Communication power supply lightning stroke counting method and device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a lightning stroke counting method and device for a communication power supply. The lightning stroke counting method comprises the following steps: generating a plurality of sequential pulses for a plurality of ADCs in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC); sequentially starting a plurality of ADCs to sample the lightning stroke voltage and the lightning stroke current according to the plurality of sequential pulses; and the plurality of ADCs output the sampling signals in sequence so as to complete lightning stroke counting of the communication power supply. According to the invention, the problem that the local lightning stroke frequency and the real working condition of the lightning protection device cannot be clearly and accurately known in the prior art is solved, and the effects of accurately counting the lightning stroke frequency and mastering the real working condition of the lightning protection device are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and device for counting lightning strikes of a communications power supply. Background Art

[0002] For communication rooms, lightning protection systems generally include external lightning protection systems and internal lightning protection systems. The external lightning protection system includes grounding devices such as lightning arresters, conductors that guide current to the ground, and grounding bodies buried underground. The internal lightning protection system is a corresponding setting to prevent damage caused by lightning and surges intruding into powered equipment, including special equipment settings such as equipotential connection, surge protectors, AC and DC power lightning arresters, signal lightning arresters, and antenna lightning arresters. Taking the power lightning arrester as an example, according to the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard of zoned lightning protection and multi-level protection theory, the first-level lightning arrester (B-level lightning arrester) is deployed on the main distribution cabinet in the computer room building to discharge the high-energy lightning current on the power supply line; the second-level lightning arrester (C-level lightning arrester) is deployed on the branch distribution cabinet to discharge the current again and reduce the residual pressure; the third-level lightning arrester (D-level lightning arrester) is deployed at the front end of important equipment to further discharge and reduce the voltage, protecting the safety of the equipment port and the internal high-precision integrated circuits. Obviously, the working condition and timely maintenance of lightning arresters at all levels are the key to ensuring the safe operation of the system. The industry usually uses lightning strike counters to match lightning arresters to record and count the number of lightning strikes on the lightning arrester, which is an important basis for operation and maintenance personnel to conduct targeted inspections of lightning arresters.

[0003] At present, all kinds of communication power supply lightning strike counters on the market simply record the number and time of lightning strikes as a basic reference for lightning arrester performance detection and life judgment. Since key operating parameters such as the number of repeated impacts, time, and discharge energy during the lightning strike process are not accurately recorded, it is impossible to clearly and accurately understand the local lightning strike frequency, grasp the actual working conditions of the lightning protection device, and provide an important basis for lightning arrester inspection. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present invention provide a communication power supply lightning strike counting method and device, so as to at least solve the problem in the related art that it is impossible to clearly and accurately understand the local lightning strike frequency and grasp the actual working condition of the lightning protection device.

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for counting lightning strikes of a communication power supply is provided, comprising: generating a plurality of sequential pulses for a plurality of analog-to-digital converters ADC in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter TIADC; sequentially starting a plurality of the ADCs to sample lightning voltage and lightning current according to the plurality of sequential pulses; and the plurality of ADCs sequentially outputting the sampling signals to complete the counting of lightning strikes of the communication power supply.

[0006] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a communication power supply lightning strike counting device is provided, comprising: a microprocessor, a beat generator, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter TIADC, wherein the microprocessor is used to generate a high-frequency clock; the beat generator is used to generate a plurality of sequential pulses for a plurality of analog-to-digital converters ADC in the TIADC according to the high-frequency clock; the voltage sensor is used to collect lightning strike voltage and condition the lightning strike voltage; the current sensor is used to collect lightning strike current and condition the lightning strike current; the TIADC is used to sequentially start a plurality of the ADCs to sample the lightning strike voltage and the lightning strike current according to a plurality of the sequential pulses.

[0007] The present invention provides a method for counting lightning strikes of a communication power supply, wherein multiple sequential pulses are generated for multiple ADCs in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC); multiple ADCs are sequentially started to sample lightning strike voltage and lightning strike current according to the multiple sequential pulses; and multiple ADCs sequentially output the sampled signals to complete the counting of lightning strikes of the communication power supply. The problem that the local lightning strike frequency cannot be clearly and accurately understood and the real working condition of the lightning protection device cannot be grasped in the related art is solved, and the effect of accurately counting the lightning strike frequency and grasping the real working condition of the lightning protection device is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 It is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal of a communication power supply lightning strike counting method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0009] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for counting lightning strikes of a communication power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0010] Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of a communication power supply lightning strike counting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 4 The overall architecture diagram of a lightning strike counting device according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of voltage and current signal acquisition according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of temperature and humidity signal acquisition according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of lightning counting and timing according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 8is a schematic diagram of the sequential pulse generation principle according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of sequentially starting sampling and latching of voltage and current signals according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Fig.10 2 is a schematic diagram of the signal analog-to-digital conversion output principle according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of the central processing module architecture according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of a high-speed sampling interrupt response service process according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the running process of a microprocessor background program according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0023] Lightning strike is a common natural phenomenon, with the characteristics of large current, high voltage, and short duration. With its huge destructive power, it has brought terrible disasters to human society and has become increasingly harmful to the national economy and life safety. A lightning strike can cause the instant breakdown and destruction of communication equipment worth millions of yuan, the instant interruption of communication networks, and even cause fires and casualties, bringing immeasurable disasters and accident losses to the modern information society. Therefore, communication operators are actively doing a good job in lightning protection and disaster reduction to minimize disasters and ensure the security of communication networks and corporate benefits.

[0024] At present, there are mainly three types of lightning strike counters on the market.

[0025] The most common lightning counting device is generally installed with a 35mm electrical rail, and uses a special electromagnetic mechanical counter to count lightning strikes. The basic principle is that when the lightning arrester is struck by lightning, the voltage drop on the nonlinear resistor of the high-temperature valve plate is charged to the energy storage capacitor through a bridge rectifier, and then the capacitor discharges to the coil of the electromagnetic counter. The coil flows through the inductive current, inducing an electromagnetic field, magnetizing the internal iron core, and attracting the armature to rotate the counter pointer to complete the counting. Obviously, this counter is relatively slow, and it also records the number of lightning strikes, and the timing interval is at least 1s; and in order to prevent the counter from being damp, rusted or damaged, it will be sealed in a plastic box as a whole, and the box is epoxy-filled to ensure sealing; it is strictly forbidden to open the box cover during use.

[0026] There is also an intelligent lightning strike counter. It uses 220VAC power to power the lightning strike counter. The ground wire of the arrester passes through the counter's transformer coil. The display mode is generally divided into LED lamps and LCD displays. When there is a lightning strike intrusion on the line, the arrester is activated and discharges the lightning current to the ground. The transformer on the ground wire sends the collected current signal to the counter's calculation and comparison circuit to realize the lightning strike counting; at the same time, the counter has a built-in clock chip that can record the year, month, day, hour, minute, and second information of the lightning strike moment; it can support up to 1K lightning strike records, has a power-off memory function, and also supports remote monitoring through communication interfaces such as RS485 / Ethernet. Obviously, this counter also records the number of lightning strikes, and the timing interval is at least 100ms.

[0027] A lightning discharge usually contains multiple repeated impulse discharges. A typical lightning discharge will include two or three lightning strikes, with a time interval of about one twentieth of a second between each strike, and most lightning currents usually last less than 100us. According to statistics, about 55% of lightning strikes contain more than two strikes, 3 strikes account for 25%, and more than 10 strikes account for 4%; the average repetition is 3 times, and the highest record is 42 times. In a lightning discharge, 50% of the duration is less than 0.2S, and only 5% is greater than 0.62S. The waveform of the lightning current is also basically the same, with a wave head of about 1 to 10us, a wavelength of 20 to 100us, an average of about 50us, and only 18 to 30% greater than 50us. Therefore, recording the number and duration of impulse discharges can more truly reflect the lightning strike; recording the size of the arrester leakage current can more directly reflect the energy of the lightning strike and the performance of the arrester. The above two technical solutions only simply record and count the number of lightning strikes, but cannot record the complete process of lightning discharge, including the number of impulse discharges, duration, leakage current, etc. Therefore, it is impossible to clearly and intuitively understand the local lightning strike frequency, grasp the working status of the lightning protection device, and provide a reference basis for the inspection of the lightning arrester.

