Nitrogen fertilizer synergist and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a nitrogen fertilizer synergist and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15-40% of a nitrification inhibitor, 5-10% of butyl dihydrojasmonate, 1-5% of a soil loosening agent, 30-50% of a dispersing aid, 5-10% of an anti-caking agent, 0.1-5% of a trace element fertilizer and 0-5% of nutritional ingredients. According to the nitrogen fertilizer synergist disclosed by the invention, by adding the dihydro jasmonic acid butyl ester, the dispersity of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist can be improved, the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, the growth of plants is promoted, the stress resistance of the plants is improved, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist also has double functions of delaying nitrogen conversion and promoting nitrogen absorption, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen is further improved, and the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is relatively good in flowability and can be applied to the field of agricultural production. The nitrification inhibitor is stable in high-temperature and low-temperature environments, is convenient to use, can be directly used for particle spraying or adding of fertilizer, and solves the problem that nitrification inhibitors such as DMPP can only be used after being dissolved by special solvents.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a nitrogen fertilizer synergist and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers. Background Art

[0002] Data show that since 2007, domestic fertilizer production and consumption have reached a balance, after which fertilizer supply has exceeded demand.

[0003] Fertilizers contribute up to 40-50% to the growth of crop yields in my country. Unscientific fertilization and blindly applying large amounts of fertilizers in pursuit of yields have led to a rapid increase in fertilizer application, but grain output has not increased rapidly accordingly. This has caused many problems, including waste of resources, environmental pollution, and a decline in the quality of agricultural products.

[0004] In 2015, in order to alleviate soil pollution and promote sustainable agricultural development, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "Action Plan for Zero Growth in Fertilizer Use by 2020". The plan indicates that by 2020, my country will strive to achieve zero growth in fertilizer use for major crops. This requires upgrading traditional fertilizers, improving fertilizer quality and increasing application efficiency. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers, it is of great significance to apply nitrogen fertilizer synergists to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a nitrogen fertilizer synergist that can be directly sprayed or added to fertilizers to delay nitrogen conversion and promote nitrogen absorption, thereby improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: A nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following raw materials in mass fractions: 15-40% of a nitrification inhibitor, 5-10% of butyl dihydrojasmonate, 1-5% of a soil loosening agent, 30-50% of a dispersing aid, 5-10% of an anti-caking agent, 0.1-5% of a trace element fertilizer, and 0-5% of a nutrient component.

[0007] Furthermore, the nitrification inhibitor is one or both of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and dicyandiamide. The nitrification inhibitor can delay the nitrification process of ammonium nitrogen by inhibiting the activity of nitrifying bacteria in the soil, effectively reducing the generation and loss of nitrate nitrogen, and improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation method of the butyl dihydrojasmonate is as follows: jasmonic acid and n-butanol are mixed evenly, a catalyst is added, the mixture is stirred evenly and heated to 60-150° C., the mixture is reacted for 4-16 hours, and then filtered or rectified by vacuum distillation to obtain high-purity butyl dihydrojasmonate. As an oily material, butyl dihydrojasmonate can well replace water, improve the dispersibility of nitrogen fertilizer synergists, and improve the utilization rate of fertilizers. Moreover, butyl dihydrojasmonate can enter the plant body and activate the jasmonic acid pathway of the plant, thereby improving the stress resistance of the plant and promoting the growth of the plant.

[0009] Furthermore, the ratio of dihydrojasmonic acid to n-butanol is (3-30) g: (10-100) mL, and the mass ratio of dihydrojasmonic acid to catalyst is (6-60): (1-2).

[0010] Furthermore, the catalyst is a potassium salt, including potassium pyrophosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium formate, potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate, and potassium chloride.

[0011] Furthermore, the purity of the butyl dihydrojasmonate is 95-100%. Butyl dihydrojasmonate has a high boiling point and is insoluble in water. Butyl dihydrojasmonate and water can be separated by simple distillation to obtain high-concentration butyl dihydrojasmonate.

