Construction method for breaking and removing freezing pipe of vertical shaft horsehead

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method for breaking and removing a freezing pipe through a vertical shaft ingate, and belongs to the ingate construction technology. Rock around the pipe is stripped upwards along the freezing pipe, and an annular space in the shape of a circular truncated cone extending upwards is formed; 2, before hole cutting and water discharging, steel belts are welded to the two sides of the freezing pipe, the two faces are fully welded firmly, and anchor rods are used for fixing; thirdly, at least one circle of twisted steel is welded to the lower middle position of the exposed part of the freezing pipe; fourthly, construction is conducted to the position of each penetrating freezing pipe along the top of the chamber, the freezing pipes exposed out of the top of the chamber are cut off, the freezing pipes are cut into horizontal ports, and plug steel plates are welded to the ports; and fifthly, when concrete pouring is conducted in the annular space, one grouting pipe needs to be embedded in each of the middle top and the two sides of the permanent chamber, the inlet end of each grouting pipe needs to be externally reserved on the outer side of the permanent support of the chamber, and a valve is installed so that grouting can be controlled in the future. According to the construction method, the freezing pipe can be safely and reliably broken, and the construction efficiency is extremely high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shaft horse head door construction, and in particular to a shaft horse head door construction method for removing frozen pipes. Background Art

[0002] Removing frozen pipes at the connection between the vertical shaft and the horizontal tunnel is a key link in the construction of shaft and tunnel projects, because breaking the horse head door and exposing the frozen pipes is very dangerous, drilling leakage and sandblasting occur very frequently, and improper handling methods may even lead to accidents such as frozen pipe sliding and well flooding.

[0003] Specifically, there are many difficulties in the construction of unfreezing pipes at the connection between the vertical shaft and the horizontal main roadway. For example, the geological structure at the connection may be very complex, and there may be special geological areas such as faults and broken zones. Before construction, even if detailed geological exploration is carried out, the actual geological conditions revealed may still deviate from the exploration results, bringing additional difficulties to the construction. For example, when encountering faults, the rocks are broken and the stability is poor, which increases the risk of roof collapse and slab collapse in the roadway during construction. At the same time, there may be multiple aquifers in the construction area with high water pressure and abundant water. After the frozen pipes are broken, the groundwater loses the barrier of the frozen wall and is very easy to flow into the shaft and main roadway, causing well flooding accidents. In addition, the existence of quicksand layers is also a major hidden danger. Quicksand may flow out with groundwater, causing the formation around the shaft and roadway to collapse, seriously affecting construction safety and project progress.

[0004] In addition, the uncertainty of the position and state of the frozen pipes also increases the difficulty of construction. Although there is a layout diagram of the frozen pipes before construction, in actual construction, the position of the frozen pipes may shift due to factors such as frost heave and deformation of the soil during the freezing process. At the same time, the frozen pipes may be closely combined with the surrounding frozen soil during the long freezing process, and may even deform and be damaged, which increases the difficulty of accurate detection and removal.

[0005] Finally, in the relatively narrow space where the shaft and the horizontal tunnel meet, although the traditional large-scale demolition equipment has strong excavation and demolition capabilities, it is easy to be unable to use it, and the demolition capabilities of small tools are limited, and the labor intensity is too high. In addition, considering the protection of the surrounding structures, too drastic demolition methods cannot be used, which makes the demolition work slow and difficult to guarantee a successful demolition in one go. Therefore, it is crucial to explore a technology that can ensure safe and efficient construction and is easy to promote. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the introduction of the above technical status quo, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method for breaking frozen pipes through a vertical shaft horse head door, so as to better solve the problems of difficulty in breaking frozen pipes, low efficiency, and easy to cause safety accidents.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts a construction method for breaking frozen pipes with a vertical shaft horse head door, which includes the following steps: step 1: peel off the rock around the frozen pipe upward to form a frustum-shaped annular space extending upward, with the large end of the annular space facing downward; step 2: before cutting a hole to release water, weld steel strips on both sides of the frozen pipe, fully weld both sides firmly, and fix them with anchor rods; step 3: weld at least one circle of threaded steel bars at the lower middle position of the exposed part of the frozen pipe; step 4: construct along the top of the chamber to the position of each frozen pipe passed through, cut off the frozen pipes leaking from the top of the chamber, cut the frozen pipes into horizontal ports, and weld plug steel plates on the ports; step 5: when pouring concrete into the annular space, a grouting pipe should be pre-buried in the top and two sides of the permanent chamber, and the inlet end of the grouting pipe should be left outside the permanent support of the chamber, and a valve should be installed to control the grouting in the future.