[0028] Of course, there are also very professional intelligent detection terminals for lightning arrester working conditions on the market, which can realize comprehensive monitoring of lightning current parameters: peak value, effective value, wave head, duration, energy, number of times, etc. The products also integrate solar panels, lithium batteries and GPS. However, they are usually used in medium and high voltage power distribution networks of 10KV to 750KV; in addition, they are very large in size and cost, and are not suitable for widespread configuration and use in communication rooms and power supply equipment.

[0029] Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention provides a lightning strike counter device that can be widely used in communication rooms and power supply equipment. It can quickly, accurately and completely record and truly reproduce a lightning discharge process; at the same time, it has high measurement accuracy, low cost, small size and no sealing requirements; it is convenient for users to clearly and intuitively understand the impact frequency of lightning induction and grasp the working condition of the power supply lightning arrester; it realizes real-time and accurate lightning strike recording and warning, completes the transformation from preventive maintenance to predictive maintenance, reduces maintenance costs, and better avoids lightning strike disasters, ensuring the security of communication networks and corporate benefits.

[0030] The method embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present application can be executed in a mobile terminal, a computer terminal or a similar computing device. Taking running on a computer terminal as an example, Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal of a communication power supply lightning strike counting method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the computer terminal may include one or more ( Figure 1 Only one is shown in the figure) a processor 102 (the processor 102 may include but is not limited to a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA) and a memory 104 for storing data, wherein the above-mentioned computer terminal may also include a transmission device 106 and an input / output device 108 for communication functions. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that Figure 1 The structure shown is only for illustration and does not limit the structure of the above-mentioned computer terminal. Figure 1 More or fewer components as shown, or with Figure 1 Different configurations shown.

[0031] The memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, for example, software programs and modules of application software, such as the computer program corresponding to the communication power supply lightning strike counting method in the embodiment of the present invention. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 104, that is, to implement the above method. The memory 104 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some examples, the memory 104 may further include a memory remotely arranged relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories may be connected to the mobile terminal via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0032] The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. The specific example of the above network may include a wireless network provided by a communication provider of a computer terminal. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a network adapter (Network Interface Controller, NIC), which can be connected to other network devices through a base station so as to communicate with the Internet. In one example, the transmission device 106 can be a radio frequency (RF) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.

[0033] In this embodiment, a communication power supply lightning strike counting method running on the above-mentioned computer terminal is provided. Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for counting lightning strikes of a communication power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0034] Step S202, generating a plurality of sequential pulses for a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC);

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of sequential pulses are generated for a plurality of analog-to-digital converters ADC in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter TIADC, including: dividing a high-frequency clock, and generating a plurality of sequential pulses according to the divided high-frequency clock.

[0036] In the actual implementation process, the high-speed clock is divided and then enters the beat generator (or ring counter) to generate multiple sequential pulses.

[0037] Step S204, sequentially starting multiple ADCs to sample lightning voltage and lightning current according to the multiple sequential pulses;

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, multiple ADCs are started sequentially to sample lightning strike voltage and lightning strike current according to multiple sequential pulses, including: the lightning strike voltage or lightning strike current is connected to multiple ADCs at the same time, and the multiple ADCs are started sequentially to perform analog-to-digital conversion according to the sequential pulses to complete the sampling of the lightning strike voltage or lightning strike current.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of ADCs are sequentially started to sample the lightning voltage and the lightning current, including: m ADCs alternately sample the same lightning voltage or lightning current according to a plurality of sequential pulses, wherein the clock phase deviation of adjacent ADCs is 2π / m.

[0040] In the actual implementation process, the lightning voltage signal is connected to the analog input terminals of m ADCs at the same time (the same applies to lightning current); the sequential pulses Q1, Q2, Q3...Qm are used as sampling start signals for each ADC to sequentially start each ADC for analog-to-digital conversion. The alternately sampled signals are combined in time sequence to achieve high-speed sampling.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, in the event of a lightning strike, a common counter is used to count the number of lightning strikes, and a high-speed counter is used to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of an interval between lightning strikes.

[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, before using an ordinary counter to count the number of lightning strikes and using a high-speed counter to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of an interval between lightning strikes, the method also includes: conditioning the leakage current of the arrester to obtain a comparison voltage; when the comparison voltage is greater than a first voltage threshold, determining that a lightning strike has occurred; when the comparison voltage is greater than a second voltage threshold, determining to start sampling the lightning voltage and lightning current, wherein the second voltage threshold is less than the first voltage threshold.

[0043] In actual implementation, the second voltage threshold is smaller than the first voltage threshold, and before triggering lightning counting, fast sampling can be started to record the lightning current wave head.

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, an ordinary counter is used to count the number of lightning strikes, and a high-speed counter is used to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the interval between lightning strikes, including: obtaining a first level signal based on a comparison result between a comparison voltage and the first voltage threshold; triggering the ordinary counter to add 1 to the count of the number of lightning strikes based on a rising edge of the first level signal; when the first level signal is at a high level, using a first high-speed counter to time the duration of a single lightning strike; and when the first level signal is at a low level, using a second high-speed counter to time the interval between lightning strikes.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, a common counter is used to count the number of lightning strikes, and a high-speed counter is used to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration between lightning strikes. It also includes: triggering a first interrupt response signal according to a rising edge of a first level signal, and the first high-speed counter obtains the timing start time of the duration of a single lightning strike according to the first interrupt response signal; triggering a second interrupt response signal according to a falling edge of the first level signal, and the first high-speed counter obtains the timing end time of the duration of a single lightning strike according to the second interrupt response signal.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, a high-speed counter is used to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of an interval between lightning strikes, including: connecting a high-speed counter in series with an ordinary counter to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of an interval between lightning strikes.

[0047] In the actual implementation process, since the range of counting is wide, a high-speed counter and a normal counter are connected in series to expand the counting range and reduce the hardware cost. For example, a 32-bit counter can be formed by connecting an 8-bit high-speed counter and three 8-bit normal counters in series to achieve a maximum count of 4G; if the counter clock is 1.0GHz, the maximum timing duration is 4s.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, after sequentially starting a plurality of ADCs to sample the lightning voltage and the lightning current, the method further includes: latching the sampling results.

[0049] In the actual implementation process, the sampling results are latched, which essentially allows the microprocessor to fetch the results of the previous round of sampling before the end of the next round of conversion, reducing the real-time requirements of the interrupt response to read the conversion results, thereby reducing the performance requirements and hardware costs of the microprocessor and improving the reliability of the system.

[0050] In step S206, a plurality of ADCs sequentially output sampling signals to complete the counting of lightning strikes on the communication power supply.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, multiple ADCs sequentially output sampling signals, including: triggering a third interrupt response signal after the multiple ADCs perform analog-to-digital conversion on the sampling signals; sequentially reading the ADC outputs according to the first third interrupt response signal until the ADC outputs are invalid; and sequentially reading the ADC outputs starting from the ADC output that has been read out according to the mth third interrupt response signal, until the sequential reading of the outputs of multiple ADCs is completed.

[0052] In the actual implementation process, after each ADC completes the analog-to-digital conversion, it will output a "conversion completed" signal; after the conversion result is latched using this signal, the next sequential pulse can automatically start the next sampling cycle. Depending on the requirements of different ADC chips, the "conversion completed" signal may also need a short delay to complete the reading and latching of the sampled data. In the actual implementation process, the interrupt signal of fast sampling completion will only be generated during the duration of the lightning strike. When the interrupt signal is generated, the interrupt response program of the microprocessor first reads the general-purpose input / output (GPIO) input terminal to determine which ADC has completed the conversion, and then reads the conversion output value of the ADC.

