Shallow water surface sediment sampler and sampling construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a shallow water surface sediment sampler and a sampling construction method, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. Comprising a collecting cylinder and a collector which are detachably connected, the collecting cylinder is of a hollow cylindrical structure with an opening in the lower portion, a handle is installed on the upper portion of the collecting cylinder, the lower portion of the collecting cylinder is connected with the collector, and scales are arranged on the outer wall of the collecting cylinder; a collecting pipe is arranged in the middle of the collector, and the lower portion of the collector is connected with the collecting pipe through a closing-in structure. The bottom mud sampling device is high in sampling efficiency, low in cost, time-saving and labor-saving, small in disturbance on bottom mud and influence on the environment, applicable to hard or thick bottom mud and wide in application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and in particular to a shallow water surface layer sediment sampler and a sampling construction method. Background Art

[0002] Bottom mud is usually a mixture of clay, silt, organic matter and various minerals. It is formed by long-term physical, chemical, biological and other effects and the deposition at the bottom of the water body through water transmission. Bottom mud within 15 cm thickness from the surface of the bottom mud is called surface bottom mud. Bottom mud is an important component of water bodies. It is rich in a large amount of organic and inorganic matter, which has an important impact on the quality of water environment. By sampling and analyzing the bottom mud, we can understand the distribution and concentration of pollutants in the water body, and provide important data for environmental monitoring. For the bottom mud in different areas, it is necessary to select the appropriate sampling tools.

[0003] Shallow surface sediments are usually within a few centimeters to tens of centimeters from the water surface. At present, surface sediment sampling is mainly carried out by grabbing. The grab sampler mainly uses the device's own gravity to partially sink into the sediment, and then pulls the grab bucket through the cable to obtain the sediment sample. The grab sampler is relatively bulky, occupies a large space, and it is difficult to control the sampling depth. It is difficult for one person to complete it independently, and the efficiency is low. In addition, the sampling of the grab sampler will also cause a large disturbance to the sediment, which is not conducive to the subsequent analysis and processing of the sediment samples.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a shallow water surface sediment sampler and sampling construction method to improve the shortcomings of traditional sediment sampling in the existing technology, such as complex operation, low efficiency, and large disturbance. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a shallow water surface sediment sampler and a sampling construction method to solve the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a shallow water surface sediment sampler, comprising a detachably connected collecting tube and a collector; the collecting tube is a hollow cylindrical structure with an opening at the bottom, a handle is installed at the top of the collecting tube, the bottom of the collecting tube is connected to the collector, and a scale is provided on the outer wall of the collecting tube; a collecting tube is provided in the middle of the collector, and the bottom of the collector is connected to the collecting tube through a closing structure.

[0007] Furthermore, a through hole is provided at the upper center position of the collecting tube; a disc is slidably provided inside the collecting tube; the handle is a T-shaped structure consisting of a horizontal rod and a vertical rod, the vertical rod of the handle is inserted into the through hole, and the bottom of the vertical rod of the handle is fixedly connected to the disc.

[0008] Furthermore, a protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the collecting tube, and the protrusion is a three-layer structure consisting of two layers of first protrusions and one layer of second protrusion, the second protrusion is fixedly arranged between the two layers of first protrusions, and the outer contour edge of the second protrusion protrudes from the outer contour edge of the first protrusion; the edge of the disc is provided with a second notch that matches the first protrusion and a first notch that matches the second protrusion.

[0009] Furthermore, a plurality of protrusions are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the collecting tube along the length direction.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of protrusions are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the collecting tube in the circumferential direction, the number of the second notches and the number of the first notches are the same as the number of the protrusions in the circumferential direction and correspond one to one, and the plurality of second notches and the plurality of first notches are evenly and staggered.

[0011] Furthermore, a mounting portion is provided at the lower portion of the collecting tube, which is screwed or clamped to the collector. The collecting tube has a length of 15 cm to 20 cm and a diameter of 6 cm to 7 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, a cutting edge is provided at the lower portion of the collection tube.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper portion of the collection tube is at the same height as the collector.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of first drainage holes are arranged on the outer wall of the collecting tube, and a plurality of second drainage holes are arranged on the outer wall of the collector.

