Device and method for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of swirling shaft spillway

Abstract

The present invention provides a device and method for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a vortex-type vertical shaft spillway, comprising a connecting piece, the connecting piece having a first through hole, the two ends of the first through hole being a first opening and a second opening respectively, the axial direction of the first opening being perpendicular to the axial direction of the second opening, the connecting piece being detachably connected with a first measuring tube or a second measuring tube, the first measuring tube having a first measuring through hole, one end of the first measuring through hole being connected to the first opening, the second measuring tube having a second measuring through hole, one end of the second measuring through hole being connected to the second opening. The present invention can accurately measure radial water depth and wall pressure of a vortex-type vertical shaft spillway, has a short length and a small diameter, has little influence on spiral falling water flow in a vortex-type vertical shaft, can more accurately capture pressure fluctuations, and contains less fine impurities and bubbles in the device, which can significantly reduce measurement errors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic test, and in particular relates to a device and method for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling vertical shaft spillway. Background Art

[0002] In water conservancy and hydropower projects, vertical shaft spillways have been increasingly used in recent years due to their significant energy dissipation effect, stable downstream river flow, and low environmental impact. Engineering practice has shown that vertical shaft spillways are a good choice for flood discharge and energy dissipation in projects with small and medium flows and medium and high heads. Pumped-storage power stations have become important infrastructure supporting the development of new energy in my country due to their flexible operation, mature technology, and economic and environmental advantages. Since the discharge structures of pumped-storage power stations generally have a small discharge volume and a high head, vertical shaft spillways have been widely used in pumped-storage power stations.

[0003] According to the movement characteristics of water flow in the shaft, the shaft can be divided into two types: waterfall type and vortex type. The vortex type shaft is favored by engineers for its simple structure, high energy dissipation rate, good pressure characteristics and other advantages. In the vortex type shaft, after the water flows in from the diversion channel, it moves in a spiral along the shaft wall under the action of gravity. The center of the shaft is a stable cavity. On the horizontal section, the water flow cross-section is approximately annular. Due to the centrifugal force, the water flow generates positive pressure on the shaft wall, reducing the possibility of cavitation. However, as the elevation decreases, due to the friction of the tangential wall, the radial velocity of the water flow decreases, the centrifugal force weakens, and the wall pressure decreases accordingly; while in the vertical direction, gravity is dominant, the flow velocity increases with the decrease in elevation, the water flow area of ​​the annular water flow cross-section decreases, the radial water depth decreases, the wall cavitation number decreases, and the risk of cavitation damage increases. It can be seen that the wall pressure and radial water depth have a great influence on the safe operation of the cyclone shaft, and they need to be accurately measured through hydraulic model tests to provide support for optimizing the design scheme and ensuring safe operation.

[0004] However, in the existing experimental research on vortex shaft spillway, due to the closed structure of the shaft, the water flow velocity is high and the radial water depth cannot be measured using conventional tools such as steel rulers. Visual observation has large errors due to the mutual interference of circular water surfaces in different directions. On the other hand, the well wall pressure is generally measured by connecting a soft rubber tube to an external vertical pressure measuring tube. However, if the rubber tube is too long, a certain amount of head loss along the way may occur, thereby affecting the amplitude of water surface fluctuations, and the measurement error may be increased due to the presence of fine impurities, bubbles, etc. in the pipeline.

[0005] Therefore, improving the measurement accuracy of radial water depth and wall pressure in the vortex shaft spillway hydraulic model and accurately evaluating its cavitation risk are technical problems that need to be solved urgently in hydraulic model experiments. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for measuring the radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling vertical shaft spillway, which can accurately measure the radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling vertical shaft spillway, has a short length and a small diameter, has little effect on the spiral falling water flow in the swirling vertical shaft, and can more accurately capture pressure fluctuations; and contains few fine impurities and bubbles, which can greatly reduce measurement errors.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway, comprising:

[0009] A connecting piece, having a first through hole, two ends of the first through hole are respectively a first opening and a second opening, the axial direction of the first opening is perpendicular to the axial direction of the second opening, the connecting piece is detachably connected to the first measuring tube or the second measuring tube, and the connecting piece is provided with a buckle for engaging with the measuring hole of the well wall;

