Supporting device and supporting method for weak rock stratum roadway surrounding rock strengthening constraint structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a soft rock stratum roadway surrounding rock strengthening constraint structure supporting device and method.The device comprises a self-moving mechanism, an annular grooving machine and a longitudinal grooving machine, and the self-moving mechanism is composed of two annular supporting bodies of the same structure and a hydraulic telescopic rod III connected between the annular supporting bodies; the hydraulic telescopic rod is used for adjusting the distance therebetween; the annular supporting body is composed of an arc-shaped supporting plate and a hydraulic telescopic rod I and used for enlarging and reducing the outline size of the annular supporting body. The annular grooving machine is installed on the annular supporting body at the front end and used for conducting annular grooving on the wall face of the roadway. The longitudinal grooving machine is installed on the annular supporting body at the rear end and used for conducting longitudinal grooving on the wall face of the roadway. Grouting is conducted in the grooving network, then the grooving network is matched with the prefabricated building blocks, an integral cylindrical supporting structure is formed, a weak surrounding rock roadway can be effectively supported, and the stability of supporting is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and in particular to a supporting device and a supporting method for a surrounding rock reinforcement constraint structure of a soft rock stratum tunnel. Background Art

[0002] In underground mineral mining activities, soft coal-bearing sedimentary strata are very common, especially after entering the deep environment, excavation exposes the rock mass to relieve its in-situ triaxial stress state. The surrounding rock mass itself has low strength and tends to move and deform under the action of stress. Since soft rock mass is very easy to break and deform, the existing related surrounding rock control technology plays an effective practical role in the specific environment of deep soft rock. For example, (1) traditional anchor (cable) support is difficult to play a role in soft rock mass, and it is difficult to improve its bearing capacity while maintaining its integrity. It may even accelerate the crushing and deformation of surrounding rock due to process disturbance; (2) existing grouting modification technology pays little attention to the distribution and form of slurry in broken rock mass, and the corresponding control effect of the formed slurry structure is difficult to evaluate; (3) the precast concrete masonry structure matched with shield technology is relatively simple, and it is difficult to ensure the continuity of the overall properties of the spliced ​​and stacked blocks, and it is difficult to adapt to the variable stress environment in deep soft rock strata. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a set of targeted technical measures that can achieve considerable support strength while effectively constraining the deformation of the surrounding rock after excavation, which can effectively solve the practical problem of difficult control of surrounding rock support in excavation space in deep soft rock environments. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a support device and a support method for the surrounding rock of a soft rock stratum tunnel. By cutting grooves and injecting grout on the tunnel wall of the soft surrounding rock, and cooperating with the cylindrical structure surrounded by blocks, an integral support structure is formed, which can effectively support the soft surrounding rock.

[0004] The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: In the first aspect, the present invention discloses a supporting device for strengthening the surrounding rock restraint structure of a soft rock stratum tunnel, comprising:

[0005] The self-moving mechanism comprises two annular supports I and annular supports II of the same structure, wherein the annular supports I and the annular supports II are connected by a plurality of hydraulic telescopic rods III to adjust the distance between the two; the annular supports I is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped support plates I, each of which is connected by a hydraulic telescopic rod I, and the hydraulic telescopic rods I are used to extend and retract together to adjust the size of the outer contour of the annular supports I;

[0006] The annular groove cutting machine comprises a support I and a cutting arm I, wherein the support I is detachably connected to the arc-shaped support plate I at the bottom of the annular support body I, and the three cutting arms I are rotatably connected to the support I, and a cutting tooth I is provided on the top of the cutting arm I; the cutting arm I is driven by a motor to perform an annular groove cutting on the tunnel wall through the cutting tooth I;

