Transient thermal-mechanical shock loading device and loading method with controllable loading timing

Abstract

This invention discloses a transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device and method with controllable loading timing, aiming to solve the problem of quantitative load control in existing loading methods. The device consists of a test tube, a cover plate, a tubular furnace, a movable heat-insulating valve, a hollow guide rod, a limiting stake, a flyer, a projectile support, and a light gas cannon. The movable heat-insulating valve is coaxially placed inside the tubular furnace; the limiting stake moves along the hollow guide rod; the test tube, cover plate, and tubular furnace are coaxial. The loading method uses the tubular furnace and the light gas cannon as loading elements. High-pressure air is released using the light gas cannon. When the hollow guide rod moves, it opens the cover plate of the tubular furnace. The movable heat-insulating valve pushes a high-temperature flow field within the tubular furnace to simulate transient heat flow acting on the object being loaded. The flyer inside the hollow guide rod moves together with the hollow guide rod under high-pressure gas, and the flyer impacts the object being loaded, simulating shock wave loading. This invention achieves combined and controllable loading of the object by shock wave and heat flow field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of dynamic mechanical property testing of materials, and relates to a transient thermal-shock generation and quantitative loading device with controllable loading sequence. More specifically, it relates to a transient thermal-shock loading device and loading method that uses a tubular heating furnace and a fly weight loading device to generate a transient controllable loading sequence. Background Art

[0002] Thermobaric explosives are a type of explosive that utilizes thermal effects and shock wave overpressure to cause damage. Their main components include high-energy explosive particles, liquid sensitizers, high-calorific-value metal powders, and energetic polymer materials. Thermobaric weapons effectively strike targets using the shock wave overpressure and sustained high-temperature fireball generated by the explosion. Thermobaric weapons possess thermal radiation energy several times, even tens of times, higher than conventional explosives, and their fireball volume is much larger than that of conventional explosives. Furthermore, the duration of the fireball is relatively longer compared to that of conventional explosive fireballs. Therefore, research on the combined loading of thermal effects and shock waves in thermobaric weapons has significant engineering value.

[0003] The transient thermal flux field of an explosion is characterized by its short duration, high peak temperature, and high heat flux velocity, as are the characteristics of shock waves. Current research on the damage performance of thermobaric explosion fields mainly focuses on the thermal flux field and shock wave parameters, lacking research on the combined loading damage effect of thermobaric explosive thermal flux field and shock wave. Further research requires achieving combined loading of thermal flux field and shock wave. Currently, the main methods for studying the combined loading damage effect of thermal flux field and shock wave in an explosion are live-fire experiments and numerical simulations. Live-fire experiments involve conducting a live-fire experiment with a certain amount of explosive to obtain the transient thermal flux field. This method is the most comprehensive way to reflect the characteristics of the transient thermal flux field and shock wave. However, due to the high cost, complex setup, cumbersome testing procedures, difficult operation, poor safety, and difficulty in quantitatively controlling the load, live-fire experiments are not suitable as a commonly used research method for studying the transient thermal flux field of an explosion. Numerical simulation, through the establishment of numerical models and the use of high-performance computers, simulates the thermal flow field and shock wave loading process of an explosion, thereby obtaining the response characteristics of the loaded object under transient thermal flow field and shock wave loading. However, due to the highly nonlinear characteristics of the explosion field and the complex material properties involved in the propagation of the thermal flow field and shock wave, the reliability of numerical simulation in studying the damage effect of combined thermal flow field and shock wave loading is not as high as that of experimental live explosion methods. Therefore, conducting combined thermal flow field and shock wave loading experiments in the laboratory is particularly necessary.

[0004] In the initial stage of an explosion, the shock wave velocity is roughly the same as the fireball velocity. As the explosion progresses, the shock wave velocity gradually exceeds that of the fireball, causing the loading interval and duration of the shock wave and thermal flow field on the object to gradually change as the distance from the explosion center increases. To simulate the thermal flow field and shock wave loading at different locations in a thermobaric explosive explosion, it is necessary to achieve controllability of the loading sequence, interval, and duration of the thermal flow field and shock wave. Currently, shock wave loading in laboratories typically employs shock tube systems, Hopkinson bar systems, and flyer impact loading systems, while thermal flow field loading methods usually involve heating furnaces and combustible gas combustion loading. However, a coupled combined loading system for shock waves and thermal flow fields is lacking.

[0005] How to achieve shock wave loading, control the loading sequence and interval of shock wave and heat flow field, and achieve quantitative loading and loading duration of shock wave and heat flow field are technical issues of great concern to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to provide a transient thermo-mechanical shock loading device and method with controllable loading timing. This loading device, based on a high-pressure loading device and a tubular furnace, simulates the transient field of an explosion, addressing the problems of high cost, complex setup, cumbersome testing procedures, difficult operation, poor safety, and difficulty in quantitatively controlling the load in existing explosion tests. This loading device has a simple structure, low cost, and reusable core components. The transient field can be quantitatively controlled in terms of loading timing, interval time, and loading duration, providing different loading loads for testing the mechanical response characteristics of targets under combined thermo-shock loading. The method of applying thermo-shock loading to a target using this transient thermo-mechanical shock loading device involves using a thermal insulated valve to push hot air inside the tubular furnace to apply thermo-shock loading to the target, while simultaneously using a high-pressure loading device to launch flying plates to apply mechanical shock loading to the target.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: Combining the characteristics of the transient field of an explosion, the loading device of this invention uses a tubular heating furnace and a high-pressure loading device as loading elements. The high-pressure loading device releases high-pressure air to provide power to the hollow guide rod. An electro-hydraulic actuator initiates the movement of the hollow guide rod while simultaneously opening the cover of the tubular furnace. The other end of the hollow guide rod is connected to a movable heat-insulating valve, which slides within the tubular furnace, driving the high-temperature flow field in the furnace to simulate the transient heat flow acting on the object being loaded. A flyer plate is placed inside the hollow guide rod. The flyer plate and the hollow guide rod move together under high-pressure gas. When the hollow guide rod stops under the action of the limiting stake, the flyer plate continues to move, impacting the object being loaded to simulate shock wave loading. By adjusting the air pressure of the high-pressure loading device, the relative position of the flyer plate and the hollow guide rod, the horizontal distance between the limiting stake and the movable heat-insulating valve, and the loading temperature of the tubular furnace, the heat flow and impact intensity when the transient thermal-impact load acts on the object being loaded can be changed accordingly, more realistically simulating the characteristics of the transient field of an explosion.

[0008] The loading device of this invention comprises a test tube, a cover plate, a tubular heating furnace, a movable heat insulation valve, a hollow guide rod, a limiting stake, a flyer, a spring support, and a high-pressure loading device arranged coaxially from left to right; the object to be loaded is placed inside the test tube; the movable heat insulation valve is coaxially placed inside the tubular heating furnace; the movable heat insulation valve is threadedly connected to the hollow guide rod, and the hollow guide rod is threadedly connected to the limiting stake, which can move along the hollow guide rod; the test tube, the cover plate, and the tubular heating furnace are all coaxially placed.

[0009] The test tube, used to load the object being tested, is cylindrical. The outer diameter D1 satisfies 350mm ≤ D1 ≤ 500mm; the wall thickness t1 satisfies 10mm ≤ t1 ≤ 20mm; the inner diameter d1 satisfies d1 = D1 - 2 × t1; and the length L1 satisfies 500mm ≤ L1 ≤ 750mm. The test tube is made of a high-polymer material with good thermal insulation properties, requiring the material to meet the following conditions: yield strength σ1 ≥ 100MPa, density ρ1 ≥ 0.8g / cm³. 3 The thermal conductivity λ1 ≤ 0.5 W / m·K. The basic principle is that no significant deformation occurs during the thermal shock process. It has good thermal insulation performance and light transmittance, and can achieve circumferential thermal insulation of the loaded object, ensuring that the loaded object only receives transient thermal load heat.

[0010] The cover plate is used for opening and closing the tubular furnace, i.e., controlling the start and end of transient thermal load application. It is formed by combining two semi-circular cover plates, consisting of upper and lower cover plates. The upper cover plate has a diameter D. 21 Satisfy D 21 =D1, thickness t 21 Satisfying 50mm≤t 21 ≤80mm; lower cover plate diameter D 22 Satisfy D 22 =D 21 Thickness t 22 Satisfy t 22 =t 21 The cover is powered by an air pump and operates by rapid up-and-down opening and closing. Its movement is vertical, moving upwards (or downwards) with a displacement h = 0.5 × D1. The cover is made of a highly insulating material, requiring the following specifications: compressive strength σ2 ≥ 100 MPa, density ρ2 ≥ 0.8 g / cm³. 3 The thermal conductivity λ2 ≤ 0.6 W / m·K. The basic principle is to achieve good heat insulation during the operation of the tubular furnace, ensure that the temperature of the left side surface of the cover plate does not exceed 200% of the room temperature, and ensure the stability of the thermal field inside the tubular furnace.

