Sudden oil pollution event tracing method and device based on n-alkane fingerprint spectrum

Abstract

The invention provides a sudden oil pollution event tracing method and device based on an n-alkane fingerprint spectrum, and belongs to the technical field of pollutant detection and tracing, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining sediments and suspected pollution source samples in a polluted area and upstream and downstream areas; performing GC-MS analysis on all the samples, and obtaining pollutant characteristic values of the samples according to a total ion chromatogram; constructing a basic fingerprint spectrum of the sample by using the pollutant characteristic value of the sample, and constructing a normalized fingerprint spectrum; and performing included angle cosine similarity analysis on all samples and suspected pollution source pairs, analyzing the samples and pollution sources which are remarkably related, confirming the pollution sources, and analyzing the pollution condition of the sediments in the polluted area. According to the invention, accurate pollutant traceability can be carried out, and accurate pollution degree evaluation can be carried out on sediments in a polluted area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pollutant detection and source tracing, and in particular to a method and device for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution events based on normal alkane fingerprints. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the economy, the use of the sea for the construction of marine coastal projects, marine transportation, offshore oil exploration and development, island development, and water operations has become increasingly frequent. The damage to the marine ecology caused by various marine development and utilization activities and marine environmental emergencies is very serious. Marine environmental emergencies include oil spills, leaks of hazardous chemicals, and other pollutant emissions. Various problems derived from water resource pollution are emerging in an endless stream and need to be solved urgently. In order to ensure that the marine ecological environment is maintained at a baseline level, the time span from the occurrence of marine ecological damage events to the realization of marine ecological restoration goals is assessed. It is imperative to develop appropriate key technologies for basin ecological damage assessment and tracing.

[0003] Chinese invention patents CN114563518B and CN113495114B disclose fingerprint tracing methods for oil groundwater leakage, but both only focus on determining the type of oil leaked in the polluted water body, and cannot accurately trace the pollution source of sudden pollution incidents, nor can they analyze the sediment adsorption situation in the basin of sudden pollution incidents. Therefore, they are not suitable for targeted tracing of sudden incidents of ecological damage. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem that the existing fingerprint construction method does not take into account the influence of different pollution sources and different matrix receptors, resulting in the inability to accurately trace the source of pollutants in the polluted area and accurately assess the pollution degree of sediments in the polluted area, the present invention provides a method and device for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprints. By constructing a normal alkane fingerprint of pollutants in sediments in the polluted basin of sudden oil pollution incidents in natural water environments, accurate pollutant tracing and accurate pollution degree assessment of sediments in the polluted area are carried out.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprints, comprising:

[0007] Obtain sediment samples and suspected pollution source samples from the polluted area and upstream and downstream areas;

[0008] All samples were subjected to GC-MS analysis, and the n-alkane characteristic values ​​of the samples were obtained based on the total ion current graph;

[0009] The basic fingerprint of the sample is constructed by using the normal alkane characteristic value of the sample, and the basic fingerprint of the sample is normalized to construct a normalized fingerprint;

[0010] Perform angle cosine similarity analysis on the normalized fingerprints of all samples and suspected pollution source samples, analyze significantly correlated samples and pollution sources, and confirm the pollution source;

[0011] Analyze the pollution status of sediments in polluted areas based on significant correlation;

[0012] Conduct pollutant source analysis and pollution degree assessment based on the correlation analysis results.

[0013] The present invention also provides a device for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution events based on normal alkane fingerprints, comprising the following modules:

[0014] The sample acquisition module obtains sediment samples from the polluted area and upstream and downstream areas and samples from suspected pollution sources;

[0015] The module for acquiring the characteristic values ​​of normal alkanes performs GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis on all samples and obtains the characteristic values ​​of normal alkanes of the samples based on the total ion current (TIC);

[0016] A normalization module, which uses the normal alkane characteristic values ​​of the sample to construct a basic fingerprint of the sample, performs normalization processing on the basic fingerprint of the sample, obtains the normalized characteristic values ​​of the normal alkane of the sample to construct a normalized fingerprint of the sample;

[0017] The pollution source confirmation module performs angle cosine similarity analysis on the normalized fingerprints of all samples and suspected pollution source samples, analyzes significant correlations, analyzes significantly correlated samples and pollution sources, and confirms the pollution source;

[0018] The pollution analysis module analyzes the pollution status of sediments in the polluted area based on significant correlation;

[0019] The pollution source tracing and assessment module conducts pollutant source analysis and pollution degree assessment based on correlation results.

[0020] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps of the method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on the normal alkane fingerprint spectrum are implemented.

[0021] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on the normal alkane fingerprint spectrum are implemented.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention uses the angle cosine similarity to analyze the fingerprint spectrum of n-alkanes in water sediments affected by sudden oil pollution incidents, provides technical support for the pollution source tracing analysis of sudden water environment pollution incidents and the degree of pollution impact on basin sediments, and provides a prerequisite guarantee for measures such as water environment pollution assessment and comprehensive management.

[0024] First, the present invention has a wide range of applications and provides a simple and effective method for tracing the source of oil pollution incidents. This method can also be extended to tracing the source of pollution incidents of other types of characteristic pollutants.