[0010] The first measuring tube has a first measuring through hole. When the first measuring tube is connected to the connecting piece, one end of the first measuring through hole is connected to the first opening and the axial direction of the first measuring through hole is consistent with the axial direction of the first opening. The other end of the first measuring through hole is used for water inlet;

[0011] The second measuring tube has a second measuring through hole. When the second measuring tube is connected to the connecting piece, one end of the second measuring through hole is connected to the second opening and the axial direction of the second measuring through hole is consistent with the axial direction of the second opening. The first opening is used for water inlet and the other end of the second measuring tube is connected to the atmosphere.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the first measuring tube is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the measuring hole in the well wall, so that the first measuring tube can move in the vertical shaft through the measuring hole in the well wall.

[0013] Further, the connector includes a connector body, a first pipe and a second pipe, the first pipe and the second pipe are both arranged on the connector body, and the middle part of the first through hole is arranged in the connector body, one end of the first through hole extends to the interior of the first pipe so that the first opening is arranged in the first pipe, and the other end of the first through hole extends to the interior of the second pipe so that the second opening is arranged in the second pipe, the first pipe is detachably connected to the first measuring tube, and the second pipe is detachably connected to the second measuring tube.

[0014] Further, the number of the first measuring tubes is 3 to 5, and the lengths of the plurality of the first measuring tubes increase sequentially; the number of the second measuring tubes is 3 to 5, and the lengths of the plurality of the second measuring tubes increase sequentially.

[0015] Furthermore, the first pipeline is provided with a first internal thread, the first measuring tube is provided with a first external thread matching the first internal thread, and the inner diameter of the first measuring through hole is the same as the inner diameter of the first through hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the second pipe is provided with a second external thread, the second measuring tube is provided with a second internal thread matching the second external thread, and the inner diameter of the second measuring through hole is the same as the inner diameter of the first through hole.

[0017] Furthermore, the first measuring tube is provided with first scale lines arranged in the axial direction of the first opening, and the first scale lines are provided with first scale line digital marks, and the first scale line digital marks become smaller and smaller in the direction away from the connecting piece.

[0018] Furthermore, the second measuring tube is provided with second scale lines arranged in the axial direction of the second opening, and the second scale lines become larger in a direction away from the connecting piece.

[0019] A method for measuring radial water depth of a swirling shaft spillway is applied to the above-mentioned radial water depth and wall pressure measuring device of a swirling shaft spillway, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Connect one end of the first measuring tube to the connecting piece;

[0021] Set the measuring point, place the second opening downward, and allow the first measuring tube to enter the shaft horizontally through the measuring hole on the shaft wall corresponding to the measuring point;

[0022] The first measuring tube is slowly pushed into the shaft in a horizontal direction, and when the other end of the first measuring tube is about to be flush with the shaft wall of the shaft, the first position of the first measuring tube is recorded;

[0023] Continue to slowly push the first measuring tube into the shaft in a horizontal direction until water stops flowing out of the second opening, and record the second position of the first measuring tube;

[0024] The difference between the first position and the second position is obtained as the radial water depth of the measuring point.

[0025] A method for measuring the wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway is applied to the above-mentioned radial water depth and wall pressure measuring device of a swirling shaft spillway, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Connect one end of the second measuring tube to the connecting piece;

[0027] Align the first opening with the measuring hole on the well wall and place the second opening upward;

[0028] The buckle on the connecting piece is engaged with the vertical shaft to adjust the second measuring tube so that the second measuring tube is vertical;

[0029] When the water flows into the second measuring tube and rises and remains stable, the height of the water surface in the second measuring tube relative to the center plane of the measuring hole on the well wall is read, and the wall pressure is calculated based on the height value according to the hydrostatic pressure formula.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention can accurately measure the radial water depth and wall pressure of the swirling vertical shaft spillway; it has a short length and a small diameter, has little influence on the spiral falling water flow in the swirling vertical shaft, and can more accurately capture pressure fluctuations; and contains few fine impurities and bubbles, which can significantly reduce measurement errors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the radial water depth and wall pressure measuring device of the swirling shaft spillway;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the device for measuring radial water depth;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a top view schematic diagram of the device for measuring radial water depth;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the device measuring wall pressure.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a top view schematic diagram of the device for measuring wall pressure.