[0053] Through the above steps, a method for counting lightning strikes of communication power supply is provided, wherein multiple sequential pulses are generated for multiple ADCs in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter TIADC; multiple ADCs are sequentially started to sample lightning strike voltage and lightning strike current according to the multiple sequential pulses; multiple ADCs sequentially output the sampled signals to complete the counting of lightning strikes of communication power supply. The problem that the local lightning strike frequency cannot be clearly and accurately understood and the real working condition of the lightning protection device is not grasped in the related technology is solved, and the effect of accurately counting the lightning strike frequency and grasping the real working condition of the lightning protection device is achieved.

[0054] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the method according to the above embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal device (which can be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] In this embodiment, a communication power supply lightning strike counting device is also provided, which is used to implement the above-mentioned embodiments and preferred embodiments, and the descriptions that have been made will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can implement a combination of software and / or hardware of a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, the implementation of hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and conceivable.

[0056] Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of a communication power supply lightning strike counting device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the counting device 30 includes: a microprocessor 310, a beat generator 320, a voltage sensor 330, a current sensor 340, and a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter TIADC 350, wherein the microprocessor 310 is used to generate a high-frequency clock; the beat generator 320 is used to generate a plurality of sequential pulses for a plurality of analog-to-digital converters ADC in the TIADC 350 according to the high-frequency clock; the voltage sensor 330 is used to collect the lightning voltage and condition the lightning voltage; the current sensor 340 is used to collect the lightning current and condition the lightning current; and the TIADC 350 is used to sequentially start a plurality of ADCs to sample the lightning voltage and the lightning current according to a plurality of sequential pulses.

[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, the counting device further includes: a normal counter and a high-speed counter, wherein the normal counter is used to count the number of lightning strikes; and the high-speed counter is used to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of the interval between lightning strikes.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, the counting device further includes: a first voltage comparator and a second voltage comparator, wherein the first voltage comparator is used to compare the comparison voltage with a first voltage threshold, determine whether a lightning strike occurs, and output a first level signal; the second voltage comparator is used to compare the comparison voltage with the second voltage threshold, determine whether to start sampling the lightning strike voltage and lightning strike current, and output a second level signal.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, the above-mentioned microprocessor 310 is also used to trigger a first interrupt response signal according to the rising edge of the first level signal, and the first interrupt response signal is used to indicate the first high-speed counter in the high-speed counter to obtain the timing start time of the single lightning impulse duration; the microprocessor 310 is also used to trigger a second interrupt response signal according to the falling edge of the first level signal, and the second interrupt response signal is used to indicate the first high-speed counter to obtain the timing end time of the single lightning impulse duration.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the microprocessor 310 is further configured to trigger a third interrupt response signal after the plurality of ADCs sample the lightning voltage and the lightning current, wherein the third interrupt response signal is configured to indicate reading of the outputs of the plurality of ADCs.

[0061] It should be noted that the above modules can be implemented by software or hardware. For the latter, it can be implemented in the following ways, but not limited to: the above modules are all located in the same processor; or the above modules are located in different processors in any combination.

[0062] For specific examples in this embodiment, reference may be made to the examples described in the above embodiments and exemplary implementation modes, and this embodiment will not be described in detail herein.

[0063] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above modules or steps of the present invention can be implemented by a general computing device, they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing devices, they can be implemented by a program code executable by a computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here, or they can be made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps therein can be made into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0064] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, it is described below in conjunction with specific scenario embodiments.

[0065] Scenario Example 1

[0066] Figure 4 The overall architecture diagram of the lightning strike counting device according to the scenario embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the lightning counting device includes four parts: signal acquisition and comparison module, lightning counting and timing module, analog-to-digital conversion module and central processing module. The signal acquisition and comparison module completes the data acquisition and signal conditioning of the lightning current and voltage signal sensors, and compares and determines whether a lightning strike occurs and whether to perform rapid sampling; the lightning counting and timing module completes the accumulation of the number of lightning strikes and the timing of the duration of a single impact; the analog-to-digital conversion module completes the sampling of lightning current and voltage; the central processing module is composed of a microprocessor (DSP, MCU or MPU) minimum application system, which is the brain of the device and is responsible for various functions such as receiving, processing, storing, analyzing and executing measurement data.

[0067] In the actual implementation process, the signal acquisition and comparison module completes the data acquisition, signal conditioning, and comparison and judgment of the lightning current and voltage signal sensors.

[0068] 1. Lightning voltage signal collection, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of voltage and current signal acquisition according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, the grid voltage (normal voltage or overvoltage) on the arrester is collected through a voltage sensor or a mutual inductor. Since there is a lot of noise and interference on the line when lightning strikes, the sensor acquisition signal needs to be noise-reduced and filtered before relatively ideal data can be obtained and then conditioned. Signal conditioning is actually to convert the sensor signal into a suitable voltage signal through an operational amplifier and clamp it to a certain value (such as within the ADC analog input range), and the output is V0;

[0069] 2. Lightning current signal acquisition, collect the leakage current (lightning current or total leakage current) of the arrester through a current sensor (such as a Rogowski coil). Similarly, the current signal collected by the sensor must first be denoised and filtered, and then conditioned. In order to improve the accuracy of ADC sampling, the collected signal is conditioned through three different channels: the first channel conditioning target is the larger lightning current, clamping the output V1; the second channel conditioning target is the weak total leakage current (generally the range is 0-10mA), and the clamping output V2 after gain amplification; the third channel conditioning output V3 is used to compare with the threshold voltage to determine whether a lightning strike has occurred and whether fast sampling is required:

[0070] (1) V3 enters the input end of the voltage comparator 1 and is compared with the voltage threshold Vr1 set by the system (for example, corresponding to the lower limit operating current value of the lightning arrester). The output Ca is used to judge whether there is a lightning strike: if the V3 value is lower than the threshold, the comparator output Ca is a low level, indicating that there is no lightning strike; otherwise, Ca is a high level signal, indicating that there is a lightning strike;

[0071] (2) V3 enters the input end of the voltage comparator 2 and is compared with the voltage threshold Vr2 set by the system. The output Cb is used to determine whether fast sampling is required: if the V3 value is lower than the threshold, the comparator output Cb is a low level, indicating that fast sampling is not required; otherwise, Cb is a high level signal, indicating that fast sampling is required. In addition, the set voltage threshold Vr2 should be slightly lower than Vr1, indicating that fast sampling should be started before triggering the lightning count to record the lightning current wave head.

[0072] 3. Temperature and humidity signal acquisition, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the signal acquisition principle of temperature and humidity according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 6 As shown, similar to the lightning voltage signal acquisition, the sensor acquisition signal is subjected to noise reduction and filtering, and the clamped output is V4 and V5 after conditioning.

[0073] In the actual implementation process, the lightning strike counting and timing module completes the accumulation of the number of lightning strikes and the timing of the duration of a single impact. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of lightning counting and timing according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown:

[0074] 1. Accumulation of lightning strikes: The comparator Ca signal output by the signal acquisition comparison module is connected to the clock input of the "impact count counter". The rising edge of the Ca signal will trigger the counter to count up by one. Since the duration of a single impact is generally between tens of us and hundreds of ms, the counting speed is slow, so an ordinary counter is used;

[0075] 2. Timing of single impulse duration: In order to truly reproduce the lightning discharge process, it is necessary to accurately measure the duration of a single impulse to the accuracy of ns level. Since the timer / counter built into ordinary microprocessors has low accuracy, high-speed counting technology is used, which mainly includes high-frequency clock generation, clock distribution and high-speed counter:

[0076] (1) High-frequency clock generation: High-frequency clock generation is based on the principle of phase-locked frequency multiplication. The microprocessor communicates with the high-frequency clock generator PLL with integrated VCO and writes command words to control the output of the required high-frequency clock. If the high-frequency clock is 1.0 GHz, the duration timing accuracy can reach 1 ns;

[0077] (2) Clock distribution: The high-frequency clock generated by the PLL is an analog signal with low output power. It is converted through a clock divider to obtain a clock source CLK suitable for a high-speed counter.