[0007] The longitudinal grooving machine comprises a support II and a cutting arm II. The support II is detachably connected to the arc-shaped support plate II at the bottom of the annular support body II. A plurality of cutting arms II are rotatably connected to the support II. A cutting tooth II is provided on the top of the cutting arm II. Driven by the hydraulic telescopic rod III, the cutting arm II performs longitudinal grooving on the tunnel wall along the tunnel excavation direction.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the outer contour of the annular support body I becomes larger, the hydraulic telescopic rods I at both ends of the arc-shaped support plate I at the bottom extend in a mirror-like manner, and the arc-shaped support plates I on both sides thereof also extend in a mirror-like manner.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cutting arm I and the cutting arm II are hydraulic telescopic rod structures.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the pick I and the pick II are gear-type and driven by a motor to rotate.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention further discloses a method for strengthening the restraint structure support of surrounding rocks in a soft rock formation tunnel. Based on the above-mentioned strengthening restraint structure support device for surrounding rocks in a soft rock formation tunnel, the method comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step S1: After the tunnel is excavated for a certain distance, the support device performs a groove cutting operation behind the shield machine;

[0013] Step S2, the hydraulic telescopic rods II on the annular support body I at the front end of the self-moving device 1 are extended together, and except for the arc-shaped support plate I at the bottom, the remaining arc-shaped support plates I move outward and upward to contact the tunnel wall to provide temporary support for the tunnel; the hydraulic telescopic rods II on the annular support body II at the rear end are in a retracted state, and the arc-shaped support plate II on the annular support body II does not contact the tunnel wall;

[0014] Step S3, the annular groove cutting machine on the annular support body I at the front end works, the three cutting arms I extend together, and the cutting teeth I are driven to rotate by the motor; the three cutting arms I rotate under the drive of the motor, and the cutting teeth I cut an annular groove of a certain depth on the wall of the tunnel;

[0015] Step S4, while the annular grooving machine is working, the cutting arm II of the longitudinal grooving machine located on the annular support body II at the rear end is extended at the same time, and the pick II is driven by the motor to rotate and contact the tunnel wall; the hydraulic telescopic rod III retracts, driving the annular support body II at the rear end to approach the annular support body I at the front end, and the pick II is driven by the hydraulic telescopic rod III to perform longitudinal grooving on the tunnel wall;

[0016] Step S5, when the annular support body II at the rear end approaches the minimum distance from the annular support body I at the front end, the hydraulic telescopic rod II thereon extends, and the annular support plate II moves outward and upward, squeezing the tunnel wall to provide temporary support for the tunnel; the arc-shaped support plate I at the front end retracts, and the pick I is separated from the tunnel wall; thereby, the self-moving mechanism moves forward by one step;

[0017] Step S6, the hydraulic telescopic rod III extends forward, driving the annular support body I at the front end to move forward to the maximum distance and then stop, and the self-moving mechanism moves forward one step distance;

[0018] Step S7, repeating steps S2 to S6, the self-moving mechanism drives the annular groove cutting machine and the longitudinal groove cutting machine to cut a groove network consisting of a plurality of annular grooves and a plurality of longitudinal grooves on the tunnel wall;

[0019] Step S8, in the tunnel section formed by the groove network, a circle of concrete lining sheets is installed along the tunnel wall in the circumferential direction, and then multiple circles of concrete lining sheets are installed longitudinally; the concrete lining sheets are fixed in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction by bolts; a pipe-shaped support structure is formed in the tunnel section formed by the groove network;

[0020] Step S9, close both ends of the pipe-shaped support structure, inject grout into the groove network, and after the grouting solidifies, form a support shell composed of concrete lining sheets and grouting body; when the tunnel excavation is completed, establish a weak surrounding rock support structure composed of the support shell in the entire tunnel.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0022] (1) The device is provided with a self-moving mechanism, which can realize automatic forward movement in the tunnel by staggered contact between two annular support bodies. At the same time, the annular support body contacting the tunnel wall can play a temporary support role for the newly excavated tunnel; the self-moving mechanism, as a carrier, can drive the annular groove cutting machine and the longitudinal groove cutting machine to move forward to complete the groove cutting operation of the entire tunnel; the self-moving mechanism can drive the longitudinal groove to move forward to perform the groove cutting operation by extending and retracting the hydraulic telescopic rod between the two annular support bodies; through the organic cooperation of the three, the groove cutting work of the tunnel can be completed efficiently;