[0012] Furthermore, the heating temperature is 60-100°C.

[0013] Furthermore, the soil loosening agent is one or more of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate or sodium alginate.

[0014] Furthermore, the total content of the dispersing aid and the anti-caking agent in the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is less than 60%.

[0015] Furthermore, the dispersing aid is one or more of sodium lignin sulfonate, sodium hydroxymethylcellulose, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol or emulsifiable concentrate. The dispersing aid can make the nitrification inhibitor, trace elements and other components in liquid suspension, which helps to evenly disperse the components.

[0016] Furthermore, the anti-caking agent is one or more of silicone oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, talcum powder, bentonite, diatomaceous earth or white carbon black.

[0017] Furthermore, the trace element fertilizer is a fertilizer containing chelated trace elements; the trace elements are one or more of zinc, iron, copper, manganese or boron; the chelating agent for the chelated trace elements is one of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediaminedihydroxyphenylacetic acid (EDDHA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), citric acid, lignin sulfonate, amino acid, fulvic acid or alginic acid.

[0018] Furthermore, the nutrient component is a plant growth regulator or a biostimulant; the biostimulant is one or more of humic acid, amino acid, alginic acid extract, chitosan and its derivatives.

[0019] Furthermore, the application of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is as follows: when used in solid granular fertilizers, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles containing ammonium nitrogen or amide nitrogen, or after the fertilizer particle products containing ammonium nitrogen or amide nitrogen are granulated, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is added externally by spraying using equipment so that the nitrogen fertilizer synergist adheres to the surface of the particles; when used in solid water-soluble fertilizers or liquid fertilizers containing ammonium nitrogen, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is evenly added to the solid water-soluble fertilizer or liquid water-soluble fertilizer by stirring.

[0020] Furthermore, the fertilizer containing ammonium nitrogen includes urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride or a compound fertilizer containing urea and ammonium nitrogen.

[0021] Furthermore, the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist added to the solid granular fertilizer is 2-5 kg / t; the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist added to the solid water-soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer containing ammonium nitrogen is 2-10 kg / t.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The nitrogen fertilizer synergist of the present invention has good fluidity, is relatively stable in high and low temperature environments, is easy to use, and can be directly used for fertilizer particle spraying or addition, thereby solving the problem that nitrification inhibitors such as DMPP need to be dissolved in special solvents before use.

[0023] (2) The present invention can improve the dispersibility of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist by adding butyl dihydrojasmonate, thereby improving the fertilizer efficiency, promoting plant growth, and improving the plant's resistance to stress.

[0024] (3) The nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared by the present invention contains a high content of nitrification inhibitors, and is added with a variety of effective ingredients such as trace elements, soil loosening agents, and biostimulants. It has the dual functions of delaying nitrogen conversion and promoting nitrogen absorption, further improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen. Traditional nitrification inhibitors have a low content and a single function and can only act on nitrifying bacteria in the soil.

[0025] (4) The use of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist of the present invention will not cause corrosion to production equipment. The solvents used in traditional nitrification inhibitors are highly corrosive or toxic, which can easily corrode equipment or cause harm. The raw materials selected are neutral and non-toxic raw materials, which are completely biodegradable and will not cause environmental pollution problems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1It is the liquid chromatogram of jasmonic acid, methyl dihydrojasmonate, propyl dihydrojasmonate, and butyl dihydrojasmonate; Figure 2 It is a liquid chromatogram of butyl dihydrojasmonate prepared by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Example 1 A nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following raw materials in mass fractions: 40% DMPP, 5% butyl dihydrojasmonate, 1% polyacrylamide, 40% sodium lignin sulfonate, 5% corn oil, 3% amino acid, 0.5% fertilizer containing chelated trace element Zn, and 2% humic acid.

[0028] Application of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist: spray the nitrogen fertilizer synergist onto the surface of urea particles at 2 kg / t, mix for about 2 minutes and then package.

