A hydrogen production system for ammonia decomposition containing helical microchannels

Abstract

This invention relates to an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel, comprising an ammonia tank, a reactor, a burner, a first heat exchanger, and a fan. The ammonia tank is connected to the ammonia inlet of the reactor. The reactor includes multiple sleeves spaced apart, with a partition between adjacent sleeves. Each sleeve has an ammonia pipe on its outer wall and a flue gas pipe on its inner wall; the ammonia pipe and flue gas pipe are not interconnected. The partition simultaneously covers the ammonia pipe on the outer wall of one sleeve and the flue gas pipe on the outer wall of another sleeve. One end of the reactor has an ammonia inlet and a flue gas outlet, and the other end has a decomposed gas outlet and a flue gas inlet. The burner is connected to the flue gas inlet, and the decomposed gas outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger is connected to both the fan and the burner. This ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel increases the heat exchange area between gases, improves the overall ammonia decomposition efficiency and effect, and reduces energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ammonia decomposition hydrogen production equipment technology, specifically to a sleeve-type ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral microchannel. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of global energy conservation and emission reduction, hydrogen energy, as a crucial bridge connecting fossil fuels to renewable energy, has attracted widespread attention worldwide. As a highly promising clean energy source, hydrogen energy is considered an important vehicle for achieving sustainable energy supply and recycling. Ammonia decomposition hydrogen production technology, as an important branch of hydrogen production, is highly favored due to its mature process and high safety. While traditional ammonia decomposition hydrogen production equipment can meet hydrogen production needs to a certain extent, it still has shortcomings in energy utilization, reaction efficiency, and environmental pollution control. To overcome these deficiencies, efficient and environmentally friendly ammonia decomposition hydrogen production technology is needed.

[0003] Chinese patent CN118743962A discloses an integrated ammonia reforming hydrogen production system utilizing waste heat and electric heating. The system includes an ammonia inlet end cap, an ammonia inlet, a heat medium outlet, an internal cylinder, a heat medium inlet, a reflux chamber shell cover, a decomposition gas outlet, an ammonia inlet tube sheet, a baffle plate, a reaction microtube, a reflux chamber tube sheet, a catalyst, fins, a decomposition gas reflux pipe, guide vanes, a heating chamber shell, and a U-shaped electric heating tube. This invention integrates the heater, heat exchanger, and reactor into one unit. The internal cylinder divides the reaction system into a heating chamber and a heat exchange chamber. The exhaust gas generated by the ammonia-hydrogen engine combustion is electrically heated in the heating chamber and then spirals into the heat exchange chamber at a certain angle, providing energy for the ammonia decomposition reaction. The decomposed ammonia and hydrogen mixture enters the ammonia-hydrogen engine for combustion. However, this ammonia reforming hydrogen production system has a relatively complex structure. With large volumes of gas, the constantly changing flow direction of the heat exchange gas within the cylinder can easily lead to uneven heat exchange, and it is difficult to achieve complete and sufficient heat transfer during the heat exchange process, resulting in significant energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing ammonia decomposition hydrogen production systems, such as low decomposition efficiency, high energy consumption, uneven decomposition, complex structure, and high equipment cost, this paper proposes an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral microchannel. This system features a compact structure that maximizes the heat exchange area between gases within a limited volume, thereby improving the overall ammonia decomposition efficiency and effect. Simultaneously, it reduces energy consumption and simplifies the structure.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel, comprising an ammonia tank, a reactor, a burner, a first heat exchanger, and a fan; the ammonia tank is connected to the ammonia inlet of the reactor; the reactor comprises multiple sleeves arranged sequentially from the inside out, with the multiple sleeves spaced apart from each other, and a partition is provided between adjacent sleeves; an ammonia pipe is provided on the outer wall of each sleeve, and a flue gas pipe is provided on the inner wall of each sleeve; the ammonia pipe and the flue gas pipe on each sleeve are not connected to each other; the partition between two adjacent sleeves simultaneously covers the ammonia pipe on the outer wall of one sleeve and the flue gas pipe on the other sleeve. The reactor has a flue gas duct on the casing; one end of the reactor is equipped with an ammonia inlet and a flue gas outlet, the ammonia inlet is connected to ammonia ducts on multiple casings, and the flue gas outlet is connected to flue gas ducts on multiple casings; the other end of the reactor is equipped with a decomposition gas outlet and a flue gas inlet, the decomposition gas outlet is connected to ammonia ducts on multiple casings, and the flue gas inlet is connected to flue gas ducts on multiple casings; the burner is connected to the flue gas inlet, and the decomposition gas outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger, which is connected to both the fan and the burner, and the first heat exchanger can transfer the heat of the gas discharged from the decomposition gas outlet to the air introduced from the fan.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes a nitrogen tank, an ammonia pipe and a nitrogen tank connected in parallel, the ammonia tank and the nitrogen tank being connected to the ammonia inlet of the reactor, an ammonia valve being installed between the ammonia tank and the ammonia inlet, and a nitrogen valve being installed between the nitrogen tank and the ammonia inlet.