[0023] (2) The device is provided with an annular groove cutting machine on the front annular support body, and the three cutting arms are rotated to drive the cutting teeth to perform annular cutting, so as to improve the annular groove cutting work; the cutting arms on the annular groove cutting machine and the longitudinal groove cutting machine are both hydraulic telescopic rod structures, which are convenient for driving the cutting teeth thereon to perform the groove cutting work and to separate from the wall surface after the work;

[0024] (3) After the groove network is formed, the present invention assembles the previously prepared concrete lining pieces in the tunnel, and then grouts the groove network to form an organic support structure with the concrete lining pieces, which can effectively support the weak surrounding rock and improve the support efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the self-moving mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the annular grooving machine of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the longitudinal grooving machine of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is the connection diagram of the prefabricated concrete lining pieces;

[0030] Figure 5 It is the assembly diagram of the prefabricated concrete lining pieces in the roadway;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the soft surrounding rock tunnel;

[0032] In the figure, 1-self-moving mechanism, 11-annular support body I, 11-1-arc support plate I, 11-2-hydraulic telescopic rod I, 12-annular support body II, 12-1-arc support plate II, 12-2-hydraulic telescopic rod II, 13-hydraulic telescopic rod III, 2-annular grooving machine, 21-support I, 22-cutting arm I, 23-cutting tooth I, 3-longitudinal grooving machine, 31-support II, 32-cutting arm II, 33-cutting tooth II, 4-concrete lining sheet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention proposes a soft rock tunnel surrounding rock strengthening constraint structure support device, including a self-moving mechanism 1, an annular groove cutting machine 2 and a longitudinal groove cutting machine 3. Among them, the self-moving mechanism 1 includes an annular support body I11 and an annular support body II2, and the structures and sizes of the two are the same. The annular support body I1 and the annular support body II2 are connected by multiple hydraulic telescopic rods III13, and the distance between the two is adjusted by the hydraulic telescopic rods III13.

[0034] Specifically, the annular support body I11 is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped support plates I11-1, each arc-shaped support plate I11-1 is connected by a hydraulic telescopic rod I11-2, and the hydraulic telescopic rod I11-2 adjusts the size of the outer contour of the annular support body I by telescoping together; the annular support body II12 includes a plurality of arc-shaped support plates II12-1 and a hydraulic telescopic rod II12-2, and its connection structure is the same as that of the annular support body I1.

[0035] The rod head of the hydraulic telescopic rod III13 is hinged to the arc-shaped support plate II12-1.

[0036] Since the structures of the annular support body I11 and the annular support body II12 are the same, the working principle of how the annular support body I11 is expanded and reduced is described below: Figure 1 As shown, the number of arc-shaped support plates I11-1 in the annular support body I11 is 6. When the annular support body I1 expands outward, the hydraulic telescopic rods I11-2 at both ends of the arc-shaped support plate I11-1 at the bottom extend outward at the same time, each pushing the arc-shaped support plate II11 above it to move outward and upward, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 The two arc-shaped support plates II11-1 in the middle. The hydraulic telescopic rods I11-2 on the two arc-shaped support plates II11-1 also extend outward at the same time, and each pushes the two arc-shaped support plates II11-1 above them to move toward the top arc-shaped support plate II11-1. The top arc-shaped support plate II11 is provided with a hydraulic telescopic rod accommodation channel inside, which is used to leave operating space for the extended hydraulic telescopic rod I11-2. The above structure can ensure that the bottom arc-shaped support plate I11-1 remains in place, because the annular grooving machine 2 is fixedly provided on the arc-shaped support plate I1-11 on the annular support body I11, and the longitudinal grooving machine 3 is fixedly provided on the arc-shaped support plate II12-1 on the annular support body II12, and it is necessary to ensure that the two grooving machines maintain a relatively stable position.

