Transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading time sequence and loading method

Abstract

The invention discloses a transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with a controllable loading time sequence and a loading method, and aims to solve the problems that the load is difficult to quantitatively control in the existing loading method and the like. The device is composed of a test tube, a cover plate, a tubular heating furnace, a movable heat insulation valve, a hollow guide rod, a limiting pile, a flyer, a sabot and a light-gas gun. The movable heat insulation valve is coaxially arranged in the tubular heating furnace; the limiting pile moves along the hollow guide rod; and the test tube, the cover plate and the tubular heating furnace are coaxial. According to the loading method, a tubular heating furnace and a light-gas gun are adopted as loading elements, the light-gas gun is utilized to release high-pressure air, a tubular furnace cover plate is opened when a hollow guide rod moves, and a movable heat insulation valve pushes a high-temperature flow field in a tubular furnace to simulate transient heat flow to act on a loaded object; the flyer in the hollow guide rod and the hollow guide rod move together under high-pressure gas, and the flyer impacts on a loaded object to simulate shock wave loading. According to the invention, the combined and controllable loading of the loaded object by the shock wave and the heat flow field is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of dynamic mechanical property testing of materials, and relates to a transient heat-shock generating and quantitative loading device with controllable loading sequence, and more specifically, to a transient heat-shock loading device and a loading method which generate a transient controllable loading sequence by using a tubular heating furnace and flying sheet loading. Background Art

[0002] Thermobaric explosives are a type of explosive that uses thermal effects and shock wave overpressure to cause damage. The main components are high-energy explosive particles, liquid sensitizers, high calorific value metal powders, and energetic polymer materials. Thermobaric explosive weapons use the shock wave overpressure and continuous high-temperature fireballs generated by the explosion to effectively strike the target. Thermobaric weapons have thermal radiation energy that is several times or even dozens of times higher than conventional explosives, and the volume of the explosion fireball is much larger than that of conventional explosives. The duration of the fireball is also relatively longer than that of conventional explosives. Therefore, research on the thermal effect and shock wave combined loading of thermobaric weapons has important engineering value.

[0003] The transient thermal flow field of the explosion has the characteristics of short existence time, high temperature peak, and fast heat flow speed, and the same is true for the shock wave. At present, the research on the damage performance of the thermobaric explosion field mainly focuses on the thermal flow field and shock wave parameters of the explosion field. There is a lack of research on the damage effect of the thermal flow field and shock wave combined loading of thermobaric explosives. To carry out relevant research, it is necessary to realize the combined loading of thermal flow field and shock wave. At present, the main ways to study the damage effect of the thermal flow field and shock wave combined loading of the explosion field are real explosion experiments and numerical simulations. The real explosion experiment method is to arrange a certain amount of explosives for real explosion experiments to obtain the transient thermal flow field of the explosion. This method is the most comprehensive research method that can fully reflect the characteristics of the transient thermal flow field and shock wave of the explosion. However, due to the high cost of real explosion experiments, complex layout, cumbersome test procedures, difficult operation, poor safety, and difficult quantitative control of loads, the real explosion experiment method is not suitable as a common research method for studying the transient thermal flow field of the explosion. Numerical simulation is to simulate the explosion thermal flow field and shock wave loading process by building a numerical model and using a high-performance computer, and then simulate the response characteristics of the loaded object under transient thermal flow field and shock wave loading. However, due to the highly nonlinear characteristics of the explosion field and the complex material properties involved in the thermal flow field and shock wave propagation process, the credibility of using numerical simulation to study the damage effect of thermal flow field and shock wave combined loading is not as good as experimental real explosion methods. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to carry out thermal flow field and shock wave combined loading experiments in the laboratory.

[0004] At the beginning of the explosion, the shock wave speed is basically the same as the speed of the explosion fireball. As the explosion progresses, the shock wave speed gradually exceeds the speed of the explosion fireball, resulting in the loading interval and loading duration of the shock wave and thermal flow field on the loaded object gradually changing as the distance from the loaded object to the explosion center increases. In order to simulate the thermal flow field and shock wave loading at different positions in the thermobaric explosive explosion field, it is necessary to control the loading sequence, interval time and duration of the thermal flow field and shock wave. At present, shock wave loading in the laboratory usually adopts shock tube system, Hopkinson rod system and flying piece impact loading system, and thermal flow field loading usually adopts heating furnace and combustible gas combustion loading, but there is a lack of shock wave and thermal flow field coupling joint loading system.

[0005] How to realize shock wave loading, control the loading sequence and interval time of shock wave and thermal flow field, and realize quantitative loading and loading duration of shock wave and thermal flow field are technical issues that technicians in this field are very concerned about. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device and a loading method with controllable loading sequence. The loading device is based on a high-pressure loading device and a tubular furnace to simulate the explosion transient field, and solve the problems of the existing explosion test being expensive, complex in layout, cumbersome in testing procedures, difficult in operation, poor in safety, and difficult in quantitatively controlling the load. The loading device has a simple structure, low cost, and reusable core components. The transient field can quantitatively control the loading sequence, interval time, and loading duration, and can provide different loading loads for the test of the mechanical response characteristics of the target under thermal-shock combined loading. The method of using a transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading sequence to perform thermal shock loading on a target uses a thermal insulation valve to push the hot air in the tubular furnace to apply thermal shock loading to the target, and at the same time uses a high-pressure loading device to launch flying pieces to implement mechanical shock loading on the target.

[0007] The technical scheme of the present invention is: in combination with the characteristics of the explosion transient field, the loading device of the present invention adopts a tubular heating furnace and a high-pressure loading device as loading elements, and uses the high-pressure loading device to release high-pressure air to provide power for the hollow guide rod, and the electro-hydraulic actuator realizes the hollow guide rod to start moving and open the cover of the tubular furnace at the same time. The other end of the hollow guide rod is connected to a movable insulation valve, and the movable insulation valve slides in the tubular furnace to push the high-temperature flow field in the furnace to simulate the transient heat flow acting on the loaded object. Flying pieces are placed in the hollow guide rod, and the flying pieces and the hollow guide rod move together under high-pressure gas. When the hollow guide rod stops under the action of the limit pile, the flying pieces continue to move and hit the loaded object to simulate shock wave loading. By adjusting the air pressure of the high-pressure loading device, the relative position of the flying pieces and the hollow guide rod, the horizontal distance between the limit pile and the movable insulation valve, and the loading temperature of the tubular furnace, the heat flow and impact strength when the transient heat-shock load acts on the loaded object can be changed accordingly, and the characteristics of the explosion transient field can be more realistically simulated.

[0008] The loading device of the present invention is composed of a test tube, a cover plate, a tubular heating furnace, a movable insulation valve, a hollow guide rod, a limit pile, a flying piece, a spring support and a high-pressure loading device, which are coaxially arranged from left to right; the loaded object is placed inside the test tube; the movable insulation valve is coaxially placed inside the tubular heating furnace; the movable insulation valve is connected to the hollow guide rod by a thread, the hollow guide rod is connected to the limit pile by a thread, and the limit pile can move along the hollow guide rod; the test tube, the cover plate and the tubular heating furnace are coaxially placed.

[0009] The test tube is used to load the object and is cylindrical. The outer diameter D1 satisfies 350mm≤D1≤500mm; the wall thickness t1 satisfies 10mm≤t1≤20mm; the inner diameter d1 satisfies d1=D1-2×t1, and the length L1 satisfies 500mm≤L1≤750mm. The test tube is made of polymer material with good thermal insulation, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ1≥100MPa, density ρ1≥0.8g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ1≤0.5W / m·K. The basic principle is that no significant deformation occurs during the heat-shock process, it has good thermal insulation performance and light transmittance, can achieve heat insulation in the circumferential direction of the loaded object, and ensure that the loaded object only receives transient heat load heat.

[0010] The cover is used to open and close the tubular heating furnace, that is, to control the start and end of transient heat load loading. It is composed of two semicircular cover plates, divided into upper and lower cover plates. The upper cover plate has a diameter of D 21 Satisfy D 21 =D1, thickness t 21 Meet 50mm≤t 21 ≤80mm; diameter of lower cover D 22 Satisfy D 22 =D 21 , thickness t 22 Satisfy t 22 =t 21 The cover is powered by an air pump, and the working state is to open and close quickly up and down. The movement stroke is to move upward (downward) in the vertical direction, and the displacement h = 0.5 × D1. The cover is made of high thermal insulation material, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: compressive strength σ2 ≥ 100MPa, density ρ2 ≥ 0.8g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ2≤0.6W / m·K. The basic principle is to achieve good thermal insulation effect during the operation of the tubular heating furnace, ensure that the surface temperature on the left side of the cover does not exceed 200% of the room temperature, and ensure the thermal field in the tubular heating furnace is stable.

