Intelligent measuring drill rod based on chirp 45-degree inclined grating and measuring method of intelligent measuring drill rod

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil erosion monitoring, and relates to an intelligent measuring drill rod based on a chirp 45-degree inclined grating and a measuring method of the intelligent measuring drill rod. The measuring borer comprises a light source module, a grating module and a signal processing module; the grating module adopts a chirp 45-degree inclined grating; the light source module is used for generating laser beams with continuous wavelengths; a circulator and a polarizer are arranged between the light source module and the grating module; when the incident laser wavelength of the grating module is matched with the local period of the grating, the laser beam is reflected to the main light path; the circulator is connected with a photoelectric detector, and light reflected by the grating module is received by the photoelectric detector after passing through the polarizer and the circulator; and the signal processing module is connected with the photoelectric detector and is used for analyzing the electric signal so as to monitor the change of reflected light at the interface of the soil and the air, monitor the change of the soil air position and further monitor the real-time state of soil erosion. The problem that data reading and analysis need to be conducted manually at present is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil erosion monitoring, and relates to an intelligent soil erosion measuring device based on a chirped 45-degree inclined grating and a measuring method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil erosion is a surface destruction process caused by the combined effects of the natural environment and human activities, and is common in agricultural farmland, river banks, slopes and other areas. With the intensification of climate change and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events (such as rainstorms and floods), the problem of soil erosion has become increasingly serious. Erosion not only leads to the loss of surface soil, reduces soil fertility, and affects agricultural production, but may also cause geological disasters such as landslides and reservoir siltation, which seriously threaten the stability of the ecosystem and human safety. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to conduct real-time monitoring and early warning of soil erosion, grasp the dynamic changes of the erosion process, and provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation and disaster prevention.

[0003] At present, commonly used soil erosion monitoring technologies include ultrasonic sensing, laser ranging, and various types of ground sensors. These monitoring methods usually use a top-down signal transmission method, that is, ultrasonic or laser signals are transmitted from the measuring device to the surface of the ground, and the height change of the soil surface is calculated by receiving the reflected signal. Although this method is simple and easy to operate, it also has obvious limitations: First, due to the presence of complex surface materials (such as rocks, vegetation, weeds, etc.), the reflected signal is easily disturbed, resulting in large measurement errors. Especially in areas with heavy vegetation coverage, the signal will be reflected by weeds or other obstacles, making it impossible for the monitoring system to accurately reflect the real changes in the soil.

[0004] Secondly, traditional ultrasonic or laser measurement equipment has limited spatial resolution and sensitivity, making it difficult to provide high-precision monitoring data, especially when the degree of erosion is relatively light and the soil surface changes are subtle.

[0005] In addition, these devices have poor adaptability to different types of soil conditions and require frequent parameter adjustments to obtain accurate results.

[0006] Currently, some monitoring equipment on the market are mostly discrete data acquisition systems that rely on manual data reading and analysis. This not only increases the cost and workload of monitoring, but also limits the real-time nature and wide application of data. Due to the lack of remote transmission and real-time analysis functions, many systems can only perform single-point monitoring and cannot meet the dynamic monitoring needs of soil erosion in large areas.

[0007] Therefore, how to improve the anti-interference capability, resolution and real-time monitoring level of monitoring equipment has become an important technical challenge facing soil and water conservation and geological disaster early warning systems. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent brazing measurement and a measurement method thereof based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, which solves the problem of currently relying on manual data reading and analysis.

[0009] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The invention discloses an intelligent measuring device based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, comprising a light source module, a grating module and a signal processing module; The grating module adopts a chirped 45° inclined grating. When in use, the grating module is partially buried underground; The light source module is used to generate a laser beam with a continuous wavelength; A circulator and a polarizer are arranged between the light source module and the grating module; The polarizer is used to adjust the polarization direction of the laser beam so that the laser beam is incident on the grating module in the form of TE polarized light; when the incident laser wavelength of the grating module matches the local period of the grating, the laser beam is reflected to the main optical path; The circulator is connected to a photodetector, and the light reflected by the grating module passes through the polarizer and the circulator and is received by the photodetector; The signal processing module is connected to the photoelectric detector and is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and analyze the electrical signal to monitor the change of reflected light at the soil-air interface, monitor the change of soil-air position, and further monitor the real-time status of soil erosion.