[0015] The present invention also provides a shallow sediment sampling construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Firmly install the above-mentioned shallow water surface sediment sampler;

[0017] S2. Determine the sampling area, place the sampler vertically, rotate the handle to align the second notch of the disc with the protrusion, push the handle downward, so that the disc can overlap the protrusion on the inner wall of the collection tube through the second notch; press the handle to make the sampler go deep into the bottom mud; the sampling depth can be determined according to the scale on the outer wall of the collection tube, and at the same time, the disc can be overlapped on protrusions of different heights by rotating the handle to meet the force requirements of different depths;

[0018] S3. When sampling, if the sampler is stuck in the bottom mud and it is inconvenient to apply force, you can directly rotate the handle to drive the entire sampler to rotate, and then apply force to the sampler;

[0019] S4. When sampling is finished and the sampler needs to be taken out, the handle can be pulled up, rotated, and pushed down to allow the first notch of the disk to pass smoothly through the protrusion, and then the handle is rotated and pulled up to allow the second notch of the disk to fit with the first boss under the protrusion, and the sampler can be taken out by holding the handle tightly and pulling it up;

[0020] S5. When taking out the sample sediment, remove the collector and pour the sample sediment from the collector and the collection tube to the designated sample storage place;

[0021] S6. After sampling is completed and the samples are stored properly, rinse the sampler with water and wipe off the moisture; store and organize the disassembled devices to reduce wear and loss.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention is simple to operate, has high sampling efficiency, is scientifically configured, is convenient to exert force, and can be operated by one person; it has few components, low cost, and is easy to carry and store. During the sampling process of the present invention, the disturbance to the bottom mud is small, and the impact on the environment is small. For some bottom muds with relatively hard texture, the sampler of the present invention is also applicable, and has good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of a shallow water surface sediment sampler of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the interior of a shallow water surface sediment sampler according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a disc of a shallow water surface sediment sampler.

[0027] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of a convex structure of a shallow water surface sediment sampler according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a collector of a shallow water surface sediment sampler.

[0029] Among them, 1-handle; 2-marking line; 3-collection tube; 4-first drainage hole; 5-collector; 6-collection tube; 7-disc; 8-protrusion; 9-installation part; 10-second drainage hole; 701-first notch; 702-second notch; 801-first boss; 802-second boss. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose and effect, the technical means and structures adopted by the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings for the features and functions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a shallow water surface sediment sampler, including a collection tube 3 and a collector 5; the length of the collection tube 3 is 15cm-20cm, and the diameter is 6cm-7cm; the collection tube 3 is a hollow cylindrical structure with an opening at the bottom, and a handle 1 is installed at the upper part of the collection tube 3, and a mounting part 9 is provided at the lower part of the collection tube 3, which is screwed or clamped with the collector 5 through the mounting part 9. By setting a detachable manner, the collector 5 can be opened or removed to facilitate the removal of sediment samples, and the removed collector 5 can be stored separately to reduce wear and loss; The outer wall of the collecting tube 3 is provided with a scale to facilitate the control of the sampling depth; a collecting tube 6 is provided in the middle of the collector 5, and the lower part of the collector 5 is connected to the collecting tube 6 through a closing structure; the lower part of the collecting tube 6 is processed with a cutting edge to form an annular knife body structure, which is convenient for inserting into the bottom mud for sampling; the upper part of the collecting tube 6 is at the same height as the collector 5; a plurality of first drainage holes 4 are provided on the outer wall of the collecting tube 3, and a plurality of second drainage holes 10 are provided on the outer wall of the collector 5; the function of the drainage holes is to discharge the moisture in the collecting tube 3 and the collector 5 after the sampling is completed.

[0032] In another embodiment, a through hole is provided at the center of the upper portion of the collection tube 3; a disc 7 is slidably provided in the collection tube 3; the handle 1 is a T-shaped structure consisting of a horizontal rod and a vertical rod, the vertical rod of the handle 1 is inserted into the through hole, and the bottom of the vertical rod of the handle 1 is fixedly connected to the disc 7. By pushing the handle 1, the disc 7 is driven to move downward, and the sediment sample in the collection tube 3 is taken out.

[0033] In another embodiment, a protrusion 8 is provided on the inner wall of the collection tube 3. The protrusion 8 is a three-layer structure consisting of two layers of first protrusions 801 and one layer of second protrusion 802. The second protrusion 802 is fixedly arranged between the two layers of first protrusions 801, and the outer contour edge of the second protrusion 802 protrudes from the outer contour edge of the first protrusion 801. The edge of the disk 7 is provided with a second notch 702 adapted to the first protrusion 801 and a first notch 701 adapted to the second protrusion 802. As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of protrusions 8 are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the collection tube 3 along the length direction so as to operate at different heights. As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of protrusions 8 are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the collection tube 3 along the circumferential direction. The number of the second notches 702 and the number of the first notches 701 are the same as the number of the protrusions 8 in the circumferential direction, and correspond one to one. The plurality of second notches 702 and the plurality of first notches 701 are evenly arranged in an alternating manner so as to increase the force-bearing area and improve the force-bearing stability.