[0008] Furthermore, concrete is sprayed in layers on the space hollowed out around the freezing pipes, and then the chamber is supported, requiring the arch and the walls to be filled with concrete to be solid and dense.

[0009] Furthermore, after the permanent support of the chamber is completed, a single liquid slurry is injected to fill the gap between the space excavated after the wall and the surrounding rock, as well as the gap between the freezing pipe and the surrounding rock.

[0010] Furthermore, the depth of the annular space is 1 m, and the bottom diameter is 0.8 to 1.0 m.

[0011] Furthermore, the steel strip is 65 mm thick and arranged at a right angle, and the anchor rod vertically passes through the horizontal section of the steel strip and is fixed thereto.

[0012] Further, the diameter of the threaded steel bar is 25 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, during construction, the freezing pipes that leak out beyond 800mm from the top of the chamber need to be cut off; the diameter of the grouting pipe is 40mm, the thickness is 3mm, and the grouting pipe should be left 300㎜ outside the permanent support of the chamber, and the grouting pressure should not exceed 7Mpa.

[0014] Furthermore, when processing the annular space, a conical drill tool is used to first drill vertically upward to a depth and then expand the hole radially; the conical drill tool includes a plurality of conical shell-shaped drill bits in an annular array, and the inner sides of the interval gaps between the drill bits are tightly attached to the inner sides thereof, and the inner linings completely block the interval gaps; the inner sides of the drill bits and the inner linings are respectively fixed with a first transmission arm and a second transmission arm along their radial directions, and the ends of all the transmission arms have a cylindrical gear segment, and the end faces of the cylindrical gear segments are threadedly screwed with a guide stud, and the ends of the guide studs are all fixed on the same mounting tube, and the mounting tube can also allow the freezing pipe to pass axially, and the top end thereof has drilling teeth; the cylindrical gears on the first transmission arm and the second transmission arm are respectively driven by the first planar gear ring and the second planar gear ring, so that when the planar gear ring rotates, all the transmission arms meshing therewith move axially synchronously, and the movement speeds of the two transmission arms are the same.

[0015] Furthermore, the two planar gear rings are coaxially aligned and fixed together by a number of crank arms in a circular array. The first planar gear is located below the second planar gear, and a number of transmission rods are fixed in a circular array on the end face of the second planar gear. The transmission rods pass through the end face of the drill bit and are fixed on the end face of a driving ring. The driving ring is connected to the motive equipment through a crankshaft to drive the driving ring to rotate. After the mounting cylinder passes through the end face of the driving ring, it is fixed to the existing surrounding structures by a number of fixing rods.

[0016] Furthermore, carbide drill edges are embedded in both sides of the drill piece in the circumferential direction, and a spiral conveying edge is fixed on the surface of the drill piece between the two drill edges to convey the drill cuttings downward from the spiral conveying edge during the drilling process. A fan-shaped fan-shaped drill plate is fixed on the top of the drill piece, and the fan-shaped drill plate can drill and cut axially. In the assembled state, the fan-shaped drill plates are spliced ​​to each other into a complete annular structure, and all the drill pieces are in contact with each other to form a complete conical structure.