[0029] Example 2 A nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following raw materials in mass fractions: 30% DMPP, 8% butyl dihydrojasmonate, 2% sodium polyacrylate, 50% sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 5% bentonite, 2% humic acid, 0.5% fertilizer containing chelated trace element Zn, and 2% alginate extract.

[0030] Application of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist: spray the nitrogen fertilizer synergist onto the surface of ammonium sulfate particles at 4 kg / t, mix for about 2 minutes and then package.

[0031] Example 3 A nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following raw materials in mass fractions: 35% of DMPP, 5% of butyl dihydrojasmonate, 2% of sodium alginate, 45% of polyethylene glycol, 5% of talcum powder, 0.5% of a fertilizer containing chelated trace element Fe, 0.5% of a fertilizer containing chelated trace element Zn, and 3% of humic acid.

[0032] Application of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist: Spray the nitrogen fertilizer synergist onto the surface of diammonium phosphate particles at 5 kg / t, mix for about 2 minutes and then package.

[0033] Example 4 A nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following raw materials in mass fractions: 40% DMPP, 5% butyl dihydrojasmonate, 2% polyacrylamide, 45% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 5% rapeseed oil, 0.1% fertilizer containing chelated trace element Zn, 1% amino acid, and 2% humic acid.

[0034] Application of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist: Add the nitrogen fertilizer synergist into the water-soluble fertilizer raw material mixing equipment at 2 kg / t, mix for about 2 minutes and then package.

[0035] Example 5 A nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following raw materials in mass fractions: 20% DMPP, 10% butyl dihydrojasmonate, 2% sodium alginate, 50% emulsifiable concentrate, 10% diatomaceous earth, 0.1% fertilizer containing chelated trace element Zn, and 2% chitosan.

[0036] Application of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist: Add the nitrogen fertilizer synergist into the liquid fertilizer mixing reactor at 5 kg / t, mix with the raw materials for about 20 minutes, and then fill it.

[0037] Comparative Example 1 A nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following raw materials in mass fractions: 40% DMPP, 1% polyacrylamide, 40% sodium lignin sulfonate, 5% corn oil, 3% amino acid, 0.5% fertilizer containing chelated trace element Zn, and 2% humic acid.

[0038] Application of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist: spray the nitrogen fertilizer synergist onto the surface of urea particles at 2 kg / t, mix for about 2 minutes and then package.

[0039] Experimental Example 1 A potted wheat experiment was conducted to verify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer synergists on nitrogen utilization efficiency of fertilizers by measuring their effects on wheat nitrogen absorption and soil nitrogen.

[0040] The test soil is brown soil, the wheat variety is Jimai 22, and the experiment has four treatments, each treatment is repeated four times, 10 kg of soil per pot, the soil layer of each pot is about 60 cm, and 8 wheat seeds are sown in each pot. The four treatments are a control group without fertilization treatment, treatment group 1 with ordinary 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, treatment group 2 with 15-15-15 compound fertilizer enhanced by traditional nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), and treatment group 3 with 15-15-15 compound fertilizer enhanced by new nitrogen fertilizer synergist (Example 1). The fertilization amount of the three treatment groups is the same (nitrogen application amount is about 11.25 kg / mu), and the DMPP amount in treatment group 2 and the nitrogen fertilizer synergist amount in treatment group 3 are the same. The four treatments use the same farmland management for sowing, watering, fertilization (different fertilizers), and harvesting. The specific experimental design is shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1. Potted wheat experiment design (1) Effects of different fertilization treatments on residual nitrogen in soil After wheat was harvested, the nitrogen residue in the soil of each pot was measured, and the results are listed in Table 2.