[0007] Furthermore, the ammonia pipeline has a curved structure, with the ammonia pipeline spirally wound around the outer wall of the casing. The open end of the ammonia pipeline is connected to the top of the casing, and the outlet end of the ammonia pipeline is connected to the bottom of the casing. There are gaps between the various parts of the spirally wound ammonia pipeline. The opening and outlet of the ammonia pipeline are positioned opposite each other and located on the same side of the casing.

[0008] Furthermore, the flue gas duct has a curved structure, with the duct spirally wound around the inner wall of the casing. The open end of the flue gas duct is connected to the bottom of the casing, and the outlet end of the flue gas duct is connected to the top of the casing. There are gaps between the various parts of the spirally wound flue gas duct. The opening and outlet of the flue gas duct are positioned opposite each other and on the same side of the casing. The flue gas duct and the ammonia duct are symmetrically arranged. The opening of the flue gas duct is perpendicular to the main body of the flue gas duct, and the outlet of the flue gas duct is perpendicular to the main body of the flue gas duct.

[0009] Furthermore, the opening of the flue gas duct is perpendicular to the main body of the flue gas duct, and the outlet of the flue gas duct is perpendicular to the main body of the flue gas duct; the opening of the ammonia duct is perpendicular to the main body of the ammonia duct, and the outlet of the ammonia duct is perpendicular to the main body of the ammonia duct.

[0010] Furthermore, the openings of the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple pipes are all oriented in the same direction, the outlets of the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are all oriented in the same direction, the openings of the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are all oriented in the same direction, and the outlets of the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are all oriented in the same direction; the openings of the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the ammonia gas inlet, the outlets of the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the decomposition gas outlet, the openings of the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the flue gas inlet, and the outlets of the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the flue gas outlet.

[0011] Furthermore, the diameter of the ammonia gas pipeline is less than 3 mm, and the diameter of the flue gas pipeline is less than 3 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a second heat exchanger, which is connected to the flue gas outlet and the fan respectively. The second heat exchanger is also connected to the first heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger can transfer the residual heat of the flue gas after heat exchange to the air introduced from the fan.

[0013] Furthermore, the decomposed gas outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger, and one of the outlets of the first heat exchanger is simultaneously connected to the purification unit and the burner.

[0014] Furthermore, a first mixed gas valve is provided between the outlet of the first heat exchanger, which is connected to both the purification device and the burner, and the burner; a second mixed gas valve is provided between the outlet of the first heat exchanger, which is connected to both the purification device and the burner, and the purification device.

[0015] This invention discloses an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing spiral microchannels. By employing a reactor with an inner and outer sleeve, and microchannel structures for flue gas and ammonia gas respectively on the inner and outer walls of the sleeve, the system achieves a highly integrated environment, increasing the flow distance between ammonia and flue gas, promoting a full reaction of ammonia. Furthermore, heat exchange occurs between ammonia and flue gas on each sleeve, effectively improving the heat exchange efficiency and allowing ammonia to fully and uniformly absorb heat and decompose into hydrogen and nitrogen. This minimizes heat loss during the heat exchange process, reducing energy consumption during ammonia decomposition and eliminating the need for a catalyst, thus lowering operating costs. The system effectively utilizes the heat from the decomposed gases and the heat from the flue gas after heat exchange to provide heat for air combustion, reducing the energy consumption from additional air heating. Combined with the highly efficient and comprehensive heat exchange of the sleeve-type reactor containing spiral microchannels, the system maximizes the efficiency of ammonia decomposition by utilizing the remaining heat after the ammonia decomposition reaction, promoting the effective decomposition of ammonia. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a microchannel reactor in an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel, as described in this invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first sleeve structure of the microchannel reactor in the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second sleeve structure of the microchannel reactor in the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the third sleeve structure of the microchannel reactor in the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth sleeve structure of the microchannel reactor in the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth sleeve structure of the microchannel reactor in the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the multi-layer sleeve and multiple spacers of the microchannel reactor in the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to the present invention includes an ammonia tank 1, a reactor 3, a burner 4, a first heat exchanger 5, and a fan 7.

[0027] The ammonia tank 1 is connected to the ammonia inlet 31 of the reactor 3;

[0028] The reactor 3 comprises multiple sleeves arranged sequentially from the inside out, with the sleeves spaced apart from each other and a partition between adjacent sleeves. Each sleeve has an ammonia gas pipe on its outer wall and a flue gas pipe on its inner wall. The ammonia gas pipe and flue gas pipe on each sleeve are not interconnected. The partition between adjacent sleeves simultaneously covers both the ammonia gas pipe on the outer wall of one sleeve and the flue gas pipe on the other sleeve. One end of the reactor 3 has an ammonia gas inlet 31 and a flue gas outlet 34. The ammonia gas inlet 31 is connected to the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves, and the flue gas outlet 34 is connected to the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves. The other end of the reactor 3 has a decomposition gas outlet 33 and a flue gas inlet 32. The decomposition gas outlet 33 is connected to the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves, and the flue gas inlet 32 ​​is connected to the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves.