[0017] A construction method for removing frozen pipes with a vertical shaft horse head gate of the present invention can automatically and efficiently excavate the rock and soil around the frozen pipes, expose the frozen pipes, and then backfill and pour concrete. Specifically, first use strip steel plates and anchor rods to fix the frozen pipes along the top and bottom plates of the chamber, then cut holes to drain water, cut off the frozen pipes, seal with steel plates, pre-embed grouting pipes, spray grout around the frozen pipes, and finally cast the whole chamber with the grouting and seal. The method has the characteristics of simple structure, safety, speed, low cost, and significant water-isolating effect, and can be widely used in horse head gates to remove frozen pipes in freezing method construction.

[0018] In addition, the present invention also fully considers the problems encountered in the prior art, such as the small working space and the inability of traditional construction equipment to be used, and specifically adopts more automatic and efficient excavation drilling tools to protect the frozen pipes while quickly excavating. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The following are auxiliary illustrations for explaining some specific embodiments of the present invention. The drawings described are mainly the principles of the specific operation execution structures or methods of some embodiments of the present invention. However, this does not mean that the physical structure or operation steps of the present invention can only be as shown in the drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a construction structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a drilling diagram of a conical drilling tool; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Middle AA section view; Figure 4 It is a partial schematic diagram of the conical drilling tool where the drill rod is provided; Figure 5 It is a driving structure diagram of a driving ring; Figure 6 It is a top view of another structure of a conical drilling tool in the assembled state.

[0021] Explanation of component numbers: freezing pipe 1, frozen original rock 2, anchor rod 3, steel belt 4, steel bar 5, concrete 6, sealing steel plate 7, permanent support of chamber 8, grouting valve 9, grouting pipe 10, drill bit 11, lining piece 12, first transmission arm 13, second transmission arm 14, cylindrical gear segment 15, first flat gear ring 16, second flat gear ring 17, guide stud 18, mounting tube 19, drive ring 21, fixing rod 22, drill rod 23, transmission rod 24, crankshaft 25, drive equipment 26, fan-shaped drill plate 27, spiral teeth 2701. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will be fully described below, and some core features of the embodiments will be specifically shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals in the drawings represent the same or similar technical features, or structures or steps or processes with similar functions. Other embodiments replaced by ordinary technicians based on these embodiments without the need for creative work also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] See also Figure 1As a specific embodiment, firstly, the rock around the freezing pipe 1 is peeled upward to form a truncated cone-shaped annular space with a depth of 1m and a diameter of 0.8-1.0m, for example, the bottom diameter is m=1000mm, the top diameter is n=800mm, and the depth is h=1000mm. Before cutting a hole to drain water, a 65mm steel belt 4 is welded on both sides of the freezing pipe 1, and both sides are fully welded firmly, and fixed with an anchor rod 3 to prevent a falling accident when cutting a hole to drain water. A φ25mm threaded steel bar 5 is welded in a circle at the middle lower position of the leaking part of the freezing pipe 1, which plays a secondary fixing role for the freezing pipe 1 during the pouring of concrete 6. In addition, it is necessary to construct along the top of the chamber at the connection to the position of each freezing pipe 1 passed through, cut off the freezing pipe 1 outside the top of the chamber leaking f=800mm, and cut the freezing pipe 1 into a flush mouth, that is, the end is flush, so as to weld the sealing steel plate 7 as the plugging steel plate. When pouring concrete 6, a φ40×3mm (thick) grouting pipe 10 is pre-buried in the top and two sides of the permanent chamber. The grouting pipe 10 should be left 300mm outside the permanent support 8 of the chamber, and a DN40 grouting valve 9 is left for future grouting. The grouting pressure is not more than 7Mpa. Specifically, the role of the grouting valve 9 is to control the grouting pressure, which makes the grouting process more flexible and accurate. The grouting pressure and flow rate can be adjusted as needed to ensure that the slurry is evenly and fully filled into the target area, improve the grouting effect, and reduce waste and pollution; in addition, it can also prevent the formation pressure from damaging the grouting pipe 10, and prevent the excessive water pressure from spraying out through the grouting pipe 10 through the fault and broken zone, causing an accident. In the hollowed space around the freezing pipe 1, concrete 6 is sprayed in layers, and then the chamber is supported. It is required that the arch and the wall are all filled with concrete to be solid and dense. After the permanent support 8 of the chamber is completed, the single liquid slurry is then injected to fill the space excavated behind the wall and the surrounding rock, as well as the gap between the freezing pipe 1 and the surrounding rock; in the specific implementation structure, the freezing pipe 1 is reinforced and sealed. Figure 1 During construction, if you encounter a temperature measuring hole, you must also handle it in the same way as freezing pipe 1.