[0010] Further, the intelligent drill measuring device comprises a housing; The light source module, the grating module, the signal processing module, the circulator, the polarizer and the photodetector are all arranged in the housing; When in use, part of the shell is buried in the soil underground, and the grating module is vertically arranged in the shell.

[0011] Furthermore, a solar panel is provided at one end of the shell, and the solar panel provides power for the intelligent drill measuring device.

[0012] Furthermore, the front end of the shell is a pointed end.

[0013] Furthermore, a wireless transmission module is provided at one end of the shell, and the wireless transmission module is connected to the signal processing module.

[0014] Furthermore, the signal processing module is connected to a remote terminal via a wireless communication module, so as to transmit the processing result of the signal processing module to the remote terminal in real time.

[0015] Furthermore, the light source module adopts a swept-frequency laser.

[0016] Further, when TE polarized light is incident on the tilted grating, the light is reflected out of the optical fiber when the laser wavelength λ satisfies the condition shown in the following equation;

[0017] Where Ʌ is the grating period and n1 is the refractive index of the fiber core.

[0018] Further, the signal processing module includes a signal processing unit, a noise suppression unit, a soil erosion trend analysis unit, a data storage unit and a communication unit connected in sequence; A signal processing unit for analyzing the electrical signal output by the photoelectric detector in real time to determine the changes in the soil-air interface; A noise suppression unit, used for filtering the noise of the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit; A soil erosion trend analysis unit, used for performing soil erosion trend analysis on the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit; A storage unit, used for storing and backing up data; The communication unit is used to transmit the processing results of the soil erosion trend analysis unit to the monitoring platform and mobile devices in real time to realize remote monitoring.

[0019] The present invention also discloses a method for intelligently measuring a brazing material based on a chirped 45° inclined grating, which comprises the following steps: Drive the intelligent measuring rod into the soil to ensure that the grating module is partially above ground and partially underground; The light source module emits a continuous wavelength laser beam, which passes through the circulator, is filtered by the polarizer and converted into TE linear polarized light, and then incident on the grating module; As the light source module sweeps, the wavelength of the incident light changes. The grating module uses the linear chirp characteristic to make lasers of different wavelengths be reflected at different positions. When the laser wavelength matches the local period of the grating, the reflected light beam enters the main optical path and is received by the photodetector and converted into an electrical signal. When the reflected light beam reaches the soil / air interface, the intensity of the reflected light changes significantly: if the reflected light is in the soil area, the light signal is strong; when the light beam enters the air area, the reflected signal is weak. The signal processing module analyzes the mutation signal generated by the change of reflected light intensity with the soil-air interface, determines the position change of the soil / air interface, and then obtains the real-time status of soil erosion.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The invention discloses an intelligent soil erosion sensor based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, comprising a light source module, a grating module, a polarizer, a photodetector and a signal processing module. The grating module adopts a linear chirp structure and is partially buried underground, thereby avoiding interference of surface weeds and obstacles on the signal. The light source module generates a laser of continuous wavelength, adjusts the laser beam to TE polarized light through a polarizer, and guides it to be incident on the grating. The grating uses its linear chirp characteristics to make lasers of different wavelengths reflected at different positions. When the laser wavelength matches the local period of the grating, the reflected light beam enters the main optical path, is received by the photodetector, and converted into an electrical signal. The signal processing module analyzes the mutation signal generated by the change of the reflected light intensity with the soil-air interface, can accurately capture the slight position change of the soil-air interface, and realize high-precision monitoring of soil erosion. The intelligent soil erosion sensor has a compact structure design, can avoid interference from factors such as surface stones and weeds, and improve monitoring accuracy; this innovative design not only improves the resolution and sensitivity of the measurement, but also reduces the interference of surface objects, so that the intelligent soil erosion sensor can operate stably in a complex environment. In conclusion, the intelligent measuring rod of the present invention not only overcomes the shortcomings of traditional measuring technology, but also provides a more reliable, stable and intelligent solution for soil erosion monitoring, and has broad application prospects.