[0078] (3) High-speed counter: Two high-speed counters are designed, one for timing the duration of the impact and the other for timing the interval between two impacts. Therefore, the enable terminal of the counter is connected to the comparator Ca signal. During the high level of Ca, the duration of the impact is timed; during the low level of Ca, the interval is timed. In addition, since the range to be counted is wide, a high-speed counter is connected in series with an ordinary counter to expand the counting range while reducing the hardware cost. For example, a 32-bit counter can be formed by connecting an 8-bit high-speed counter in series with three 8-bit ordinary counters to achieve a maximum count of 4G; if the counter clock is 1.0GHz, the maximum timing duration is 4s.

[0079] 3. The output of the counter: the comparator Ca signal, is connected to the two external interrupt inputs of the microprocessor at the same time: the rising edge triggers the interrupt program to obtain the timing of the impact start time or interval length; the falling edge triggers the interrupt program to obtain the timing of the impact duration. After obtaining the counter output value, the microprocessor immediately sends a low-active level signal to reset the counter to zero for the next recount.

[0080] In the actual implementation process, the analog-to-digital conversion module completes the sampling of lightning voltage and current. The TIADC technology is used to achieve high-speed sampling during the duration of the lightning strike, while the conventional sampling technology is used during the non-strike time.

[0081] 1. Conventional sampling: An ordinary multiplexed analog-to-digital converter ADC chip is used to complete the sampling of four signals, including AC voltage, total leakage current, temperature and humidity. The AC voltage value can be used as a judgment of the quality of the power grid during normal periods (no lightning strikes); the total leakage current value can be used as a reference for identifying the performance of the lightning arrester; and the sampled temperature and humidity are used to reduce the interference of the total leakage current and improve the sampling accuracy of the total leakage current. After the ADC conversion is completed, the interrupt signal is used to trigger the microprocessor program to obtain the analog-to-digital conversion result. Since the speed requirement for conventional sampling is relatively low, it can generally be completed in about 1 second, and a cheap ordinary ADC chip can be selected; in addition, if the microprocessor has integrated ADC resources, it can also be used directly to further reduce hardware costs;

[0082] 2. High-speed sampling: TIADC technology is used to achieve high-speed sampling of lightning voltage V0 and lightning current V1 within the duration of lightning impulse, which is convenient for reproducing lightning waveform and calculating impulse energy. The basic principle is to use m ADCs to alternately sample the same input signal, and the clock phase deviation of adjacent ADCs is 2π / m; then the sampling results are combined to achieve high-speed sampling. The details are as follows:

[0083] (1) Generate m sequential pulses: Figure 8 Schematic diagram of sequential pulse generation principle according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 As shown, the high-speed clock CLK generated by the lightning strike counting and timing module enters the beat generator (or ring counter) after frequency division to generate m sequential pulses, Q1, Q2, Q3..., until Qm; m is a positive integer.

[0084] (2) Sequential start sampling: Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the principle of sequentially starting sampling and latching of voltage and current signals according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 9 As shown, the lightning voltage V0 signal is connected to the analog input terminals of m ADCs at the same time (the same is true for the lightning current V1); the sequential pulses Q1, Q2, Q3...Qm are used as sampling start signals for each ADC to sequentially start each ADC for analog-to-digital conversion. The lightning current V1 is also sampled sequentially;

[0085] (3) Latching sampling results: After each ADC completes the analog-to-digital conversion, it will output a "conversion completed" signal; after the conversion result is latched using this signal, the next sequential pulse can automatically start the next sampling cycle. Depending on the requirements of different ADC chips, the "conversion completed" signal may also require a short delay to complete the reading and latching of the sampled data. Latching the sampling results essentially allows the microprocessor to retrieve the results of the previous round of sampling before the next round of conversion is completed, reducing the real-time requirements for interrupt response to read the conversion results, thereby reducing the performance requirements and hardware costs of the microprocessor and improving the reliability of the system;

[0086] (4) Interrupt notification processing: Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the signal analog-to-digital conversion output principle according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig.10 As shown in the figure, the "conversion completed" signal output by each ADC after completing the analog-to-digital conversion is connected to the GPIO input of the microprocessor; at the same time, it is first connected to the external interrupt input of the microprocessor after being wired and then ORed with the inverted signal of the fast sampling comparison output Cb. In other words, the interrupt signal of fast sampling completion will only be generated within the duration of the lightning strike. When the interrupt signal is generated, the interrupt response program of the microprocessor first reads the GPIO input to determine which ADC has completed the conversion, and then reads the conversion output value of the ADC.

[0087] In actual implementation, the central processing module consists of a microprocessor minimum application system. Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of the central processing module architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig.11 As shown, the central processing module is responsible for various functions such as receiving, processing, storing, analyzing and executing measurement data.

[0088] 1. Generate high-frequency clock: The microprocessor communicates with the phase-locked loop (PLL) of the integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) through the serial peripheral interface (SPI). After writing the command word, it controls the output of the required high frequency. For example, controlling the ADF4360-6 chip can output a high-frequency clock of up to 1.2G;

[0089] 2. Generate software clock: The microprocessor program generates a reference software timer interrupt with an interrupt frequency of 1ms. The tick value in the interrupt program is accumulated and counted in a loop from 0 to 999;

[0090] 3. Construct decoding logic: By combining the logic and timing of the microprocessor's address bus and control bus (such as erasable programmable logic device (EPLD)), the decoding logic is completed, and then supplemented by the data bus's transceiver buffer, read and write access to devices such as timers and ADCs is achieved;

[0091] 4. Get calendar time (millisecond accuracy): There are two ways to get it, the first one is preferred.

[0092] (1) The microprocessor extends a real-time clock (RTC) chip through a bus such as SPI or Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) (some microprocessors have built-in RTC real-time clocks, which can also be used directly). Some RTCs can also achieve sub-second accuracy of 1ms, and after reading, the accurate calendar time (year-month-day-hour-minute-second-millisecond) can be directly obtained;

[0093] (2) If the RTC real-time clock accuracy is only to the second level (year-month-day-hour-minute-second), use the tick value in the software clock as the millisecond part of the calendar time. Obviously, in order to improve the accuracy, it is necessary to synchronize the time through the network (especially the synchronization of the tick value);

[0094] 5. Fast timing and sampling: Through four external interrupt input signals, quickly respond and receive data.