[0011] The tubular heating furnace is used to provide a heat load for transient thermal-shock loading and is cylindrical in shape. The outer diameter D3 satisfies D3 = D1, the length L3 satisfies 1200 mm ≤ L3 ≤ 1500 mm; the wall thickness t3 satisfies 35 mm ≤ t3 ≤ 50 mm, and the inner diameter d3 satisfies d3 = d1. A circular through-hole is opened at the concentric part at the right end of the tubular heating furnace, and the wall thickness t at the right end 31 satisfies t 31 = t3, and the diameter d of the circular through-hole 31 satisfies 10 mm ≤ d 31 ≤ 20 mm; a circular furnace door is opened at the concentric part at the left end, and the wall thickness t at the left end 32 satisfies t 32 = t3, the furnace door is cylindrical, and the diameter d 32 satisfies d 32 = d1; a vertical chute is welded to the outer wall on the left side of the tubular heating furnace to restrict the sliding direction of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate. Auxiliary pulleys are installed on both the left and right sides of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate. The auxiliary pulleys are aligned with the vertical chute and slide up and down or down and up in the vertical chute 33, so that the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate do not deflect during the sliding process. The outer wall of the tubular heating furnace is made of a highly heat-insulating material, and it is preferable to select an existing finished heating furnace on the market. The material and power of the tubular heating furnace need to satisfy: the compressive strength σ3 ≥ 100 MPa, the density ρ3 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 , the thermal conductivity λ3 ≤ 0.8 W / m·K. Heating wires are arranged on the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace, and the maximum heating temperature T max satisfies T max ≥ 1200 °C. The basic far side requires that the shell temperature is less than 45 °C when used continuously for a long time without stopping the furnace, and it can provide a stable high-temperature heat source.

[0012] The movable heat-insulating valve is used to convert the stable thermal field in the tubular heating furnace into a transient heat flow field and is cylindrical in shape. The diameter D4 satisfies D4 = d3, the inner diameter d4 satisfies 20 mm ≤ d4 ≤ 50 mm, and the thickness t4 < L3, preferably satisfying 20 mm ≤ t4 ≤ 50 mm. The right end of the inner diameter of the movable heat-insulating valve is machined with an internal thread with a length t 41 satisfying 5 mm ≤ t 41 ≤ 8 mm, and the pitch diameter Φ4 of the internal thread satisfies Φ4 = d4. The movable heat-insulating valve is in approximate smooth contact with the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace and can slide freely in the tubular heating furnace. The movable heat-insulating valve is made of a highly heat-insulating and low thermal expansion material, and the material is required to satisfy: the compressive strength σ4 ≥ 100 MPa, the density ρ4 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 , the thermal conductivity λ4 ≤ 0.6 W / m·K, and the thermal expansion coefficient α4 ≤ 1.5 × 10 -5 / K. The basic principle is that under the condition of continuous heating of the tubular heating furnace, the thermal expansion effect of the movable heat-insulating valve does not affect the free sliding of the movable heat-insulating valve in the tubular heating furnace.

[0013] The hollow guide rod is used to transmit power to the movable insulation valve and serves as a sliding track for the flying piece. It is composed of a left end cylinder and a right end cylinder coaxially connected. The outer diameter of the hollow guide rod D5 = d4, requiring the hollow guide rod to be able to slide freely along the axial direction in the circular through hole; the wall thickness of the left end cylinder t 51 Satisfy t 51 =0.1×D5, inner diameter d 51 Satisfy 51 =D5-2×t 51 , length L 51 Meet 450mm≤L 51 ≤500mm. The outer wall of the center of the left cylinder is tapped with a first external thread, and the hollow guide rod is connected to the limit pile through the first external thread. The distance L between the right end of the first external thread and the right end face of the left cylinder is 53 Meet L 53 =0.2×L 51 , median diameter Φ 53 Satisfy Φ 53 =D5, first external thread length L 52 Meet L 52 =0.5×L 51 The inner wall of the left cylinder is tapped with an internal thread, and the left cylinder is connected to the external thread of the cartridge holder through the internal thread. The cartridge holder is coaxially installed in the left cylinder. During the loading process, the hollow guide rod and the cartridge holder move together; the middle diameter of the internal thread is Φ 52 Satisfy Φ 52 =0.9×d 51 , internal thread length L 54 Meet L 54 =L 51 / 4. The left end cylinder passes through the circular through hole at the right end of the tubular heating furnace and is connected to the inner wall of the right end of the movable insulation valve through a second external thread. The threaded connection part is coaxially installed in the movable insulation valve; the second external thread is located at the left end of the left end cylinder, and the middle diameter is Φ 55 Satisfy Φ 55 =D5, length L 56 Meet L 56 =t4.

[0014] The right end cylinder contacts the high pressure gas in the barrel of the high pressure loading device and is inserted into the barrel. The length of the right end cylinder is L 55 Meet 40mm≤L 55 ≤50mm, diameter D 52 Satisfy D 52 ＝ D5.

[0015] The hollow guide rod is made of high-strength metal material, which is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ5 ≥ 200MPa, density ρ5 ≥ 1g / cm 3, thermal conductivity λ5≤50W / m·K, thermal expansion coefficient α6≤1.5×10 -5 / K. The basic principle is that during the action of high-pressure gas on the hollow guide rod, the hollow guide rod does not undergo obvious plastic deformation, and the thermal expansion under the condition of non-stop heating of the tubular heating furnace does not affect the free sliding of the hollow guide rod in the circular through hole of the tubular heating furnace. The length of the hollow guide rod in the gun barrel is 1 / 2 of the total length of the hollow guide rod, and the outer wall of the hollow guide rod inserted in the gun barrel is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the gun barrel.

[0016] The limit pile is used to control the free sliding distance of the movable insulation valve inside the tubular heating furnace, that is, after the limit pile slides a certain distance with the hollow guide rod, it contacts the right end of the tubular heating furnace to prevent the hollow guide rod and the movable insulation valve from continuing to slide, thereby quantitatively controlling the heat of the thermal load. The limit pile has a threaded through hole in the concentric circle, which is connected to the hollow guide rod by a thread to adjust the position of the limit pile on the hollow guide rod. The outer diameter D6 satisfies 100mm≤D6≤150mm, the thickness t6 satisfies 10mm≤t6≤20mm, and the inner mean diameter Φ6 of the threaded hole satisfies Φ6=Φ 53 The thread type is the same as the thread size of the hollow guide rod. The limit pile is made of high-strength metal material. The material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ6 ≥ 200MPa, density ρ6 ≥ 1g / cm 3 The basic principle is that no obvious plastic deformation occurs during the contact between the limit pile and the right end of the tubular heating furnace, which plays a limiting role on the movable insulation valve.

[0017] The flyer is used to apply impact load to the loaded object. In order to simulate the characteristics of shock wave load, the flyer is composed of three sections of cylinders. The cylinder on the left end of the flyer is used to reduce the peak value of the shock wave, the middle cylinder is used for deformation and energy absorption, and the cylinder on the right end provides kinetic energy. The diameters of the three sections of the flyer are the same, and the diameter D7 of the flyer satisfies D7=0.8×d 51 The lengths of the three cylindrical sections of the flying piece from left to right are L 71 , L 72 and L 73 , respectively satisfying 10mm≤L 71 ≤15mm、2mm≤L 72 ≤5mm and 5mm≤L 73 ≤10mm. The left end cylinder of the flyer is made of high elastic material, and the material requirements are: yield strength σ 71 ≥1MPa, density ρ 71 ≥0.5g / cm 3 ; The middle cylinder of the flyer is made of easily deformable material, and the material requirements are: yield strength σ 72 ≥100MPa, density ρ 72 ≥1g / cm 3 ; The middle cylinder of the flyer is made of high-strength material, and the material requirements are: yield strength σ 73≥200MPa, density ρ 73 ≥1g / cm 3 The basic principle is that when the flying piece hits the loaded object, the left end cylinder can return to its original shape after deformation, the middle cylinder is flattened, and the right end cylinder does not undergo obvious plastic deformation during the impact process.

[0018] The sabot is used to determine the position of the flying piece and push the flying piece to hit the loaded object to determine the impact time and impact speed. The sabot is cylindrical. The outer diameter D8 of the sabot satisfies D8 = Φ 52 , the length L8 satisfies 20mm≤L8≤30mm, the spring support is connected to the hollow guide rod through a thread, and the middle diameter Φ8 of the spring support external thread satisfies Φ8=Φ 52 The bullet holder is made of high-strength material, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: σ8 ≥ 200MPa, density ρ8 ≥ 1g / cm 3 The basic principle is that the sabot does not undergo significant plastic deformation during high-pressure gas loading.

[0019] The high-pressure loading device is used to provide power for the loading device, push the hollow guide rod to move, and then the movable insulation valve slides, generating a thermal flow field, and at the same time making the flying piece generate an initial velocity. The inner diameter d9 of the barrel of the high-pressure loading device satisfies d9=D5, and the barrel length L9 satisfies 850mm≤L9≤1000mm. The high-pressure loading device is made of high-strength materials, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: σ9≥200MPa, density ρ9≥5g / cm 3 The basic principle is stable loading without leakage.