[0038] Wherein: 1. connector; 11. connector body; 111. first through hole; 1111. first opening; 1112. second opening; 12. second pipe; 121. second external thread; 13. first pipe; 131. first internal thread; 14. horizontal fixing buckle; 15. internal water pipe;

[0039] 2. Second measuring tube; 21. Second scale line; 22. Second scale line digital mark; 23. Second measuring through hole; 24. Second internal thread;

[0040] 3. First measuring tube; 31. First scale line; 32. First scale line digital mark; 33. First measuring through hole; 34. First external thread;

[0041] 4. Sealing ring;

[0042] 5. Shaft; 51. Shaft wall;

[0043] 6. Well wall measuring hole; 61. Horizontal slot;

[0044] 7. Swirling water surface;

[0045] 8. Ventilation hollow core;

[0046] 9. Rotate and fall into the water stream. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] In related technologies, such as Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, since the shaft 5 is a closed structure, the water flow velocity is high and the radial water depth cannot be measured using conventional tools such as steel rulers. Visual observation has large errors due to the mutual interference of circular water surfaces in different directions. On the other hand, the pressure of the shaft wall 51 is generally measured by connecting a soft rubber tube to an external vertical pressure measuring tube. However, if the rubber tube is too long, a certain amount of head loss along the way may occur, thereby affecting the amplitude of water surface fluctuations, and the measurement error may be increased due to the presence of fine impurities, bubbles, etc. in the pipeline.

[0051] This embodiment 1 provides a device for measuring the radial water depth and wall pressure of a vortex shaft spillway, which not only solves the problem of large errors in naked eye observation in the related art, but also solves the problem that the head loss along the rubber tube is too long, which affects the amplitude of the water surface fluctuation in the second measuring hole 23, and the measurement error may be increased due to the presence of fine impurities, bubbles, etc. in the pipeline.

[0052] This embodiment provides a device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway, such as Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, it includes a connecting piece 1 , a first measuring tube 3 and a second measuring tube 2 .

[0053] The connecting member 1 has a first through hole 111, and the two ends of the first through hole 111 are respectively a first opening 1111 and a second opening 1112. The axial direction of the first opening 1111 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the second opening 1112. The connecting member 1 is detachably connected to the first measuring tube 3 or the second measuring tube 2, and the connecting member 1 is provided with a buckle that is snap-fitted with the measuring hole 6 on the well wall.

[0054] The first measuring tube 3 has a first measuring through hole 33. When the first measuring tube 3 is connected to the connecting piece 1, one end of the first measuring through hole 33 is connected to the first opening 1111 and the axial direction of the first measuring through hole 33 is consistent with the axial direction of the first opening 1111, and the other end of the first measuring through hole 33 is used for water intake.

[0055] The second measuring tube 2 has a second measuring through hole 23. When the second measuring tube 2 is connected to the connecting piece 1, one end of the second measuring through hole 23 is connected to the second opening 1112 and the axial direction of the second measuring through hole 23 is consistent with the axial direction of the second opening 1112. The first opening 1111 is used for water inlet and the other end of the second measuring tube 2 is connected to the atmosphere.

[0056] During use, the device can measure the radial water depth of the swirl shaft spillway and the wall pressure of the swirl shaft spillway. Among them, the radial water depth measurement method of the swirl shaft spillway is as follows: Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0057] Step 101: Connect one end of the first measuring tube 3 to the connecting piece 1;

[0058] Step 102: Set the measuring point, place the second opening 1112 downward, and allow the first measuring tube 3 to horizontally enter the shaft 5 through the measuring hole 6 on the shaft wall corresponding to the measuring point;

[0059] Step 103: slowly push the first measuring tube 3 into the interior of the shaft 5 in a horizontal direction, and when the other end of the first measuring tube 3 is about to be flush with the shaft wall 51 of the shaft 5, record the first position of the first measuring tube 3;

[0060] Step 104: Continue to slowly push the first measuring tube 3 into the interior of the shaft 5 in the horizontal direction until water stops flowing out of the second opening 1112, and record the second position of the first measuring tube 3;

[0061] Step 105: Obtain the difference between the first position and the second position as the radial water depth of the measuring point.