[0024] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the safety of exposing the frozen pipe 1, after the wellbore is constructed to the bottom, a comprehensive analysis is conducted based on construction experience combined with the freezing cycle, freezing depth and construction season, and the frozen wall is allowed to thaw naturally before the horse head gate construction is started. This is the best time to expose the frozen pipe 1. In order to prevent water and sediment from flowing into the horse head gate construction site through the annular space and causing well flooding accidents, the grouting mechanism of the annular space around the freezing hole is analyzed, and a frustum-shaped space is excavated around the freezing pipe 1. A grouting pipe 10 is buried in the frustum-shaped space close to the wall of the freezing pipe 1 for grouting reinforcement. Finally, the frustum-shaped space is backfilled with concrete 6 in layers.

[0025] Specifically in practice, to be more specific, when processing the annular space, according to actual construction needs, a pneumatic pick can be used to directly break the well wall and peel off the frozen pipe, or a conical drill can be used to drill vertically upward to a certain depth, and then expand the hole radially. This depth can be directly to the bottom, that is, 1 meter deep, or it can be formed after multiple drillings and expansions according to the state of the rock formation. Figure 2-Figure 3 As shown, it specifically includes a plurality of circular arrays of conical shell-shaped drill bits 11, and the inner side of the interval gaps between the drill bits 11 is closely attached to the inner side of the inner lining 12. The purpose of this inner lining 12 is mainly to completely block the interval gaps to form a relatively closed conical drilling structure. If necessary, a fan-shaped drill plate 27 can be set at the top of the drill bit 11. The fan-shaped drill plate 27 is fixed on the top surface of the drill bit 11. It is a fan-shaped structure itself, and a series of spiral teeth 2701 can be set on the surface. Under normal conditions during assembly, it can be designed to make the top of the conical drilling tool closed, that is, all the fan-shaped drill plates 27 are combined into a circular ring, and all the drill bits 11 are combined into a closed conical structure, that is, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown; therefore, it has a better axial drilling ability to deal with hard rock formations or improve the efficiency of drilling and hollowing, and it can drill directly without using other tools to drill a sample hole in advance and then expand the hole and cut. As one of the specific implementation methods, the so-called simple hole expansion excavation can first use a small drill to drill directly axially, or manually assist in excavation to form a smaller sample hole, which can well avoid damaging the freezing pipe 1; then, the conical drill is axially inserted, and all the drill pieces 11 and the inner lining pieces 12 are synchronously moved radially to rapidly expand the above-mentioned sample hole, and then hollow out the structure around the freezing pipe 1 to obtain the above-mentioned truncated cone-shaped annular space with a regular shape and a stable hole shape. More specifically, the inner side of the drill piece 11 and the inner lining piece 12 are also fixed with a first transmission arm 13 and a second transmission arm 14 along their radial direction, respectively, each of which is used to drive the corresponding sheet to move, so as to realize the rotary excavation of the original sample hole and hollow out the surrounding rock and soil layers. For the design of the movement of the transmission arm, the ends of all the transmission arms in this embodiment have a cylindrical gear section 15, that is, the tooth thickness in the axial direction is extremely large and extends to the entire axial length. The end surface of the cylindrical gear section 15 is screwed with a guide stud 18 in a threaded manner, and the ends of the guide stud 18 are fixed to the same mounting tube 19, and the mounting tube 19 can also allow the freezing pipe 1 to pass axially.