[0020] The overall installation sequence of the device is to first install the cartridge case and the flying piece at a specific position inside the hollow guide rod, and then connect the movable insulation valve and the hollow guide rod to complete the assembly; place the assembled movable insulation valve and the hollow guide rod coaxially inside the tubular heating furnace; install the limit pile at a specific position on the air guide rod; place the tubular heating furnace, the movable insulation valve and the limit pile coaxially with the barrel of the high-pressure loading device; install the test tube, the cover plate and the tubular heating furnace coaxially to ensure that the three are tightly and smoothly connected, and finally place the target to be tested inside the outer shell.

[0021] The method of using the loading device of the present invention to perform transient heat-shock loading is:

[0022] The first step is preparation before loading:

[0023] 1.1 Check the connection and contact between the various components of the loading device, and observe whether there is any gap between the test tube, the cover plate and the tubular heating furnace. If there is no gap, it is judged that the test tube, the cover plate and the tubular heating furnace are in close and smooth contact; judge whether the movable insulation valve can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace by pushing the hollow guide rod to the left to see if it is blocked, and ensure that the movable insulation valve can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace; judge whether the hollow guide rod can slide freely in the barrel of the high-pressure loading device by pushing the hollow guide rod to the right to see if it is blocked, and ensure that the hollow guide rod can slide freely in the barrel of the high-pressure loading device; use the level to perform inspection and adjustment to ensure that the test tube, cover plate, tubular heating furnace, movable insulation valve, hollow guide rod and barrel of the high-pressure loading device are coaxially placed;

[0024] 1.2 Manually adjust the position of the movable insulation valve inside the tubular heating furnace to ensure that the movable insulation valve is in close contact with the inner wall of the right end of the tubular heating furnace.

[0025] 1.3 Measure and record the laboratory temperature T0 and the mass m of the flying piece 7.

[0026] 1.4 Place the loaded object coaxially inside the test tube and measure the horizontal distance x between the right end face of the loaded object and the left end face of the tubular heating furnace.

[0027] 1.5 Debug the air pump of the high-pressure loading device and the electro-hydraulic actuator of the cover plate respectively to ensure the working synchronization of the high-pressure loading device and the cover plate, and record the air pump pressure p (not less than 0.1MPa) of the high-pressure loading device.

[0028] 1.6 Establish the functional relationship between the air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device and the velocity v1 of the flying piece and the velocity v2 of the thermal flow field, the method is:

[0029] 1.6.1 Measure and record the air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device.

[0030] 1.6.2 Use the high-pressure air in the air pump of the high-pressure loading device to load the hollow guide rod. During operation, follow the safety operating regulations of the high-pressure loading device.

[0031] 1.6.3 Use a high-speed camera to measure the flying speed v1, and use an infrared camera to measure the speed v2 of the thermal flow field.

[0032] 1.6.4 Carry out loading experiments with different air pump pressures p, and draw scatter plots of air pump pressure p, flying sheet velocity v1, and thermal flow field velocity v2 respectively. By fitting the air pump pressure p and flying sheet velocity v1, the relationship curve f1 between the air pump pressure p and the flying sheet velocity v1 is obtained. By fitting the air pump pressure p and the thermal flow field velocity v2, the relationship curve f2 between the air pump pressure p and the thermal flow field velocity v2 is obtained.

[0033] 1.7 Determine the shock wave impulse I, the shock wave and thermal flow field loading interval Δt and the required temperature T1 according to the test requirements.

[0034] The second step is to perform a combined thermal flow field and shock wave loading on the loaded target, the method is:

[0035] 2.1 The inflation pressure in the air pump is determined by the shock wave impulse I applied to the loaded object and the flying piece mass m. The method is: determine the flying piece velocity v1 according to the shock wave impulse I = flying piece mass m × flying piece velocity v1; determine the inflation pressure p in the air pump according to the relationship curve f1 between the air pump pressure p and the flying piece velocity v1.

[0036] 2.2 According to the relationship curve f2, the thermal flow field velocity v2 under the air pump pressure p is obtained. The thermal flow field displacement is x, and the time t when the thermal flow field reaches the loaded object is calculated. r , t r =x / v2.

[0037] 2.3 Calculate the time t when the flying piece reaches the loaded object f , t f =t r +Δt, calculate the flyer displacement x f =t f v1, determine the horizontal distance from the left end of the flying piece 7 to the left end of the hollow guide rod as x i =x f -L3-x+t 31 +t4.

[0038] 2.4 Place the flying pieces, heat the tubular heating furnace to the required temperature T1, and fill the air pump of the high-pressure loading device with gas. The gas pressure is p. After the filling is completed, operate the high-pressure loading device in accordance with the safety operating regulations of the high-pressure loading device to load the hollow guide rod.

[0039] The third step is to measure and record the transient heat-shock field characteristics by:

[0040] 3.1 Before measurement, place the movable insulation valve close to the inner wall of the right end of the tubular heating furnace, and then release the high-pressure gas from the high-pressure loading device to start loading.

[0041] 3.2 Using a high-speed camera to measure the actual speed v of the flying piece s1 , combined with the flying piece mass m, the actual shock wave impulse I is obtained s =v s1 ·m.

[0042] 3.3 Using infrared camera to measure the actual flow velocity v of thermal flow field s2 and duration t sr, combined with the inner diameter d3 of the tubular heating furnace, the specific heat capacity c and the density ρ of the air, the thermal dose q of the thermal flow field is obtained as q = c·ρ·π·d3 2 ·v s2 ·t sr / 4.

[0043] The following technical effects can be achieved by using the present invention:

[0044] 1. The present invention aims at the problems existing in the prior art such as high cost, complex arrangement, cumbersome test procedure, difficult operation, poor safety, and difficulty in quantitative control of load in explosion test. A tubular heating furnace is used to provide a stable high-temperature thermal flow field, and a high-pressure loading device pushes a heat-insulating valve connected to a hollow guide rod, and the heat-insulating valve pushes the hot air in the heating furnace to form a thermal flow field loading; flying pieces are placed in the hollow guide rod, and under the loading of the high-pressure loading device, the flying pieces and the hollow guide rod move at the same time. After a certain distance, the hollow guide rod is restricted by the heating furnace and stops moving, and the flying pieces continue to move until they hit the loaded object, thereby realizing the combined loading of the loaded object by the shock wave (flying piece impact) and the thermal flow field.

[0045] 2. The present invention can quantitatively adjust the load degree and duration of the thermal flow field and the shock wave by filling with gases of different pressures according to different test requirements, and can accurately and quantitatively control the loading sequence and loading interval of the shock wave and the thermal flow field on the loaded object by adjusting the position of the flying piece in the hollow guide rod, thereby realizing controllable loading of the shock wave and the thermal flow field.

[0046] 3. For the thermal-mechanical shock combined loading method in a high temperature and high pressure field, the device of the present invention utilizes flying sheets and a tubular heating furnace to realize the thermal load-shock wave combined loading with controllable loading sequence, and adjusts the flying sheet speed through step 2.3 to realize different transient heat flux and shock wave timing loading. At the same time, the actual transient heat flux heat dose and shock wave impulse received by the measured target can be calculated in the third step. The whole device has a simple structure, is easy to operate, can be reused, has high result accuracy, and has low experimental cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is the overall structural diagram of the loading device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the loading device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the loading device and the loaded object of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cover plate and the tubular heating furnace of the present invention.

[0051] Definition of numbers in the figure: 1. Test tube, 2. Cover plate, 3- Tubular heating furnace, 4. Movable insulation valve, 5. Hollow guide rod, 6. Limit pile, 7. Flying piece, 8. Spring support, 9. High-pressure loading device, 10. Loaded object. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, the loading device of the present invention is composed of a test tube 1, a cover plate 2, a tubular heating furnace 3, a movable insulation valve 4, a hollow guide rod 5, a limit pile 6, a flying piece 7, a spring support 8 and a high-pressure loading device 9. Let the end close to the test tube 1 be the left end of the present invention, and the end away from the test tube 1 be the right end of the present invention. The test tube 1, the cover plate 2, the tubular heating furnace 3, the movable insulation valve 4, the hollow guide rod 5, the limit pile 6, the flying piece 7, the spring support 8 and the high-pressure loading device 9 are arranged coaxially from left to right (i.e., the OO' axis); the loaded object is placed inside the test tube 1; the movable insulation valve 4 is coaxially placed inside the tubular heating furnace 3; the movable insulation valve 4 is connected to the hollow guide rod 5 by threads, and the outer wall of the hollow guide rod 5 is covered with a limit pile 6, and the limit pile 6 can move along the outer wall of the hollow guide rod 5;