[0062] Method for measuring the wall pressure of a cyclone shaft spillway, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0063] Step 201: Connect one end of the second measuring tube 2 to the connecting piece 1;

[0064] Step 202: Align the first opening 1111 with the measuring hole 6 on the well wall, and place the second opening 1112 upward;

[0065] Step 203: The buckle on the connecting member 1 is engaged with the measuring hole 6 on the well wall to adjust the second measuring tube 2 so that the second measuring tube 2 is vertical;

[0066] Step 204: When the water flow enters the second measuring tube 2 and rises and becomes basically stable, read the height of the water surface in the second measuring tube 2 relative to the center plane of the measuring hole 6 on the well wall, and calculate the wall pressure based on the height value according to the hydrostatic pressure formula.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first through hole 111 is an L-shaped through hole, and the outer diameter of the first measuring tube 3 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the well wall measuring hole 6, so that the first measuring tube 3 can move in the vertical shaft 5 through the well wall measuring hole 6, ensuring that the first measuring tube 3 can just be inserted into the well wall measuring hole 6, ensuring that the water flow does not overflow, and can prevent water leakage and head loss, while reducing fine impurities and bubbles.

[0068] In this embodiment, an internal water pipe 15 is disposed in the connector 1 . The internal water pipe 15 is an L-shaped curved pipe. The internal water pipe 15 has a first through hole 111 . The connector 1 forms a main pipe protection envelope block to protect the internal water pipe 15 .

[0069] In this embodiment, the first measuring tube 3 and the second measuring tube 2 are both round tube structures made of high-strength transparent PVC material. Preferably, the minimum scales of the first measuring tube 3 and the second measuring tube 2 are both 1 mm.

[0070] In this embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, in order to make the first measuring tube 3 and the connecting member 1 detachably connected, and the second measuring tube 2 and the connecting member 1 detachably connected, the connecting member 1 includes a connecting member 1 body, a first pipe 13 and a second pipe 12, the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12 are both arranged on the connecting member 1 body, one end of the first pipe 13 is arranged on the connecting member 1 body and the other end of the first pipe 13 is suspended, one end of the second pipe 12 is arranged on the connecting member 1 body and the other end of the second pipe 12 is suspended, the middle part of the first through hole 111 is arranged on the connecting member 1 body, one end of the first through hole 111 extends to the interior of the first pipe 13 so that the first opening 1111 is arranged in the first pipe 13, the other end of the first through hole 111 extends to the interior of the second pipe 12 so that the second opening 1112 is arranged in the second pipe 12, the other end of the first pipe 13 is detachably connected to the first measuring tube 3, and the other end of the second pipe 12 is detachably connected to the second measuring tube 2.

[0071] When performing radial water depth measurement, the other end of the first pipe 13 is connected to one end of the first measuring pipe 3 and the other end of the second pipe 12 is not connected to the second measuring pipe 2, the first through hole 111 is connected to one end of the first measuring through hole 33 through the first opening 1111, and the other end of the first measuring pipe 3 is suspended so that the other end of the first measuring through hole 33 enters the water in the shaft 5. When performing radial water depth measurement, the water in the shaft 5 enters from the other end of the first measuring through hole 33, passes through the first measuring through hole 33 and the first through hole 111 in sequence, and flows downward from the second opening 1112 on the first through hole 111.