[0026] As a preferred construction method, the top of the above-mentioned installation tube 19 has drilling teeth, so that when the freezing pipe 1 is put on during construction, it can also drill itself when it is adaptively rotated with the external driving force, and cooperate with the above-mentioned drill bit 11 to drill out a truncated cone-shaped annular cavity. The above-mentioned inner lining 12 can always fit with the inner wall of the drill bit 11 when the drill bit 11 moves radially outward, forming a closed conical shell structure, so that the drill cuttings generated by the hole expansion processing during radial movement are mainly discharged from the conical surface. During construction, the cylindrical gears on the first transmission arm 13 and the second transmission arm 14 can be driven by the first planar gear ring 16 and the second planar gear ring 17 respectively, so that when the planar gear ring rotates, all the transmission arms meshing therewith move axially synchronously, and the movement speed of the two transmission arms is the same, so that when the drill bit 11 moves radially, it is always in contact with the inner lining 12 as a whole.

[0027] In the above implementation method, the two plane gear rings are coaxially aligned and fixed together by a plurality of crank arms in a ring array, so that synchronous transmission can be achieved. In practice, the two transmission arms can be exactly the same, so that the displacement feed amount of the transmission is the same, that is, the telescopic movement is synchronized. Figure 2-Figure 3 The first plane gear can be located below the second plane gear, and a plurality of transmission rods 24 are fixed in a circular array on the end face of the second plane gear. After the transmission rods 24 pass through the end face of the drill bit 11, they are fixed on the end face of a driving ring 21. Figure 5 , the driving ring 21 is connected to the motor equipment through a crankshaft 25 to drive the driving ring 21 to rotate, or it can be driven by conventional transmission such as gear transmission or belt transmission. In practice, if the drill bit 11 needs to move radially and feed axially at the same time, a hydraulic push rod or cylinder can be adaptively configured to push the driving ring 21 to move axially. In this embodiment, after the above-mentioned installation cylinder 19 passes through the end surface of the driving ring 21, it is fixed to the existing surrounding structure through a number of fixing rods 22. This is in the construction mode where the drill bit 11 only needs to move radially to expand the hole. If the drill bit 11 also needs to move axially, then correspondingly, the installation cylinder 19 itself also needs to be fed axially, the purpose is to maintain the thread matching relationship between the above-mentioned guide stud 18 and the cylindrical gear segment 15. Then one of the equally simple ways is to use an axial drive such as a cylinder or a hydraulic rod. The specific arrangement method is set according to the adaptability of the construction site environment.

[0028] In the above embodiments, Figure 4, it is necessary to embed carbide drill edges on both sides of the drill bit 11 in the circumferential direction, so as to expand the hole to hollow out the structure and obtain the above-mentioned annular space. A spiral conveying edge (not shown in the figure) can also be fixed on the surface of the drill bit 11 between the two drill edges, which is similar to the existing spiral drill rod chip removal principle. These conveying edges can convey the drill chips in the drilling process downward from the spiral conveying edge.

[0029] The above series of specific implementation details are merely some preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. A person skilled in the art can simply change the design ideas based on the understanding of the above embodiments and the reference to the basic principles recorded in the claims of the present invention. However, these design changes still fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for removing frozen pipes through a vertical shaft horse head door, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: peeling the rock around the freezing pipe (1) upwards to form an annular space in the shape of a truncated cone extending upwards, with the large end of the annular space facing downwards; Step 2: Before cutting a hole to drain water, a steel strip (4) is welded to both sides of the freezing pipe (1), both sides are fully welded and firmly fixed with an anchor rod (3); Step 3: The exposed part of the freezing pipe (1) is welded at least one circle with a threaded steel bar (5) at the lower middle position; Step 4: construct along the top of the chamber to the position of each freezing pipe (1) passing through, cut off the freezing pipe (1) leaking out of the top of the chamber, cut the freezing pipe (1) into a horizontal port, and weld a plug steel plate on the port; Step 5: When pouring concrete (6) into the annular space, a grouting pipe (10) should be pre-buried in the top and both sides of the permanent chamber. The inlet end of the grouting pipe (10) should be left outside the permanent support (8) of the chamber and a valve should be installed to control the grouting in the future.