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, the test tube 1 is used to load the loaded object (the loaded object 10 is cylindrical in shape, the diameter D satisfies 0.1D1≤D≤0.5D1, and the thickness H satisfies H≤L1), and is cylindrical. The outer diameter D1 of the test tube 1 satisfies 350mm≤D1≤500mm; the wall thickness t1 satisfies 10mm≤t1≤20mm; the inner diameter d1 satisfies d1=D1-2×t1, and the length L1 satisfies 500mm≤L1≤750mm. The test tube 1 is made of a polymer material with good thermal insulation properties, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ1≥100MPa, density ρ1≥0.8g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ1≤0.5W / m·K. The basic principle is that no significant deformation occurs during the heat-shock process, it has good thermal insulation performance and light transmittance, and can achieve thermal insulation for the loaded object in the vertical direction (perpendicular to the OO' axis), ensuring that the loaded object only receives transient thermal load heat from the axial direction. The test tube 1 and the cover plate 2 remain coaxial, and the right end face of the test tube 1 is in smooth contact with the left end face of the cover plate 2, which does not affect the movement of the cover plate 2.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, combined Figure 4 The cover plate 2 is used to control the opening and closing of the tubular heating furnace 3, that is, to control the start and end of transient heat load loading. The cover plate 2 is formed by combining two semicircular cover plates, which are divided into upper and lower cover plates. The cover plate 2 is installed on the vertical slide 33 at the left end of the tubular heating furnace 3 and can slide up and down. The diameter of the upper cover plate 21 is D 21 =D1, thickness t 21 Meet 50mm≤t 21≤80mm; the lower cover plate 22 and the upper cover plate 21 are mirror-symmetrical, and the diameter D of the lower cover plate 22 22 = Diameter D of the upper cover plate 21 21 , the thickness t of the lower cover plate 22 22 Satisfy t 22 =Thickness t of the upper cover plate 21 21 The cover 2 is powered by an electro-hydraulic actuator (such as the SHL-DO-0080E0 electro-hydraulic actuator manufactured by Helfa Fluid Technology Co., Ltd.), and its working state is rapid opening and closing (speed 1m / s) (the upper cover 21 moves upward and the lower cover 22 moves downward to open; the upper cover 21 moves downward and the lower cover 22 moves upward to close), and the movement stroke is upward or downward in the vertical direction. During the opening and closing process, the displacement of the upper cover 21 and the lower cover 22 is h=0.5×D1. The cover 2 is made of high thermal insulation material, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: compressive strength σ2≥100MPa, density ρ2≥0.8g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ2≤0.6W / m·K. The basic principle is to achieve good thermal insulation during the operation of the tubular heating furnace 3, ensure that the surface temperature on the left side of the cover plate 2 does not exceed 200% of the room temperature, and ensure that the thermal field in the tubular heating furnace 3 is stable. The cover plate 2 is coaxially installed with the tubular heating furnace 3, and the right end face of the cover plate 2 is in smooth contact with the left end face of the tubular heating furnace 2, which does not affect the movement of the cover plate 2.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, combined Figure 4 The tubular heating furnace 3 is cylindrical and is used to provide heat load for the object being loaded. The shape is cylindrical. The outer diameter D3 satisfies D3=D1, the length L3 satisfies 1200mm≤L3≤1500mm; the wall thickness t3 satisfies 35mm≤t3≤50mm, and the inner diameter d3 satisfies d3=d1. A circular through hole 31 is opened in the center of the right end face of the tubular heating furnace 3 to pass the hollow guide rod 5, and the thickness of the right end face is t 31 Satisfy t 31 = t3, diameter d of circular through hole 31 31 Satisfy 10mm≤d 31 ≤20mm; the furnace opening 32 at the center of the left end face is used for hot air output, and the left end wall thickness is t 32 Satisfy t 32 =t3, furnace opening 32 diameter d 32 Satisfy 32= d1. A vertical chute 33 is welded to the left outer wall of the tubular heating furnace 3 for the upper cover plate 21 and the lower cover plate 22 to slide only in the vertical direction. Auxiliary pulleys 23 are installed on both the left and right sides of the upper cover plate 21 and the lower cover plate 22. The auxiliary pulleys 23 are aligned with the vertical chute 33 and slide up and down or down and up in the vertical chute 33, so that the upper cover plate 21 and the lower cover plate 22 do not deflect during the sliding process. The outer wall of the tubular heating furnace 3 is made of high heat-insulating materials, and preferably, a finished heating furnace on the market is selected. The material of the tubular heating furnace 3 needs to meet the compressive strength σ3 ≥ 100 MPa, the density ρ3 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 , the thermal conductivity coefficient λ3 ≤ 0.8 W / m·K. Heating wires 33 are arranged on the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace 3. The maximum heating temperature T max of the heating wires 33 meets T max ≥ 1200 °C. The basic principle is that when it is used continuously for a long time without stopping the furnace, the temperature of the outer shell is less than 45 °C, and a stable high-temperature thermal field can be provided. A movable heat-insulating valve 4 is coaxially installed in the tubular heating furnace 3. The side wall of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 is in smooth contact with the inner side wall of the tubular heating furnace 3 and maintains good sealing performance to improve the heat loading efficiency.

[0056] As Figure 2 shown, combined with Figure 1 , the movable heat-insulating valve 4 is annular, and is used to convert the stable high-temperature thermal field in the tubular heating furnace 3 into a transient heat flow field. The outer diameter D4 of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 meets D4 = d3, the inner diameter d4 meets 20 mm ≤ d4 ≤ 50 mm, and the thickness t4 < L3, preferably 20 mm ≤ t4 ≤ 50 mm. The inner side wall of the right end of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 is machined with internal threads, and the length t 41 of the internal threads meets 5 mm ≤ t 41 ≤ 8 mm, and the pitch diameter Φ4 of the internal threads meets Φ4 = d4. The outer side wall of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace 3 and can slide freely in the tubular heating furnace 3. The movable heat-insulating valve 4 is made of high heat-insulating and low thermal expansion materials, and the materials are required to meet: the compressive strength σ4 ≥ 100 MPa, the density ρ4 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 , the thermal conductivity coefficient λ4 ≤ 0.6 W / m·K, and the thermal expansion coefficient α4 ≤ 1.5×10 -5 / K. The basic principle is that under the condition of continuous heating of the tubular heating furnace 3, the thermal expansion effect of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 does not affect the free sliding of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 in the tubular heating furnace 3. The internal threads on the inner side wall of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 are connected to the external threads at the left end of the hollow guide rod 5.

[0057] As Figure 2 shown, combined with Figure 1The hollow guide rod 5 is used to transmit power to the movable insulation valve 4 and serves as a sliding track for the flying piece 7. It is composed of a left end cylinder 51 and a right end cylinder 52 connected coaxially. The outer diameter of the hollow guide rod 5 is D5 = d4, which requires that the hollow guide rod 5 can slide freely along the axial direction in the circular through hole 31; the wall thickness of the left end cylinder 51 is t 51 Satisfy t 51 =0.1×D5, inner diameter d 51 Satisfy 51 =D5-2×t 51 , length L 51 Meet 450mm≤L 51 The left cylinder 51 has a first external thread 53 on its central outer wall. The hollow guide rod 5 is connected to the limit pile 6 through the first external thread 53. The distance L between the right end of the first external thread 53 and the right end face of the left cylinder 51 is 53 Meet L 53 =0.2×L 51 , median diameter Φ 53 Satisfy Φ 53 =D5, thread length L 52 Meet L 52 =0.5×L 51 The inner wall of the left end cylinder 51 is tapped with an internal thread 54, and the left end cylinder 51 is connected to the external thread of the cartridge 8 through the internal thread 54. The cartridge 8 is coaxially installed in the left end cylinder 51. During the loading process, the hollow guide rod 5 and the cartridge 8 move together; the middle diameter of the internal thread 54 is Φ 52 Satisfy Φ 52 =0.9×d 51 , internal thread 54 length L 54 Meet L 54 =L 51 / 4. The left end cylinder 51 passes through the circular through hole 31 at the right end of the tubular heating furnace 3, and is connected to the inner wall of the right end of the movable insulation valve 4 through the second external thread 55. The threaded connection part is coaxially installed in the movable insulation valve 4; the second external thread 55 is located at the left end of the left end cylinder 51, and the middle diameter is Φ 55 Satisfy Φ 55 =D5, length L 56 Meet L 56 =t4.

[0058] The right end cylinder 52 contacts the high pressure gas in the gun barrel 91 of the high pressure loading device 9 and is inserted into the gun barrel 91. The length of the right end cylinder 52 is L 55 Meet 40mm≤L 55 ≤50mm, diameter D 52 Satisfy D 52 ＝ D5.