[0021] Furthermore, the intelligent soil erosion sensor supports wireless data transmission and remote monitoring, and can realize dynamic monitoring and data recording of soil erosion in a large area, providing strong technical support for soil and water conservation and disaster early warning. By accurately monitoring the soil erosion process, the system helps managers take targeted measures in a timely manner to reduce or avoid ecological and economic losses caused by erosion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the chirped 45° tilted fiber Bragg grating soil interface position monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a typical optical path architecture; Figure 3 It is a typical intelligent drill measuring structure; Among them, 1. Shell; 2. Grating module; 3. Light source module; 4. Circulator; 5. Polarizer; 6. Photodetector; 7. Signal processing module; 8. Wireless transmission module; 9. Solar panel.

[0023] Figure 4 It is the principle of determining the soil position by the reflected light intensity; wherein, Figure a is the change curve of the reflected wavelength between the initial installation position and the measurement; Figure b is the change of the soil position between the initial installation position and the measurement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention, that is, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0024] The components described and shown in the drawings and embodiments of the present invention may be arranged and designed in various configurations. Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the following drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents a selected embodiment of the present invention. Based on the drawings and embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variants are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, element, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to the process, element, method, article or device. In addition, the term "vertical" is based on the orientation and positional relationship of the device or component shown in the drawings, and is only for the purpose of better describing the present invention, rather than requiring the device, component or device shown to have this specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0026] The features and performances of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention discloses an intelligent sensor based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, comprising a light source module 3, a grating module 2, a polarizer 5, a circulator 4, a photodetector 6 and a signal processing module 7. These components can form a complete monitoring system through precise layout and connection. The housing of the sensor is made of corrosion-resistant material and has good waterproof properties to ensure its long-term stable operation in various harsh environments.

[0028] The light source module 3 adopts a frequency-sweeping laser, which has the function of continuously scanning within a set wavelength range.

[0029] The circulator 4 and the polarizer 5 are arranged between the light source module 3 and the grating module 2. The circulator 4 is mainly used to adapt the laser signal to ensure that the light beam enters the grating in a suitable form. The function of the polarizer 5 is to adjust the laser beam to TE polarized light to optimize the reflection performance of the light.

[0030] like Figure 1As shown, the grating module 2 adopts a linear chirped grating structure, the grating plane is tilted at 45° to the incident angle of the light beam, embedded in the probe structure, and partially buried underground. This tilted structure breaks the circular symmetry of the optical fiber, causing the propagation characteristics of light in the optical fiber to change, thereby producing some unique optical effects. The grating period changes continuously along the length direction, and can reflect light at different positions at different wavelengths.

[0031] The grating can be written using a chirped phase mask and is partially buried underground to ensure the desired optical properties while minimizing interference with surface obstacles.

[0032] The invention proposes an intelligent soil measurement system based on a chirped 45° tilted grating. The core of the system is to use a linear chirped grating combined with a swept frequency laser to achieve high-precision real-time monitoring of the soil erosion process through photoelectric detection and signal processing. The system design avoids the interference of surface debris (such as stones, weeds, vegetation, etc.) on the measurement signal by burying the grating part underground. The chirp characteristic of the grating makes the laser reflect at different positions at different wavelengths. Combined with the analysis of the change in reflected light intensity, it can accurately capture the dynamic changes of the soil-air interface and monitor the status and trend of soil erosion.

[0033] The grating module 2 is a chirped 45° tilted grating, such as Figure 1 As shown, when TE polarized light is incident on the tilted grating, when the laser wavelength λ satisfies the condition shown in equation (1), the light is reflected out of the optical fiber.

[0034] (1) Where Ʌ is the grating period and n1 is the refractive index of the fiber core.

[0035] When the grating period changes along the length direction, different wavelengths of light can be reflected at different positions of the grating. When the wavelength of the incident light is controllably changed using a swept laser, the position of the outgoing light can be controlled. By continuously changing the wavelength of the incident light, when the probe is buried in the soil, part of the light will be reflected, and when it reaches the air interface, the light will be directly transmitted out, thereby monitoring the changes in the position of the soil / air interface and obtaining the soil and water loss situation.

