The surface flatness and straightness errors are controlled within ±0.02mm. The pulley 307 is made of high-strength wear-resistant material and is equipped with high-precision bearings to ensure flexibility and stability during the lifting process. In addition, rubber buffer pads are installed at the upper and lower ends of the lifting plate 301. When the lifting plate 301 reaches the extreme position, the rubber buffer pad can effectively absorb the motion energy and avoid position deviation caused by collision. In the CNC system, through the precise control of the linear reciprocating drive member 7 that drives the lifting plate 301 to move, combined with the feedback signal of the displacement sensor installed on the lifting plate 301, high-precision control of the lifting position of the lifting plate 301 is achieved, and its positioning accuracy can reach ±0.05mm, which meets the requirements of the graded grinding mechanism 3 for precise grinding at different heights.

[0046] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 Two micro motors 310 are fixedly installed on the top of the lifting plate 301. The output end of the rotor in the micro motor 310 is connected to a second worm gear self-locking reducer 311. The second worm gear self-locking reducer 311 and the lifting plate 301 are fixedly connected. The output shaft of the second worm gear self-locking reducer 311 is coaxially connected to a screw 312. The lower ends of the two screws 312 are respectively threadedly connected to the medium grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304;

[0047] The control of the micro motor 310 is realized by an independent channel of the numerical control system. By precisely controlling its output torque and speed, it drives the second worm self-locking reducer 311 and the screw 312 to achieve precise position adjustment of the intermediate grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304. The numerical control system automatically controls the operation of the micro motor 310 at different grinding stages according to the preset tooth groove processing parameters to ensure that the intermediate grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 can be accurately moved to the predetermined working position. The position adjustment accuracy can reach ±0.05mm, which provides a strong guarantee for the hierarchical high-precision grinding of gears.

[0048] It should be noted that in order to further improve the angle accuracy, an angle error compensation algorithm is also integrated into the CNC system. The algorithm uses a high-precision angle encoder to accurately measure the actual rotation angle of the gear connector 2 before processing, and compares it with the preset theoretical angle value to calculate the angle error value. In the subsequent processing process, the CNC system adjusts the pulse signal sent to the stepper motor 205 in real time according to this error value, and compensates the angle to ensure that the angle accuracy of the gear when each tooth groove is ground can meet the requirements of high-precision processing.

[0049] refer to Figure 8 Two parallel micro electric push cylinders 316 are fixedly installed on the back of the lifting plate 301, and two second circular holes 315 are arranged at the lower end of the lifting plate 301. The two inclined rails 308 are respectively provided with first circular holes 314 which are interconnected with the two second circular holes 315 on the lifting plate 301. A plurality of positioning holes 313 are arranged on the back of the intermediate grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304. The push rods in the two micro electric push cylinders 316 are respectively telescoped through the second circular holes 315 and the first circular holes 314 to be positioned and engaged in the positioning holes 313 on the back of the intermediate grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304, so as to limit the positions of the intermediate grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 on the lifting plate 301.

[0050] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A feeding mechanism 5 is installed on one side of the workbench 1 for driving the sealing box 4 and the graded grinding mechanism 3 to move closer to or away from the gear connecting seat 2. The feeding mechanism 5 is mainly composed of a servo electric push cylinder 503, four inner hole guide cylinders 502, and four guide columns 501 which are parallel to each other. The servo electric push cylinder 503 is horizontally arranged, and the cylinder body and the four inner hole guide cylinders 502 in the servo electric push cylinder 503 are fixedly connected to the workbench 1. The ends of the push rods in the servo electric push cylinder 503 and the four guide columns 501 are fixedly connected to the sealing box 4. The four guide columns 501 are telescopically installed in the four inner hole guide cylinders 502 respectively. The horizontal movement of the sealing box 4 is coordinated by the servo electric push cylinder 503, the inner hole guide cylinder 502, and the guide columns 501 in the feeding mechanism 5. The inner hole guide cylinder 502 and the guide column 501 adopt high-precision linear guide pairs, and the matching clearance is finely ground and adjusted to ensure that the straightness and parallelism errors during the movement do not exceed ±0.03mm / m. The push rod of the servo electric push cylinder 503 is rigidly connected to the sealing box 4, and the accuracy and stability of the connection are ensured by high-precision positioning pins and mounting planes to avoid looseness and displacement deviation during the movement. At the same time, the position control of the servo electric push cylinder 503 in the numerical control system adopts a high-precision grating ruler as a feedback element to monitor the actual position of the sealing box 4 in real time, and accurately adjust it through a closed-loop control algorithm, so that the horizontal positioning accuracy of the sealing box 4 can reach within ±0.05mm;