[0059] The hollow guide rod 5 is made of high-strength metal material, which is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ5 ≥ 200 MPa, density ρ5 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ5≤50W / m·K, thermal expansion coefficient α6≤1.5×10 -5 / K. The basic principle is that during the action of high-pressure gas on the hollow guide rod 5, the hollow guide rod 5 does not undergo obvious plastic deformation, and the thermal expansion under the condition that the tubular heating furnace 3 does not stop heating does not affect the free sliding of the hollow guide rod 5 in the circular through hole 31 of the tubular heating furnace 3. The length of the hollow guide rod 5 in the gun barrel 91 is 1 / 2 of the total length of the hollow guide rod 5, and the outer wall of the hollow guide rod 5 inserted in the gun barrel 91 is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the gun barrel 91.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, combined Figure 1 The limit pile 6 is used to control the free sliding distance of the movable insulation valve 4 inside the tubular heating furnace 3, that is, the limit pile 6 contacts the right end surface of the tubular heating furnace 3 after sliding a certain distance to the left with the hollow guide rod 5, thereby preventing the hollow guide rod 5 and the movable insulation valve 4 from continuing to slide to the left, thereby quantitatively controlling the heat of the heat load. The limit pile 6 is annular and has a threaded through hole 61. The left end cylinder 51 is nested in the threaded through hole 61 through the first external thread 53, so that the position of the limit pile 6 on the left end cylinder 51 can be adjusted. The outer diameter D6 of the limit pile 6 satisfies d 31 <≤D6≤150mm, thickness t6 satisfies 10mm≤t6≤20mm, inner diameter Φ6 of threaded through hole 61 satisfies Φ6=Φ 53 The limit pile 6 is made of high-strength metal material, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ6 ≥ 200MPa, density ρ6 ≥ 1g / cm 3 The basic principle is that no obvious plastic deformation occurs during the contact between the limit pile 6 and the right end of the tubular heating furnace 3, which plays a limiting role on the movable insulation valve 4.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, combined Figure 1 The flying piece 7 is used to apply an impact load to the loaded object. In order to simulate the shock wave load characteristics, the flying piece 7 is cylindrical and coaxially installed in the left end cylinder 51, located on the left side of the bullet support 8. It is composed of a flying piece left end cylinder 71, a middle cylinder 72, and a flying piece right end cylinder 73. The flying piece left end cylinder 71, the middle cylinder 72, and the flying piece right end cylinder 73 are adhered from left to right by strong glue in the order of the flying piece left end cylinder 71, the middle cylinder 72, and the flying piece right end cylinder 73, and the coaxiality is ensured during adhesion. The flying piece left end cylinder 71 is used to reduce the shock wave peak value, the middle cylinder 72 is used for deformation and energy absorption, and the flying piece right end cylinder 73 provides kinetic energy, so that the shock wave applied to the target by the flying piece 7 when it hits the target is similar to the explosion shock wave waveform. The flying piece left end cylinder 71, the middle cylinder 72, and the flying piece right end cylinder 73 have the same diameter, and the diameter D7 of the flying piece 7 satisfies D7=d51 The lengths of the left end cylinder 71, the middle cylinder 72, and the right end cylinder 73 of the flying piece are L 71 , L 72 and L 73 , satisfying 10mm≤L 71 ≤15mm、2mm≤L 72 ≤5mm and 5mm≤L 73 ≤10mm. The left end cylinder 71 of the flyer is made of high elastic material, and the material is required to have a yield strength of σ 71 ≥1MPa, density ρ 71 ≥0.5g / cm 3 ; The middle cylinder 72 of the flying piece is made of easily deformable material, and the material is required to have a yield strength σ 72 ≥100MPa, density ρ 72 ≥1g / cm 3 The right cylinder 73 of the flyer is made of high-strength material, and the material is required to have a yield strength of σ 73 ≥200MPa, density ρ 73 ≥1g / cm 3 The basic principle is that when the flying piece 7 hits the loaded object, the left end cylinder 71 of the flying piece can be restored to its original shape after deformation, the middle cylinder 72 is flattened, and the right end cylinder 73 of the flying piece does not undergo obvious plastic deformation during the impact process. Before the test, the side wall of the flying piece 7 is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the left end cylinder 51, and the right end face 73 of the flying piece is in smooth contact with the left end face of the sabot 8. The sabot 8 obtains a certain speed under the action of the hollow guide rod 5, pushing the flying piece 7 to obtain a speed, thereby hitting the loaded object.

[0062] The buttstock 8 is used to determine the position of the flyer 7 and push the flyer 7 to impact the loaded object 10 to determine the impact time and impact speed. The buttstock 8 is cylindrical. The outer diameter D8 of the buttstock 8 satisfies D8=Φ 52 The length L8 satisfies 20mm≤L8≤30mm. The outer wall of the buttstock 8 is tapped with an external thread 81, and the middle diameter Φ8 of the external thread 81 of the buttstock 8 satisfies Φ8=Φ 52 The spring support 8 is connected to the inner thread 54 of the left end cylinder 51 of the hollow guide rod 5 through the outer thread 81. The initial position of the flying piece 7 is determined by thread positioning. The spring support 8 is made of high-strength material, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: σ8 ≥ 200 MPa, density ρ8 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 The basic principle is that the sabot 8 does not undergo obvious plastic deformation during the high-pressure gas loading process. During the test, the high-pressure gas in the barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device 9 pushes the hollow guide rod 5, pushes the sabot 8, and then gives the flying piece 7 a certain initial velocity.

[0063] The high-pressure loading device 9 is used to provide power for the loading device, pushing the hollow guide rod 5 to move, thereby causing the movable insulation valve 4 to slide and generate a thermal flow field. At the same time, the buttstock 8 causes the flying piece 7 to generate an initial velocity. The inner diameter d9 of the barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device satisfies d9=D5, and the length L9 of the barrel 91 satisfies 850mm≤L9≤1000mm. The air pump of the high-pressure loading device is generally selected from BAEY-33 / 24G of Shanghai Gesu Industrial Co., Ltd. The high-pressure loading device 9 is made of high-strength material, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: σ9≥200MPa, density ρ9≥5g / cm 3 The basic principle is stable loading without leakage.

[0064] The main parameters of an embodiment of the present invention are as follows: L1 = 500 mm, D1 = 500 mm, t1 = 10 mm, d1 = 480 mm, D 21 =D 22 =500mm,t 21 =t22=50mm, L3=1200mm, D3=500mm, d3=480mm, d 32 =480mm, d 31 =20mm, t3=t 31 =50mm, D4=480mm, d4=20mm, t4=20mm, Φ4=20mm, L 51 =500mm, L 52 =250mm, L 53 =100mm, L 54 =125mm, L 55 =50mm, L 56 =20mm, D5=20mm, t 51 =2mm,d 51＝ 16mm, Φ 52 =16mm,Φ 53 =20mm,Φ 55 =20mm, D6=100mm, Φ6=20mm, t6=10mm, D7=16mm, L 71 =10mm, L 72 =2mm, L 73 =5mm, D8=16mm, Φ8=16mm, L8=30mm, d9=20mm, L9=1000mm. Test tube 1 is made of acrylic, with a light transmittance of 92%, a yield strength σ1=81MPa, and a density ρ1=1.18g / cm 3 , λ1=0.2W / m·K; the cover plate 2 is made of mica board, with compressive strength σ2=300MPa and density ρ2=2.65g / cm 3, thermal conductivity λ2=0.42W / m·K; tubular heating furnace 3 is made of mica board, compressive strength σ3=300MPa, density ρ3=2.65g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ3=0.42W / m·K; movable heating valve 4 is made of mica board, compressive strength σ4=300MPa, density ρ4=2.65g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ4=0.42W / m·K, thermal expansion coefficient α4=6.7×10 -6 / K; The hollow guide rod 5 is made of steel with a yield strength of σ5 = 300 MPa and a density of ρ5 = 7.8 g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ5=45W / m·K, thermal expansion coefficient α6=2.5×10 -6 / K; The limit pile 6 is made of steel, with a yield strength of σ6 = 300 MPa and a density of ρ6 = 7.8 g / cm 3 The left end cylinder 71 of the fly sheet 7 is made of polyurethane sponge, the yield strength σ 71 =5MPa, density ρ 71 =1.04g / cm 3 ; The middle cylinder 72 of the flying piece is made of aluminum alloy, and the required material is: yield strength σ 72 =109MPa, density ρ 72 =2.78g / cm 3 The right cylinder 73 of the flying piece is made of steel, and the yield strength σ 73 =300MPa, density ρ 73 =7.8g / cm 3 ; The cartridge case 8 is made of steel with a density of σ8 = 300 MPa and a density of ρ8 = 7.8 g / cm 3 .

[0065] The method of measuring the thermal dose of transient temperature field by the measuring device designed according to the above parameters is:

[0066] The first step is preparation before loading:

[0067] 1.1 Check the connection and contact between the various components of the loading device, and observe whether there is any gap between the test tube 1, the cover plate 2 and the tubular heating furnace 3. If there is no gap, it is judged that the test tube 1, the cover plate 2 and the tubular heating furnace 3 are in close and smooth contact; judge whether the movable insulation valve 4 can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace 3 by pushing the hollow guide rod 5 to the left to see if it is blocked, and ensure that the movable insulation valve 4 can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace 3; judge whether the hollow guide rod 5 can slide freely in the gun barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device 9 by pushing the hollow guide rod 5 to the right to see if it is blocked, and ensure that the hollow guide rod 5 can slide freely in the gun barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device 9; use the level to detect and adjust to ensure that the test tube 1, the cover plate 2, the tubular heating furnace 3, the movable insulation valve 4, the hollow guide rod 5, and the gun barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device 9 are coaxially placed;.