[0029] The burner 4 is connected to the flue gas inlet 32, and the decomposed gas outlet 33 is connected to the first heat exchanger 5. The first heat exchanger 5 is connected to both the fan 7 and the burner 4. The first heat exchanger 5 can transfer the heat of the gas discharged from the decomposed gas outlet 33 to the air introduced from the fan 7.

[0030] exist Figure 1 The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral microchannel includes an ammonia tank 1 and a nitrogen tank 2, which are connected in parallel. Both the ammonia tank 1 and the nitrogen tank 2 are simultaneously connected to the ammonia inlet 31 of the reactor 3. An ammonia valve 11 is installed between the ammonia tank 1 and the ammonia inlet 31, and a nitrogen valve 21 is installed between the nitrogen tank 2 and the ammonia inlet 31. By adjusting the opening of the ammonia valves 11, the flow rate of ammonia introduced from the ammonia tank 1 into the ammonia inlet 31 is adjusted, thereby achieving effective ammonia decomposition. Accurate control; by connecting the nitrogen tank 2 to the ammonia inlet 31, nitrogen from the nitrogen tank 2 is introduced into the ammonia inlet 31 of the reactor 3. Before introducing new ammonia for the ammonia decomposition reaction, multiple ammonia pipes in the reactor 3 are purged with nitrogen to reduce the residual ammonia content in the multiple ammonia pipes and improve the ammonia decomposition efficiency; the flow rate of nitrogen introduced from the nitrogen tank 2 into the ammonia inlet 31 is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the nitrogen valve 12 to achieve effective purging of multiple ammonia pipes in the reactor 3.

[0031] like Figures 2-8As shown, the reactor 3 includes a first sleeve 361, a second sleeve 362, a third sleeve 363, a fourth sleeve 364, and a fifth sleeve 365. The fifth sleeve 365, the fourth sleeve 364, the third sleeve 363, the second sleeve 362, and the first sleeve 361 are sequentially sleeved from the inside out. A first gap exists between the first sleeve 361 and the second sleeve 362, a second gap exists between the second sleeve 362 and the third sleeve 363, and a gap exists between the third sleeve 363 and the fourth sleeve 364. A third gap exists between the fourth sleeve 364 and the fifth sleeve 365; wherein, a first ammonia pipe 3611 is provided on the outer wall of the first sleeve 361, the first ammonia pipe 3611 has a curved structure, the open end of the first ammonia pipe 3611 is connected to the top of the first sleeve 361, the outlet end of the first ammonia pipe 3611 is connected to the bottom of the first sleeve 361, and the first ammonia pipe 3611 is spirally wound around the outer wall of the first sleeve 361. There are gaps between the various parts of the first ammonia pipe 3611. By circling the first ammonia pipe 3611 around the first sleeve 361, the flow distance of ammonia in the first ammonia pipe 3611 is extended, allowing the ammonia to fully absorb heat and undergo a decomposition reaction. Specifically, the opening and outlet of the first ammonia pipe 3611 are located on the same vertical line, and the line formed by connecting the opening and outlet of the first ammonia pipe 3611 is parallel to the extension direction of the reactor 3. The opening and outlet of the first ammonia pipe 3611 are arranged opposite each other and located on the same side of the first sleeve 361. The opening of the first ammonia pipe 3611 is perpendicular to the main body of the first ammonia pipe 3611, and the outlet of the first ammonia pipe 3611 is perpendicular to the main body of the first ammonia pipe 3611, further extending the flow distance and flow time of ammonia in the spirally arranged first ammonia pipe 3611, allowing the ammonia to be fully and effectively decomposed.

[0032] Similarly, a first flue gas duct 3612 is provided on the inner wall of the first sleeve 361. The first flue gas duct 3612 has a curved structure. The open end of the first flue gas duct 3612 is connected to the bottom of the first sleeve 361, and the outlet end of the first flue gas duct 3612 is connected to the top of the first sleeve 361. The first flue gas duct 3612 is spirally arranged around the inner wall of the first sleeve 361, and there are gaps between the various parts of the spirally arranged first flue gas duct 3612. By arranging the first flue gas duct 3612 around the inner wall of the first sleeve 361, the flow distance of the flue gas in the first flue gas duct 3612 is extended, so that the heat of the flue gas can be fully and completely transferred to the inside of the reactor 3 during the flow of the flue gas in the first flue gas duct 3612, providing sufficient heat for the decomposition of ammonia, which is conducive to the full absorption of heat by ammonia and the decomposition reaction. Specifically, The opening and outlet of the first flue gas duct 3612 are located on the same vertical straight line. The straight line formed by connecting the opening and outlet of the first flue gas duct 3612 is parallel to the extension direction of the reactor 3. The opening and outlet of the first flue gas duct 3612 are arranged opposite each other and located on the same side of the first sleeve 361. The opening and the main body of the first flue gas duct 3612 are perpendicular to each other, and the outlet and the main body of the first flue gas duct 3612 are perpendicular to each other, further extending the flow distance and flow time of the flue gas in the spirally arranged first flue gas duct 3612, so that the ammonia can be fully and effectively decomposed. More specifically, the first flue gas duct 3612 and the first ammonia duct 3611 are symmetrically arranged.