[0051] For the servo electric push cylinder 503, the CNC system monitors and adjusts the extension length of its push rod in real time through the built-in position control algorithm, so as to accurately control the position of the sealing box 4 and the graded grinding mechanism 3 close to or away from the gear connecting seat 2. In the CNC system, the ideal position parameters of the sealing box 4 are pre-set. When grinding is required during the gear processing process, the CNC system accurately calculates and controls the action of the servo electric push cylinder 503 according to the preset program, so that the graded grinding mechanism 3 can accurately cooperate with the gear tooth groove. The position control accuracy can reach ±0.05mm, which effectively ensures the relative position accuracy between the components during the grinding process.

[0052] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Fig.10 A linear reciprocating drive member 7 is installed in the sealed box 4. The linear reciprocating drive member 7 is mainly composed of a servo motor 701, a rotating rod 702, and a transmission rod 703. The servo motor 701 is fixedly installed in the sealed box 4. The output end of the rotor in the servo motor 701 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod 702 through a coupling. The other end of the rotating rod 702 is rotatably connected to one end of the transmission rod 703. The other end of the transmission rod 703 is rotatably connected to the back center of the lifting plate 301.

[0053] For the servo motor 701, the CNC system uses closed-loop control technology, combined with the high-precision encoder feedback signal installed on the rotating rod 702 or the transfer rod 703, to accurately control its rotation speed and rotation angle, thereby achieving precise control of the up and down reciprocating motion of the lifting plate 301 and the grinding rack thereon. The speed control accuracy can reach ±5r / min, and the stroke control accuracy can reach ±0.1mm. This high-precision motion control capability ensures the stability and consistency of the grinding process.

[0054] refer to Fig. 9 The upper periphery of the graded grinding mechanism 3 on the sealing box 4 is connected with a rack cleaning mechanism 6, which is mainly composed of a connecting frame 601, a magnet 602 and a sponge 603. The connecting frame 601 is fixedly installed on one side of the sealing box 4, the magnet 602 is fixedly installed in the inner frame of the connecting frame 601, the sponge 603 is fitted on one side of the magnet 602, and one side of the sponge 603 and the outer walls of the coarse grinding rack 302, the medium grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 in the graded grinding mechanism 3 are mutually embedded.

[0055] In this embodiment, the present invention utilizes the gear connecting seat 2 set on the left side of the workbench 1 to quickly clamp and connect the gears that need to be polished. It only needs to align the center hole of the gear to be polished with the three retracted claws 208 on the three-claw cylinder 207 at the top of the gear connecting seat 2, press down on the outer periphery of the claws 208, and press the lower surface of the gear to be polished on the upper surface of the connecting shell 201. The concentric outward expansion of the three claws 208 on the three-claw cylinder 207 in the prior art is utilized, and the clamping inclined surfaces 209 set on the outer sides of the three claws 208 are used to quickly clamp the above-mentioned connected gears, and then the rotor output end of the stepping motor 205 in the gear connecting seat 2 cooperates with the first worm self-locking reducer 206 to drive the three-claw cylinder 207 and the gears connected thereto to cut at a preset angle. The rotation is mainly used to rotate the tooth grooves of the gear to be polished in sequence to align with the graded polishing mechanism 3 set at the right end of the workbench 1, so that the three tooth grooves on the right side of the gear are respectively aligned with the coarse grinding rack 302, the medium grinding rack 303, and the fine grinding rack 304 in the graded polishing mechanism 3, and polish them in sequence. The worm gear with a self-locking function meshing connection in the above-mentioned first worm gear self-locking reducer 206 is mainly used for the output end of the rotor in the stepper motor 205 to drive the upper three-claw cylinder 207 to rotate, while the upper three-claw cylinder 207 cannot drive the rotor in the stepper motor 205 to rotate through the first worm gear self-locking reducer 206. The hydraulic cylinder 210 in the gear connecting seat 2 is mainly used to adjust the height of the gear connecting seat 2, and generally there is no need to adjust the height of the gear connecting seat 2;