[0095] (3) The rising edge of the lightning comparator output Ca signal triggers an interrupt: the interrupt response program reads the output value and carry output terminal of high-speed counter 2, and sends a low-effective signal to clear the counter; finally, the current calendar time (millisecond accuracy) is obtained;

[0096] (4) The falling edge of the output signal Ca of the lightning strike comparator triggers an interrupt: the interrupt response program completes the accumulation of the number of impacts, reads the output value of the high-speed counter 1 as the timing of the impact stop moment, and then sends a low-effective signal to clear the counter; finally, the current calendar time (millisecond accuracy) is obtained;

[0097] (5) Regular sampling completion triggers an interrupt: the AC voltage V0, the total leakage current of the lightning arrester V2, the temperature V4 and the humidity V5 are triggered after the sampling is completed by the ordinary multiplexed ADC chip. The interrupt response program can read the conversion data output by the ADC chip. Among them, V0 and V2 are the AC voltage and the total leakage current value of the lightning arrester during the normal period (no lightning strike). Of course, if an ADC integrated in a microprocessor is used, the processing process is the same. The only difference is that the ADC sampling completion interrupt source is generated inside the processor;

[0098] (6) High-speed sampling completion trigger interrupt: Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of a high-speed sampling interrupt response service process according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig.12 As shown in the figure, the interrupt is triggered after the lightning voltage V0 and lightning current V1 are sampled by TIADC. TIADC is composed of m ADCs. The interrupt response program first reads the input GPIO port to determine which of the m ADCs has completed the conversion, and then reads the conversion output value of the ADC. It is particularly important to note that the conversion output values ​​of each ADC need to be read in sequence in the program to avoid time dislocation:

[0099] ① When responding to the interrupt for the first time, the software first reads the completed output status values ​​of all ADCs on the GPIO port; and starts from the first ADC (sequence number 0), reads out the conversion output values ​​of all valid ADCs in sequence until a certain ADC state value is invalid; and records the sequence number k of the ADC. Obviously 0≤k <m;

[0100] ② When responding to the subsequent interrupt, the software starts from k and cyclically reads the completed output status values ​​of the kth, k+1th (if the value of m is reached, it starts from 0)... ADCs on the GPIO port; if the status is valid, read the corresponding ADC conversion output value; if the status is invalid, stop reading, and reassign the new invalid ADC sequence number to k;

[0101] ③ Repeat the previous step ② to complete the sequential reading of each ADC conversion output value;

[0102] ④It should be noted that, since V0 and V1 are sampled synchronously, the ADC conversion output values ​​of V0 and V1 can be read simultaneously in the interrupt response program.

[0103] 6. Tasks such as data processing, storage and analysis are all performed in the program in the background.

[0104] (1) Data processing: The number of lightning strikes, impact duration, and raw data values ​​sampled by the processor need to be processed for easy use:

[0105] ① Data conversion: According to the input clock frequency of the high-speed counter, the count values ​​of the impact duration and impact interval are converted into intuitive time length values, such as how many seconds, how many ms, how many us, how many ns, etc.; according to the amplification factor of the conditioning circuit, the sampled original data value is converted into how many V of voltage, how many A of current, etc.;

[0106] ② Event identification: A lightning discharge usually includes multiple repeated impulse discharges. The duration of all impulse intervals is judged to identify the lightning event. For example, if the interval duration is less than the threshold value (such as 100ms, which can be set), it is determined to be multiple impulses in a lightning process; if the interval duration exceeds the threshold value, it can be considered as another lightning event. As mentioned above, in the Ca signal rising edge interrupt response program, the output value and carry output terminal of high-speed counter 2, as well as the calendar time (millisecond accuracy) are read. If any of the following three conditions are met, it will be identified as a new lightning discharge event:

[0107] □The output value of high-speed counter 2 is 0 (indicating the first lightning strike);

[0108] □The output value of high-speed counter 2 exceeds the threshold value (indicating that the interval duration is too long);

[0109] □The carry output of high-speed counter 2 is valid (indicating that the interval is too long and the counter is full);

[0110] ③ Event record: Based on the identification of events, all data are integrated and aggregated to generate event record data. Including:

[0111] □The starting time of the lightning strike (year-month-day-hour-minute-second-millisecond). The calendar time read in the interrupt response program can be used.

[0112] □The number of impacts in this lightning event;

[0113] □Monitoring data of each impulse discharge process. Including:

[0114] a. Duration of the impact (milliseconds-microseconds-nanoseconds), or directly expressed as the total nanosecond value;

[0115] b. The impulse voltage and impulse current values ​​during the impulse duration period (the sampling interval is fixed, i.e. the interval time of the sequential pulses);

[0116] □Monitoring data after each impulse discharge. Including:

[0117] a. The interval time after the impact ends (milliseconds-microseconds-nanoseconds), or directly expressed in total nanoseconds. That is, the interval time between two discharges;

[0118] b. Normal AC voltage value and full leakage current value (the conventional sampling interval is longer, about 1s level);

[0119] (2) Data storage: According to the event record format, the data is saved when power is off. The data is saved in the flash memory FLASH or electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) that is externally expanded by the microprocessor through buses such as SPI / I2C. The saving method is cyclic saving, and the number of saved data depends on the size of the memory.

[0120] (3) Data analysis: After further analysis, the data can realize more valuable applications:

[0121] ① Value parameters: Analyze and calculate to obtain other parameters of the impulse discharge process, such as current peak value, residual voltage peak value, effective value, and energy;

[0122] ② Accurate counting: Analyze data, identify lightning impulses and power grid fluctuation impulses, and achieve accurate counting. The lightning current waveform is usually a unipolar pulse waveform, which rises to a peak value in a short period of time, and then slowly decreases from the peak value, presenting an arched pulse shape; the current waveform of the induced lightning in the communication site and the computer room is similar to the 8 / 20us waveform. Therefore, by analyzing whether the lightning current waveform is similar to the 8 / 20us arched pulse, it is determined whether the impulse is a lightning impulse and a power grid fluctuation impulse, so as to avoid mistakenly counting the power grid fluctuation impulse into the number of lightning strikes;

[0123] ③ In terms of the rising part of these lightning current waveforms, the lightning current of the subsequent negative lightning stroke rises very quickly, followed by the first negative lightning stroke, and the first positive lightning stroke is the slowest. In terms of the falling part of each lightning current waveform, the lightning current of the subsequent negative lightning stroke falls faster than the first negative lightning stroke, and the first negative lightning stroke falls faster than the first positive lightning stroke.

[0124] ④ Accurate monitoring: Through software compensation algorithm, the interference of temperature, humidity, etc. on leakage current is reduced or eliminated, and the arrester status monitoring is more accurate;

[0125] ⑤ Working condition prediction: Based on international or industry standard Qrs, number of impacts, leakage current and other multi-parameter criteria, the working condition of the lightning arrester can be effectively predicted and its life can be judged.

[0126] Scenario Example 2

[0127] According to the overall architecture of the lightning strike counting device provided in the first scenario embodiment, the specific process of power supply lightning strike counting in the second scenario embodiment is introduced. Fig.13 is a schematic diagram of the microprocessor background program running process according to a scenario embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig.13 As shown, the specific process is as follows:

[0128] 1. The software in the microprocessor is powered on and starts to complete the necessary initialization:

[0129] 1. Initialize the processor's memory, ADC and other internal and external device resources;

[0130] 2. Generate software clock: There is a base software timer interrupt in the microprocessor program, and the interrupt frequency is 1ms. The tick value in the interrupt program is accumulated and counted in a loop from 0 to 999;

[0131] 3. Generate high-frequency clock: The microprocessor communicates with the PLL with integrated VCO through the SPI interface, and after writing the command word, it controls the output of the required high-frequency clock. For example, controlling the ADF4360-6 chip can output a high-frequency clock of up to 1.2G;

[0132] 4. Set threshold values: including voltage threshold Vr1 (corresponding to the current value that triggers lightning counting), voltage threshold Vr2 (corresponding to the current value that starts fast sampling), and interval time threshold (a value exceeding which is considered to be the next lightning strike event);

[0133] 5. Correct the RTC clock: synchronize and correct the RTC calendar clock (including the ms tick value in the software clock) built into or externally expanded by the microprocessor through the network. This step is optional.