[0042] Table 2. Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nitrate nitrogen As can be seen from Table 2, the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil increased significantly after fertilization, and the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil was the highest when ordinary 15-15-15 compound fertilizer was applied. Treatment Group 2 used 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with DMPP added for synergistic effect, and its soil nitrate nitrogen content was significantly lower than that in Treatment Group 1. Treatment Group 3 applied 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with nitrogen fertilizer synergist added for synergistic effect, and its soil nitrate nitrogen content was the lowest, which was more than 50% lower than the soil nitrate nitrogen residue in Treatment Group 1 and more than 24% lower than the soil nitrate nitrogen residue in Treatment Group 2. This shows that the nitrogen fertilizer synergist of the present invention can further reduce the residual nitrate nitrogen in the soil compared with ordinary nitrification inhibitors, thereby improving nitrogen utilization.

[0043] (2) Effects of different fertilization treatments on nitrogen uptake by potted wheat After wheat harvest, the biomass of the aboveground part of each wheat plant was measured and the nitrogen content of the plant was measured, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency was calculated. Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate = (nitrogen absorption of plants in the nitrogen application area - nitrogen absorption of plants in the non-nitrogen application area) / nitrogen application amount × 100%. The results are listed in Table 3.

[0044] Table 3. Effects of different fertilization treatments on nitrogen uptake by aboveground parts of plants and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in the season As can be seen from Table 3, since fertilization can significantly promote wheat biomass and yield, the nitrogen absorption of wheat plants in treatment groups 1-3 has increased. The addition of traditional nitrification inhibitors to treatment group 2 and the addition of nitrogen fertilizer synergists to treatment group 3 can significantly improve the fertilizer utilization rate of wheat in the current season. Among them, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of treatment group 2 using compound fertilizers treated with traditional nitrification inhibitors is 31.8% higher than that of treatment group 1. Treatment group 3 uses nitrogen fertilizer synergists, and its nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is the highest, which is 68.2% higher than that of treatment group 1 and 10.6% higher than that of treatment group 2. It shows that the nitrogen fertilizer synergist of the present invention can significantly accelerate nitrogen absorption and accumulation and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the current season.

[0045] Experimental Example 2 A potted wheat test was conducted to verify the effect of butyl dihydrojasmonate on nitrogen utilization efficiency of fertilizers by measuring the effects of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist of Example 1 and the nitrogen fertilizer synergist of Comparative Example 1 on the nitrogen absorption of wheat and soil nitrogen. Treatment Group 1 was treated with ordinary 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, Treatment Group 2 was treated with ordinary 15-15-15 compound fertilizer + nitrogen fertilizer synergist of Comparative Example 1, and Treatment Group 3 was treated with ordinary 15-15-15 compound fertilizer + nitrogen fertilizer synergist of Example 1. The experimental method was the same as that of Experimental Example 1, and the test results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

[0046] Table 4. Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nitrate nitrogen As can be seen from Table 4, treatment group 2 added the nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared in comparative example 1, which did not contain butyl dihydrojasmonate, and the effect of improving the fertilizer utilization rate of wheat in the season was not obvious. Treatment group 3 added the nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared in Example 1, which contained butyl dihydrojasmonate, and significantly improved the fertilizer utilization rate of wheat in the season, indicating that the nitrogen fertilizer synergist of the present invention with the addition of butyl dihydrojasmonate can significantly accelerate the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the season.

[0047] Table 5. Effects of different fertilization treatments on nitrogen uptake by aboveground parts of plants and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in the season As can be seen from Table 5, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared in Comparative Example 1 was added to Treatment Group 2, which did not contain butyl dihydrojasmonate, and the effect of improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was not obvious. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared in Example 1 was added to Treatment Group 3, which contained butyl dihydrojasmonate and could significantly improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. This shows that the nitrogen fertilizer synergist of the present invention can significantly accelerate the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the season.

[0048] Experimental Example 3 A potted corn plant test was used to determine the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth of corn plants, wherein treatment group 1 was treated with ordinary 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, treatment group 2 was treated with ordinary 15-15-15 compound fertilizer + nitrogen fertilizer synergist of comparative example 1, and treatment group 3 was treated with ordinary 15-15-15 compound fertilizer + nitrogen fertilizer synergist of example 1. The experimental method was the same as that of experimental example 1, and the test results are shown in Table 6.