[0037] like Figure 2As shown, the annular grooving machine 2 includes a support 121 and a cutting arm 122. The support 121 is fixed on the arc-shaped support plate 111-1 at the bottom of the annular support body 111 and is fixed by bolts. When not in use or when the work is completed, it can be removed at any time to make room for other equipment. The three cutting arms 122 are arranged in a circle with an interval of 120 degrees and are rotatably connected to the support 121. A motor is arranged behind the support 121, and the motor drives the three cutting arms 122 to rotate. A cutting tooth 123 is provided on the top of the cutting arm 122. In this embodiment, the cutting tooth 123 can be a fixed structure, such as a scraper type, or a gear structure, which is driven by a motor to rotate for cutting.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, the axial grooving machine 3 includes a support II31 and a cutting arm II32. The support II31 is fixed on the arc-shaped support plate II12-1 at the bottom of the annular support body II12 and is fixed with bolts for easy disassembly. When not in use or after work is completed, it can be disassembled to make room for the movement of other equipment. Multiple cutting arms II32 are rotatably connected to the support II31. A cutting tooth II33 is provided on the top of the cutting arm II32. The cutting arm II32 is driven by the hydraulic telescopic rod III13 to perform longitudinal grooving on the wall of the tunnel along the length direction of the tunnel. The cutting tooth II33 of this embodiment can be a fixed structure, such as a scraper type, or a gear structure, driven by a motor for cutting.

[0039] The movements in this support device are generated by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic parts and the rotation driven by the motor, and the above movements are all uniformly controlled by the controller.

[0040] The present invention also proposes a method for strengthening the restraint structure support of the surrounding rock of a soft rock stratum tunnel, which adopts the above-mentioned support device. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] Step S1: The shield machine excavates forward a certain distance in the tunnel, and the support device performs a groove cutting operation behind the shield machine.

[0042] Step S2, the hydraulic telescopic rods II11-2 on the annular support body I11 at the front end of the self-moving device 1 are extended together, and except for the arc-shaped support plate I11-1 at the bottom, the remaining arc-shaped support plates I11-1 move outward and upward to contact the tunnel wall to provide temporary support for the tunnel; the hydraulic telescopic rods II12-2 on the annular support body II12 at the rear end are in a retracted state, and the arc-shaped support plates II12-1 on the annular support body II12 do not contact the tunnel wall.

[0043] Step S3, the annular grooving machine 2 on the annular support body I11 at the front end works, and the three cutting arms I22 are extended together, so that the cutting teeth I23 are driven by the motor to rotate; the three cutting walls I22 rotate under the drive of the motor, and the cutting teeth I23 jointly cut an annular groove of a certain depth on the wall of the tunnel.

[0044] Step S4, while the annular grooving machine is working, the cutting arm II32 of the longitudinal grooving machine 3 on the annular support body II12 at the rear end is extended at the same time, and the cutting tooth II33 rotates under the drive of the motor and contacts the wall of the tunnel; the hydraulic telescopic rod III13 retracts, driving the annular support body II12 at the rear end to approach the annular support body I11 at the front end, and the cutting tooth II33 is driven by the hydraulic telescopic rod III13 to perform longitudinal grooving on the wall of the tunnel.

[0045] Step S5, when the annular support body II12 at the rear end approaches the minimum distance from the annular support body I11 at the front end, the hydraulic telescopic rod II12-2 thereon extends, and the annular support plate II12-1 moves outward and upward, squeezing the tunnel wall to provide temporary support for the tunnel; the arc-shaped support plate I11-1 at the front end retracts, and at the same time the pick I23 disengages from the tunnel wall; thereby the self-moving mechanism 1 moves forward one step.