[0034] In this embodiment, three protrusions 8 are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the collection tube 3 along the length direction, and two protrusions 8 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction. The edge of the disk 7 is provided with two second notches 702 and two first notches 701, and the second notches 702 and the first notches 701 are staggered at 90 degrees. The upper surface of the collection tube 3 is engraved with a marking line 2, which is parallel to the axis of the protrusion 8, and the crossbar of the handle 1 is parallel to the opening direction of the first notch 701. The disk 7 can work with the protrusion 8 to control the sampling force and direction. Specifically, when the collection tube 6 is embedded downward into the bottom mud for sampling, the cross bar of the handle 1 is rotated to a position perpendicular to the marking line 2. At this time, the second notch 702 on the disc 7 is opposite to the protrusion 8, and the disc 7 can be placed downward on the protrusion 8 so that the lower part of the disc 7 fits against the second boss 802 of the protrusion 8, and the second notch 702 of the disc 7 is spliced ​​with the first boss 801 located above the second boss 802. When the handle 1 is pushed downward, the sampler can be driven downward together, so that deeper bottom mud can be obtained. When the bottom mud is taken and the sampling device is ready to be pulled out, the handle 1 can be slightly lifted to remove the sampler. The cross bar of hand 1 is rotated to be parallel to the marking line 2. At this time, the first notch 701 on the disk 7 is opposite to the protrusion 8. Then press down the handle 1, and the first notch 701 on the disk 7 can pass through the protrusion 8 smoothly. Then rotate the cross bar of the handle 1 to be perpendicular to the direction of the marking line 2. At this time, the second notch 702 on the disk 7 is opposite to the protrusion 8. Pull the handle 1 upward to make the upper part of the disk 7 fit under the second boss 802 of the protrusion 8, and the second notch 702 of the disk 7 is spliced ​​with the first boss 801 located under the second boss 802. Then lift the handle 1 to drive the entire sampler to move upward together.

[0035] During the sampling process, not only can the up and down movement of the entire sampler be controlled, but the rotation of the sampling device can also be controlled through the splicing action between the notch and the protrusion. By adjusting the disk 7 to make it contact with the protrusions 8 at different heights, it is more convenient to exert force and it can avoid the sampler being stuck in the bottom mud or difficult to dig.

[0036] The present invention also provides a shallow water surface sediment sampling construction method, the detailed steps are as follows:

[0037] S1. Before sampling, ensure that the sampler is clean and free of residual soil, and firmly connect the sampler 5 to the collection tube 3 through the mounting portion 9 at the bottom of the collection tube 3.

[0038] S2. When sampling, determine the sampling area, make the collection tube 6 at the bottom of the sampler 5 contact the bottom mud surface, rotate the handle 1 to make the handle 1 perpendicular to the marking line 2, push the handle 1 downward, and the disc 7 inside the collection tube 3 can overlap the protrusion 8 on the inner wall of the collection tube 3 through the second notch 702. Specifically, the second notch 702 overlaps the second boss 802, and the second notch 702 fits tightly with the first boss 801. Press the handle 1 to make the sampler go deep into the bottom mud, and the sampling depth can be determined according to the scale on the outer wall of the collection tube 3. At the same time, you can lift the handle 1 first and then rotate and move the handle 1 up and down to make the disc 7 overlap the protrusions 8 at different heights to meet the force requirements of different depths.

[0039] S3, when sampling, the bottom mud enters the collector 5 through the collection tube 6, and as the depth increases, the bottom mud will fill the collector 5 and enter the collection tube 3. When the sampler is stuck in the bottom mud and it is inconvenient to exert force, the second notch 702 on the disc 7 and the first boss 801 can be used to directly rotate the handle 1 to drive the entire sampler to rotate, and then exert force on the sampler.

[0040] S4. When sampling is finished and the sampler needs to be taken out, the handle 1 can be pulled up, rotated 90°, and pushed down to allow the first notch 701 of the disk 7 to pass smoothly through the protrusion 8. The handle 1 is then rotated 90° and pulled up to allow the second notch 702 of the disk 7 to fit with the first boss 801 under the protrusion 8. The sampler can be taken out by holding the handle 1 tightly and lifting it up.

[0041] S5. When taking out the sample sediment, the collector 5 is removed, and the sample sediment can be poured out from the collector 5 and the collecting tube 3 to a designated sample storage place.

[0042] S6. After sampling is completed and the samples are stored, rinse the inner wall and outer side of the collection tube 3 and the collector 5 with water to ensure that there is no mud sample inside the sampler and the drainage hole, and wipe off the water. Store and organize the disassembled collector 5 and collection tube 3 to reduce wear and tear.

[0043] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a shallow water surface sediment sampling device, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. Simple operation and high sampling efficiency: The humanized design of the present invention makes the operation process simple and fast, and a single person can easily complete the operation. The scientific and reasonable structural design greatly improves the sampling efficiency and meets the needs of fast sampling.