[0049] Table 6. Effects of different fertilization treatments on corn plant growth As can be seen from Table 6, compared with treatment group 1 in which ordinary 15-15-15 compound fertilizer was applied, treatment group 2 added the nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared in comparative example 1, which did not contain butyl dihydrojasmonate, and had a better promoting effect on corn plant height and aboveground fresh weight. Treatment group 3 added the nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared in Example 1, which contained butyl dihydrojasmonate, which could significantly increase corn plant height and aboveground fresh weight, and promote corn yield and income increase.

[0050] Experimental Example 4 Jasmonic acid, methyl dihydrojasmonate, propyl dihydrojasmonate and butyl dihydrojasmonate were mixed to obtain a mixed solution, and the mixed solution was subjected to liquid chromatography test. The test results are shown in the attached Figure 1 .

[0051] The butyl dihydrojasmonate prepared by the present invention was subjected to liquid chromatography test to detect its purity. The test results are shown in the attached Figure 2 .

[0052] The detection method is as follows: accurately weigh 0.1 g (accurate to 0.0002 g) of the test sample, place it in a 25 mL volumetric flask, add the mobile phase for ultrasonic dissolution, adjust the volume after cooling to room temperature, shake well, and use a stainless steel chromatographic column filled with C18 and a UV detector to separate and determine the dihydrobutyl jasmonate in the sample by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography.

[0053] The detection conditions were as follows: mobile phase: methanol + water = 95 + 5 (V / V); flow rate: 0.4 mL / min; detection wavelength: 295 nm; injection volume: 10 µL.

[0054] By the attached Figure 1 It can be seen that the peak time of jasmonic acid is 8.45min, the peak time of methyl dihydrojasmonate is 10.16min, the peak time of propyl dihydrojasmonate is 12.777min, and the peak time of butyl dihydrojasmonate is 14087min; Figure 2 It can be seen that the purity of butyl dihydrojasmonate prepared by the present invention is as high as 99.4%. It can be seen that the present invention successfully prepares butyl dihydrojasmonate with high purity.

Claims

1. A nitrogen fertilizer synergist, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in mass fractions: 15-40% of nitrification inhibitor, 5-10% of butyl dihydrojasmonate, 1-5% of soil loosening agent, 30-50% of dispersing aid, 5-10% of anti-caking agent, 0.1-5% of trace element fertilizer and 0-5% of nutrient component.

2. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrification inhibitor is one or both of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and dicyandiamide.

3. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purity of the butyl dihydrojasmonate is 95-100%.

4. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil loosening agent is one or more of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate or sodium alginate.

5. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total content of the dispersing aid and the anti-caking agent in the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is less than 60%.

6. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trace element fertilizer is a fertilizer containing chelated trace elements; the trace elements are one or more of zinc, iron, copper, manganese or boron; the chelating agent for chelating the trace elements is one of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminedihydroxyphenylacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, citric acid, lignin sulfonate, amino acid, fulvic acid or alginic acid.

7. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient component is a plant growth regulator or a biostimulant; the biostimulant is one or more of humic acid, amino acid, alginic acid extract, chitosan and its derivatives.

8. An application of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application method is as follows: when used for solid granular fertilizers, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles containing ammonium nitrogen or amide nitrogen, or after the fertilizer particle products containing ammonium nitrogen or amide nitrogen are granulated, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is added externally by spraying using equipment, so that the nitrogen fertilizer synergist adheres to the particle surface; when used for solid water-soluble fertilizers or liquid fertilizers containing ammonium nitrogen, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is evenly added to the solid water-soluble fertilizer or the liquid water-soluble fertilizer by stirring.

9. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ammonium nitrogen-containing fertilizer includes urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride or a compound fertilizer containing urea and ammonium nitrogen.

10. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to claim 8, characterized in that: The amount of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist added to the solid granular fertilizer is 2-5 kg / t; the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist added to the solid water-soluble fertilizer or liquid fertilizer containing ammonium nitrogen is 2-10 kg / t.

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