[0011] The tubular heating furnace is used to provide a thermal load for transient thermal-shock loading and is cylindrical in shape. The outer diameter D3 satisfies D3 = D1, the length L3 satisfies 1200 mm ≤ L3 ≤ 1500 mm; the wall thickness t3 satisfies 35 mm ≤ t3 ≤ 50 mm, and the inner diameter d3 satisfies d3 = d1. A circular through-hole is opened at the concentric part at the right end of the tubular heating furnace, and the wall thickness t at the right end 31 satisfies t 31 = t3, and the diameter d of the circular through-hole 31 satisfies 10 mm ≤ d 31 ≤ 20 mm; a circular furnace door is opened at the concentric part at the left end, and the wall thickness t at the left end 32 satisfies t 32 = t3, the furnace door is cylindrical, and the diameter d 32 satisfies d 32 = d1; a vertical chute is welded to the outer wall on the left side of the tubular heating furnace to restrict the sliding direction of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate. Auxiliary pulleys are installed on both the left and right sides of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate. The auxiliary pulleys are aligned with the vertical chute and slide up and down or down and up in the vertical chute 33, so that the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate do not deflect during the sliding process. The outer wall of the tubular heating furnace is made of a highly heat-insulating material, and it is preferable to select an existing finished heating furnace on the market. The material and power of the tubular heating furnace need to satisfy: the compressive strength σ3 ≥ 100 MPa, the density ρ3 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 , the thermal conductivity λ3 ≤ 0.8 W / m·K. Heating wires are arranged on the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace, and the maximum heating temperature T max satisfies T max ≥ 1200 °C, and it is required that the outer shell temperature is less than 45 °C when used continuously for a long time without stopping the furnace at the basic far side, and it can provide a stable high-temperature heat source.

[0012] The movable heat-insulating valve is used to convert the stable thermal field in the tubular heating furnace into a transient heat flow field and is cylindrical in shape. The diameter D4 satisfies D4 = d3, the inner diameter d4 satisfies 20 mm ≤ d4 ≤ 50 mm, and the thickness t4 < L3, preferably satisfying 20 mm ≤ t4 ≤ 50 mm. The right end of the inner diameter of the movable heat-insulating valve is machined with an internal thread with a length t 41 satisfying 5 mm ≤ t 41 ≤ 8 mm, and the pitch diameter Φ4 of the internal thread satisfies Φ4 = d4. The movable heat-insulating valve is in approximate smooth contact with the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace and can slide freely in the tubular heating furnace. The movable heat-insulating valve is made of a highly heat-insulating and low thermal expansion material, and the material is required to satisfy: the compressive strength σ4 ≥ 100 MPa, the density ρ4 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 , the thermal conductivity λ4 ≤ 0.6 W / m·K, and the thermal expansion coefficient α4 ≤ 1.5 × 10 -5 / K. The basic principle is that under the condition of continuous heating of the tubular heating furnace, the thermal expansion effect of the movable heat-insulating valve does not affect the free sliding of the movable heat-insulating valve in the tubular heating furnace.

[0013] The hollow guide rod is used to transmit power to the movable thermal insulation valve and serves as a sliding track for the flyer. It consists of a left-end cylinder and a right-end cylinder coaxially connected. The outer diameter of the hollow guide rod is D5 = d4, requiring that the hollow guide rod can slide freely axially within the circular through hole; the wall thickness t of the left-end cylinder... 51 Satisfy t 51 =0.1×D5, inner diameter d 51 Satisfy d 51 =D5-2×t 51 Length L 51 Satisfying 450mm≤L 51 ≤500mm. A first external thread is tapped on the outer wall of the center of the left-end cylinder. The hollow guide rod is connected to the limiting post through the first external thread. The distance L between the right end of the first external thread and the right end face of the left-end cylinder is... 53 Satisfy L 53 =0.2×L 51 Mean diameter Φ 53 Satisfy Φ 53 =D5, first external thread length L 52 Satisfy L 52 =0.5×L 51 The inner wall of the left-end cylinder is tapped with internal threads. The left-end cylinder is connected to the external threads of the sabot through the internal threads. The sabot is coaxially installed inside the left-end cylinder. During loading, the hollow guide rod and the sabot move together. The mean diameter of the internal thread is Φ. 52 Satisfy Φ 52 =0.9×d 51 Internal thread length L 54 Satisfy L 54 =L 51 / 4. The left-end cylinder passes through the circular through-hole at the right end of the tubular heating furnace and is connected to the inner wall of the right end of the movable heat insulation valve via a second external thread. The threaded connection is coaxially installed inside the movable heat insulation valve; the second external thread is located at the left end of the left-end cylinder, with a mean diameter Φ 55 Satisfy Φ 55 =D5, length L 56 Satisfy L 56 =t4.

[0014] The right-end cylinder contacts the high-pressure gas inside the barrel of the high-pressure loading device and is inserted into the barrel. The length of the right-end cylinder is L. 55 Satisfying 40mm≤L 55 ≤50mm, diameter D 52 Satisfy D 52 ＝ D5.

[0015] The hollow guide rod is made of high-strength metal material, which is required to meet the following conditions: yield strength σ5 ≥ 200 MPa, density ρ5 ≥ 1 g / cm³. 3Thermal conductivity λ5≤50W / m·K, coefficient of thermal expansion α6≤1.5×10 -5 The basic principle is that during the interaction between the high-pressure gas and the hollow guide rod, the hollow guide rod does not undergo significant plastic deformation, and the thermal expansion under continuous heating conditions in the tubular heater does not affect the free sliding of the hollow guide rod within the circular through-hole of the tubular heater. The length of the hollow guide rod inside the gun barrel is 1 / 2 of its total length, and the outer wall of the hollow guide rod inserted into the gun barrel is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the gun barrel.

[0016] The limiting post is used to control the free sliding distance of the movable heat insulation valve inside the tubular heating furnace. Specifically, after sliding a certain distance with the hollow guide rod, the limiting post contacts the right end of the tubular heating furnace, thus preventing the hollow guide rod and the movable heat insulation valve from sliding further, thereby quantitatively controlling the heat load. The limiting post has a concentric threaded through hole, which connects to the hollow guide rod via a thread, allowing for position adjustment of the limiting post on the hollow guide rod. The outer diameter D6 satisfies 100mm ≤ D6 ≤ 150mm, the thickness t6 satisfies 10mm ≤ t6 ≤ 20mm, and the inner diameter Φ6 of the threaded hole satisfies Φ6 = Φ 53 The thread type and thread size are the same as those of the hollow guide rod. The limit post is made of high-strength metal material, which is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ6 ≥ 200MPa, density ρ6 ≥ 1g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is that no significant plastic deformation occurs during the contact between the limiting pile and the right end of the tubular heating furnace, thus limiting the movable heat insulation valve.

[0017] The flyer plate is used to apply impact loads to the object being loaded. To simulate the characteristics of shock wave loads, the flyer plate consists of three cylindrical sections. The left cylinder reduces the peak value of the shock wave, the middle cylinder absorbs energy through deformation, and the right cylinder provides kinetic energy. All three cylindrical sections of the flyer plate have the same diameter, and the diameter D7 of the flyer plate satisfies D7 = 0.8 × d. 51 The lengths of the three cylindrical segments of the flyer plate, from left to right, are L. 71 、L 72 and L 73 Each satisfies 10mm≤L 71 ≤15mm, 2mm≤L 72 ≤5mm and 5mm≤L 73 ≤10mm. The cylindrical part at the left end of the flyer is made of a highly elastic material, requiring a yield strength σ. 71 ≥1MPa, density ρ 71 ≥0.5g / cm 3 The central cylinder of the flyer plate is made of a easily deformable material, requiring a yield strength σ. 72 ≥100MPa, density ρ 72 ≥1g / cm 3 The central cylinder of the flyer plate is made of high-strength material, requiring a yield strength σ. 73≥200MPa, density ρ 73 ≥1g / cm 3 The basic principle is that during the impact of the flying disc on the loaded object, the left cylinder can return to its original shape after deformation, the middle cylinder is flattened, and the right cylinder does not undergo significant plastic deformation during the impact.

[0018] The sabot is used to determine the position of the flying fragments, push the flying fragments to impact the loaded object, thereby determining the impact moment and impact velocity. The sabot is cylindrical. The outer diameter D8 of the sabot satisfies D8 = Φ 52 The length L8 satisfies 20mm≤L8≤30mm. The sabot is connected to the hollow guide rod via a thread. The mean diameter Φ8 of the sabot's external thread satisfies Φ8=Φ 52 The sabot is made of high-strength material, requiring the material to meet the following conditions: σ8 ≥ 200 MPa, density ρ8 ≥ 1 g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is that the sabot should not undergo significant plastic deformation during high-pressure gas loading.

[0019] The high-pressure loading device provides power to the loading mechanism, driving the hollow guide rod to move, which in turn causes the movable thermal insulation valve to slide, generating a thermal flow field and simultaneously inducing initial velocity in the flyer. The barrel inner diameter d9 of the high-pressure loading device satisfies d9=D5, and the barrel length L9 satisfies 850mm≤L9≤1000mm. The high-pressure loading device is made of high-strength material, requiring the material to meet the following conditions: σ9≥200MPa, density ρ9≥5g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is to ensure stable loading and prevent air leakage.