[0134] 2. The software in the microprocessor operates normally, completing the measurement, processing, storage, and analysis of voltage, current and other signals:

[0135] 1. Periodically start the multiplexed ADC chip to alternately sample AC voltage, total leakage current, temperature and humidity. When the ADC conversion is completed, the system generates an external interrupt / INT2-ADC;

[0136] 2. Interrupt response to receive data: After the interrupt service routine of / INT2-ADC runs, read the conversion output value of ADC;

[0137] 3. Backstage data processing: According to the sampling channel of the current ADC chip, the received ADC sampling value is assigned to a specific value, such as AC voltage value, total leakage current, temperature or humidity. Then, according to different conditioning circuits, the sampled raw data value is restored to the simulated voltage, current, temperature or humidity value; for example, it is restored to 220V AC voltage, or 25℃ temperature, etc.;

[0138] 4. Background data recording: read the current calendar time, add a timestamp to the restored data and record it;

[0139] 5.Background storage records: save the recorded data with timestamps in a loop to FLASH / EEPROM and other memories;

[0140] 6. Background data analysis: According to the currently measured temperature and humidity values, the total leakage current value is corrected through the software compensation algorithm to reduce the interference of temperature and humidity on the total leakage current. The performance of the arrester can also be further analyzed through the size of the total leakage current.

[0141] 3. When a lightning strike occurs, the software in the microprocessor will also complete the accumulation of the number of impacts, the timing of the impact duration and the impact interval, and the high-speed sampling of the lightning voltage and current. Similarly, the reception, processing, storage and analysis of these data are completed through interrupt response and background operation.

[0142] 1. Quickly respond and receive data through three external interrupt input signals.

[0143] (1) Impact start trigger interrupt / INT3-SC: The interrupt response program reads the output value of high-speed counter 2 and the current Japanese time (millisecond accuracy) as the timing of the impact start time or the timing of the impact interval;

[0144] (2) Impact end trigger interrupt / INT4-EC: The interrupt response program completes the accumulation of impact times and reads the output value of high-speed counter 1 as the timing of the impact stop moment;

[0145] (3) High-speed sampling completion trigger interrupt / INT1-ADC: The interrupt response program first reads the input GPIO port to determine which ADC has completed the conversion, and then reads the conversion output value of the ADC. The conversion output values ​​of each ADC need to be read in chronological order to avoid misalignment;

[0146] 2. Tasks such as data processing, storage and analysis are all performed in the program in the background.

[0147] (1) Data processing: The number of lightning strikes, impact duration, and raw data values ​​sampled by the processor need to be processed for easy use:

[0148] ① Data conversion: convert the count values ​​such as impact duration and impact interval into time length in ms / us / ns; restore the original sampled values ​​into analog values ​​such as voltage, current, temperature and humidity;

[0149] ② Event identification: A lightning discharge usually contains multiple repeated impulse discharges. The lightning event is identified by comparing the impulse interval duration and the threshold value;

[0150] ③ Event record: Based on the identification of events, all data are integrated and aggregated to generate event record data. Including:

[0151] □The time when the lightning strike started (year-month-day-hour-minute-second-millisecond);

[0152] □The number of impacts in this lightning event;

[0153] □Monitoring data of each impulse discharge process, including the duration of the impulse, and the quickly collected impulse voltage and impulse current values;

[0154] □ Monitoring data after each impulse discharge, including the impulse interval duration, and the normally collected AC voltage value and leakage current full current value;

[0155] (2) Data storage: Complete data preservation after power failure according to the event record format;

[0156] (3) Data analysis: The data is further analyzed and utilized.

[0157] Scenario Example 3

[0158] In the scenario implementation example three, examples are given with reference to actual data.

[0159] An indoor communication DC power supply product produced by a company is equipped with AC power distribution, DC power distribution, rectifier, battery and monitoring unit in a 2m standard cabinet. The capacity of a single rectifier is 50A or 75A, and the maximum output current of the system is 1200A. The system supports 220 / 380V AC three-phase four-wire AC input, and is also equipped with a lightning arrester with a nominal discharge current of 10kA and 8 / 20us waveform, as well as a 32A / 3P lightning protection circuit breaker. In daily maintenance, the window color of the lightning arrester is generally checked first. If the window color is green, it means that the lightning arrester is normal; if the window color is red, it means that the lightning arrester is damaged by voltage surge or lightning. Then, check the status of the lightning protection circuit breaker. If the circuit breaker is ON, it means it is normal, and if the circuit breaker is OFF, it means the input is disconnected. If the lightning arrester is not damaged, just turn the circuit breaker to the ON state; otherwise, it means that the circuit breaker is damaged. The damaged lightning arrester and circuit breaker need to be replaced as soon as possible.

[0160] Obviously, in order to ensure the stability and safety of the power supply system, the lightning arrester needs to be detected and replaced as soon as possible. Especially before or during the thunderstorm season, users or operation and maintenance personnel will arrange to inspect and investigate at various sites. In the current 5G network era, there are a large number of sites, and many of them are in the wilderness where there is no one on duty and inconvenient transportation; at the same time, only the damaged lightning arresters can be checked, and those that are about to be damaged are still powerless, and there is no guarantee that they can safely pass the thunderstorm season. This kind of inefficient and even ineffective operation and maintenance means will cause huge cost expenditures. To this end, the present invention can change from passive to active, add a lightning strike counter device to the rear stage of the lightning arrester, accurately and intuitively understand the frequency of lightning strikes, grasp the working condition of the lightning arrester, calculate the degradation trend of the lightning arrester, and predict the life of the lightning arrester; and replace those lightning arresters that are about to be damaged or cannot safely survive the thunderstorm season in time. Obviously, this method realizes the transformation from preventive maintenance to predictive maintenance, reduces maintenance costs, and better avoids lightning disasters, ensuring the security of communication networks and corporate benefits.

[0161] Before adding a lightning strike counter device, it is necessary to understand the various parameters of the lightning arrester on the power supply system. The lightning arrester has a nominal discharge current In of 10kA, a maximum discharge current Imax of 20kA, and a maximum continuous operating voltage Uc of 275V. Therefore, the present invention can design and put into operation a lightning strike counter based on these operating parameters and user needs:

[0162] 1. Adopt the mainstream ARM / RTOS embedded measurement and control system solution: the microprocessor is the industry-standard ARMCortex-M7, and the RTOS is RT-thread. The M7 processor integrates FLASH and RAM, external memory interface, ADC, RTC, and multiple USART, SPI, I2C, Ethernet and other rich resources, which can greatly reduce hardware costs and accelerate project design;

[0163] 2. In the CPU module, the FLASH external memory is expanded through the SPI interface as a storage space for lightning event records; the SPI interface communicates with the PLL chip integrated with VCO, such as the ADF4360-6 chip, to control the output of a 1.2G high-frequency clock; the decoding logic is implemented through the EPLD, combined with the 74HC245 bus transceiver / 74HC373 latch, etc., to realize the reading and writing of various counters and ADCs;

[0164] 3. In the signal acquisition and comparison module, a Rogowski coil is used to collect the leakage current of the lightning arrester, and a voltage sensor is used to collect the AC voltage. The voltage threshold Vr1 of comparator 1 needs to be set according to the lower limit action current of the lightning arrester, for example, corresponding to a current value of 50A; the voltage threshold Vr2 of comparator 2 must be lower than Vr1, and the set value can correspond to 40A;

[0165] 4. In the lightning counting and timing module, the PLL chip ADF4360-6 with integrated VCO is used to output a 1.2G high-frequency analog signal; it is then converted into a PECL-level clock CLK through the clock distribution chip AD9515; CLK is used as the clock input of two high-speed counters. Both high-speed counters use an 8-bit high-speed counter MC100E P016 connected in series with a 24-bit ordinary counter to form a 32-bit counter; the maximum counting of 4G is achieved, and the maximum timing is about 3s;

[0166] 5. In the analog-to-digital conversion module, the 1.2G high-speed clock is first divided by 16 and enters the beat generator to generate 4 sequential pulses as the sequential start signals of TIADC; 4 AD7825s with a conversion rate of 2Mbps are used to form TIADC to achieve fast sampling of lightning voltage V0 and lightning current V1; obviously, the maximum sampling rate is 8Mbp. In addition, the ADC integrated on the processor is used to complete conventional sampling of AC voltage V0, total leakage current V2 of the lightning arrester, temperature V4, and humidity V5;