[0036] The basic principle of the present invention is as follows: the outgoing light of the light source module 3 passes through the circulator 4 and is filtered by the polarizer 5 into TE linear polarized light that can be reflected by the 45° tilted fiber grating. The grating module 2 adopts a linear chirped grating structure, and its grating period changes continuously along the length direction. As the wavelength of the laser continues to change, light of different wavelengths is reflected at different positions in the grating. The reflected light returns to the original optical path and enters the detector through the circulator 4 to control the scanning wavelength, thereby realizing the control of the light emission position. When it reaches the air / soil interface, the reflection disappears. By continuously monitoring the light intensity of the detector, the change of the soil position can be obtained.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the intelligent measuring device includes a housing 1; a light source module 3, a grating module 2, a signal processing module 7, a circulator 4, a polarizer 5 and a photodetector 6 are all arranged in the housing 1, the light source module 3, the circulator 4, the polarizer 5 and the grating module 2 are connected, the circulator 4 is connected to the photodetector 6, and the photodetector 6 is connected to the signal processing module 7. When in use, part of the housing 1 is buried in the soil underground, and the grating module 2 is vertically arranged in the housing 1.

[0038] More preferably, the signal processing module 7 comprises a signal processing unit, a noise suppression unit, a soil erosion trend analysis unit, a data storage unit and a communication unit connected in sequence; A signal processing unit, used for real-time analysis of the electrical signal output by the photoelectric detector 6 to determine the change of the soil-air interface; A noise suppression unit, used for filtering the noise of the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit; A soil erosion trend analysis unit, used for performing soil erosion trend analysis on the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit; A storage unit, used for storing and backing up data; The communication unit is used to transmit the processing results of the soil erosion trend analysis unit to the monitoring platform and mobile devices in real time to realize remote monitoring.

[0039] More preferably, a solar panel 9 is further provided at one end of the housing 1, and the solar panel 9 provides power for the intelligent drill measuring device.

[0040] Preferably, the front end of the shell 1 is a pointed end, which is convenient for quick insertion into the soil.

[0041] Preferably, a wireless transmission module 8 is further provided at one end of the housing 1, and the wireless transmission module 8 is connected to the signal processing module 7, and is used to transmit the processing results of the signal processing module 7 to the monitoring platform and mobile devices in real time to realize remote monitoring. The intelligent measuring rod supports wireless transmission of measurement data, realizes remote monitoring and data recording, and the invention can be widely used in the fields of soil and water conservation, geological disaster warning, etc., and provides an effective solution for the accurate monitoring of soil erosion process.

[0042] The 45° tilted grating is embedded in the measuring rod structure and partially buried underground. The optical path and circuit components are placed inside the measuring rod. Based on this, an intelligent measuring rod system is built. Figure 3 As shown. Due to the partial burial of the grating structure, when the reflection point is located at the interface between soil and air, the intensity of the light reflected back to the main light path will change suddenly. Specifically, if the light beam is reflected in the soil area, a strong reflection signal will be generated; while in the air area, the transmittance of the light beam is enhanced and the reflection signal is weakened. This drastic change in the reflected light intensity marks the location of the soil / air interface and is captured by the photodetector 6.

[0043] The photodetector 6 is responsible for receiving the light signal reflected by the grating and converting it into an electrical signal. As soil erosion occurs, the interface between the buried grating and the air moves continuously, causing the reflection position of lasers of different wavelengths to change. These changes will directly affect the intensity of the light signal detected by the photodetector 6. The signal processing module 7 of the system analyzes the electrical signal output by the photodetector 6 in real time, and by comparing the intensity difference of the reflected signal at different times (corresponding to different wavelengths), it identifies the position change of the soil / air interface, and then monitors the status and trend of soil erosion, such as Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 As shown in Figure a, at the initial installation, the wavelength when the reflectivity changes is λ1, and the corresponding grating emission position is d1. Figure 4 As shown in Figure b, after measuring for a period of time, as the soil erosion changes, the wavelength change when the reflectivity changes is λ2, and the corresponding grating emission position is d2. Δd=d1-d2, Δd is the amount of soil erosion at the measurement point.