[0020] The overall installation sequence of the device is as follows: First, install the sabot and flyguard at specific positions inside the hollow guide rod; then connect and assemble the movable heat insulation valve with the hollow guide rod; place the assembled movable heat insulation valve and hollow guide rod coaxially inside the tubular heating furnace; install the limiting stake at a specific position on the air guide rod; place the tubular heating furnace, movable heat insulation valve, and limiting stake coaxially with the barrel of the high-pressure loading device; install the test tube and cover plate coaxially with the tubular heating furnace, ensuring a tight and smooth connection between the three; finally, place the target to be tested inside the outer shell.

[0021] The method for transient thermal-shock loading using the loading device of the present invention is as follows:

[0022] Step 1, Preparations before loading:

[0023] 1.1 Inspect the connections and contact between the components of the loading device. Observe whether there are gaps between the test tube, cover plate, and tubular heating furnace. If there are no gaps, it is determined that the test tube, cover plate, and tubular heating furnace are in tight and smooth contact. Determine whether the movable heat insulation valve can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace by pushing the hollow guide rod to the left and whether it is obstructed. Ensure that the movable heat insulation valve can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace. Determine whether the hollow guide rod can slide freely inside the high-pressure loading device barrel by pushing the hollow guide rod to the right and whether it is obstructed. Ensure that the hollow guide rod can slide freely inside the high-pressure loading device barrel. Use a level to check and adjust to ensure that the test tube, cover plate, tubular heating furnace, movable heat insulation valve, hollow guide rod, and high-pressure loading device barrel are placed coaxially.

[0024] 1.2 By manually adjusting the position of the movable heat insulation valve inside the tubular furnace, ensure that the movable heat insulation valve is in close contact with the inner wall of the right end of the tubular furnace.

[0025] 1.3 Measure and record the laboratory temperature T0 and the mass m of the flyer 7.

[0026] 1.4 The object to be loaded is placed coaxially inside the test tube, and the horizontal distance x between the right end face of the object to be loaded and the left end face of the tubular furnace is measured.

[0027] 1.5 The air pump and the electro-hydraulic actuator of the high-pressure loading device and the cover plate were debugged respectively to ensure the synchronization of the high-pressure loading device and the cover plate. The air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device (not less than 0.1MPa) was recorded.

[0028] 1.6 Establish the functional relationship between the air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device and the velocity v1 of the flyer and the thermal flow field velocity v2. The method is as follows:

[0029] 1.6.1 Measure and record the air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device.

[0030] 1.6.2 The hollow guide rod is loaded using the high-pressure air pump in the high-pressure loading device. The operation shall be carried out in accordance with the safety operation regulations of the high-pressure loading device.

[0031] 1.6.3 The speed v1 of the flying plate is measured using a high-speed camera, and the velocity v2 of the thermal flow field is measured using an infrared camera.

[0032] 1.6.4 Conduct loading experiments with different air pump pressures p, and plot scatter plots of air pump pressure p versus vane velocity v1 and heat flow field velocity v2 respectively. By fitting the air pump pressure p versus vane velocity v1, obtain the relationship curve f1 between air pump pressure p and vane velocity v1. By fitting the air pump pressure p versus heat flow field velocity v2, obtain the relationship curve f2 between air pump pressure p and heat flow field velocity v2.

[0033] 1.7 Determine the shock wave impulse I, the shock wave and thermal flow field loading interval Δt, and the required temperature T1 according to the test requirements.

[0034] The second step involves applying a combined thermal flux field and shock wave to the target object. The method is as follows:

[0035] 2.1 The air pressure in the air pump is determined by the shock wave impulse I applied to the loaded object and the mass m of the flyer plate. The method is as follows: the flyer plate velocity v1 is determined according to the shock wave impulse I = flyer plate mass m × flyer plate velocity v1; the air pressure p in the air pump is determined according to the relationship curve f1 between the air pump pressure p and the flyer plate velocity v1.

[0036] 2.2 Based on the relationship curve f2, obtain the thermal flow velocity v2 under the air pump pressure p, and the thermal flow field displacement x. Calculate the time t for the thermal flow field to reach the loaded object. r , t r =x / v2.

[0037] 2.3 Calculate the time t for the flying piece to reach the loaded object. f , t f =t r +Δt, calculate the displacement x of the flying plate. f =t f v1, determine the horizontal distance x from the left end of the flyer plate 7 to the left end of the hollow guide rod. i =x f -L3-x+t 31 +t4.

[0038] 2.4 Place the flyer plate, heat the tubular heating furnace to the required temperature T1, and fill the air pump of the high-pressure loading device with gas pressure p. After filling, operate the high-pressure loading device to load the hollow guide rod in accordance with the safety operation regulations of the high-pressure loading device.

[0039] The third step is to measure and record the transient thermal-shock field characteristics. The method is as follows:

[0040] 3.1 Before measurement, after attaching the movable heat insulation valve tightly to the inner wall of the right end of the tubular heating furnace, the high-pressure loading device releases high-pressure gas to start loading.

[0041] 3.2 Measure the actual velocity v of the flying plate using a high-speed camera s1 Combining the mass m of the flyer plate, the actual shock wave impulse I is obtained. s =v s1 ·m.

[0042] 3.3 Measuring the actual flow velocity v in the thermal flow field using an infrared camera s2 and duration t srCombining the inner diameter d3 of the tubular furnace, the specific heat capacity c of air, and the density ρ, the heat flux q of the heat flow field is obtained as c·ρ·π·d3. 2 ·v s2 ·t sr / 4.

[0043] The following technical effects can be achieved by using this invention:

[0044] 1. This invention addresses the problems of high cost, complex setup, cumbersome testing procedures, difficult operation, poor safety, and difficulty in quantitatively controlling the load in existing explosion tests. It utilizes a tubular heating furnace to provide a stable high-temperature heat flow field. A high-pressure loading device drives a heat insulation valve connected to a hollow guide rod. The heat insulation valve drives the hot air inside the heating furnace to form a heat flow field for loading. A flyer is placed in the hollow guide rod. Under the loading of the high-pressure loading device, the flyer and the hollow guide rod move simultaneously. After a certain distance, the hollow guide rod stops moving due to the restriction of the heating furnace, while the flyer continues to move until it impacts the object being loaded, thus achieving the combined loading of the object by the shock wave (flyer impact) and the heat flow field.

[0045] 2. This invention can quantitatively adjust the load and duration of the thermal flow field and shock wave by filling with gas at different pressures according to different test requirements. By adjusting the position of the flyer in the hollow guide rod, the loading sequence and loading interval of the shock wave and thermal flow field on the loaded object can be precisely and quantitatively controlled, thereby achieving controllable loading of the shock wave and thermal flow field.

[0046] 3. For the thermo-mechanical shock combined loading method in a high temperature and high pressure field, the device of the present invention uses a flyer plate and a tubular heating furnace to achieve controllable loading sequence of thermal load-shock wave combined loading. By adjusting the speed of the flyer plate in step 2.3, different transient heat fluxes and shock wave loading sequences can be achieved. At the same time, the actual transient heat flux and shock wave impulse received by the target under test can be calculated in the third step. The entire device has a simple structure, is easy to operate, can be reused, has high accuracy, and low experimental cost. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the loading device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is an axial sectional view of the loading device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the loading device and the object being loaded according to the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cover plate and the tubular heating furnace of the present invention.

[0051] The numbers in the diagram are defined as follows: 1. Test tube, 2. Cover plate, 3. Tube furnace, 4. Movable heat insulation valve, 5. Hollow guide rod, 6. Limiting stake, 7. Flying piece, 8. Spring support, 9. High-pressure loading device, 10. Object being loaded. Detailed Implementation