[0056] After the gear to be polished is clamped and connected to the left side of the workbench 1 through the gear connecting seat 2, the feeding mechanism 5 arranged on the right side of the workbench 1 can push the graded polishing mechanism 3 on the left side of the sealing box 4 to align and move to the three tooth grooves on the right side of the gear, so as to fit the coarse grinding rack 302, the medium grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 in the graded polishing mechanism 3 in a horizontal position with the three tooth grooves on the right side of the gear to be polished, respectively. At this time, the lower ends of the coarse grinding rack 302, the medium grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 in the graded polishing mechanism 3 are driven to rise above the gear to be polished by the linear reciprocating drive member 7, and then driven by the two micro motors 310 and the two second worm self-locking reducers 311 in the graded polishing mechanism 3. The two screw rods 312 are driven to rotate, and the intermediate grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 are tilted and moved upward along the guide inclined surfaces 309 on the two inclined rails 308 respectively, and the left grinding end surfaces of the intermediate grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 are moved to the right, not exceeding the grinding end surface of the left side of the rough grinding rack 302, and then the output of the rotor output end of the servo motor 701 in the linear reciprocating drive member 7, in conjunction with the transmission of the rotating rod 702 and the transmission rod 703, is used to drive the rough grinding rack 302, the intermediate grinding rack 303, and the fine grinding rack 304 on the lifting plate 301 to reciprocate up and down, mainly used to drive the rough grinding rack 302 to perform up and down grinding movement on the tooth groove on the right side of the required grinding gear, and then cooperate with the rotor of the stepping motor 205 in the gear connecting seat 2, through The first worm gear self-locking reducer 206 and the three-claw cylinder 207 drive the gear to be polished to rotate clockwise by a preset angle, and switch the tooth grooves to be polished in turn until the second tooth groove on the gear to be polished is polished. Then, the stepper motor 205 drives the gear to be polished to reset, and then turns left by an angle of a tooth groove, aligning the middle grinding rack 303 with the first tooth groove polished by the rough grinding rack 302, and then the micro motor 310 above the middle grinding rack 303, the second worm gear self-locking reducer 311, and the screw 312 drive the middle grinding rack 303, and move the middle grinding rack 303 downward and leftward along the guide inclined surface 309 on the back inclined rail 308, and move the polished end surface on the left side of the middle grinding rack 303 to the left to be set at the middle grinding position. , and the micro electric push cylinder 316 arranged on the back of the lifting plate 301 extends the push rod in the micro electric push cylinder 316 outward and fits and squeezes it into the positioning hole 313 on the back of the intermediate grinding rack 303 to limit the movement of the intermediate grinding rack 303, and then the linear reciprocating drive member 7 drives the rough grinding rack 302 and the intermediate grinding rack 303 to perform up and down grinding movements. After the intermediate grinding rack 303 grinds a tooth groove, the rotor in the stepping motor 205 drives the required grinding gear to rotate a tooth groove angle clockwise, so that the fine grinding rack 304 is aligned with the first tooth groove completed by the intermediate grinding, and then the fine grinding rack 304 is driven by the micro motor 310 above the fine grinding rack 304, the second worm self-locking reducer 311, and the screw 312.The fine grinding rack 304 is tilted downward and moved to the left along the guide inclined surface 309 on the back inclined rail 308, and the grinding end surface on the left side of the fine grinding rack 304 is moved to the left to be set at the fine grinding position, and then the rough grinding rack 302, the medium grinding rack 303, and the fine grinding rack 304 are driven by the linear reciprocating drive member 7 to perform up and down grinding movements, and the three adjacent tooth grooves on the required grinding gear are respectively rough-grinded, medium-grinded, and fine-grinded, and the stepping motor 205 switches the tooth grooves of the upper required grinding gear in sequence.