[0068] 1.2 Manually adjust the position of the movable insulation valve 4 inside the tubular heating furnace 3 to ensure that the movable insulation valve 4 is in close contact with the inner wall of the right end of the tubular heating furnace 3.

[0069] 1.3 Measure and record the laboratory temperature T0 = 20°C and the mass of the flying piece 7 m = 11 g.

[0070] 1.4 As Figure 3 As shown, the loaded object 10 is coaxially placed inside the test tube 1, and the horizontal distance x between the right end surface of the loaded object 10 and the left end surface of the tubular heating furnace 3 is measured to be 200 mm.

[0071] 1.5 Debug the air pump of the high-pressure loading device 9 and the electro-hydraulic actuator of the cover plate 2 respectively to ensure the working synchronization of the high-pressure loading device 9 and the cover plate 2, and record the air pump pressure p (not less than 0.1 MPa) of the high-pressure loading device 9.

[0072] 1.6 Establish the functional relationship between the air pump pressure p of the high pressure loading device 9 and the velocity v1 of the flying sheet 7 and the thermal flow field velocity v2, the method is:

[0073] 1.6.1 Measure and record the air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device 9.

[0074] 1.6.2 Use the high-pressure air in the air pump of the high-pressure loading device 9 to load the hollow guide rod 5. During operation, follow the safety operating regulations of the high-pressure loading device.

[0075] 1.6.3 Use a high-speed camera to measure the speed v1 of the flying piece 7, and use an infrared camera to measure the speed v2 of the thermal flow field.

[0076] 1.6.4 Carry out loading experiments with different air pump pressures p, and draw scatter plots of air pump pressure p, flying sheet velocity v1, and thermal flow field velocity v2 respectively. By fitting the air pump pressure p and flying sheet velocity v1, the relationship curve f1 between the air pump pressure p and the flying sheet velocity v1 is obtained. By fitting the air pump pressure p and the thermal flow field velocity v2, the relationship curve f2 between the air pump pressure p and the thermal flow field velocity v2 is obtained.

[0077] 1.7 According to the test requirements, the shock wave impulse I = 0.0385N·s, the shock wave and thermal flow field loading interval Δt = 0.01s and the required temperature T1 = 1000°C are determined.

[0078] The second step is to perform a combined thermal flow field and shock wave loading on the loaded target, the method is:

[0079] 2.1 The inflation pressure in the air pump is determined by the shock wave impulse I applied to the loaded object and the mass m of the flying piece 7, the method is: according to the shock wave impulse I = mass m of the flying piece 7 × speed v1 of the flying piece 7, the flying piece speed v1 is determined to be 3.5m / s; according to the relationship curve f1 between the air pump pressure p and the speed v1 of the flying piece 7, the inflation pressure p in the air pump is determined to be 0.2MPa.

[0080] 2.2 According to the relationship curve f2, the thermal flow field velocity v2 = 0.42 m / s under the air pump pressure p, the thermal flow field displacement is x, and the time t when the thermal flow field reaches the loaded object is calculated r , t r =x / v2=0.2 / 0.42=0.476s.

[0081] 2.3 Calculate the time t when the flying piece 7 reaches the loaded object f , t f =t r +Δt=0.485s, calculate the displacement x of the flying piece 7 f =t f v1 = 1700 mm, determine the horizontal distance from the left end of the flying piece 7 to the left end of the hollow guide rod 5 as x i =x f -L3-x+t 31 +t4=37mm.

[0082] 2.4 Place the flying piece 7, heat the tubular heating furnace 3 to the required temperature T1, and fill the air pump of the high-pressure loading device 9 with gas, the gas pressure is p. After the filling is completed, operate the high-pressure loading device in accordance with the safety operating regulations of the high-pressure loading device to load the hollow guide rod 5.

[0083] The third step is to measure and record the transient heat-shock field characteristics by:

[0084] 3.1 Before measurement, the movable insulation valve 3 is placed close to the inner wall of the right end of the tubular heating furnace 3, and the high-pressure loading device 9 releases high-pressure gas to start loading.

[0085] 3.2 Using a high-speed camera to measure the actual speed v of the flying piece 7 s1 =3.3m / s, combined with the mass m of the flying piece, the actual shock wave impulse I is obtained s =v s1 ·m=0.0363N·s.

[0086] 3.3 Using infrared camera to measure the actual flow velocity v of thermal flow field s2 = 0.39 m / s and duration t sr = 0.36s, combined with the inner diameter d3 of the tubular heating furnace, the specific heat capacity of air c = 1007 J / (kg·℃) and the density ρ = 1.29 kg / m 3 , we get the thermal dose of the thermal flow field q = c·ρ·π·d3 2 ·v s2 ·t sr / 4=35.8J.