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, the loading device of the present invention consists of a test tube 1, a cover plate 2, a tubular heating furnace 3, a movable heat insulation valve 4, a hollow guide rod 5, a limiting post 6, a flyer 7, a spring support 8, and a high-pressure loading device 9. The end closer to the test tube 1 is designated as the left end of the invention, and the end further away from the test tube 1 is designated as the right end. The test tube 1, cover plate 2, tubular heating furnace 3, movable heat insulation valve 4, hollow guide rod 5, limiting post 6, flyer 7, spring support 8, and high-pressure loading device 9 are arranged coaxially from left to right (i.e., OO' axis). The object to be loaded is placed inside the test tube 1. The movable heat insulation valve 4 is coaxially placed inside the tubular heating furnace 3. The movable heat insulation valve 4 is threadedly connected to the hollow guide rod 5, and the outer wall of the hollow guide rod 5 is fitted with a limiting post 6, which can move along the outer wall of the hollow guide rod 5.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, test tube 1 is used to load the object being loaded (the object 10 is cylindrical in shape, with a diameter D satisfying 0.1D1≤D≤0.5D1 and a thickness H satisfying H≤L1), and is cylindrical in shape. The outer diameter D1 of test tube 1 satisfies 350mm≤D1≤500mm; the wall thickness t1 satisfies 10mm≤t1≤20mm; the inner diameter d1 satisfies d1=D1-2×t1; and the length L1 satisfies 500mm≤L1≤750mm. Test tube 1 is made of a high-polymer material with good thermal insulation properties, requiring the material to meet the following conditions: yield strength σ1≥100MPa, density ρ1≥0.8g / cm³. 3 The thermal conductivity λ1 ≤ 0.5 W / m·K. The basic principle is that no significant deformation occurs during thermal shock, it possesses good thermal insulation performance and light transmittance, and can achieve vertical (perpendicular to the OO' axis) thermal insulation of the loaded object, ensuring that the loaded object only receives transient thermal load heat from the axial direction. Test tube 1 and cover plate 2 are coaxial, with the right end face of test tube 1 in smooth contact with the left end face of cover plate 2, without affecting the movement of cover plate 2.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, combined with Figure 4 The cover plate 2 is used to control the opening and closing of the tubular furnace 3, that is, to control the start and end of the transient heat load application. The cover plate 2 is formed by combining two semi-circular cover plates, divided into upper and lower cover plates. The cover plate 2 is installed on the vertical sliding groove 33 at the left end of the tubular furnace 3 and can slide up and down. The upper cover plate 21 has a diameter D. 21 =D1, thickness t 21 Satisfying 50mm≤t 21≤80mm; the lower cover plate 22 is mirror-symmetrical to the upper cover plate 21, and the diameter D of the lower cover plate 22 is... 22 =Diameter D of the upper cover plate 21 21 The thickness t of the lower cover plate 22 22 Satisfy t 22 =Thickness t of the upper cover plate 21 21 The cover plate 2 is powered by an electro-hydraulic actuator (such as the SHL-DO-0080E0 electro-hydraulic actuator manufactured by Herfa Fluid Technologies Ltd.). Its operating state is rapid up-and-down opening and closing (speed 1 m / s). (Upward movement of the upper cover plate 21 and downward movement of the lower cover plate 22 constitutes opening; downward movement of the upper cover plate 21 and upward movement of the lower cover plate 22 constitutes closing). The stroke is vertical, moving upwards or downwards. During the opening and closing process, the displacement of the upper cover plate 21 and the lower cover plate 22 is h = 0.5 × D1. The cover plate 2 is made of a high-insulation material, requiring the material to meet the following requirements: compressive strength σ2 ≥ 100 MPa, density ρ2 ≥ 0.8 g / cm³. 3 The thermal conductivity λ2 ≤ 0.6 W / m·K. The basic principle is to provide good heat insulation during the operation of the tubular furnace 3, ensuring that the temperature of the left side surface of the cover plate 2 does not exceed 200% of the room temperature, and to ensure the stability of the thermal field inside the tubular furnace 3. The cover plate 2 is coaxially installed with the tubular furnace 3, and the right end face of the cover plate 2 is in smooth contact with the left end face of the tubular furnace 3, without affecting the movement of the cover plate 2.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, combined with Figure 4 The tubular heating furnace 3 is cylindrical and is used to provide thermal load to the object being heated. Its outer diameter D3 satisfies D3 = D1, its length L3 satisfies 1200mm ≤ L3 ≤ 1500mm, its wall thickness t3 satisfies 35mm ≤ t3 ≤ 50mm, and its inner diameter d3 satisfies d3 = d1. A circular through-hole 31 is opened at the center of the right end face of the tubular heating furnace 3 to allow the hollow guide rod 5 to pass through. The thickness of the right end face is t... 31 Satisfy t 31 =t3, diameter d of circular through hole 31 31 Satisfying 10mm≤d 31 ≤20mm; the center of the left end face has a furnace opening of 32mm for hot air output, and the left end wall thickness is t. 32 Satisfy t 32 =t3, furnace opening diameter d 32 32 Satisfy d 32= d1. A vertical chute 33 is welded to the left outer wall of the tubular heating furnace 3 for the upper cover plate 21 and the lower cover plate 22 to slide only in the vertical direction. Auxiliary pulleys 23 are installed on both the left and right sides of the upper cover plate 21 and the lower cover plate 22. The auxiliary pulleys 23 are aligned with the vertical chute 33 and slide in the vertical chute 33 from top to bottom or from bottom to top, so that the upper cover plate 21 and the lower cover plate 22 do not deflect during the sliding process. The outer wall of the tubular heating furnace 3 is made of a high heat-insulating material, and as far as possible, a finished heating furnace on the market is selected. The material of the tubular heating furnace 3 needs to meet the compressive strength σ3 ≥ 100 MPa, the density ρ3 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 , the thermal conductivity coefficient λ3 ≤ 0.8 W / m·K. Heating wires 34 are arranged on the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace 3. The maximum heating temperature T max of the heating wires 34 meets T max ≥ 1200 °C. The basic principle is that when used continuously for a long time without stopping the furnace, the temperature of the outer shell is less than 45 °C, and a stable high-temperature thermal field can be provided. A movable heat-insulating valve 4 is coaxially installed in the tubular heating furnace 3. The side wall of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 is in smooth contact with the inner side wall of the tubular heating furnace 3 and maintains good sealing performance, improving the heat loading efficiency.

[0056] As Figure 2 shown, combined with Figure 1 , the movable heat-insulating valve 4 is circular ring-shaped and is used to convert the stable high-temperature thermal field in the tubular heating furnace 3 into a transient heat flow field. The outer diameter D4 of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 meets D4 = d3, the inner diameter d4 meets 20 mm ≤ d4 ≤ 50 mm, and the thickness t4 < L3, preferably satisfying 20 mm ≤ t4 ≤ 50 mm. The inner side wall of the right end of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 is machined with an internal thread, and the length t 41 of the internal thread meets 5 mm ≤ t 41 ≤ 8 mm, and the pitch diameter Φ4 of the internal thread meets Φ4 = d4. The outer side wall of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace 3 and can slide freely in the tubular heating furnace 3. The movable heat-insulating valve 4 is made of a high heat-insulating and low thermal expansion material, and the material is required to meet: the compressive strength σ4 ≥ 100 MPa, the density ρ4 ≥ 1 g / cm 3 , the thermal conductivity coefficient λ4 ≤ 0.6 W / m·K, and the thermal expansion coefficient α4 ≤ 1.5×10 -5 / K. The basic principle is that under the condition of continuous heating of the tubular heating furnace 3, the thermal expansion effect of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 does not affect the free sliding of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 in the tubular heating furnace 3. The internal thread on the inner side wall of the movable heat-insulating valve 4 is connected to the external thread at the left end of the hollow guide rod 5.

[0057] As Figure 2 shown, combined with Figure 1The hollow guide rod 5 is used to transmit power to the movable heat-insulating valve 4 and serves as the sliding track for the flyer plate 7. It is composed of a left-end cylinder 51 and a right-end cylinder 52 coaxially connected. The outer diameter of the hollow guide rod 5 is D5 = d4, requiring that the hollow guide rod 5 can slide freely axially within the circular through hole 31; the wall thickness t of the left-end cylinder 51 is... 51 Satisfy t 51 =0.1×D5, inner diameter d 51 Satisfy d 51 =D5-2×t 51 Length L 51 Satisfying 450mm≤L 51 ≤500mm. A first external thread 53 is tapped on the outer wall of the center of the left-end cylinder 51. The hollow guide rod 5 is connected to the limiting post 6 through the first external thread 53. The distance L between the right end of the first external thread 53 and the right end face of the left-end cylinder 51 is... 53 Satisfy L 53 =0.2×L 51 Mean diameter Φ 53 Satisfy Φ 53 =D5, thread length L 52 Satisfy L 52 =0.5×L 51 The inner wall of the left-end cylinder 51 is tapped with an internal thread 54. The left-end cylinder 51 is connected to the external thread of the sabot 8 through the internal thread 54. The sabot 8 is coaxially installed inside the left-end cylinder 51. During loading, the hollow guide rod 5 and the sabot 8 move together. The mean diameter Φ of the internal thread 54 is... 52 Satisfy Φ 52 =0.9×d 51 Internal thread 54, length L 54 Satisfy L 54 =L 51 / 4. The left-end cylinder 51 passes through the circular through-hole 31 at the right end of the tubular heating furnace 3 and is connected to the inner wall of the right end of the movable heat insulation valve 4 via a second external thread 55. The threaded connection is coaxially installed inside the movable heat insulation valve 4; the second external thread 55 is located at the left end of the left-end cylinder 51, with a mean diameter Φ 55 Satisfy Φ 55 =D5, length L 56 Satisfy L 56 =t4.

[0058] The right-end cylinder 52 contacts the high-pressure gas inside the barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device 9, and is inserted inside the barrel 91. The length L of the right-end cylinder 52 is... 55 Satisfying 40mm≤L 55 ≤50mm, diameter D 52 Satisfy D 52 ＝ D5.