[0046] Step S6, the hydraulic telescopic rod III13 extends forward, driving the annular support body I11 at the front end to move forward to the maximum distance and then stop, and the self-moving mechanism 1 moves forward another step distance.

[0047] Step S7, repeating steps S2 to S6, cutting a groove network consisting of a plurality of circumferential grooves and a plurality of longitudinal grooves on the tunnel wall.

[0048] Step S8: In the tunnel section formed by the groove network, concrete lining sheets 4 are installed along the tunnel wall surface. The concrete lining sheets 4 are connected by bolts to form a pipe-like support structure in the tunnel section formed by the groove network.

[0049] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown, it is a connection diagram between the left and right and the front and back of the concrete lining sheet 4. The concrete lining sheet 4 is provided with a hole for the screw to pass through, and is also provided with a working area for tightening the nut. When the left and right concrete lining sheets 4 are connected, a screw passes through the holes of the two concrete lining sheets 4, and the two ends are fixedly connected with nuts. The front and back concrete lining sheets 4 are the same as above.

[0050] like Figure 5 As shown, the concrete lining sheet 4 is an arc-shaped sheet, and the circle where its outer wall is located is the same as the diameter of the tunnel. When installing, it is installed from the bottom to both sides, and the top concrete lining sheet is inserted into it to form a pipe-like supporting structure with a certain width.

[0051] Step S9, close both ends of the pipe-shaped support structure, inject grout into the groove network on it, and after the grouting solidifies, form a support shell composed of a concrete lining sheet and a grouting body; when the tunnel excavation is completed, establish a weak surrounding rock support structure composed of a support shell in the entire tunnel, such as Figure 6 shown.

[0052] The present invention carries out targeted support according to the characteristics of the soft surrounding rock. A groove cutting machine is used to cut to form a groove network, and then prefabricated concrete lining pieces 4 are used for support. Then grouting is performed in the grooved network. The network structure formed after grouting can reinforce the soft surrounding rock and restrain its deformation, and then together with the concrete lining piece 4, a stable tunnel support structure is formed. This cylindrical support structure can effectively support the weak surrounding rock and has a good support effect.

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes that can be made within the knowledge scope of technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the spirit of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soft rock tunnel surrounding rock strengthening constraint structure support device, characterized in that: include A self-moving mechanism (1) comprises two annular support bodies I (11) and annular support bodies II (12) of identical structure, wherein the annular support bodies I (11) and the annular support bodies II (12) are connected via a plurality of hydraulic telescopic rods III (13) to adjust the distance between the two; the annular support body I (11) is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped support plates I (11-1), each of the arc-shaped support plates I (11-1) is connected via hydraulic telescopic rods I (11-2), and the hydraulic telescopic rods I (11-2) are used to extend and retract together to adjust the size of the outer contour of the annular support body I (11); The annular groove cutting machine (2) comprises a support 1 (21) and a cutting arm 1 (22), wherein the support 1 (21) is detachably connected to the arc-shaped support plate 1 (11-1) at the bottom of the annular support body 1 (11), and the three cutting arms 1 (22) are rotatably connected to the support 1 (21), and a cutting tooth 1 (23) is provided on the top of the cutting arm 1 (22); the cutting arm 1 (22) is driven by a motor to perform annular groove cutting on the tunnel wall through the cutting tooth 1 (23); A longitudinal grooving machine (3) comprises a support II (31) and a cutting arm II (32), wherein the support II (31) is detachably connected to an arc-shaped support plate II (12-1) at the bottom of the annular support body II (12), a plurality of cutting arms II (32) are rotatably connected to the support II (31), a cutting tooth II (33) is provided at the top of the cutting arm II (32), and the cutting arm II (32) performs longitudinal grooving on the tunnel wall along the tunnel excavation direction under the drive of the hydraulic telescopic rod III (13).