[0057] It should be noted that in the prior art, a pipe and a nozzle for spraying grinding liquid are arranged above the position of the gear tooth groove, which are not shown in the drawings of this article. While the gear tooth groove is being polished, although the grinding liquid can be sprayed to wash away most of the debris, there are still many tiny debris attached to the polishing end faces of the rough grinding rack 302, the medium grinding rack 303, and the fine grinding rack 304, which will affect the polishing effect of the rough grinding rack 302, the medium grinding rack 303, and the fine grinding rack 304. For this reason, this article has a peripheral portion at the upper end of the graded polishing mechanism 3 on one side of the sealing box 4. A rack cleaning mechanism 6 is provided. Each time after the coarse grinding rack 302, the medium grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 in the graded grinding mechanism 3 move upward, the outer walls of the coarse grinding rack 302, the medium grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 will be wiped by a sponge 603 provided in the inner frame of the connecting frame 601. The sponge 603 can attract the debris adsorbed on the grinding end surfaces of the coarse grinding rack 302, the medium grinding rack 303 and the fine grinding rack 304 to the sponge 603 through the magnet 602. The sponge 603 needs to be replaced or cleaned regularly.

[0058] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear processing, comprising a workbench (1) and a gear connecting seat (2) for clamping and connecting the gears to be ground and driving the connected gears to perform high-precision rotation switching angles, characterized in that: It also comprises a graded grinding mechanism (3), the gear connecting seat (2) is installed above one side of the workbench (1), a sealing box (4) is installed horizontally and movably above the other side of the workbench (1), the graded grinding mechanism (3) is installed on one side of the sealing box (4), a feeding mechanism (5) for driving the sealing box (4) and the graded grinding mechanism (3) to approach or move away from the gear connecting seat (2) is installed on one side of the workbench (1), and a linear reciprocating driving member (7) for driving the graded grinding mechanism (3) to perform reciprocating grinding motion is installed in the sealing box (4); The graded grinding mechanism (3) is mainly composed of a lifting plate (301), a coarse grinding rack (302), a medium grinding rack (303), a fine grinding rack (304) and two mutually parallel straight rails (306), wherein the two straight rails (306) are fixedly installed on one side of the sealing box (4), the back side of the lifting plate (301) is lifted and installed on the two straight rails (306) on one side of the sealing box (4), the coarse grinding rack (302) is fixedly installed on one side of the lifting plate (301), the medium grinding rack (303) is contact-connected to one side of the lifting plate (301), and the fine grinding rack (304) is contact-connected to the medium grinding rack. The intermediate grinding rack (303) is disposed on one side of the coarse grinding rack (302) and the fine grinding rack (304). An inclined rail (308) is disposed between the back side of the intermediate grinding rack (303) and the lifting plate (301), and between the back side of the fine grinding rack (304) and the lifting plate (301). The inclined rail (308) is fixedly connected to the lifting plate (301). A guiding inclined surface (309) is disposed on one side of the inclined rail (308). The back sides of the intermediate grinding rack (303) and the fine grinding rack (304) are respectively slidably mounted on the guiding inclined surfaces (309) on one side of the two inclined rails (308). Two micro motors (310) are fixedly mounted on the top of the lifting plate (301); the output end of the rotor in the micro motor (310) is connected to a second worm gear self-locking reducer (311); the second worm gear self-locking reducer (311) and the lifting plate (301) are fixedly connected; the output shaft of the second worm gear self-locking reducer (311) is coaxially connected to a screw (312); the lower ends of the two screws (312) are respectively threadedly connected to the intermediate grinding rack (303) and the precision grinding rack (304).