[0059] The hollow guide rod 5 is made of high-strength metal material, which is required to meet the following conditions: yield strength σ5 ≥ 200 MPa, density ρ5 ≥ 1 g / cm³. 3 Thermal conductivity λ5≤50W / m·K, coefficient of thermal expansion α6≤1.5×10 -5 The basic principle is that during the interaction between the high-pressure gas and the hollow guide rod 5, the hollow guide rod 5 does not undergo significant plastic deformation, and the thermal expansion under the condition of continuous heating in the tubular heating furnace 3 does not affect the free sliding of the hollow guide rod 5 in the circular through hole 31 of the tubular heating furnace 3. The length of the hollow guide rod 5 inside the gun barrel 91 is 1 / 2 of the total length of the hollow guide rod 5, and the outer wall of the hollow guide rod 5 inserted inside the gun barrel 91 is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the gun barrel 91.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, combined with Figure 1 The limiting post 6 is used to control the distance the movable heat insulation valve 4 can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace 3. Specifically, after the limiting post 6 slides a certain distance to the left with the hollow guide rod 5, it contacts the right end face of the tubular heating furnace 3, thus preventing the hollow guide rod 5 and the movable heat insulation valve 4 from sliding further to the left, thereby quantitatively controlling the heat load. The limiting post 6 is annular with a threaded through hole 61. The left-end cylinder 51 is nested in the threaded through hole 61 through a first external thread 53, realizing the position adjustment of the limiting post 6 on the left-end cylinder 51. The outer diameter D6 of the limiting post 6 satisfies d 31 ≤D6≤150mm, thickness t6 satisfies 10mm≤t6≤20mm, threaded through hole 61 inner diameter Φ6 satisfies Φ6=Φ 53 The limiting pile 6 is made of high-strength metal material, which is required to meet the following conditions: yield strength σ6 ≥ 200 MPa, density ρ6 ≥ 1 g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is that the limiting pile 6 does not undergo significant plastic deformation during the contact process with the right end of the tubular heating furnace 3, thus limiting the movable heat insulation valve 4.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, combined with Figure 1 The flyer piece 7 is used to apply an impact load to the object being loaded. To simulate the characteristics of a shock wave load, the flyer piece 7 is cylindrical and coaxially mounted inside the left-end cylinder 51, located to the left of the sabot 8. It consists of a left-end cylinder 71, a middle cylinder 72, and a right-end cylinder 73. These cylinders are bonded together with strong adhesive from left to right in the order of left-end cylinder 71, middle cylinder 72, and right-end cylinder 73, ensuring coaxiality during bonding. The left-end cylinder 71 reduces the peak value of the shock wave, the middle cylinder 72 absorbs energy through deformation, and the right-end cylinder 73 provides kinetic energy, making the shock wave applied to the target by the flyer piece 7 similar to the waveform of an explosive shock wave. The left-end cylinder 71, middle cylinder 72, and right-end cylinder 73 have the same diameter, and the diameter D7 of the flyer piece 7 satisfies D7 = d51 The lengths of the left cylinder 71, the middle cylinder 72, and the right cylinder 73 of the flyer are L respectively. 71 、L 72 and L 73 Satisfying 10mm≤L 71 ≤15mm, 2mm≤L 72 ≤5mm and 5mm≤L 73 ≤10mm. The cylindrical part 71 at the left end of the flyer is made of a highly elastic material, requiring a yield strength σ. 71 ≥1MPa, density ρ 71 ≥0.5g / cm 3 The central cylinder 72 of the flyer plate is made of a easily deformable material, requiring a yield strength σ. 72 ≥100MPa, density ρ 72 ≥1g / cm 3 The right-side cylindrical part 73 of the flyer plate is made of high-strength material, requiring a yield strength σ. 73 ≥200MPa, density ρ 73 ≥1g / cm 3 The basic principle is that during the impact of the flying piece 7 on the loaded object, the left end cylinder 71 of the flying piece can return to its original shape after deformation, the middle cylinder 72 is flattened, and the right end cylinder 73 of the flying piece does not undergo significant plastic deformation during the impact. Before the test, the side wall of the flying piece 7 is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the left end cylinder 51, and the right end face 73 of the flying piece is in smooth contact with the left end face of the sabot 8. The sabot 8 gains a certain speed under the action of the hollow guide rod 5, which pushes the flying piece 7 to gain speed, thereby impacting the loaded object.

[0062] The sabot 8 is used to determine the position of the flying piece 7, push the flying piece 7 to impact the loaded object 10, thereby determining the impact moment and impact velocity. The sabot 8 is cylindrical. The outer diameter D8 of the sabot 8 satisfies D8 = Φ 52 The length L8 satisfies 20mm ≤ L8 ≤ 30mm. The outer wall of the sabot 8 is tapped with an external thread 81, and the mean diameter Φ8 of the external thread 81 satisfies Φ8 = Φ 52 The sabot 8 is connected to the internal thread 54 of the left end cylinder 51 of the hollow guide rod 5 via the external thread 81. The initial position of the flyer 7 is determined by the thread positioning. The sabot 8 is made of high-strength material, which is required to meet the following conditions: σ8≥200MPa, density ρ8≥1g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is that the sabot 8 does not undergo significant plastic deformation during high-pressure gas loading. During testing, the high-pressure gas inside the barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device 9 pushes the hollow guide rod 5, which in turn pushes the sabot 8, thereby giving the flyer 7 a certain initial velocity.

[0063] The high-pressure loading device 9 provides power to the loading device, driving the hollow guide rod 5 to move, which in turn causes the movable heat insulation valve 4 to slide, generating a thermal flow field. Simultaneously, the sabot 8 causes the flying disc 7 to generate initial velocity. The inner diameter d9 of the barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device satisfies d9=D5, and the length L9 of the barrel 91 satisfies 850mm≤L9≤1000mm. The air pump for the high-pressure loading device is generally selected from BAEY-33 / 24G of Shanghai Gesu Industrial Co., Ltd. The high-pressure loading device 9 is made of high-strength material, requiring the material to meet the following requirements: σ9≥200MPa, density ρ9≥5g / cm³. 3 The basic principle is to ensure stable loading and prevent air leakage.

[0064] The main parameters of one embodiment of the present invention are as follows: L1 = 500mm, D1 = 500mm, t1 = 10mm, d1 = 480mm, D 21 =D 22 =500mm, t 21 =t22=50mm, L3=1200mm, D3=500mm, d3=480mm, d 32 =480mm, d 31 =20mm, t3=t 31 =50mm, D4=480mm, d4=20mm, t4=20mm, Φ4=20mm, L 51 =500mm, L 52 =250mm, L 53 =100mm, L 54 =125mm, L 55 =50mm, L 56 =20mm, D5=20mm, t 51 =2mm,d 51＝ 16mm, Φ 52 =16mm, Φ 53 =20mm, Φ 55 =20mm, D6=100mm, Φ6=20mm, t6=10mm, D7=16mm, L 71 =10mm, L 72 =2mm, L 73 =5mm, D8=16mm, Φ8=16mm, L8=30mm, d9=20mm, L9=1000mm. Test tube 1 is made of acrylic with a light transmittance of 92%, yield strength σ1=81MPa, and density ρ1=1.18g / cm³. 3 λ1=0.2W / m·K; Cover plate 2 is made of mica board with compressive strength σ2=300MPa and density ρ2=2.65g / cm³. 3The thermal conductivity λ2 = 0.42 W / m·K; the tubular heating furnace 3 is made of mica plate with a compressive strength σ3 = 300 MPa and a density ρ3 = 2.65 g / cm³. 3 The thermal conductivity λ3 = 0.42 W / m·K; the movable heating valve 4 is made of mica plate with a compressive strength σ4 = 300 MPa and a density ρ4 = 2.65 g / cm³. 3 The thermal conductivity λ4 = 0.42 W / m·K, and the coefficient of thermal expansion α4 = 6.7 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K; The hollow guide rod 5 is made of steel with a yield strength σ5 = 300 MPa and a density ρ5 = 7.8 g / cm³. 3 Thermal conductivity λ5 = 45 W / m·K, coefficient of thermal expansion α6 = 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ -6 / K; The limiting pile 6 is made of steel with a yield strength σ6 = 300 MPa and a density ρ6 = 7.8 g / cm³. 3 The cylindrical part 71 at the left end of the flyer 7 is made of polyurethane foam with a yield strength σ. 71 =5MPa, density ρ 71 =1.04g / cm 3 The central cylindrical part of the flyer plate is made of aluminum alloy, and the required material properties are: yield strength σ. 72 =109MPa, density ρ 72 =2.78g / cm 3 The right-hand cylindrical section 73 of the flyer plate is made of steel with a yield strength σ. 73 =300MPa, density ρ 73 =7.8g / cm 3 The sabot 8 is made of steel with a strength of σ8 = 300 MPa and a density of ρ8 = 7.8 g / cm³. 3 .

[0065] The method for measuring transient temperature field heat dose using the measuring device designed based on the above parameters is as follows:

[0066] Step 1, Preparations before loading:

[0067] 1.1 Check the connections and contact between the components of the loading device. Observe whether there are gaps between the test tube 1, cover plate 2, and tubular heating furnace 3. If there are no gaps, it is determined that the test tube 1, cover plate 2, and tubular heating furnace 3 are in tight and smooth contact. Determine whether the movable heat insulation valve 4 can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace 3 by pushing the hollow guide rod 5 to the left and checking whether it is obstructed. Ensure that the movable heat insulation valve 4 can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace 3. Determine whether the hollow guide rod 5 can slide freely inside the barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device 9 by pushing the hollow guide rod 5 to the right and checking whether it is obstructed. Ensure that the hollow guide rod 5 can slide freely inside the barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device 9. Use a level to check and adjust to ensure that the test tube 1, cover plate 2, tubular heating furnace 3, movable heat insulation valve 4, hollow guide rod 5, and barrel 91 of the high-pressure loading device 9 are placed coaxially.