[0044] A notable feature of this measuring system is its high precision and high resolution. Due to the use of linear chirped gratings, the system can accurately detect small changes in the interface position during soil erosion. At the same time, through the partial burial design of the grating module 2, interference factors such as surface stones and weeds are effectively avoided, making the measurement results more reliable. The system supports remote data transmission function. After the photoelectric detector 6 is connected to the signal processing module 7, the analysis results can be transmitted to the remote monitoring terminal through a wireless network to achieve real-time monitoring and data recording. Managers can make scientific decisions based on real-time data, take soil and water conservation measures in a timely manner, and prevent further soil erosion or geological disasters.

[0045] When working, the laser first emits a continuous wavelength laser beam, which passes through the circulator 4, is filtered by the polarizer 5 and converted into TE linear polarized light, and then incident on the inclined grating module 2. When the laser wavelength and the local period of the grating meet a specific relationship (as shown in Formula 1), the laser beam is effectively reflected from the grating.

[0046] As the laser sweeps, the wavelength of the incident light changes, causing light of different wavelengths to be reflected at different positions of the grating. When the light beam reaches the junction of the soil / air interface, the intensity of the reflected light will change significantly: if the reflected light is in the soil area, the light signal intensity is strong; when the light beam enters the air area, the reflected signal is significantly weakened. This change provides information about the position change of the soil / air interface.

[0047] After the reflected light returns to the original optical path through the circulator 4, it is received by the photodetector 6, and the received optical signal is converted into an electrical signal. The sensitivity of the photodetector 6 enables it to capture small changes in light intensity, which are directly related to changes in frequency and interface position.

[0048] The electrical signal converted by the photoelectric detector 6 is transmitted to the signal processing module 7, which analyzes the intensity of the reflected light in real time and compares the signal intensity difference at different times to determine the change of the soil-air interface. By setting a predefined threshold, the system can automatically determine the occurrence of soil erosion and issue an alarm in time. The signal processing module 7 also has the ability to connect to an external communication network, and can upload the monitoring data to a remote monitoring terminal through a wireless network, thereby realizing real-time recording and monitoring of data.

[0049] The monitoring terminal provides operators with an intuitive user interface, which displays the change curve of the soil-air interface, the degree of erosion, and related data analysis results in real time. Managers can make scientific decisions based on real-time data, take soil and water conservation measures in a timely manner, and prevent soil loss or related geological disasters.

[0050] Application Examples In practical applications, the probe can be installed in areas prone to erosion, such as around reservoirs and agricultural slopes. For example, in an actual application case, the probe was deployed in the reservoir area of ​​a hydropower station. When it was deployed, the reflection wavelength was 1531.8nm, and the corresponding position was 502.2mm. After 6 months of monitoring, the reflection wavelength changed to 1531.6nm, and the corresponding position was 501.8mm, which means that 0.4mm of soil loss occurred in the area in 6 months. Therefore, by regularly monitoring the data, potential risks of soil loss can be identified. After a rainstorm event, the probe detected the sudden change in data in real time, alerting managers to take measures, such as implementing vegetation restoration or soil and water conservation projects in key areas, thereby effectively reducing the losses caused by soil erosion.

[0051] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide an efficient, stable and intelligent soil erosion monitoring technology, which is applicable to various geological conditions and environments, and can provide effective technical support for the fields of soil and water conservation, soil regression, etc. The design and configuration of the drilling system ensures its high reliability and practicality in practical applications.