[0045] 2. Fewer components, low cost, easy to carry and store: The present invention uses a small number of components, which reduces the production cost, and makes the device light, easy to carry and store, and suitable for sampling work in various environments. Disassembly design, easy to clean and store: The disassembly device of the present invention makes cleaning and storage more convenient and prolongs the service life of the equipment.

[0046] 3. Little disturbance to the bottom mud and little impact on the environment: During the sampling process, the present invention causes little disturbance to the bottom mud, which is beneficial to protecting the original state of the bottom mud and reducing the impact on the environment.

[0047] 4. Applicable to a variety of sampling situations: The sampler in the present invention is not only suitable for soft sediment, but also can easily cope with hard sediment, allowing the operator to control the rotation of the sampling device through the splicing effect between the notch and the protrusion, making the sampling process smoother. By adjusting the contact between the disc 7 and the protrusions 8 of different heights, the operator can exert force more conveniently, effectively avoiding the problem of the sampler getting stuck in the sediment or being difficult to dig. It has good applicability and broad application prospects.

[0048] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Anyone should be aware that any structural changes made under the inspiration of the present invention, and any technical solutions that are the same or similar to the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shallow water surface sediment sampler, characterized in that: It comprises a detachably connected collecting tube and a collector; the collecting tube is a hollow cylindrical structure with an opening at the bottom, a handle is installed at the top of the collecting tube, the bottom of the collecting tube is connected to the collector, and a scale is arranged on the outer wall of the collecting tube; a collecting tube is arranged in the middle of the collector, and the bottom of the collector is connected to the collecting tube through a closing structure.

2. A shallow water surface sediment sampler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A through hole is provided at the center position of the upper part of the collecting tube; a disc is slidably provided inside the collecting tube; the handle is a T-shaped structure consisting of a horizontal rod and a vertical rod, the vertical rod of the handle is inserted into the through hole, and the bottom of the vertical rod of the handle is fixedly connected to the disc.

3. A shallow water surface sediment sampler as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A protrusion is arranged on the inner wall of the collecting tube, and the protrusion is a three-layer structure consisting of two layers of first protrusions and one layer of second protrusion. The second protrusion is fixedly arranged between the two layers of first protrusions, and the outer contour edge of the second protrusion protrudes from the outer contour edge of the first protrusion; the edge of the disc is provided with a second notch matched with the first protrusion and a first notch matched with the second protrusion.

4. A shallow water surface sediment sampler as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of protrusions are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the collecting tube along the length direction.

5. A shallow water surface sediment sampler as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of protrusions are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the collecting tube in the circumferential direction, the number of the second notches and the number of the first notches are the same as the number of the protrusions in the circumferential direction and correspond one to one, and the plurality of second notches and the plurality of first notches are evenly arranged in an alternating manner.

6. A shallow water surface sediment sampler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the collecting tube is provided with a mounting part, which is screwed or clamped with the collector through the mounting part; the length of the collecting tube is 15cm to 20cm, and the diameter is 6cm to 7cm.

7. A shallow water surface sediment sampler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the collecting tube is provided with a cutting edge.

8. A shallow water surface sediment sampler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the collecting tube is at the same height as the collector.

9. A shallow water surface sediment sampler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of first drainage holes are arranged on the outer wall of the collecting tube, and a plurality of second drainage holes are arranged on the outer wall of the collecting container.

10. A shallow sediment sampling construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Firmly install a shallow water surface sediment sampler as described in any one of claims 4 to 9; S2. Determine the sampling area, place the sampler vertically, rotate the handle to align the second notch of the disc with the protrusion, push the handle downward, so that the disc can overlap the protrusion on the inner wall of the collection tube through the second notch; press the handle to make the sampler go deep into the bottom mud; the sampling depth can be determined according to the scale on the outer wall of the collection tube, and at the same time, the disc can be overlapped on protrusions of different heights by rotating the handle to meet the force requirements of different depths; S3. When sampling, if the sampler is stuck in the bottom mud and it is inconvenient to apply force, you can directly rotate the handle to drive the entire sampler to rotate, and then apply force to the sampler; S4. When sampling is finished and the sampler needs to be taken out, the handle can be pulled up, rotated, and pushed down to allow the first notch of the disk to pass smoothly through the protrusion, and then the handle is rotated and pulled up to allow the second notch of the disk to fit with the first boss under the protrusion, and the sampler can be taken out by holding the handle tightly and pulling it up; S5. When taking out the sample sediment, remove the collector and pour the sample sediment from the collector and the collection tube to the designated sample storage place; S6. After sampling is completed and the samples are stored properly, rinse the sampler with water and wipe off the moisture; store and organize the disassembled devices to reduce wear and loss.

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