[0068] 1.2 By manually adjusting the position of the movable heat insulation valve 4 inside the tubular furnace 3, ensure that the movable heat insulation valve 4 is in close contact with the inner wall of the right end of the tubular furnace 3.

[0069] 1.3 Measure and record the laboratory temperature T0 = 20℃ and the mass of the flying plate 7 m = 11g.

[0070] 1.4 such as Figure 3 As shown, the object to be loaded 10 is placed coaxially inside the test tube 1, and the horizontal distance x = 200 mm between the right end face of the object to be loaded 10 and the left end face of the tubular heating furnace 3 is measured.

[0071] 1.5 The air pump of the high-pressure loading device 9 and the electro-hydraulic actuator of the cover plate 2 are debugged respectively to ensure the synchronization of the operation of the high-pressure loading device 9 and the cover plate 2, and the air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device 9 (not less than 0.1MPa) is recorded.

[0072] 1.6 Establish the functional relationship between the air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device 9 and the velocity v1 of the flyer plate 7 and the thermal flow field velocity v2. The method is as follows:

[0073] 1.6.1 Measure and record the air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device 9.

[0074] 1.6.2 The hollow guide rod 5 is loaded using the high-pressure air in the air pump of the high-pressure loading device 9. The operation shall be carried out in accordance with the safety operation regulations of the high-pressure loading device.

[0075] 1.6.3 The velocity v1 of the flying plate 7 was measured using a high-speed camera, and the thermal flow velocity v2 was measured using an infrared camera.

[0076] 1.6.4 Loading experiments were conducted with different air pump pressures p. Scatter plots were drawn showing the relationship between air pump pressure p and the speed of the flyer blade v1 and the speed of the thermal flow field v2, respectively. The relationship curve f1 between air pump pressure p and the speed of the flyer blade v1 was obtained by fitting the relationship between air pump pressure p and the speed of the flyer blade v1. The relationship curve f2 between air pump pressure p and the speed of the thermal flow field v2 was obtained by fitting the relationship between air pump pressure p and the speed of the thermal flow field v2.

[0077] 1.7 Determine the shock wave impulse I = 0.0385 N·s, the shock wave and thermal flow field loading interval Δt = 0.01 s, and the required temperature T1 = 1000 ℃ according to the test requirements.

[0078] The second step involves applying a combined thermal flux field and shock wave to the target object. The method is as follows:

[0079] 2.1 The inflation pressure in the air pump is determined by the shock wave impulse I applied to the loaded object and the mass m of the flyer plate 7. The method is as follows: according to the shock wave impulse I = mass m of flyer plate 7 × velocity v1 of flyer plate 7, the velocity v1 of flyer plate 7 is determined to be 3.5 m / s; according to the relationship curve f1 between air pump pressure p and velocity v1 of flyer plate 7, the inflation pressure p in the air pump is determined to be 0.2 MPa.

[0080] 2.2 Based on the relationship curve f2, the thermal flow velocity v2 = 0.42 m / s under the pump pressure p, and the thermal flow displacement x, calculate the time t for the thermal flow to reach the loaded object. r , t r =x / v2=0.2 / 0.42=0.476s.

[0081] 2.3 Calculate the time t for the flying piece 7 to reach the loaded object. f , t f =t r +Δt=0.485s, calculate the displacement x of fly plate 7. f =t f ·v1=1700mm, determine the horizontal distance from the left end of the flyer plate 7 to the left end of the hollow guide rod 5 as x i =x f -L3-x+t 31 +t4 = 37mm.

[0082] 2.4 Place the flyer plate 7, heat the tubular heating furnace 3 to the required temperature T1, and fill the air pump of the high-pressure loading device 9 with gas pressure p. After filling, operate the high-pressure loading device to load the hollow guide rod 5 in accordance with the safety operation regulations of the high-pressure loading device.

[0083] The third step is to measure and record the transient thermal-shock field characteristics. The method is as follows:

[0084] 3.1 Before measurement, after the movable heat insulation valve 3 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the right end of the tubular heating furnace 3, the high-pressure loading device 9 releases high-pressure gas to start loading.

[0085] 3.2 Measure the actual velocity v of the flying piece 7 using a high-speed camera. s1 = 3.3 m / s, combined with the mass m of the flying plate, the actual shock wave impulse I is obtained. s =v s1 ·m=0.0363N·s.

[0086] 3.3 Measuring the actual flow velocity v in the thermal flow field using an infrared camera s2 =0.39 m / s and duration t sr =0.36s, combined with the inner diameter d3 of the tubular heating furnace, the specific heat capacity of air c = 1007 J / (kg·℃) and the density ρ = 1.29 kg / m³ 3 The heat flux q is obtained as q = c·ρ·π·d³. 2 ·v s2 ·t sr / 4 = 35.8J.

[0087] The above embodiments are merely one implementation of the present invention. The specific structure and dimensions can be adjusted according to actual needs. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention patent.