[0033] The first sleeve 361 contains a second sleeve 362. A first gap exists between the inner wall of the first sleeve 361 and the outer wall of the second sleeve 362. The shapes of the first sleeve 361 and the second sleeve 362 correspond. A first partition 352 is disposed in the middle of the first gap. The shape of the first partition 352 corresponds to the shapes of the first sleeve 361 and the second sleeve 362. The outer wall of the first partition 352 fits against the inner wall of the first sleeve 361. The wall of the second sleeve 362 is in contact with the outer wall of the second sleeve 362; a curved second ammonia pipe 3621 is provided on the outer wall of the second sleeve 362, and a curved second flue gas pipe 3622 is provided on the inner wall of the second sleeve 362. The shape of the second ammonia pipe 3621 corresponds to the shape of the first ammonia pipe 3611, and the shape of the second flue gas pipe 3622 corresponds to the shape of the first flue gas pipe 3612. The position of the second ammonia sleeve 3621 relative to the second sleeve 362 is consistent with the position of the first ammonia pipe. The position of the second flue gas duct 3611 relative to the first sleeve 361 is the same; the position of the second flue gas duct 3622 relative to the second sleeve 362 is the same as the position of the first flue gas duct 3612 relative to the first sleeve 361; the first flue gas duct 3612 and the second ammonia duct 3621 are aligned, the outer wall of the first partition 352 covers the first flue gas duct 3612, and the inner wall of the first partition 352 covers the second ammonia duct 3621, to prevent the flue gas in the first flue gas duct 3612 from flowing through... During the process, the ammonia gas in the second ammonia pipe 3621 will converge, thus affecting the purity of the gas decomposed from the ammonia gas; more specifically, the opening of the first flue gas pipe 3612 is aligned with the opening of the second flue gas pipe 3622, the outlet of the first flue gas pipe 3612 is aligned with the outlet of the second flue gas pipe 3622, the opening of the first ammonia pipe 3611 is aligned with the opening of the second ammonia pipe 3612, and the outlet of the first ammonia pipe 3611 is aligned with the outlet of the second ammonia pipe 3612.

[0034] The second sleeve 362 contains the third sleeve 363. A second gap exists between the inner wall of the second sleeve 362 and the outer wall of the third sleeve 363. The shapes of the second sleeve 362 and the third sleeve 363 correspond. A second partition 353 is disposed in the middle of the second gap. The shape of the second partition 353 corresponds to the shapes of the second sleeve 362 and the third sleeve 363. The outer wall of the second partition 353 is fitted against the inner wall of the second sleeve 362. The wall of the sleeve is fitted to the outer wall of the third sleeve 363; a curved third ammonia gas pipe 3631 is provided on the outer wall of the third sleeve 363, and a curved third flue gas pipe 3632 is provided on the inner wall of the third sleeve 363. The shape of the third ammonia gas pipe 3631 corresponds to the shape of the second ammonia gas pipe 3621, and the shape of the third flue gas pipe 3632 corresponds to the shape of the second flue gas pipe 3622. The position of the third ammonia gas sleeve 3631 relative to the third sleeve 363 is consistent with that of the second ammonia gas pipe. The position of the third flue gas duct 3621 relative to the second sleeve 362 is the same as that of the third sleeve 363; the position of the third flue gas duct 3632 relative to the third sleeve 363 is the same as that of the second flue gas duct 3622 relative to the second sleeve 362; the second flue gas duct 3622 and the third ammonia duct 3631 are aligned, the outer wall of the second partition 353 covers the second flue gas duct 3622, and the inner wall of the second partition 353 covers the third ammonia duct 3631, to prevent the flue gas in the second flue gas duct 3622 from flowing through... During the process, the ammonia gas in the third ammonia gas pipe 3631 will converge, thus affecting the purity of the gas decomposed from the ammonia gas; more specifically, the opening of the second flue gas pipe 3622 is aligned with the opening of the third flue gas pipe 3632, the outlet of the second flue gas pipe 3622 is aligned with the outlet of the third flue gas pipe 3632, the opening of the second ammonia gas pipe 3621 is aligned with the opening of the third ammonia gas pipe 3632, and the outlet of the second ammonia gas pipe 3621 is aligned with the outlet of the third ammonia gas pipe 3632.