2. The CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear connecting seat (2) is formed by coaxially connecting a connecting shell (201), a waterproof outer shell (202), a first guide cylinder (203), and a second guide cylinder (204) in sequence from top to bottom. The lower end of the second guide cylinder (204) is vertically connected to the upper left side of the workbench (1). The inner wall of the first guide cylinder (203) is coaxially mounted on the outer periphery of the upper end of the second guide cylinder (204). The lower end of the waterproof outer shell (202) is fixedly connected to the top of the first guide cylinder (203). The lower end of the connecting shell (201) is fixedly connected to the top of the waterproof outer shell (202). The inner wall of the waterproof outer shell (202) is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the upper end of the second guide cylinder (204). A stepper motor (205) is installed, and a first worm gear self-locking reducer (206) is fixedly installed in the connecting shell (201). The output end of the rotor in the stepper motor (205) is coaxially fixedly connected to the input shaft in the first worm gear self-locking reducer (206) through a coupling. A three-claw cylinder (207) is also coaxially rotatably connected in the connecting shell (201). The first worm gear self-locking reducer (206) is installed below the three-claw cylinder (207), and the output shaft of the first worm gear self-locking reducer (206) is coaxially fixedly connected to the cylinder body in the three-claw cylinder (207) through a coupling.

3. The CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The three claw heads (208) in the three-claw cylinder (207) are output upward, and the outer walls of the three claw heads (208) are provided with clamping inclined surfaces (209) that gradually tilt outward from bottom to top. A hydraulic cylinder (210) is coaxially installed in the first guide cylinder (203) and the second guide cylinder (204). The lower end of the cylinder body in the hydraulic cylinder (210) is vertically fixedly installed on the workbench (1), and the top end of the piston rod in the hydraulic cylinder (210) is fixedly connected to the top end of the first guide cylinder (203).

4. The CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two mutually parallel micro electric push cylinders (316) are fixedly installed on the back of the lifting plate (301); two second circular holes (315) are arranged at the lower end of the lifting plate (301); the two inclined rails (308) are respectively provided with first circular holes (314) which are interconnected with the two second circular holes (315) on the lifting plate (301); a plurality of positioning holes (313) are arranged on the back of the intermediate grinding rack (303) and the fine grinding rack (304); the push rods in the two micro electric push cylinders (316) are respectively extended and passed through the second circular holes (315) and the first circular holes (314) to be positioned and engaged in the positioning holes (313) on the back of the intermediate grinding rack (303) and the fine grinding rack (304).

5. The CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rack cleaning mechanism (6) is installed on the outer periphery of the upper end of one side of the sealing box (4) connected to the graded grinding mechanism (3). The rack cleaning mechanism (6) is mainly composed of a connecting frame (601), a magnet (602) and a sponge (603). The connecting frame (601) is fixedly installed on one side of the sealing box (4), the magnet (602) is fixedly installed in the inner frame of the connecting frame (601), the sponge (603) is fitted on one side of the magnet (602), and one side of the sponge (603) is fitted with the outer walls of the coarse grinding rack (302), the medium grinding rack (303) and the fine grinding rack (304) in the graded grinding mechanism (3).

6. The CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linear reciprocating drive member (7) is mainly composed of a servo motor (701), a rotating rod (702), and a transmission rod (703). The servo motor (701) is fixedly installed in the sealing box (4). The output end of the rotor in the servo motor (701) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod (702) through a coupling. The other end of the rotating rod (702) is rotatably connected to one end of the transmission rod (703). The other end of the transmission rod (703) is rotatably connected to the back center of the lifting plate (301).

7. The CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (5) is mainly composed of a servo electric push cylinder (503), which is arranged horizontally. The cylinder body in the servo electric push cylinder (503) is fixedly connected to the workbench (1), and the end of the push rod in the servo electric push cylinder (503) is fixedly connected to the sealing box (4).

8. The CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining according to claim 7, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (5) further comprises four inner hole guide cylinders (502) and four guide columns (501); the four inner hole guide cylinders (502) are all fixedly connected to the workbench (1); the four guide columns (501) are all fixedly connected to the sealing box (4); and the four guide columns (501) are respectively telescopically installed in the four inner hole guide cylinders (502).

9. The CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of pulleys (307) are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the back surface of the upper and lower ends of the lifting plate (301), and the plurality of pulleys (307) are respectively rotatably mounted in two straight rails (306). The lifting plate (301) is lifted and mounted on the two straight rails (306) on one side of the sealing box (4) via the plurality of pulleys (307).

10. The CNC gear grinding machine for high-precision gear machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: Baffles (305) are fixedly mounted on the upper and lower ends of the two lifting plates (301).

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