[0167] 6. In the microprocessor program, at least 5 interrupt response programs are designed:

[0168] (1) Benchmark software timer interrupt: The interrupt frequency is 1 ms, which enables the continuous accumulation of tick values ​​and cyclic counting;

[0169] (2) External ADC conversion completion interrupt: triggered by the falling edge, reading the sampled data of TIADC (lightning voltage V0 and lightning current V1);

[0170] (3) Internal ADC conversion completion interrupt: read the sampled data of the processor integrated ADC (AC voltage V0, total leakage current of the lightning arrester V2, temperature V4 and humidity V5);

[0171] (4) Counter start counting interrupt: triggered by rising edge, reads the output value of high-speed counter 2 (lightning start time or interval length) and current calendar time;

[0172] (5) Counter stop counting interrupt: triggered by the rising edge, reads the output value of high-speed counter 1 (the duration of the lightning strike) and the current calendar time;

[0173] 7. Install the counter device after the lightning arrester and start the operation after power on. It can complete the accumulation of the number of impacts, the timing of the impact duration and the impact interval, and the high-speed sampling of the lightning voltage and lightning current, etc.; and realize the reception, processing, storage and analysis of these measurement data. In the actual implementation process, the reception, processing, storage and analysis of the measurement data can be processed in combination with actual needs, which will not be described in detail here.

[0174] Scenario Example 4

[0175] In combination with the lightning strike counting and sampling method in the above embodiment, in this scenario embodiment, how to realize the life prediction of the lightning arrester based on the counter record data.

[0176] The parameters of the lightning arrester are analyzed as follows:

[0177] 1. Its nominal discharge current In is 10kA, which means the maximum value of the surge current that the lightning arrester can withstand when the standard 8 / 20 microsecond lightning surge occurs 10 times. A general power supply lightning arrester can withstand a maximum of 20 nominal discharge current surges;

[0178] 2. Its maximum discharge current Imax is 20kA, which means that the lightning arrester can withstand 20kA current impact twice without damage;

[0179] 3. Repetitive Charge Transfer Rating (Qrs), the lightning arrester manufacturer failed to give specific parameters. According to the technical specifications issued by a certain association, the Qrs of low-voltage AC lightning arresters is 0.4C. In other words, the lightning arrester can withstand a maximum cumulative lightning energy of 0.4C;

[0180] 4. Total leakage current: The lightning arrester manufacturer failed to give specific parameters. According to the technical specifications issued by an association, the total leakage current of a low-voltage AC lightning arrester should not exceed 0.05mA.

[0181] Therefore, the present invention can comprehensively consider these four parameters to evaluate the working condition and predict the life of the lightning arrester.

[0182] 1. When the total leakage current obtained by conventional sampling reaches 0.10mA and exceeds 0.05mA, it indicates that the performance of the lightning arrester begins to deteriorate and may need to be replaced;

[0183] 2. Due to the high-speed sampling, the peak value of the impact current can be recorded; if the peak current is close to the nominal discharge current 15 times, it means that the number of times of withstanding similar lightning strike intensity may only be 5 times;

[0184] 3. By integrating the lightning current over time, the cumulative charge (in coulombs) flowing through the arrester can be calculated. If the cumulative charge reaches 0.4C, it means that the arrester has been subjected to excessive energy and needs to be replaced as soon as possible.

[0185] In summary, the present invention provides a method and device for counting lightning strikes for communication power supplies. In actual implementation, the technical solution provided by the present invention is not only limited to communication lightning protection scenarios, but is also suitable for different scenarios such as power grid scenarios for determining power grid fluctuation shocks and measuring power grid fluctuation shocks. It can also be used for overvoltage damage assessment and precise analysis of equipment such as power supplies.

[0186] At present, all kinds of communication power supply lightning strike counters on the market simply record the number and time of lightning strikes as a basic reference for lightning arrester performance detection and life judgment. Since key operating parameters such as the number of repeated impacts, time, and discharge energy during the lightning strike process are not accurately recorded, it is impossible to clearly and accurately understand the local lightning strike frequency, grasp the actual working conditions of the lightning protection device, and provide an important basis for lightning arrester inspection; the actual role and effect of these lightning strike counters are very general.

[0187] In order to overcome the drawbacks of various communication power supply lightning strike counters currently on the market, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention achieves high-precision, high-speed, and low-cost measurement by cleverly applying innovative technologies such as high-speed counting and interleaved sampling, so that a lightning strike discharge process can be accurately and completely recorded and truly reproduced; at the same time, it is small in size and has no sealing requirements, and can also be integrated in rectifiers and other equipment. It allows users to clearly and intuitively understand the frequency of lightning strikes, grasp the working conditions of power supply lightning arresters, and make effective predictions and judgments (for example, through parameters such as impact time, impact duration, leakage current, combined with lightning arrester characteristic parameters, scientifically calculate the degradation trend of lightning arresters, and predict the life of lightning arresters); facilitate fault location and design improvements, and support the realization of real-time and accurate lightning strike warnings, fast and efficient predictive maintenance. It has significant advantages such as real-time measurement, accurate counting, superior performance, significant effects, low cost, and easy implementation.

[0188] The communication power supply lightning strike counting method provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses ordinary sampling for slow signals such as AC voltage, total leakage current, temperature and humidity, while high-speed sampling is performed for lightning voltage and lightning current within the duration of a lightning strike; hardware cost is reduced; ordinary counters are used to count the number of lightning strikes, thereby reducing hardware cost; high-speed counters are used to time the duration of a single impact and the duration of an impact interval, thereby achieving accurate measurement; a high-speed counter is used in series with an ordinary counter to expand the high-speed counting range and reduce hardware cost; the lightning voltage V0 and lightning current V1 within the duration of a lightning strike are sampled using TIADC technology, which has high speed, low power consumption and low cost. Low; each ADC in TIADC latches the output result after the conversion is completed, which reduces the performance requirements of the microprocessor; each ADC in TIADC outputs the same interrupt signal after the conversion is completed, which reduces the number of interrupt signals and interrupt response overhead, and reduces hardware costs; the interrupt response program of TIADC reads the conversion output value of each ADC in sequence to avoid time dislocation; achieves accurate measurement; analyzes whether the lightning current waveform is similar to the arch pulse, determines whether it is a lightning impulse or a power grid fluctuation impulse, and achieves more accurate lightning strike counting; at the same time, the measurement of power grid fluctuation impulse can also be used for overvoltage damage assessment and accurate analysis of equipment such as power supplies.

[0189] The communication power supply lightning strike counting device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be deployed after the first-level lightning arrester, the second-level lightning arrester or the third-level lightning arrester of the communication room and the base station. The hardware needs to add a voltage sensor (collecting the grid voltage borne by the lightning arrester) and a current sensor (collecting the leakage current of the lightning arrester). In addition to recording and counting the number of times each lightning arrester is struck by lightning, it is also possible to monitor and record multiple operating parameters such as the impact moment, impact duration, and leakage current during the induced lightning discharge process. Through relevant mathematical calculations and processing, the lightning current waveform and lightning strike energy can be restored, which is convenient for users to clearly and intuitively understand the impact of lightning induction, and effectively predict and judge the working condition of the lightning arrester. In addition, the device can also be integrated in equipment such as communication power rectifiers to facilitate fault location and design improvements, and improve the reliability of the equipment.