[0035] The fourth sleeve 364 is disposed inside the third sleeve 363. A third gap exists between the inner wall of the third sleeve 363 and the outer wall of the fourth sleeve 364. The shape of the third sleeve 363 corresponds to the shape of the fourth sleeve 364. A third partition 354 is disposed in the middle of the third gap. The shape of the third partition 354 corresponds to the shape of both the third sleeve 363 and the fourth sleeve 364. The outer wall of the third partition 354 is fitted against the inner wall of the third sleeve 363. The inner wall of the third partition 354... The wall of the fourth sleeve 364 is fitted to the outer wall of the fourth sleeve 364; a curved fourth ammonia gas pipe 3641 is provided on the outer wall of the fourth sleeve 364, and a curved fourth flue gas pipe 3642 is provided on the inner wall of the fourth sleeve 364. The shape of the fourth ammonia gas pipe 3641 corresponds to the shape of the third ammonia gas pipe 3631, and the shape of the fourth flue gas pipe 3642 corresponds to the shape of the third flue gas pipe 3632. The position of the fourth ammonia gas sleeve 3641 relative to the fourth sleeve 364 is consistent with that of the third ammonia gas pipe. The position of the third sleeve 3631 relative to the third sleeve 363 is the same; the position of the fourth flue gas duct 3642 relative to the fourth sleeve 364 is the same as the position of the third flue gas duct 3632 relative to the third sleeve 363; the third flue gas duct 3632 and the fourth ammonia duct 3641 are aligned, the outer wall of the third partition 354 covers the third flue gas duct 3632, and the inner wall of the third partition 354 covers the fourth ammonia duct 3641, to prevent the flue gas in the third flue gas duct 3632 from flowing through... During the process, the ammonia gas in the fourth ammonia pipe 3641 will converge, thus affecting the purity of the gas decomposed from the ammonia gas; more specifically, the opening of the third flue gas pipe 3632 is aligned with the opening of the fourth flue gas pipe 3642, the outlet of the third flue gas pipe 3632 is aligned with the outlet of the fourth flue gas pipe 3642, the opening of the third ammonia pipe 3631 is aligned with the opening of the fourth ammonia pipe 3642, and the outlet of the third ammonia pipe 3631 is aligned with the outlet of the fourth ammonia pipe 3642.

[0036] The fifth sleeve 365 is disposed inside the fourth sleeve 364. A fourth gap exists between the inner wall of the fourth sleeve 364 and the outer wall of the fifth sleeve 365. The shape of the fourth sleeve 364 corresponds to the shape of the fifth sleeve 365. A fourth partition 355 is disposed in the middle of the fourth gap. The shape of the fourth partition 355 corresponds to the shape of the fourth sleeve 364 and the fifth sleeve 365. The outer wall of the fourth partition 355 is fitted against the inner wall of the fourth sleeve 364. The wall of the fifth sleeve 365 is fitted to the outer wall of the fifth sleeve 365; a curved fifth ammonia gas pipe 3651 is provided on the outer wall of the fifth sleeve 365, and a curved fifth flue gas pipe 3652 is provided on the inner wall of the fifth sleeve 365. The shape of the fifth ammonia gas pipe 3651 corresponds to the shape of the fourth ammonia gas pipe 3641, and the shape of the fifth flue gas pipe 3652 corresponds to the shape of the fourth flue gas pipe 3642. The position of the fifth ammonia gas sleeve 3651 relative to the fifth sleeve 365 is consistent with that of the fourth ammonia gas pipe. The position of the fifth flue gas duct 3641 relative to the fourth sleeve 364 is the same as that of the fifth sleeve 365; the position of the fifth flue gas duct 3652 relative to the fifth sleeve 365 is the same as that of the fourth flue gas duct 3642 relative to the fourth sleeve 364; the fourth flue gas duct 3642 and the fifth ammonia duct 3651 are aligned; the outer wall of the fourth partition 355 covers the fourth flue gas duct 3642, and the inner wall of the fourth partition 355 covers the fifth ammonia duct 3651, to prevent the flue gas in the fourth flue gas duct 3642 from flowing through... During the process, the ammonia gas in the fifth ammonia pipe 3651 will converge, thus affecting the purity of the gas decomposed from the ammonia gas; more specifically, the opening of the fourth flue gas pipe 3642 is aligned with the opening of the fifth flue gas pipe 3652, the outlet of the fourth flue gas pipe 3642 is aligned with the outlet of the fifth flue gas pipe 3652, the opening of the fourth ammonia pipe 3641 is aligned with the opening of the fifth ammonia pipe 3652, and the outlet of the fourth ammonia pipe 3641 is aligned with the outlet of the fifth ammonia pipe 3652.