[0087] The above implementation example is only one embodiment of the present invention, and its specific structure and size can be adjusted accordingly according to actual needs. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading sequence, characterized in that The transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading sequence comprises a test tube (1), a cover plate (2), a tubular heating furnace (3), a movable insulation valve (4), a hollow guide rod (5), a limit pile (6), a flying piece (7), a spring support (8) and a high-pressure loading device (9); the end close to the test tube (1) is the left end of the transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading sequence, and the end away from the test tube (1) is the right end of the transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading sequence; the test tube (1 ), a cover plate (2), a tubular heating furnace (3), a hollow guide rod (5), a flying piece (7), a spring support (8) and a high-pressure loading device (9) are arranged from left to right along the OO' axis; the loaded object is placed inside the test tube (1); the movable insulation valve (4) is coaxially placed inside the tubular heating furnace (3); the movable insulation valve (4) is connected to the hollow guide rod (5) through a thread, and a limit pile (6) is sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow guide rod (5), and the limit pile (6) moves along the outer wall of the hollow guide rod (5); The test tube (1) is used to load a loaded object (10) and is cylindrical; the test tube (1) has an outer diameter of D1, an inner diameter of d1, and a length of L1; the test tube (1) is made of a polymer material, which satisfies the requirement that it will not deform during a heat-shock process and can provide heat insulation for the loaded object (10) in the vertical direction, thereby ensuring that the loaded object only receives transient heat load heat from the axial direction, i.e., the OO' direction; the test tube (1) and the cover plate (2) are coaxial, and the right end surface of the test tube (1) is in smooth contact with the left end surface of the cover plate (2); the diameter D of the loaded object (10) is less than D1, and the thickness H satisfies H≤L1; The cover plate (2) is used to control the opening and closing of the tubular heating furnace (3), that is, to control the start and end of transient heat load loading; the cover plate (2) is formed by combining two semicircular cover plates, which are divided into upper and lower cover plates. The cover plate (2) is installed on the vertical slide groove at the left end of the tubular heating furnace (3) to slide up and down; the upper cover plate (21) has a diameter D 21 =D1, the lower cover plate (22) and the upper cover plate (21) are mirror-symmetrical, the cover plate (2) is powered by an electro-hydraulic actuator, and the working state is quick opening and closing, that is, the upper cover plate (21) moves upward and the lower cover plate (22) moves downward to open, and the upper cover plate (21) moves downward and the lower cover plate (22) moves upward to close; the movement stroke is upward or downward along the vertical direction; the cover plate (2) is made of heat-insulating material, and is required to be heat-insulated during the operation of the tubular heating furnace (3), to ensure that the left surface temperature of the cover plate (2) does not exceed 200% of the room temperature, and to ensure that the thermal field in the tubular heating furnace (3) is stable; the cover plate (2) and the tubular heating furnace (3) are coaxially installed, and the right end surface of the cover plate (2) is in smooth contact with the left end surface of the tubular heating furnace (2), which does not affect the movement of the cover plate (2); The tubular heating furnace (3) is cylindrical and used to provide a heat load for a loaded object. The shape is cylindrical; the outer diameter D3=D1, the length is L3, the wall thickness is t3, and the inner diameter d3=d1; a circular through hole (31) is opened at the center of the right end face of the tubular heating furnace (3) for passing a hollow guide rod (5); a furnace opening (32) is opened at the center of the left end face for hot air output; a vertical slide groove (33) is welded on the left outer wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) for enabling the upper cover plate (21) and the lower cover plate (22) to slide only in the vertical direction; auxiliary pulleys (23) are installed on the left and right sides of the upper cover plate (21) and the lower cover plate (22) , the auxiliary pulley (23) is aligned with the vertical slide groove (33), and slides in the vertical slide groove (33) from top to bottom or from bottom to top, so that the upper cover plate (21) and the lower cover plate (22) do not deflect during the sliding process; the outer wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) is made of heat-insulating material, and the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) is arranged with a heating wire (33). When the furnace is used for a long time without stopping, the outer shell temperature is less than 45°C, providing a stable high-temperature thermal field; a movable insulation valve (4) is coaxially installed in the tubular heating furnace (3), and the side wall of the movable insulation valve (4) is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) and maintains good sealing; The movable heat-insulating valve (4) is annular and is used to convert the stable high-temperature heat field in the tubular heating furnace (3) into a transient heat flow field; the outer diameter D4 of the movable heat-insulating valve (4) = d3, the inner diameter is d4, and the thickness t4 < L3. The inner side wall of the right end of the movable heat-insulating valve (4) is machined with internal threads. The outer side wall of the movable heat-insulating valve (4) is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace 3 and can slide freely in the tubular heating furnace (3); the movable heat-insulating valve (4) is made of a material with high heat insulation and low thermal expansion, so as to ensure that under the condition of continuous heating of the tubular heating furnace (3), the thermal expansion effect of the movable heat-insulating valve (4) does not affect the free sliding of the movable heat-insulating valve (4) in the tubular heating furnace (3). The hollow guide rod (5) is used to transmit power to the movable insulation valve (4) and serves as a sliding track for the flying plate (7). It is composed of a left end cylinder (51) and a right end cylinder (52) coaxially connected; the outer diameter of the hollow guide rod (5) is D5 = d4, and the inner diameter is d 51 , requiring the hollow guide rod (5) to be able to slide freely in the axial direction in the circular through hole (31); the length of the left end cylinder (51) is L 51 The central outer wall of the left end cylinder (51) is tapped with a first external thread (53), and the median diameter of the first external thread (53) is Φ 53 The hollow guide rod (5) is connected to the limit pile (6) through a first external thread (53), and an internal thread (54) is tapped on the inner wall of the left end cylinder (51). The middle diameter of the internal thread (54) is Φ 52 The left end cylinder (51) is connected to the external thread of the spring support (8) through the internal thread (54), and the spring support (8) is coaxially installed in the left end cylinder (51). During the loading process, the hollow guide rod (5) and the spring support (8) move together; the left end cylinder (51) passes through the circular through hole (31) at the right end of the tubular heating furnace (3), and is connected to the right end inner wall of the movable insulation valve (4) through the second external thread (55), and the threaded connection part is coaxially installed in the movable insulation valve (4); the second external thread (55) is located at the left end of the left end cylinder (51); the right end cylinder (52) contacts with the high-pressure gas in the gun barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device (9), and is inserted in the gun barrel (91). The length of the right end cylinder (52) is L 55 , diameter D 52 Satisfy D 52 ＝ D5; the hollow guide rod (5) is made of metal material, so that during the action of high-pressure gas on the hollow guide rod (5), the hollow guide rod (5) does not undergo obvious plastic deformation, and the thermal expansion under the condition that the tubular heating furnace (3) is not stopped does not affect the free sliding of the hollow guide rod (5) in the circular through hole (31) of the tubular heating furnace (3); the length of the hollow guide rod (5) in the gun barrel (91) is 1 / 2 of the total length of the hollow guide rod (5), and the outer wall of the hollow guide rod (5) inserted in the gun barrel (91) is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the gun barrel (91); The limit pile (6) is used to control the free sliding distance of the movable insulation valve (4) inside the tubular heating furnace (3), that is, the limit pile (6) contacts the right end surface of the tubular heating furnace (3) after sliding a certain distance to the left along with the hollow guide rod (5), thereby preventing the hollow guide rod (5) and the movable insulation valve (4) from continuing to slide to the left, thereby quantitatively controlling the heat of the heat load; the limit pile (6) is annular and has a threaded through hole (61), and the left end cylinder (51) is nested in the threaded through hole (61) through a first external thread (53), so that the position of the limit pile 6 on the left end cylinder (51) can be adjusted; the outer diameter D6 of the limit pile (6) satisfies d 31 ≤D6, the limit pile (6) is made of metal material, which satisfies the requirement that no plastic deformation occurs during the contact between the limit pile (6) and the right end of the tubular heating furnace (3), and plays a limiting role on the movable insulation valve (4); The flyer plate (7) is used to apply an impact load to the object to be loaded. In order to simulate the characteristics of the shock wave load, the flyer plate (7) is cylindrical and is coaxially installed in the left-end cylinder (51), located on the left side of the sabot (8). It is composed of the left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate, the middle cylinder (72), and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate. The left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate, the middle cylinder (72), and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate are adhered from left to right in the order of the left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate, the middle cylinder (72), and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate with strong glue, and coaxiality is ensured during adhesion; the left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate is used to reduce the peak value of the shock wave, the middle cylinder (72) is used for deformation energy absorption, and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate provides kinetic energy, so that the shock wave applied to the target when the flyer plate 7 impacts the target is similar to the waveform of the explosion shock wave; the left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate, the middle cylinder (72), and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate have the same diameter. The left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate is made of a high-elasticity material, the middle cylinder (72) of the flyer plate is made of an easily deformable material, and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate is made of a high-strength material. The basic principle is that during the process of the flyer plate (7) impacting the object to be loaded, the left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate can return to its original state after deformation, the middle cylinder (72) is flattened, and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate does not undergo plastic deformation during the impact process; before testing, the side wall of the flyer plate (7) is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the left-end cylinder (51), and the right end face (73) of the flyer plate is in smooth contact with the left end face of the sabot (8); the sabot (8) obtains a certain speed under the action of the hollow guide rod (5), and pushes the flyer plate (7) to obtain a speed, so as to impact the object to be loaded. The sabot (8) is used to determine the position of the flyer plate (7) and push the flyer plate (7) to impact the object to be loaded (10) so as to determine the impact time and impact speed. The sabot (8) is cylindrical; external threads (81) are tapped on the outer side wall of the sabot (8). The sabot (8) is connected to the internal threads (54) of the left-end cylinder (51) in the hollow guide rod (5) through the external threads (81). The initial position of the flyer plate (7) is determined by thread positioning. The sabot (8) is made of a high-strength material to ensure that the sabot (8) does not undergo plastic deformation during the high-pressure gas loading process; during testing, the high-pressure gas in the gun barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device (9) pushes the hollow guide rod (5), pushes the sabot 8, and then gives the flyer plate (7) an initial velocity. The high-pressure loading device (9) is used to provide power for the loading device, push the hollow guide rod (5) to move, and then the movable insulation valve (4) slides to generate a thermal flow field, and at the same time the bullet support (8) causes the flying piece 7 to generate an initial velocity; the inner diameter of the gun barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device is d9 to D5, and the high-pressure loading device (9) is made of high-strength material, and the loading is required to be stable and leak-proof.

2. The transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading timing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The outer diameter D1 of the test tube (1) satisfies 350 mm ≤ D1 ≤ 500 mm; the wall thickness t1 satisfies 10 mm ≤ t1 ≤ 20 mm; the inner diameter d1 satisfies d1 = D1 - 2 × t1, and the length L1 satisfies 500 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 750 mm; when loading, the loaded object (10) is required to be cylindrical in shape, and the diameter D satisfies 0.1D1 ≤ D ≤ 0.5D1.

3. The transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading timing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The thickness t of the upper cover plate (21) of the cover plate (2) 21 Meet 50mm≤t 21 ≤80mm; thickness t of the lower cover plate (22) 22 =t 21 The speed of the cover plate (2) opening and closing up and down is 1 m / s, and the displacement of the upper cover plate (21) and the lower cover plate (22) during the opening and closing process is h=0.5×D1; the electro-hydraulic actuator is the SHL-DO-0080E0 electro-hydraulic actuator manufactured by Helfa Fluid Technology Co., Ltd.

4. The transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading timing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The length L3 of the tubular heating furnace (3) satisfies 1200 mm ≤ L3 ≤ 1500 mm; the wall thickness t3 satisfies 35 mm ≤ t3 ≤ 50 mm; the right end surface thickness t 31 = t3, diameter d of circular through hole (31) 31 Satisfy 10mm≤d 31 ≤20mm; wall thickness of left end of tubular heating furnace (3) t 32 = t3, furnace opening (32) diameter d 32 Satisfy 32 =d1.

5. The transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading timing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The inner diameter d4 of the movable thermal insulation valve (4) satisfies 20 mm ≤ d4 ≤ 50 mm, the thickness t4 satisfies 20 mm ≤ t4 ≤ 50 mm, and the inner thread length t 41 Meet 5mm≤t 41 ≤8mm, the middle diameter of the internal thread Φ4 satisfies Φ4=d4.