Claims

1. A transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing, characterized in that... The transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing consists of a test tube (1), a cover plate (2), a tubular heating furnace (3), a movable heat insulation valve (4), a hollow guide rod (5), a limiting stake (6), a flying piece (7), a spring clip (8), and a high-pressure loading device (9); the end closer to the test tube (1) is the left end of the transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing, and the end farther away from the test tube (1) is the right end of the transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing; the test tube (1) The cover plate (2), tubular heating furnace (3), hollow guide rod (5), flying plate (7), spring support (8) and high pressure loading device (9) are arranged from left to right along the same OO' axis; the object to be loaded is placed inside the test tube (1); the movable heat insulation valve (4) is placed coaxially inside the tubular heating furnace (3); the movable heat insulation valve (4) is connected to the hollow guide rod (5) by a thread, and the outer wall of the hollow guide rod (5) is fitted with a limit stake (6), which moves along the outer wall of the hollow guide rod (5); The test tube (1) is used to load the object (10) and is cylindrical; the outer diameter of the test tube (1) is D1, the inner diameter is d1, and the length is L1; the test tube (1) is made of polymer material, which does not deform during the thermal shock process and can insulate the vertical direction of the object (10) to ensure that the object only receives transient thermal load heat from the axial direction, i.e., OO'; the test tube (1) and the cover plate (2) are coaxial, and the right end face of the test tube (1) is in smooth contact with the left end face of the cover plate (2); the diameter D of the object (10) is less than D1, and the thickness H satisfies H≤L1; The cover plate (2) is used to control the opening and closing of the tubular heating furnace (3), that is, to control the start and end of the transient heat load loading; the cover plate (2) is formed by combining two semi-circular cover plates, which are divided into upper and lower cover plates. The cover plate (2) is installed on the vertical slide groove at the left end of the tubular heating furnace (3) and slides up and down; the upper cover plate (21) has a diameter D 21 =D1, the lower cover plate (22) and the upper cover plate (21) are mirror symmetrical. The cover plate (2) is powered by an electro-hydraulic actuator. The working state is rapid opening and closing, that is, the upper cover plate (21) moves upward and the lower cover plate (22) moves downward to open, and the upper cover plate (21) moves downward and the lower cover plate (22) moves upward to close. The movement stroke is upward or downward along the vertical direction. The cover plate (2) is made of heat-insulating material. It is required to be heat-insulating during the operation of the tubular heating furnace (3) to ensure that the temperature of the left side surface of the cover plate (2) does not exceed 200% of the room temperature and to ensure the stability of the internal thermal field of the tubular heating furnace (3). The cover plate (2) is coaxially installed with the tubular heating furnace (3). The right end face of the cover plate (2) is in smooth contact with the left end face of the tubular heating furnace (3) and does not affect the movement of the cover plate (2). The tubular heating furnace (3) is cylindrical and is used to provide heat load to the object being loaded. It is cylindrical in shape. The outer diameter is D3 = D1, the length is L3, the wall thickness is t3, and the inner diameter is d3 = d1. A circular through hole (31) is opened at the center of the right end face of the tubular heating furnace (3) to allow the hollow guide rod (5) to pass through. A furnace opening (32) is opened at the center of the left end face for hot air output. A vertical sliding groove (33) is welded on the outer wall of the left side of the tubular heating furnace (3) to allow the upper cover plate (21) and the lower cover plate (22) to slide only in the vertical direction. Auxiliary pulleys (23) are installed on the left and right sides of the upper cover plate (21) and the lower cover plate (22). The auxiliary pulley (23) is aligned with the vertical slide groove (33) and slides from top to bottom or from bottom to top in the vertical slide groove (33) so that the upper cover plate (21) and the lower cover plate (22) do not deflect during the sliding process; the outer wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) is made of heat insulation material, and the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) is equipped with heating wires (34). When the furnace is used for a long time without stopping, the outer shell temperature is less than 45°C, providing a stable high-temperature heat field; a movable heat insulation valve (4) is coaxially installed inside the tubular heating furnace (3). The side wall of the movable heat insulation valve (4) is in smooth contact with the inner side wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) and maintains a seal. The movable heat-insulating valve (4) is annular and is used to convert the stable high-temperature thermal field in the tubular heating furnace (3) into a transient heat flow field; the outer diameter D4 of the movable heat-insulating valve (4) = d3, the inner diameter is d4, and the thickness t4 < L3. The inner side wall of the right end of the movable heat-insulating valve (4) is machined with internal threads. The outer side wall of the movable heat-insulating valve (4) is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) and can freely slide within the tubular heating furnace (3); the movable heat-insulating valve (4) is made of a material with high heat insulation and low thermal expansion, ensuring that under the continuous heating condition of the tubular heating furnace (3), the thermal expansion effect of the movable heat-insulating valve (4) does not affect its free sliding within the tubular heating furnace (3). The hollow guide rod (5) is used to transmit power to the movable heat-insulating valve (4) and serves as the sliding track for the fly plate (7). It is composed of a left-end cylinder (51) and a right-end cylinder (52) connected coaxially. The hollow guide rod (5) has an outer diameter D5 = d4 and an inner diameter d. 51 The hollow guide rod (5) is required to slide freely along the axial direction within the circular through hole (31); the length of the left end cylinder (51) is L. 51 The outer wall of the center of the left end cylinder (51) is tapped with a first external thread (53), the mean diameter of which is Φ. 53 The hollow guide rod (5) is connected to the limiting post (6) through the first external thread (53). The inner wall of the left end cylinder (51) is tapped with an internal thread (54), and the mean diameter of the internal thread (54) is Φ. 52 The left end cylinder (51) is connected to the external thread of the sabot (8) through the internal thread (54). The sabot (8) is coaxially installed inside the left end cylinder (51). During the loading process, the hollow guide rod (5) and the sabot (8) move together. The left end cylinder (51) passes through the circular through hole (31) at the right end of the tubular heating furnace (3) and is connected to the inner wall of the right end of the movable heat insulation valve (4) through the second external thread (55). The threaded part is coaxially installed inside the movable heat insulation valve (4). The second external thread (55) is located at the left end of the left end cylinder (51). The right end cylinder (52) contacts the high-pressure gas in the barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device (9) and is inserted into the barrel (91). The length of the right end cylinder (52) is L. 55 Diameter D 52 Satisfy D 52 ＝ D5; The hollow guide rod (5) is made of metal material to ensure that the hollow guide rod (5) does not undergo significant plastic deformation during the interaction of high pressure gas and the hollow guide rod (5). The thermal expansion of the hollow guide rod (5) under the condition of continuous heating of the tubular heating furnace (3) does not affect the free sliding of the hollow guide rod (5) in the circular through hole (31) of the tubular heating furnace (3). The length of the hollow guide rod (5) inside the gun barrel (91) is 1 / 2 of the total length of the hollow guide rod (5). The outer wall of the hollow guide rod (5) inserted into the gun barrel (91) is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the gun barrel (91). The limiting post (6) is used to control the distance that the movable heat insulation valve (4) can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace (3). That is, after the limiting post (6) slides to the left a certain distance with the hollow guide rod (5), it contacts the right end face of the tubular heating furnace (3), preventing the hollow guide rod (5) and the movable heat insulation valve (4) from continuing to slide to the left, thereby quantitatively controlling the heat load. The limiting post (6) is annular with a threaded through hole (61). The left end cylinder (51) is nested in the threaded through hole (61) through the first external thread (53), realizing the position adjustment of the limiting post (6) on the left end cylinder (51). The outer diameter D6 of the limiting post (6) satisfies d 31 ≤D6, the limiting pile (6) is made of metal material to ensure that the limiting pile (6) does not undergo plastic deformation during the contact process with the right end of the tubular heating furnace (3), and plays a limiting role for the movable heat insulation valve (4); The flyer plate (7) is used to apply an impact load to the object to be loaded. To simulate the characteristics of the shock wave load, the flyer plate (7) is cylindrical and is coaxially installed inside the left-end cylinder (51), located on the left side of the sabot (8). It consists of the left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate, the middle cylinder (72), and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate. The left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate, the middle cylinder (72), and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate are adhesively connected from left to right in the order of the left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate, the middle cylinder (72), and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate using strong glue, and coaxiality is ensured during adhesion; the left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate is used to reduce the peak value of the shock wave, the middle cylinder (72) is used for deformation energy absorption, and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate provides kinetic energy, so that the shock wave applied to the target when the flyer plate 7 impacts the target is similar to the waveform of the explosion shock wave; the left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate, the middle cylinder (72), and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate have the same diameter. The left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate is made of a high-elasticity material, the middle cylinder (72) of the flyer plate is made of an easily deformable material, and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate is made of a high-strength material. The basic principle is that during the process of the flyer plate (7) impacting the object to be loaded, the left-end cylinder (71) of the flyer plate can recover its original shape after deformation, the middle cylinder (72) is flattened, and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate does not undergo plastic deformation during the impact process; before testing, the side wall of the flyer plate (7) is in smooth contact with the inner wall of the left-end cylinder (51), and the right-end cylinder (73) of the flyer plate is in smooth contact with the left end face of the sabot (8); the sabot (8) obtains a certain speed under the action of the hollow guide rod (5), and pushes the flyer plate (7) to obtain a speed, thereby impacting the object to be loaded. The sabot (8) is used to determine the position of the flyer plate (7) and push the flyer plate (7) to impact the object to be loaded (10) to determine the impact moment and impact speed. The sabot (8) is cylindrical; the outer side wall of the sabot (8) is tapped with external threads (81). The sabot (8) is connected to the internal threads (54) of the left-end cylinder (51) in the hollow guide rod (5) through the external threads (81). The initial position of the flyer plate (7) is determined by thread positioning. The sabot (8) is made of a high-strength material to ensure that the sabot (8) does not undergo plastic deformation during the high-pressure gas loading process; during testing, the high-pressure gas in the gun barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device (9) pushes the hollow guide rod (5), which in turn pushes the sabot (8), and then gives the flyer plate (7) an initial velocity. The high-pressure loading device (9) is used to provide power to the loading device, push the hollow guide rod (5) to move, and then the movable heat insulation valve (4) slides, generating a heat flow field. At the same time, the sabot (8) causes the flying piece (7) to generate an initial velocity. The inner diameter of the barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device is d9 = D5. The high-pressure loading device (9) is made of high-strength material and is required to be stable and leak-proof.

2. The transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The outer diameter D1 of the test tube (1) satisfies 350mm≤D1≤500mm; the wall thickness t1 satisfies 10mm≤t1≤20mm; the inner diameter d1 satisfies d1=D1-2×t1; and the length L1 satisfies 500mm≤L1≤750mm. When loading, the object (10) to be loaded is required to be cylindrical in shape, and the diameter D satisfies 0.1D1≤D≤0.5D1.

3. The transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The thickness t of the upper cover plate (21) of the cover plate (2) 21 Satisfying 50mm≤t 21 ≤80mm; thickness t of the lower cover plate (22) 22 =t 21 The opening and closing speed of the cover plate (2) is 1m / s, and the displacement of the upper cover plate (21) and the lower cover plate (22) during the opening and closing process is h=0.5×D1; the electro-hydraulic actuator is SHL-DO-0080E0 electro-hydraulic actuator.

4. The transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The length L3 of the tubular heating furnace (3) satisfies 1200mm≤L3≤1500mm; the wall thickness t3 satisfies 35mm≤t3≤50mm; the thickness t of the right end face of the tubular heating furnace (3) is... 31 =t3, diameter d of circular through hole (31) 31 Satisfying 10mm≤d 31 ≤20mm; Tubular heating furnace (3) left end wall thickness t 32 =t3, furnace opening (32) diameter d 32 Satisfy d 32 =d1.

5. The transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The inner diameter d4 of the movable heat insulation valve (4) satisfies 20mm≤d4≤50mm, the thickness t4 satisfies 20mm≤t4≤50mm, and the length t of the internal thread on the inner wall of the right end of the movable heat insulation valve (4) is... 41 Satisfying 5mm≤t 41 ≤8mm, the pitch diameter of the internal thread Φ4 satisfies Φ4=d4.

6. The transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The wall thickness t of the left end cylinder (51) of the hollow guide rod (5) 51 Satisfy t 51 =0.1×D5, inner diameter d 51 Satisfy d 51 =D5-2×t 51 Length L 51 Satisfying 450mm≤L 51 ≤500mm; the distance L from the right end of the left cylinder (51) to the right end face of the left cylinder (51) is the first external thread (53) tapped on the outer wall of the center. 53 Satisfy L 53 =0.2×L 51 Mean diameter Φ 53 Satisfy Φ 53 =D5, thread length L 52 Satisfy L 52 =0.5×L 51 The inner wall of the left end cylinder (51) has an internal thread (54) with a mean diameter Φ. 52 Satisfy Φ 52 =0.9×d 51 The length L of the internal thread (54) 54 =L 51 / 4; Second external thread (55) pitch diameter Φ 55 Satisfy Φ 55 =D5, length L 56 Satisfy L 56 =t4; Length L of the right-end cylinder (52) 55 Satisfying 40mm≤L 55 ≤50mm.