[0072] When measuring the wall pressure, the other end of the second pipe 12 is connected to one end of the second measuring pipe 2 and the other end of the first pipe 13 is not connected to the first measuring pipe 3, the first through hole 111 is connected to one end of the second measuring through hole 23 through the second opening 1112, the other end of the second measuring pipe 2 is suspended so that the other end of the second measuring through hole 23 is connected to the atmosphere, and the first pipe 13 is inserted into the well wall measuring hole 6. When measuring the wall pressure, the water in the vertical shaft 5 enters the first through hole 111 through the other end of the first pipe 13 and enters the second measuring through hole 23 through the first through hole 111.

[0073] In this embodiment, the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12 are fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected to the main body of the connector 1 , which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0074] In the specific implementation manner of this embodiment, in order to prevent water leakage and head loss, the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12 are integrally connected to the connector 1 body.

[0075] In this embodiment, the detachable connection between the first measuring tube 3 and the first pipeline 13 may be a threaded connection, a snap connection, or the like.

[0076] In the specific implementation manner of this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, in order to further prevent water leakage and head loss, the first measuring tube 3 is threadedly connected to the first pipe 13. Specifically, the first pipe 13 is provided with a first internal thread 131, the first measuring tube 3 is provided with a first external thread 34 matching the first internal thread 131, and the first measuring through hole 33 and the first through hole 111 have the same inner diameter, so that the radial water depth measurement is accurate.

[0077] In this embodiment, the detachable connection between the second measuring tube 2 and the second pipeline 12 may be a threaded connection, a snap connection, or the like.

[0078] In the specific implementation manner of this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, in order to further prevent water leakage and head loss, the second measuring tube 2 is threadedly connected to the second pipe 12. Specifically, the second pipe 12 is provided with a second external thread 121, the second measuring tube 2 is provided with a second internal thread 24 matching the second external thread 121, and the second measuring through hole 23 and the first through hole 111 have the same inner diameter, so that the wall pressure measurement is accurate.

[0079] In this embodiment, in order to further prevent water leakage and head loss, as Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, a sealing ring 4 is also provided. The sealing ring 4 is a waterproof rubber pad. The outer side of the first external thread 34 and the outer side of the second external thread 121 are both sleeved with the sealing ring 4.

[0080] In this embodiment, in order to more conveniently obtain the first position and the second position of the first measuring tube 3, the first measuring tube 3 is provided with a first scale line 31 arranged in the axial direction of the first opening 1111, and the first scale line 31 is provided with a first scale line 31 digital mark, and the first scale line 31 digital mark becomes smaller and smaller in the direction away from the connecting member 1.

[0081] Specifically, in step 103, the first position of the first measuring tube 3 is recorded as the first scale value aligned with the first end of the well wall measuring hole 6, and in step 104, the second position of the first measuring tube 3 is recorded as the second scale value aligned with the first end of the well wall measuring hole 6, and the difference between the first scale value and the second scale value is taken as the radial water depth of the measuring point.

[0082] In this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the second measuring tube 2 is provided with second scale lines 21 arranged in the axial direction of the second opening 1112, and the second scale lines 21 are provided with second scale line 21 digital marks, and the second scale line 21 digital marks become smaller and smaller in the direction away from the connecting member 1, and the third scale value corresponding to the height of water in the second measuring through hole 23 is the height value, and the wall pressure is calculated based on the height value according to the hydrostatic pressure formula.

[0083] In this embodiment, the length of the first pipeline 13 is approximately 1 / 3 of the length of the second pipeline 12 .

[0084] In this embodiment, considering the different diameters of different shafts 5 and the different radial water depths and pressures under different working conditions, the second measuring tube 2 and the first measuring tube 3 can be manufactured into 3 to 5 different length specifications according to different measuring ranges. In the experiment, the second measuring tube 2 and the first measuring tube 3 of appropriate length specifications are selected according to actual needs.

[0085] In this embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, in order to ensure that the first pipe 13 can be horizontally inserted into the well wall measuring hole 6 of the vertical shaft 5 during the wall pressure measurement, the buckle is a horizontal fixed buckle 14, and the well wall measuring hole 6 is provided with a horizontal clamping groove 61 that cooperates with the horizontal fixed buckle 14. Specifically, two horizontal fixed buckles 14 are arranged at a certain distance on both sides of the first pipe 13, and the extension direction of the horizontal fixed buckle 14 is consistent with the axial direction of the first opening 1111, and two well wall pressure measuring tube horizontal clamping grooves 61 are arranged at a certain distance on the well wall measuring hole 6, and the extension direction of the well wall pressure measuring tube horizontal clamping groove 61 is consistent with the extension direction of the first opening 1111.