6. The transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading timing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The wall thickness t of the left end cylinder (51) of the hollow guide rod (5) is 51 Satisfy t 51 =0.1×D5, inner diameter d 51 Satisfy 51 =D5-2×t 51 , length L 51 Meet 450mm≤L 51 ≤500mm; the distance L between the right end of the first external thread (53) tapped on the outer side wall of the left end cylinder (51) and the right end surface of the left end cylinder (51) 53 Meet L 53 =0.2×L 51 , median diameter Φ 53 Satisfy Φ 53 =D5, thread length L 52 Meet L 52 =0.5×L 51 The inner thread (54) tapped on the inner wall of the left end cylinder (51) has a median diameter of Φ 52 Satisfy Φ 52 =0.9×d 51 , internal thread (54) length L 54 =L 51 / 4; the middle diameter of the second external thread (55) Φ 55 Satisfy Φ 55 =D5, length L 56 Meet L 56 = t4; right end cylinder (52) length L 55 Meet 40mm≤L 55 ≤50mm.

7. The transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading timing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The outer diameter D6 of the limit pile (6) satisfies d 31 <≤D6≤150mm, thickness t6 satisfies 10mm≤t6≤20mm, inner mean diameter Φ6 of threaded through hole (61) satisfies Φ6=mean diameter Φ of first external thread (53) 53 The diameter D7 of the flying piece (7) satisfies D7=d 51 The lengths of the left end cylinder (71), the middle cylinder (72) and the right end cylinder (73) of the flying piece are L respectively. 71 , L 72 and L 73 , satisfying 10mm≤L 71 ≤15mm、2mm≤L 72 ≤5mm and 5mm≤L 73 ≤10mm; the outer diameter D8 of the spring support (8) = Φ 52 , the length L8 satisfies 20mm≤L8≤30mm; the middle diameter Φ8 of the external thread (81) of the spring support (8) satisfies Φ8=Φ 52 .

8. The transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading timing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The length L9 of the gun barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device satisfies 850mm≤L9≤1000mm, and the air pump of the high-pressure loading device is BAEY-33 / 24G produced by Shanghai Gesu Industrial Co., Ltd.

9. The transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading timing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The polymer material used in the test tube (1) satisfies the following requirements: yield strength σ1≥100 MPa, density ρ1≥0.8 g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ1≤0.5W / m·K; the test tube (1) and the cover plate (2) remain coaxial, the right end surface of the test tube (1) and the left end surface of the cover plate (2) are in smooth contact, and do not affect the movement of the cover plate (2); the heat-insulating material used in the cover plate (2) meets the following requirements: compressive strength σ2≥100MPa, density ρ2≥0.8g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ2≤0.6W / m·K; the thermal insulation material used for the outer wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) satisfies the compressive strength σ3≥100MPa and the density ρ3≥1g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ3≤0.8W / m·K, maximum heating temperature T of the heating wire (33) arranged on the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) max ≥1200℃; the movable thermal insulation valve (4) adopts high thermal insulation and low thermal expansion materials that meet the following requirements: compressive strength σ4 ≥100MPa, density ρ4 ≥1g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ4≤0.6W / m·K, thermal expansion coefficient α4≤1.5×10 -5 / K; The metal material used for the hollow guide rod (5) is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ5 ≥ 200 MPa, density ρ5 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ5≤50W / m·K, thermal expansion coefficient α6≤1.5×10 -5 / K; The metal material used for the limit pile (6) is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ6 ≥ 200 MPa, density ρ6 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 The high elastic material used in the left end cylinder (71) of the flying piece satisfies the following requirements: yield strength σ 71 ≥1MPa, density ρ 71 ≥0.5g / cm 3 The flyer intermediate cylinder (72) is made of a deformable material that satisfies the yield strength σ 72 ≥100MPa, density ρ 72 ≥1g / cm 3 The right cylinder (73) of the flyer is made of high-strength material to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ 73 ≥200MPa, density ρ 73 ≥1g / cm 3 The support (8) is made of high-strength material satisfying: σ8≥200MPa, density ρ8≥1g / cm 3 ; The high-strength material used in the high-pressure loading device (9) satisfies: σ9≥200MPa, density ρ9≥5g / cm 3 .

10. A method for performing transient thermal-shock loading using the transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device with controllable loading timing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The following steps are involved: The first step is preparation before loading: 1.1 Check the connection and contact between the various parts of the loading device, and observe whether there is any gap between the test tube (1), the cover plate (2) and the tubular heating furnace (3). If there is no gap, it is judged that the test tube (1), the cover plate (2) and the tubular heating furnace (3) are in close and smooth contact. By pushing the hollow guide rod (5) to the left to see if there is any obstruction, it is judged whether the movable insulation valve (4) can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace (3), and ensure that the movable insulation valve (4) is inside the tubular heating furnace (3). can slide freely; judging whether the hollow guide rod (5) can slide freely in the gun barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device (9) by pushing the hollow guide rod (5) to the right to see whether it is blocked, ensuring that the hollow guide rod (5) can slide freely in the gun barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device (9); checking and adjusting by a level meter to ensure that the test tube (1), the cover plate (2), the tubular heating furnace (3), the movable insulation valve (4), the hollow guide rod (5), and the gun barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device (9) are coaxially placed; 1.2 manually adjusting the position of the movable insulation valve (4) inside the tubular heating furnace (3) to ensure that the movable insulation valve (4) is in close contact with the inner wall of the right end of the tubular heating furnace (3); 1.3 Measure and record the laboratory temperature T0 and the mass m of the flying piece (7); 1.4 The object to be loaded is coaxially placed inside the test tube (1), and the horizontal distance x between the right end surface of the object to be loaded and the left end surface of the tubular heating furnace (3) is measured; 1.5 The air pump of the high-pressure loading device (9) and the electro-hydraulic actuator of the cover plate (2) are debugged respectively to ensure the working synchronization of the high-pressure loading device (9) and the cover plate (2), and the pressure p of the air pump of the high-pressure loading device (9) is recorded, and p is required to be not less than 0.1 MPa; 1.6 Establish a functional relationship between the air pump pressure p of the high pressure loading device (9) and the velocity v1 of the flying sheet (7) and the thermal flow field velocity v2, the method is: 1.6.1 Measure and record the air pump pressure p of the high pressure loading device (9); 1.6.2 Use the high-pressure air in the air pump of the high-pressure loading device (9) to load the hollow guide rod (5), and follow the safety operation regulations of the high-pressure loading device during operation; 1.6.3 Use a high-speed camera to measure the speed v1 of the flying piece (7), and use an infrared camera to measure the speed v2 of the thermal flow field; 1.6.4 Carry out loading experiments with different air pump pressures p, draw scatter plots of air pump pressure p, flying sheet velocity v1 and thermal flow field velocity v2 respectively, obtain the relationship curve f1 between air pump pressure p and flying sheet velocity v1 by fitting air pump pressure p and flying sheet velocity v1, and obtain the relationship curve f2 between air pump pressure p and thermal flow field velocity v2 by fitting air pump pressure p and thermal flow field velocity v2; 1.7 Determine the shock wave impulse I, the shock wave and thermal flow field loading interval Δt and the required temperature T1 according to the test requirements; The second step is to perform a combined thermal flow field and shock wave loading on the loaded target, the method is: 2.1 The inflation pressure in the air pump is determined by the shock wave impulse I applied to the loaded object and the mass m of the flying piece (7), the method being: determining the flying piece velocity v1 according to the shock wave impulse I=the mass m of the flying piece (7)×the flying piece (7) velocity v1; determining the inflation pressure p in the air pump according to the relationship curve f1 between the air pump pressure p and the flying piece 7 velocity v1; 2.2 According to the relationship curve f2, the thermal flow field velocity v2 under the air pump pressure p is obtained. The thermal flow field displacement is x, and the time t when the thermal flow field reaches the loaded object is calculated. r , t r =x / v2; 2.3 Calculate the time t when the flying piece (7) reaches the loaded object f , t f =t r +Δt, calculate the displacement x of the flying piece 7 f =t f v1, determine the horizontal distance from the left end of the flying piece (7) to the left end of the hollow guide rod (5) as x i =x f -L3-x+t 31 +t4; 2.4 Place the flying piece (7), heat the tubular heating furnace (3) to the required temperature T1, and fill the air pump of the high-pressure loading device (9) with gas, the gas pressure is p, and after the filling is completed, operate the high-pressure loading device in accordance with the safety operation regulations of the high-pressure loading device to load the hollow guide rod (5); The third step is to measure and record the transient heat-shock field characteristics by: 3.1 Before measurement, the movable insulation valve (3) is placed close to the inner wall of the right end of the tubular heating furnace (3), and the high-pressure loading device (9) releases high-pressure gas to start loading; 3.2 Using a high-speed camera to measure the actual speed v of the flying piece 7 s1 , combined with the flying piece mass m, the actual shock wave impulse I is obtained s =v s1 m; 3.3 Using infrared camera to measure the actual flow velocity v of thermal flow field s2 and duration t sr , combined with the inner diameter d3 of the tubular heating furnace, the specific heat capacity c and the density ρ of the air, the thermal dose q of the thermal flow field is obtained as q = c·ρ·π·d3 2 ·v s2 ·t sr / 4.

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