[0037] The fifth sleeve 365 is provided with a central baffle 356, which is a cylindrical structure. The cross-sectional shape of the fifth baffle 356 corresponds to that of the fifth sleeve 365. The outer wall of the fifth baffle 356 covers the fifth flue gas duct 3652 on the inner wall of the fifth baffle 365. This prevents the flue gas from mixing with the ammonia in the fifth ammonia duct 3651 during its flow in the fifth flue gas duct 3652, thus affecting the purity of the discharged mixed gas. The outer wall of the first sleeve 361 is covered with an outer baffle 351, which is a cylindrical structure. The inner wall of the outer baffle 351 is fitted to the outer wall of the first sleeve 351. The outer baffle 351 covers the first ammonia channel 3611 on the outer wall of the first sleeve 351.

[0038] Specifically, the openings of the first ammonia pipe 3611, the second ammonia pipe 3621, the third ammonia pipe 3631, the fourth ammonia pipe 3641, and the fifth ammonia pipe 3651 are all aligned with each other in the same direction, located on the same straight line, and simultaneously connected to the ammonia inlet 31. After ammonia enters the reactor 3 through the ammonia inlet 31, it enters the first ammonia pipe 3611, the second ammonia pipe 3621, the third ammonia pipe 3631, the fourth ammonia pipe 3641, and the fifth ammonia pipe 3651 through the ammonia inlet 31 respectively, and travels along the corresponding ammonia pipes. The gas flows in a spiral pattern, during which a decomposition reaction occurs, generating hydrogen and nitrogen. The outlets of the first ammonia pipe 3611, the second ammonia pipe 3621, the third ammonia pipe 3631, the fourth ammonia pipe 3641, and the fifth ammonia pipe 3651 are aligned with each other and located on the same straight line, and are simultaneously connected to the decomposition gas outlet 33. The mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen after decomposition in the corresponding ammonia pipes passes through the outlets of the first ammonia pipe 3611, the second ammonia pipe 3621, the third ammonia pipe 3631, the fourth ammonia pipe 3641, and the fifth ammonia pipe 3651, respectively. The gas exits through the outlet of flue gas duct 3651 and is finally discharged from the reactor 3 through the decomposed gas outlet 33. The openings of the first flue gas duct 3612, the second flue gas duct 3622, the third flue gas duct 3632, the fourth flue gas duct 3642, and the fifth flue gas duct 3652 are aligned with each other and located on the same straight line, and are simultaneously connected to the flue gas inlet 32. After being burned by the burner 4, the high-temperature gas enters the reactor 3 through the flue gas inlet 32, and then flows along the first flue gas duct 3612, the second flue gas duct 3622, the third flue gas duct 3632, and the fourth flue gas duct 3642. The flue gas flows spirally through the fifth flue gas duct 3652. During this spiral flow, the flue gas transfers its own heat to the ammonia gas flowing spirally through the multiple ammonia gas ducts, thereby heating the ammonia gas and promoting its endothermic decomposition. The outlets of the first flue gas duct 3612, the second flue gas duct 3622, the third flue gas duct 3632, the fourth flue gas duct 3642, and the fifth flue gas duct 3652 are aligned with each other and located on the same straight line, and are simultaneously connected to the flue gas outlet 34. After flowing through the multiple flue gas ducts and undergoing heat exchange, the flue gas converges at the outlet of its respective flue gas duct and is then discharged from the reactor 3 through the flue gas outlet 34.More specifically, the ammonia inlet 31, the flue gas inlet 32, the decomposition gas outlet 33, and the flue gas outlet 34 have the same shape. Each of these inlets includes a collecting portion and a guiding portion. The guiding portion of the ammonia inlet 31 is connected to the ammonia tank 1, and the collecting portion of the ammonia inlet 31 is simultaneously connected to the openings of the first ammonia pipe 3611, the second ammonia pipe 3621, the third ammonia pipe 3631, the fourth ammonia pipe 3641, and the fifth ammonia pipe 3651. The guiding portion of the flue gas inlet 32... The flue gas inlet 32 ​​is connected to the burner 4, and its collecting portion is simultaneously connected to the openings of the first flue gas duct 3612, the second flue gas duct 3622, the third flue gas duct 3632, the fourth flue gas duct 3642, and the fifth flue gas duct 3652; the decomposition gas outlet 33 is connected to the first heat exchanger 5, and its collecting portion is simultaneously connected to the outlets of the first ammonia duct 3611, the second ammonia duct 3621, the third ammonia duct 3631, the fourth ammonia duct 3641, and the fifth ammonia duct 3651.