2. The soft rock stratum tunnel surrounding rock strengthening constraint structure support device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the outer contour of the annular support body I (11) becomes larger, the hydraulic telescopic rods I (11-2) at both ends of the arc-shaped support plate I (11-1) at the bottom extend in a mirror-like manner, and the arc-shaped support plates I (11-1) on both sides thereof also extend in a mirror-like manner.

3. The soft rock stratum tunnel surrounding rock strengthening constraint structure support device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cutting arm I (22) and the cutting arm II (32) are hydraulic telescopic rod structures.

4. The soft rock stratum tunnel surrounding rock strengthening constraint structure support device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The pick I (23) and the pick II (33) are gear-type and are driven by a motor to rotate.

5. A method for strengthening the restraint structure support of surrounding rock in a soft rock stratum tunnel, based on the device for strengthening the restraint structure support of surrounding rock in a soft rock stratum tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: After the tunnel is excavated for a certain distance, the support device performs a groove cutting operation behind the shield machine; Step S2, the hydraulic telescopic rods II (11-2) on the annular support body I (11) at the front end of the self-moving device 1 are extended together, and except for the arc-shaped support plate I (11-1) at the bottom, the remaining arc-shaped support plates I (11-1) move outward and upward to contact the tunnel wall to provide temporary support for the tunnel; the hydraulic telescopic rods II (12-2) on the annular support body II (12) at the rear end are in a retracted state, and the arc-shaped support plates II (12-1) on the annular support body II (12) do not contact the tunnel wall; Step S3, the annular groove cutting machine (2) on the annular support body I (11) at the front end works, the three cutting arms I (22) are extended together, and the cutting teeth I (23) are driven to rotate by the motor; the three cutting walls I (22) rotate under the drive of the motor, and the cutting teeth I (23) cut an annular groove of a certain depth on the tunnel wall; Step S4, while the annular grooving machine (2) is working, the cutting arm II (32) of the longitudinal grooving machine (3) located on the annular support body II (12) at the rear end is extended at the same time, and the cutting teeth II (33) are rotated by the motor to contact the tunnel wall; the hydraulic telescopic rod III (13) retracts, driving the annular support body II (12) at the rear end to approach the annular support body I (11) at the front end, and the cutting teeth II (33) are driven by the hydraulic telescopic rod III (13) to perform longitudinal grooving on the tunnel wall; Step S5, when the annular support body II (12) at the rear end approaches the minimum distance from the annular support body I (11) at the front end, the hydraulic telescopic rod II (12-2) thereon extends, and the annular support plate II (12-1) moves outward and upward, squeezing the tunnel wall to provide temporary support for the tunnel; the arc-shaped support plate I (11-1) at the front end retracts, and at the same time, the pick I (23) is separated from the tunnel wall; thereby, the self-moving mechanism (1) moves forward by one step; Step S6, the hydraulic telescopic rod III (13) extends forward, driving the annular support body I (11) at the front end to move forward to the maximum distance and then stop, and the self-moving mechanism (1) moves forward one step distance; Step S7, repeating steps S2 to S6, the self-moving mechanism (1) drives the annular groove cutting machine (2) and the longitudinal groove cutting machine (3) to cut a groove network consisting of a plurality of annular grooves and a plurality of longitudinal grooves on the tunnel wall; Step S8, in the tunnel section formed by the groove network, a circle of concrete lining sheets (4) is installed circumferentially along the tunnel wall, and then multiple circles of concrete lining sheets (4) are installed longitudinally; the concrete lining sheets (4) are connected and fixed circumferentially and longitudinally by bolts; a pipe-shaped support structure is formed in the tunnel section formed by the groove network; Step S9, closing both ends of the pipe-shaped support structure, injecting grout into the groove-shaped network, and after the grouting solidifies, forming a support shell composed of the concrete lining sheet (4) and the grouting body; when the tunnel excavation is completed, a weak surrounding rock support structure composed of the support shell is established in the entire tunnel.

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