[0190] Compared with the prior art, the communication power supply lightning counting method and device provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The record is complete, which is convenient for a comprehensive understanding of the lightning strike process: the lightning strike counter device and technology implemented by the present invention can monitor and record multiple operating parameters in a lightning strike discharge process: including the start time of lightning strike discharge, the number of repeated impulse discharges, the duration and interval of each impulse, lightning strike voltage, lightning strike current, etc. The recorded data is sufficient and complete, and it is easy to restore and reproduce the discharge process through these data, which is convenient for users to intuitively understand the lightning strike conditions; 2. The recording is detailed, which is convenient for in-depth analysis: the present invention records the operating parameters of the lightning strike discharge process with high real-time performance and high accuracy. For example, the recording accuracy of the lightning strike moment is at the ms level, and the accuracy of the impulse duration and interval duration is at the ns level; high-speed sampling of lightning strike current and voltage is achieved through TIADC technology, and the sampling frequency is more than tens of megahertz. After further calculation and processing, high-precision data can obtain important information such as current peak value, residual voltage peak value, effective value, impact energy, etc. during the impact process, which is convenient for users to analyze the lightning strike process and the working condition of the lightning arrester in more depth; 3. Accurate counting: Since multiple repeated impact discharges during a lightning strike discharge process are recorded, the number of lightning strikes and the number of impacts are counted separately, avoiding repeated counting errors of the number of lightning strikes. In addition, the current waveform of lightning impact has a certain regularity, which is similar to the arch pulse of 8 / 20us, while the grid fluctuation impact is random and irregular. Due to the realization of high-speed sampling of more than tens of megahertz, the software analyzes whether the lightning current waveform is similar to the arch pulse to determine whether it is a lightning impact, avoiding the grid fluctuation impact being counted as a lightning strike by mistake, thereby achieving more accurate lightning strike counting. 4. Working condition prediction: Through the software compensation algorithm, the interference of temperature and humidity on leakage current is reduced, and the leakage current monitoring of the lightning arrester is more accurate. At the same time, combined with the international or industry standard Qrs, impact times and other comprehensive judgment criteria, the working condition of the lightning arrester can be effectively predicted and the life span can be judged; 5. Cost leadership: The embodiment of the present invention realizes high-speed timing through phase-locked frequency multiplication and the series connection of high-speed counters and low-speed counters; in addition, high-speed sampling is realized using TIADC technology. The technical combination of high-speed timing and high-speed sampling has the outstanding advantages of high precision, high speed, low power consumption, and huge cost advantages. Therefore, it can be widely used in communication rooms and power supply equipment, greatly strengthening the lightning protection measures of communication networks, reducing lightning disasters and accident losses, and ensuring the security of communication networks.

[0191] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for counting lightning strikes of a communication power supply, characterized in that: include: generating a plurality of sequential pulses for a plurality of analog-to-digital converters ADC in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter TIADC; According to the plurality of sequential pulses, sequentially starting the plurality of ADCs to sample the lightning voltage and the lightning current; The plurality of ADCs sequentially output sampling signals to complete the counting of lightning strikes on the communication power supply.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: In the event of a lightning strike, an ordinary counter is used to count the number of lightning strikes, and a high-speed counter is used to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of the interval between lightning strikes.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Before using a common counter to count the number of lightning strikes and using a high-speed counter to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of an interval between lightning strikes, the method further includes: Condition the leakage current of the arrester to obtain a comparison voltage; When the comparison voltage is greater than a first voltage threshold, determining that a lightning strike occurs; When the comparison voltage is greater than a second voltage threshold, it is determined to start sampling the lightning strike voltage and the lightning strike current, wherein the second voltage threshold is less than the first voltage threshold.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The method of using a common counter to count the number of lightning strikes and using a high-speed counter to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of the interval between lightning strikes includes: Obtaining a first level signal according to a comparison result between the comparison voltage and the first voltage threshold; According to the rising edge of the first level signal, trigger the common counter to add 1 to the count of the number of lightning strikes; When the first level signal is at a high level, a first high-speed counter is used to time the duration of a single lightning strike; when the first level signal is at a low level, a second high-speed counter is used to time the duration of an interval between lightning strikes.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The method of using a common counter to count the number of lightning strikes and using a high-speed counter to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of the interval between lightning strikes also includes: A first interrupt response signal is triggered according to the rising edge of the first level signal, and the first high-speed counter obtains the timing start time of the single lightning impact duration according to the first interrupt response signal; The second interrupt response signal is triggered according to the falling edge of the first level signal, and the first high-speed counter obtains the timing end time of the single lightning impact duration according to the second interrupt response signal.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method of using a high-speed counter to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of an interval between lightning strikes includes: The high-speed counter is connected in series with the common counter to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of the interval between lightning strikes.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method generates a plurality of sequential pulses for a plurality of analog-to-digital converters ADC in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter TIADC, comprising: The high-frequency clock is frequency-divided, and a plurality of sequential pulses are generated according to the high-frequency clock after the frequency-division processing.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of sequentially starting a plurality of ADCs to sample the lightning voltage and the lightning current according to the plurality of sequential pulses comprises: The lightning strike voltage or the lightning strike current is simultaneously connected to a plurality of the ADCs, and the plurality of ADCs are sequentially started to perform analog-to-digital conversion according to the sequential pulses to complete sampling of the lightning strike voltage or the lightning strike current.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The sequentially starting the plurality of ADCs to sample the lightning voltage and the lightning current comprises: The m ADCs alternately sample the same lightning voltage or lightning current according to the plurality of sequential pulses, wherein the clock phase deviation of adjacent ADCs is 2π / m.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The plurality of ADCs sequentially output the sampled signals, including: The plurality of ADCs trigger a third interrupt response signal after performing analog-to-digital conversion on the sampling signal; sequentially reading the output of the ADC according to the first of the third interrupt response signals until the output of the ADC is invalid; According to the mth third interrupt response signal, the outputs of the ADCs are read sequentially starting from the output of the ADC whose reading is completed according to the m-1th third interrupt response signal until the sequential reading of the outputs of the plurality of ADCs is completed.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After sequentially starting the plurality of ADCs to sample the lightning voltage and the lightning current, the method further includes: The sampling results are latched.

12. A communication power supply lightning strike counting device, characterized in that: include: Microprocessor, beat generator, voltage sensor, current sensor, time interleaved analog-to-digital converter TIADC, among which, The microprocessor is used to generate a high-frequency clock; The beat generator is used to generate a plurality of sequential pulses for a plurality of analog-to-digital converters ADC in the TIADC according to the high-frequency clock; The voltage sensor is used to collect the lightning strike voltage and perform conditioning on the lightning strike voltage; The current sensor is used to collect lightning current and perform conditioning on the lightning current; The TIADC is used to sequentially start the multiple ADCs to sample the lightning voltage and the lightning current according to the multiple sequential pulses.

13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that Also includes: Ordinary counter and high-speed counter, among which, The ordinary counter is used to count the number of lightning strikes; The high-speed counter is used to time the duration of a single lightning strike and the duration of an interval between lightning strikes.

14. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that It also includes: a first voltage comparator and a second voltage comparator, wherein: The first voltage comparator is used to compare the comparison voltage with the first voltage threshold, determine whether a lightning strike occurs, and output a first level signal; The second voltage comparator is used to compare the comparison voltage with the second voltage threshold, determine whether to start sampling the lightning strike voltage and the lightning strike current, and output a second level signal.

15. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that The microprocessor is further used to trigger a first interrupt response signal according to a rising edge of the first level signal, wherein the first interrupt response signal is used to instruct a first high-speed counter in the high-speed counter to obtain a timing start time of a single lightning strike duration; The microprocessor is further used to trigger a second interrupt response signal according to a falling edge of the first level signal, and the second interrupt response signal is used to instruct the first high-speed counter to obtain the timing end time of the single lightning impact duration.

16. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that The microprocessor is further configured to trigger a third interrupt response signal after the plurality of ADCs sample the lightning voltage and the lightning current, wherein the third interrupt response signal is used to indicate reading of the outputs of the plurality of ADCs.

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