[0039] Preferably, the first ammonia pipe 3611, the second ammonia pipe 3621, the third ammonia pipe 3631, the fourth ammonia pipe 3641, and the fifth ammonia pipe 3651; as well as the first flue gas pipe 3612, the second flue gas pipe 3622, the third flue gas pipe 3632, the fourth flue gas pipe 3642, and the fifth flue gas pipe 3652, are all microchannel structures, and the diameters of the first ammonia pipe 3611, the second ammonia pipe 3621, the third ammonia pipe 3631, the fourth ammonia pipe 3641, and the fifth ammonia pipe 3651; as well as the first flue gas pipe 3612, the second flue gas pipe 3622, the third flue gas pipe 3632, the fourth flue gas pipe 3642, and the fifth flue gas pipe 3652 are all less than 3 mm.

[0040] By interleaving multiple layers of sleeves from the inside out, each sleeve has spirally arranged flue gas and ammonia gas pipes on its inner and outer walls. Baffles are installed between adjacent sleeves, covering both the flue gas and ammonia gas pipes to prevent them from accumulating and affecting ammonia decomposition. This allows ammonia and flue gas to flow independently into the spirally arranged flue gas and ammonia gas pipes, increasing the equipment's integration and the flow distance of the ammonia and flue gas. This ensures sufficient and prolonged flow of ammonia and flue gas in a highly integrated environment, effectively improving the heating effect of ammonia and allowing it to fully heat and decompose into hydrogen and nitrogen. Furthermore, because each sleeve has spirally arranged flue gas and ammonia gas pipes on its inner and outer walls, combined with the blocking effect of the corresponding baffles, direct heat exchange between flue gas and ammonia can occur on each sleeve. The ammonia gas in the ammonia gas pipes on the outer wall of each sleeve... Both methods achieve sufficient and uniform heat exchange, greatly improving the heat exchange efficiency between flue gas and ammonia while reducing heat loss in the reactor. They also offer longer heat exchange lengths and times. Furthermore, the casing structure includes flue gas and ammonia pipes with diameters less than 3 mm, ensuring comparable gas flow velocities within the corresponding pipes. The multiple casings thus provide higher pressure resistance, effectively reducing heat loss during gas flow while ensuring sufficient ammonia flow and heat exchange with the flue gas, thereby improving the reactor's heat exchange efficiency. Compared to traditional reactor structures with microchannels, this eliminates the need for ammonia decomposition catalysts, reducing operating costs while improving ammonia decomposition. Similarly, since the ammonia flow direction is opposite to the flue gas flow direction, and both flow vertically, cross-flow heat exchange between ammonia and flue gas is facilitated, further enhancing the heat exchange effect and improving the stability of reactor 3.

[0041] exist Figure 1In order to improve the energy utilization rate of the entire system and reduce the energy consumption of the system, preferably, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with spiral channel further includes a second heat exchanger 6. The second heat exchanger 6 is connected to the flue gas outlet 34 and the fan 7. The second heat exchanger 6 is connected to the first heat exchanger 5. The flue gas after heat exchange is discharged through the flue gas outlet 34 and enters the second heat exchanger 6. The second heat exchanger 6 can transfer the residual heat of the flue gas after heat exchange to the air introduced from the fan 7. The air after preliminary heating by the second heat exchanger 6 enters the first heat exchanger 5. The remaining flue gas after heat exchange is discharged from the second heat exchanger 6 and vented at a high point. The first heat exchanger 5 is connected to the decomposition gas outlet 33 of the reactor 3. The first heat exchanger 5 can transfer the heat of the decomposed hydrogen and nitrogen discharged from the reactor 3 to the preliminarily heated air introduced from the second heat exchanger 6; further heat exchange of the air... Heating reduces the heat required for combustion in the subsequent burner 4, achieving efficient energy utilization and reducing energy consumption during the ammonia decomposition to hydrogen production process. To ensure sufficient heat for the gas after combustion in burner 4, providing adequate heat for ammonia decomposition in reactor 3 and promoting effective ammonia decomposition, preferably, the outlet of the mixed gas discharged from the first heat exchanger 5 is connected to the burner 4. A portion of the discharged hydrogen-containing mixed gas, after heat exchange, is introduced into the burner 4 as fuel, and the gas after combustion with heated air is introduced into the flue gas inlet 32 ​​of reactor 3 to provide heat for ammonia decomposition in reactor 3. More specifically, to improve the purity of hydrogen in the gas produced by the system and further reduce the impact of residual ammonia on ammonia decomposition, the outlet of the mixed gas discharged from the first heat exchanger 5 is also connected to a purification device 8, which is used to adsorb and improve the purity of the discharged mixed gas, reducing the ammonia content in the mixed gas.

[0042] To increase the flow rate of the mixed gas introduced into the burner 4 and the flow rate of the mixed gas produced by the system, a first mixed gas valve 51 is provided between the first heat exchanger 5 and the burner 4, and a second mixed gas valve 52 is provided between the first heat exchanger 5 and the purification device 8. By adjusting the opening of the first mixed gas valve 51 and the second mixed gas valve 52, the flow rate of the mixed gas entering the burner 4 and the purification device 8 from the first heat exchanger 5 is adjusted, thereby achieving a balance between heating ammonia and extracting and storing the mixed gas.