[0052] In summary, the present invention provides a stable, reliable and intelligent soil erosion monitoring system by combining the optical reflection principle with high-precision signal processing. The system is applicable to various geological conditions and soil types, and can be widely used in areas prone to erosion such as reservoirs, river banks, and slopes, providing effective technical support for soil and water conservation and ecological environment monitoring.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent brazing measurement system based on a chirped 45° tilted grating, characterized in that: It comprises a light source module (3), a grating module (2) and a signal processing module (7); The grating module (2) adopts a chirped 45° inclined grating. When in use, the grating module (2) is partially buried underground; The light source module (3) is used to generate a laser beam with a continuous wavelength; A circulator (4) and a polarizer (5) are provided between the light source module (3) and the grating module (2); The polarizer (5) is used to adjust the polarization direction of the laser beam so that the laser beam is incident on the grating module (2) in the form of TE polarized light; when the incident laser wavelength of the grating module (2) matches the local period of the grating, the laser beam is reflected to the main light path; The circulator (4) is connected to a photodetector (6), and the light reflected by the grating module (2) passes through the polarizer (5) and the circulator (4) and is then received by the photodetector (6); The signal processing module (7) is connected to the photoelectric detector (6) and is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and analyze the electrical signal to monitor the change of reflected light at the soil-air interface, monitor the change of soil-air position, and further monitor the real-time status of soil erosion.

2. The intelligent brazing measurement system based on chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent drill bit tester comprises a housing (1); The light source module (3), the grating module (2), the signal processing module (7), the circulator (4), the polarizer (5) and the photodetector (6) are all arranged in the housing (1); When in use, part of the housing (1) is buried in the soil underground, and the grating module (2) is vertically arranged in the housing (1).

3. The intelligent brazing measurement system based on chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A solar panel (9) is also provided at one end of the housing (1), and the solar panel (9) provides power for the intelligent drill measuring device.

4. The intelligent brazing measuring device based on chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The front end of the shell (1) is a pointed end.

5. The intelligent brazing measurement system based on chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A wireless transmission module (8) is also provided at one end of the housing (1), and the wireless transmission module (8) is connected to the signal processing module (7).

6. The intelligent brazing measurement system based on chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 5, characterized in that: The signal processing module (7) is connected to a remote terminal via a wireless communication module, and is used to transmit the processing result of the signal processing module (7) to the remote terminal in real time.

7. The intelligent brazing measurement system based on chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The light source module (3) adopts a frequency-sweeping laser.

8. The intelligent brazing measurement system based on chirped 45° tilted grating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When TE polarized light is incident on the tilted grating, the light is reflected out of the optical fiber when the laser wavelength λ satisfies the conditions shown in the following equation; Where Ʌ is the grating period and n1 is the refractive index of the fiber core.

9. An intelligent brazing measurement based on a chirped 45° tilted grating according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The signal processing module (7) comprises a signal processing unit, a noise suppression unit, a soil erosion trend analysis unit, a data storage unit and a communication unit which are connected in sequence; A signal processing unit, used for analyzing the electrical signal output by the photoelectric detector (6) in real time to determine the change of the soil-air interface; A noise suppression unit, used for filtering the noise of the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit; A soil erosion trend analysis unit, used for performing soil erosion trend analysis on the electrical signal output by the signal processing unit; A storage unit, used for storing and backing up data; The communication unit is used to transmit the processing results of the soil erosion trend analysis unit to the monitoring platform and mobile devices in real time to realize remote monitoring.

10. An intelligent brazing measurement method based on a chirped 45° tilted grating according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The process includes: Driving the intelligent measuring rod into the soil to ensure that the grating module (2) is partially above ground and partially underground; The light source module (3) emits a laser beam of continuous wavelength, and after passing through the circulator (4), the laser beam is filtered by the polarizer (5) and converted into TE linear polarized light, and then incident on the grating module (2); As the light source module (3) is swept, the wavelength of the incident light changes, and the grating module (2) uses the linear chirp characteristic to cause lasers of different wavelengths to be reflected at different positions; when the laser wavelength matches the local period of the grating, the reflected light beam enters the main light path and is received by the photodetector (6) and converted into an electrical signal; When the reflected light beam reaches the soil / air interface, the intensity of the reflected light changes significantly: if the reflected light is in the soil area, the light signal is strong; when the light beam enters the air area, the reflected signal is weak. The signal processing module (7) analyzes the mutation signal generated by the change of the reflected light intensity with the soil-air interface, determines the position change of the soil / air interface, and then obtains the real-time status of soil erosion.

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