[0086] In summary, this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0087] (1) Simple structure and convenient use: The device is composed of only a connecting piece 1, a first measuring tube 3, a second measuring tube 2, and a sealing ring 4, which are all common structures and are easy to manufacture, install, and use.

[0088] (2) Long service life: The pipes are made of stainless steel and high-strength PVC, which are not easy to damage, deform or rust, and have a long service life.

[0089] (3) High measurement accuracy: All pipes in the device are threaded, and rubber gaskets are added to the interfaces to ensure that the pipes are tightly connected to prevent water leakage. When measuring water depth, due to the thin pipes, there is basically no disturbance to the water flow at the measuring point; when measuring pressure, the pipe protrusion is required to be tightly connected with the special measuring point groove to ensure the verticality of the pipe, so the water depth and pressure measurement accuracy is high.

[0090] (4) Multiple measurement parameters: The two major parameters of concern in the cyclone shaft 5, namely radial water depth and wall pressure, can be measured.

[0091] (5) Strong universality: A set of water depth measuring tubes and pressure measuring tubes of different lengths can be made, and the appropriate length of pipes can be selected according to the model and working conditions.

[0092] Example 2

[0093] Embodiment 2 provides a method for measuring radial water depth of a swirling shaft spillway, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the radial water depth and wall pressure measuring device applied to the above-mentioned swirling shaft spillway includes the following steps:

[0094] Step 101: threading one end of the first measuring tube 3 to the third connecting portion and threading the first pipeline 13 to the first connecting portion, while the second measuring tube 2 is disconnected from the connecting piece 1;

[0095] Step 102: Set the measuring point, place the second opening 1112 downward, and allow the first measuring tube 3 to horizontally enter the shaft 5 through the measuring hole 6 on the shaft wall corresponding to the measuring point;

[0096] Step 103: slowly push the first measuring tube 3 into the interior of the shaft 5 in the horizontal direction. When the other end of the first measuring tube 3 is about to be flush with the shaft wall 51 of the shaft 5, record the first scale value corresponding to the first position of the first measuring tube 3. Since the rotating falling water flow 9 rotates and falls downward at the same time, under the action of centrifugal force, when the first measuring tube 3 is located inside the water flow, the water will quickly enter the tube and flow out from the second pipe 12 fixed to the connector 1.

[0097] Step 104: Continue to slowly push the first measuring tube 3 into the shaft 5 in the horizontal direction. When the first measuring tube 3 just exceeds the swirling water surface 7 and enters the ventilation core 8, no water will flow out of the second pipe 12. Record the second scale value corresponding to the second position of the first measuring tube 3.

[0098] Step 105: Obtain the difference between the first scale value and the second scale value as the radial water depth of the measuring point.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] Embodiment 3 provides a method for measuring the wall pressure of a cyclone vertical shaft spillway, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the radial water depth and wall pressure measuring device applied to the above-mentioned swirling shaft spillway includes the following steps:

[0101] Step 201: connecting one end of the second measuring tube 2 to the second pipeline 12, and disconnecting the first measuring tube 3 from the connecting piece 1;

[0102] Step 202: Align the first opening 1111 with the measuring hole 6 on the well wall, and place the second opening 1112 upward;

[0103] Step 203: The buckle on the connecting member 1 is engaged with the vertical shaft 5 to adjust the second measuring tube 2 so that the second measuring tube 2 is vertical;

[0104] Step 204: When the water flow enters the second measuring tube 2 and rises and remains stable, read the third scale value corresponding to the height value of the water surface in the second measuring tube 2 relative to the central plane of the well wall measuring hole 6, and calculate the wall pressure based on the third scale value according to the hydrostatic pressure formula.