[0043] This ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with spiral microchannels utilizes a reactor with an inner-outer casing, and microchannel structures for flue gas and ammonia gas on the inner and outer walls of the casing, respectively. This highly integrated environment increases the flow distance between ammonia and flue gas, promoting a full reaction of ammonia. Heat exchange between ammonia and flue gas occurs on each casing, effectively improving the heat exchange efficiency and allowing ammonia to fully and uniformly absorb heat and decompose into hydrogen and nitrogen. This minimizes heat loss during the heat exchange process, reducing energy consumption during ammonia decomposition and eliminating the need for a catalyst, thus lowering operating costs. Furthermore, the system effectively utilizes the heat from the decomposed gases and the heat from the flue gas after heat exchange to provide heat for air combustion, reducing the energy consumption from additional air heating. Combined with the highly efficient and comprehensive heat exchange of the casing-type reactor with spiral microchannels, the system maximizes the efficiency of ammonia decomposition by utilizing the residual heat after the ammonia decomposition reaction, promoting the effective decomposition of ammonia.

[0044] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel, comprising an ammonia tank, a reactor, a burner, a first heat exchanger, and a blower, characterized in that: The ammonia tank is connected to the ammonia inlet of the reactor; The reactor comprises multiple sleeves arranged sequentially from the inside out, with the sleeves spaced apart from each other and a partition between adjacent sleeves. Each sleeve has an ammonia gas pipe on its outer wall and a flue gas pipe on its inner wall. The ammonia gas pipe and flue gas pipe on each sleeve are not interconnected. The partition between adjacent sleeves simultaneously covers both the ammonia gas pipe on the outer wall of one sleeve and the flue gas pipe on the other sleeve. One end of the reactor has an ammonia gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, with the ammonia gas inlet connected to the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves and the flue gas outlet connected to the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves. The other end of the reactor has a decomposition gas outlet and a flue gas inlet, with the decomposition gas outlet connected to the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves and the flue gas inlet connected to the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves. The burner is connected to the flue gas inlet, the decomposed gas outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is connected to both the fan and the burner, and the first heat exchanger transfers the heat of the gas discharged from the decomposed gas outlet to the air introduced from the fan. The ammonia pipeline has a curved structure and is spirally wound around the outer wall of the casing. The open end of the ammonia pipeline is connected to the top of the casing, and the outlet end of the ammonia pipeline is connected to the bottom of the casing. There are gaps between the various parts of the spirally wound ammonia pipeline. The opening and the outlet of the ammonia pipeline are arranged opposite each other and located on the same side of the casing. The flue gas duct has a curved structure and is spirally wound around the inner wall of the sleeve. The open end of the flue gas duct is connected to the bottom of the sleeve, and the outlet end of the flue gas duct is connected to the top of the sleeve. There are gaps between the various parts of the spirally wound flue gas duct. The opening and outlet of the flue gas duct are arranged opposite each other and located on the same side of the sleeve. The flue gas duct and the ammonia duct are arranged symmetrically. The opening of the flue gas duct is perpendicular to the main body of the flue gas duct, and the outlet of the flue gas duct is perpendicular to the main body of the flue gas duct.

2. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a nitrogen tank, the ammonia pipe and the nitrogen tank are connected in parallel, the ammonia tank and the nitrogen tank are simultaneously connected to the ammonia inlet of the reactor, an ammonia valve is provided between the ammonia tank and the ammonia inlet, and a nitrogen valve is provided between the nitrogen tank and the ammonia inlet.

3. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening of the ammonia pipeline is perpendicular to the main body of the ammonia pipeline, and the outlet of the ammonia pipeline is perpendicular to the main body of the ammonia pipeline.

4. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The openings of the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are all oriented in the same direction, the outlets of the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are all oriented in the same direction, the openings of the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are all oriented in the same direction, and the outlets of the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are all oriented in the same direction; the openings of the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the ammonia gas inlet, the outlets of the ammonia gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the decomposition gas outlet, the openings of the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the flue gas inlet, and the outlets of the flue gas pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the flue gas outlet.

5. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the ammonia gas pipe is less than 3 mm, and the diameter of the flue gas pipe is less than 3 mm.

6. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a second heat exchanger, which is connected to the flue gas outlet and the fan respectively. The second heat exchanger is connected to the first heat exchanger and transfers the residual heat of the flue gas after heat exchange to the air introduced from the fan.

7. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposed gas outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger, and one of the outlets of the first heat exchanger is simultaneously connected to the purification device and the burner.

8. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with a spiral channel according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first mixed gas valve is provided between the outlet of the first heat exchanger that is simultaneously connected to the purification device and the burner and the burner, and a second mixed gas valve is provided between the outlet of the first heat exchanger that is simultaneously connected to the purification device and the burner and the purification device.

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