7. The transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The outer diameter D6 of the limiting post (6) satisfies d 31 ≤D6≤150mm, thickness t6 satisfies 10mm≤t6≤20mm, inner diameter Φ6 of threaded through hole (61) satisfies Φ6=middle diameter Φ of first external thread (53) 53 The diameter D7 of the flying piece (7) satisfies D7 = d 51 The lengths of the left end cylinder (71), the middle cylinder (72), and the right end cylinder (73) of the flyer are L respectively. 71 L 72 and L 73 Satisfying 10mm≤L 71 ≤15mm, 2mm≤L 72 ≤5mm and 5mm≤L 73 ≤10mm; the outer diameter D8 of the sabot (8) is Φ 52 The length L8 satisfies 20mm≤L8≤30mm; the mean diameter Φ8 of the external thread (81) of the sabot (8) satisfies Φ8=Φ 52 .

8. The transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device has a length L9 that satisfies 850mm≤L9≤1000mm, and the air pump of the high-pressure loading device is selected as BAEY-33 / 24G.

9. The transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The polymer material used in the test tube (1) meets the following requirements: yield strength σ1 ≥ 100 MPa, density ρ1 ≥ 0.8 g / cm³. 3 The thermal conductivity λ1 ≤ 0.5 W / m·K; the test tube (1) and the cover plate (2) are kept coaxial, and the right end face of the test tube (1) is in smooth contact with the left end face of the cover plate (2) without affecting the movement of the cover plate (2); the thermal insulation material used in the cover plate (2) meets the following requirements: compressive strength σ2 ≥ 100 MPa, density ρ2 ≥ 0.8 g / cm³. 3 The thermal conductivity λ2 ≤ 0.6 W / m·K; the insulation material used on the outer wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) meets the requirements of compressive strength σ3 ≥ 100 MPa and density ρ3 ≥ 1 g / cm³. 3 The thermal conductivity λ3≤0.8W / m·K, the maximum heating temperature T of the heating wire (34) arranged on the inner wall of the tubular heating furnace (3) is... max ≥1200℃; The movable thermal insulation valve (4) uses high thermal insulation and low thermal expansion materials that meet the following requirements: compressive strength σ4≥100MPa, density ρ4≥1g / cm³ 3 Thermal conductivity λ4 ≤ 0.6 W / m·K, coefficient of thermal expansion α4 ≤ 1.5 × 10⁻⁶ -5 / K; The metal material used for the hollow guide rod (5) must meet the following requirements: yield strength σ5≥200MPa, density ρ5≥1g / cm³ 3 Thermal conductivity λ5≤50W / m·K, coefficient of thermal expansion α6≤1.5×10 -5 / K; The metal material used for the limiting pile (6) must meet the following requirements: yield strength σ6≥200MPa, density ρ6≥1g / cm³ 3 The high-elasticity material used for the cylindrical part (71) at the left end of the flyer plate satisfies the following: yield strength σ 71 ≥1MPa, density ρ 71 ≥0.5g / cm 3 The easily deformable material used in the central cylinder (72) of the flyer plate meets the yield strength σ. 72 ≥100MPa, density ρ 72 ≥1g / cm 3 The cylindrical part (73) at the right end of the flyer plate is made of high-strength material and meets the following requirements: yield strength σ 73 ≥200MPa, density ρ 73 ≥1g / cm 3 The sabot (8) is made of high-strength material that meets the following requirements: σ8≥200MPa, density ρ8≥1g / cm³. 3 The high-strength material used in the high-pressure loading device (9) meets the following requirements: σ9≥200MPa, density ρ9≥5g / cm³. 3 .

10. A method for transient thermo-mechanical impact loading using a transient thermo-mechanical impact loading device with controllable loading timing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1, Preparations before loading: 1.1 Check the connection and contact between the components of the loading device. Observe whether there are gaps between the test tube (1), the cover plate (2), and the tubular heating furnace (3). If there are no gaps, it is determined that the test tube (1), the cover plate (2), and the tubular heating furnace (3) are in tight and smooth contact. By pushing the hollow guide rod (5) to the left, it is determined whether the movable heat insulation valve (4) can slide freely inside the tubular heating furnace (3). Ensure that the movable heat insulation valve (4) is inside the tubular heating furnace (3). It can slide freely; by pushing the hollow guide rod (5) to the right and whether it is blocked, it is determined whether the hollow guide rod (5) can slide freely in the barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device (9), and ensure that the hollow guide rod (5) can slide freely in the barrel (91) of the high-pressure loading device (9); by using a level to check and adjust, ensure that the test tube (1), cover plate (2), tubular heating furnace (3), movable heat insulation valve (4), hollow guide rod (5), high-pressure loading device (9) and barrel (91) are placed coaxially; 1.2 By manually adjusting the position of the movable heat insulation valve (4) inside the tubular heating furnace (3), ensure that the movable heat insulation valve (4) is in close contact with the inner wall of the right end of the tubular heating furnace (3); 1.3 Measure and record the laboratory temperature T0 and the mass m of the flyer (7); 1.4 The object to be loaded is placed coaxially inside the test tube (1), and the horizontal distance x between the right end face of the object to be loaded and the left end face of the tubular heating furnace (3) is measured. 1.5 The air pump of the high pressure loading device (9) and the electro-hydraulic actuator of the cover plate (2) are debugged respectively to ensure the synchronization of the operation of the high pressure loading device (9) and the cover plate (2), and the air pump pressure p of the high pressure loading device (9) is recorded. p is required to be no less than 0.1MPa. 1.6 Establish the functional relationship between the air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device (9) and the velocity v1 and thermal flow field velocity v2 of the flyer plate (7). The method is as follows: 1.6.1 Measure and record the air pump pressure p of the high-pressure loading device (9); 1.6.2 Use the high-pressure air in the air pump of the high-pressure loading device (9) to load the hollow guide rod (5). Follow the safety operation regulations of the high-pressure loading device during operation. 1.6.3 Use a high-speed camera to measure the velocity v1 of the flying piece (7) and use an infrared camera to measure the working velocity v2 of the thermal flow field; 1.6.4 Conduct loading experiments with different air pump pressures p, and draw scatter plots of air pump pressure p with flyer speed v1 and heat flow field speed v2 respectively. By fitting air pump pressure p with flyer speed v1, obtain the relationship curve f1 between air pump pressure p and flyer speed v1 (7). By fitting air pump pressure p with heat flow field speed v2, obtain the relationship curve f2 between air pump pressure p and heat flow field speed v2. 1.7 Determine the shock wave impulse I, the shock wave and thermal flow field loading interval Δt, and the required temperature T1 according to the test requirements; The second step involves applying a combined thermal flux field and shock wave to the target object. The method is as follows: 2.1 The air pressure in the air pump is determined by the shock wave impulse I applied to the loaded object and the mass m of the flyer (7). The method is as follows: the flyer velocity v1 is determined according to the shock wave impulse I = flyer (7) mass m × flyer (7) velocity v1; the air pressure p in the air pump is determined according to the curve f1 of the relationship between the air pump pressure p and the flyer (7) velocity v1. 2.2 Based on the relationship curve f2, obtain the thermal flow velocity v2 under the air pump pressure p, and the thermal flow field displacement x. Calculate the time t for the thermal flow field to reach the loaded object. r , t r =x / v2; 2.3 Calculate the time t for the flying piece (7) to reach the loaded object. f , t f =t r +Δt, calculate the displacement x of the flying piece (7). f =t f ·v1, determine the horizontal distance x from the left end of the flyer (7) to the left end of the hollow guide rod (5). i =x f -L3-x+t 31 +t4;t 31 The thickness of the right end face of the tubular heating furnace (3); 2.4 Place the flying plate (7), heat the tubular heating furnace (3) to the required temperature T1, and fill the air pump of the high pressure loading device (9) with gas pressure p. After filling, operate the high pressure loading device to load the hollow guide rod (5) in accordance with the safety operation regulations of the high pressure loading device. The third step is to measure and record the transient thermal-shock field characteristics. The method is as follows: 3.1 Before measurement, after attaching the movable heat insulation valve (4) tightly to the inner wall of the right end of the tubular heating furnace (3), the high-pressure loading device (9) releases high-pressure gas to start loading; 3.2 Measure the actual velocity v of the flying piece (7) using a high-speed camera s1 Combining the mass m of the flyer plate, the actual shock wave impulse I is obtained. s =v s1 ·m; 3.3 Measuring the actual flow velocity v in the thermal flow field using an infrared camera s2 and duration t sr Combining the inner diameter d3 of the tubular furnace, the specific heat capacity c of air, and the density ρ, the heat flux q of the heat flow field is obtained as c·ρ·π·d3. 2 ·v s2 ·t sr / 4.

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