2. A method for removing frozen pipes through a vertical shaft horse head door according to claim 1, characterized in that: Concrete (6) is sprayed layer by layer on the hollowed-out space around the freezing pipe (1), and then the chamber is supported. It is required that the vault and the wall are completely filled with concrete to be solid and dense.

3. A method for removing frozen pipes through a vertical shaft horse head door according to claim 2, characterized in that: After the permanent support (8) of the chamber is completed, a single liquid slurry is injected to fill the space between the excavated space behind the wall and the surrounding rock, as well as the gap between the freezing pipe (1) and the surrounding rock.

4. A method for removing frozen pipes through a vertical shaft horse head door according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular space has a depth of 1 m and a bottom diameter of 0.8 to 1.0 m.

5. A method for removing frozen pipes through a vertical shaft horse head door according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel strip (4) is 65 mm thick and arranged at a right angle, and the anchor rod (3) vertically passes through the horizontal section of the steel strip (4) and is fixed thereto.

6. A method for removing frozen pipes through a vertical shaft horse head door according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the threaded steel bar (5) is 25 mm.

7. A method for removing frozen pipes through a vertical shaft gate according to claim 1, characterized in that: During construction, the freezing pipe (1) leaking out of the top of the chamber beyond 800mm needs to be cut off; the diameter of the grouting pipe (10) is 40mm, the thickness is 3mm, and the grouting pipe (10) should be left 300mm outside the permanent support (8) of the chamber, and the grouting pressure is not more than 7Mpa.

8. A method for removing frozen pipes through a vertical shaft gate according to claim 1, characterized in that: When machining the annular space, a conical drill is used to first drill vertically upward to a certain depth and then expand the hole radially; the conical drill comprises a plurality of conical shell-shaped drill pieces (11) in an annular array, and inner lining pieces (12) are closely attached to the inner sides of the interval gaps between the drill pieces (11), and the inner lining pieces (12) completely block the interval gaps; A first transmission arm (13) and a second transmission arm (14) are respectively fixed to the inner side of the drill piece (11) and the inner lining piece (12) along their radial direction, and the ends of all the transmission arms have a cylindrical gear segment (15), and a guide stud (18) is screwed into the end face of the cylindrical gear segment (15) in a threaded manner, and the ends of the guide stud (18) are fixed to the same mounting tube (19), and the mounting tube (19) can also allow the freezing pipe (1) to pass axially, and the top end of the mounting tube has drilling teeth; The cylindrical gears on the first transmission arm (13) and the second transmission arm (14) are driven respectively by the first planar gear ring (16) and the second planar gear ring (17), so that when the planar gear ring rotates, all the transmission arms meshing therewith move axially synchronously, and the movement speeds of the two transmission arms are the same.

9. A method for removing frozen pipes through a vertical shaft gate according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two plane gear rings are coaxially aligned and fixed together by a plurality of crank arms in a ring array. The first plane gear is located below the second plane gear. A plurality of transmission rods (24) are fixed in a ring array on the end surface of the second plane gear. The transmission rods (24) pass through the end surface of the drill bit (11) and are fixed on the end surface of a driving ring (21). The driving ring (21) is connected to the motive device through a crankshaft (25) to drive the driving ring (21) to rotate. After the installation tube (19) passes through the end surface of the driving ring (21), it is fixed to the existing surrounding structures through a plurality of fixing rods (22).

10. A construction method for removing frozen pipes through a vertical shaft horse head door according to claim 8, characterized in that: Hard alloy drill edges are embedded in both side edges of the drill piece (11) in the circumferential direction, and a spiral conveying edge is fixed on the surface of the drill piece (11) between the two drill edges so as to convey drill cuttings downward from the spiral conveying edge during the drilling process; a fan-shaped fan-shaped drill plate (27) is fixed on the top of the drill piece (11), and the fan-shaped drill plate (27) can drill and cut axially, and in the assembled state, the fan-shaped drill plates (27) are spliced ​​together to form a complete annular structure, and all the drill pieces (11) are in contact with each other to form a complete conical structure.

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