[0105] The above embodiments are merely examples of the technical solutions of the present invention. The methods involved in the present invention are not limited to the contents described in the above embodiments, but are subject to the scope defined in the claims. Any modification, supplement or equivalent replacement made by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiment is within the scope of protection required by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a cyclone shaft spillway, characterized in that: include: A connecting piece, having a first through hole, two ends of the first through hole are respectively a first opening and a second opening, the axial direction of the first opening is perpendicular to the axial direction of the second opening, the connecting piece is detachably connected to the first measuring tube or the second measuring tube, and the connecting piece is provided with a buckle for engaging with the measuring hole of the well wall; The first measuring tube has a first measuring through hole. When the first measuring tube is connected to the connecting piece, one end of the first measuring through hole is connected to the first opening and the axial direction of the first measuring through hole is consistent with the axial direction of the first opening. The other end of the first measuring through hole is used for water inlet; The second measuring tube has a second measuring through hole. When the second measuring tube is connected to the connecting piece, one end of the second measuring through hole is connected to the second opening and the axial direction of the second measuring through hole is consistent with the axial direction of the second opening. The first opening is used for water inlet and the other end of the second measuring tube is connected to the atmosphere.

2. The device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the first measuring tube is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the measuring hole in the well wall, so that the first measuring tube can move in the vertical well through the measuring hole in the well wall.

3. The device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector includes a connector body, a first pipe and a second pipe, the first pipe and the second pipe are both arranged on the connector body, and the middle part of the first through hole is arranged in the connector body, one end of the first through hole extends to the interior of the first pipe so that the first opening is arranged in the first pipe, and the other end of the first through hole extends to the interior of the second pipe so that the second opening is arranged in the second pipe, the first pipe is detachably connected to the first measuring tube, and the second pipe is detachably connected to the second measuring tube.

4. The device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the first measuring tubes is 3 to 5, and the lengths of the plurality of the first measuring tubes increase sequentially; the number of the second measuring tubes is 3 to 5, and the lengths of the plurality of the second measuring tubes increase sequentially.

5. The device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first pipeline is provided with a first internal thread, the first measuring tube is provided with a first external thread matching the first internal thread, and the inner diameter of the first measuring through hole is the same as the inner diameter of the first through hole.

6. The device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second pipe is provided with a second external thread, the second measuring tube is provided with a second internal thread matching the second external thread, and the inner diameter of the second measuring through hole is the same as the inner diameter of the first through hole.

7. The device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first measuring tube is provided with first scale lines arranged in the axial direction of the first opening, and the first scale lines are provided with first scale line digital marks, which become smaller and smaller in the direction away from the connecting piece.

8. The device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second measuring tube is provided with second scale lines arranged in the axial direction of the second opening, and the second scale lines become larger in a direction away from the connecting member.

9. A method for measuring radial water depth of a swirling shaft spillway, applied to the device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Connect one end of the first measuring tube to the connecting piece; Set the measuring point, place the second opening downward, and allow the first measuring tube to horizontally enter the shaft through the measuring hole on the shaft wall corresponding to the measuring point; The first measuring tube is slowly pushed into the shaft in a horizontal direction, and when the other end of the first measuring tube is about to be flush with the shaft wall of the shaft, the first position of the first measuring tube is recorded; Continue to slowly push the first measuring tube into the shaft in a horizontal direction until water stops flowing out of the second opening, and record the second position of the first measuring tube; The difference between the first position and the second position is obtained as the radial water depth of the measuring point.

10. A method for measuring the wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway, applied to the device for measuring radial water depth and wall pressure of a swirling shaft spillway according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Connect one end of the second measuring tube to the connecting piece; Align the first opening with the measuring hole on the well wall and place the second opening upward; The buckle on the connecting piece is engaged with the vertical shaft to adjust the second measuring tube so that the second measuring tube is vertical; When the water flows into the second measuring tube and rises and remains stable, the height of the water surface in the second measuring tube relative to the center plane of the measuring hole on the well wall is read, and the wall pressure is calculated based on the height value according to the hydrostatic pressure formula.

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