[0025] Secondly, while tracing the source of pollution, the present invention can analyze the degree of pollution of sediments at the current time node, and can also be further combined with online monitoring equipment to conduct real-time analysis of the recovery status or restoration effect of the polluted watershed, which can be further used for ecological restoration dynamics analysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings are used to further understand the content of the invention in conjunction with the specific implementation methods and serve as a part of the description, but do not constitute a limitation to the implementation methods of the invention.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on the normal alkane fingerprint spectrum of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of sample analysis steps in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 The standard spectrum of characteristic pollutants of the samples in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of the cosine similarity of the average angle between each section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the following embodiments are limited to explaining the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should include the entire contents of the claims, and through the description of the following embodiments, those skilled in the art can fully implement the entire contents of the claims of the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprints, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Obtain sediment samples from the polluted area and upstream and downstream areas, as well as samples from suspected pollution sources;

[0034] All samples were analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) to obtain the n-alkane characteristic values ​​of the samples based on the total ion current (TIC);

[0035] The basic fingerprint of the sample is constructed by using the normal alkane characteristic value of the sample, and the basic fingerprint of the sample is normalized to obtain the normalized characteristic value of the normal alkane of the sample to construct the normalized fingerprint of the sample;

[0036] Perform angle cosine similarity analysis on the normalized fingerprints of all samples and suspected pollution source samples, analyze the significant correlation, analyze the significantly correlated samples and pollution sources, and confirm the pollution source;

[0037] Analyze the pollution status of sediments in polluted areas based on significant correlation;

[0038] Conduct pollutant source analysis and pollution degree assessment based on the correlation results.

[0039] Specifically, the calculation equation for the characteristic pollutant content in the sample is:

[0040] ;

[0041] in, is the content of a certain characteristic pollutant in the sample, in mg / kg; ρ n is the injection concentration of the pollutant calculated from the calibration curve, in mg / L; V is the volume of the extract after concentration, in L; m is the sample size, in kg; W H2O is the moisture content of sediment, in %.

[0042] Specifically, the calculation equation for the normalized characteristic value of n-alkanes of the sample in the method includes:

[0043] ;

[0044] Specifically, the calculation equation of the angle cosine similarity analysis includes:

[0045] ;

[0046] Among them, a i is C in sample a i Normalized characteristic value of characteristic pollutants, b i C corresponding to sample b i Normalized characteristic value of characteristic pollutants. The calculated similarity is the similarity score between sample a and sample b.

[0047] Furthermore, the samples include samples from three areas: the pollution control section, the upstream control section, and the downstream reduction section, and at least three samples are collected from each area.

[0048] Furthermore, the characteristic value of normal alkanes in the sample is extracted as the basic fingerprint of the sample, and the characteristic value of the characteristic pollutant includes the content of the characteristic pollutant in the sample.

[0049] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.

[0050] Embodiment 1:

[0051] This embodiment uses a sudden water pollution incident as an example to trace the source of pollutants and analyze the degree of pollution in the watershed.

[0052] A method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprints in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Obtain sediment samples from the polluted area and upstream and downstream areas and samples from suspected pollution sources.

[0054] Specifically, a source tracing investigation was immediately launched after the sudden pollution incident occurred, and it was found that the pollutants in the water body were a mixture of oil and water from a certain company. The investigation results showed that the pollutants were diesel compounds, so the characteristic compounds of this pollution were alkane compounds. After conducting on-site surveys in the polluted area and upstream and downstream of the basin, the sampling locations of three sections were determined, and a sampling plan was formulated. A total of 10 sampling locations were set up, including 3 upstream control sections, 4 pollution control sections, and 3 downstream reduction sections. 2 samples of suspected pollution sources were collected.

[0055] Specifically, the bottom mud is taken out by the sampling bucket and put into the sample bottle, which is labeled and sealed. After the sampling is completed, it is sent back to the laboratory as soon as possible and stored in a dark place at 4℃. The samples are processed within 10 days.

[0056] Step 2: Perform GC-MS analysis on all samples and obtain the pollutant characteristic values ​​of the samples based on the total ion current graph; including:

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the sample is first pretreated, then the target is extracted, concentrated and purified, and nitrogen blown to volume, and finally the machine is tested.

[0058] Specifically, the target substance is extracted using a rapid solvent extractor, concentrated and purified using a fully automatic solid phase extractor, and nitrogen blowing and volume determination using a nitrogen blowing instrument.

[0059] Specifically, the GC-MS used for sample analysis had the following instrumental conditions: chromatographic column: DB-5MS UI, 30m × 0.25mm × 0.25μm; injection port temperature: 300°C, splitless injection; injection volume: 1.0μL, column flow rate: 1.5mL / min (constant flow); programmed temperature rise: start at 60°C and hold for 10 min; increase the temperature to 300°C at 6°C / min and hold for 25 min; mass spectrometry conditions: the ion source was an EI source with an energy of 70eV and a temperature of 230°C, and the data acquisition used an ion scanning mode (SIM).

[0060] Specifically, the rapid solvent extractor used for sample processing had the following instrumental conditions: extraction solvent: acetone:n-hexane (v:v = 1:1); carrier gas pressure: 1.0 MPa; heating temperature: 100°C; extraction cell pressure: 1500 psi; preheating equilibrium time: 5 min; static extraction time: 5 min; solvent elution volume: 70%; nitrogen purge time: 60 s; number of static extractions: 2 times.

[0061] Specifically, the sample was processed using a fully automatic solid phase extractor, and its instrument conditions were as follows: solid phase extraction column: magnesium silicate column; activation solvent: 10.0 mL dichloromethane:n-hexane (v:v = 1:1), 10.0 mL n-hexane; cleaning solvent: 2.0 mL n-hexane; elution solvent: 6.0 mL n-hexane, repeated twice.

[0062] Specifically, the nitrogen blowdown apparatus used for sample processing has the following instrument conditions: nitrogen purity: 99.99%; nitrogen pressure: ≥0.2MPa; flow rate: 0.5-1.0 L / min.

[0063] Specifically, a GC-MS analysis method for normal alkanes quantitative analysis and quality control method were established, including:

[0064] (1) The characteristic quantitative parameters of the pollutant n-alkanes of this method are shown in Table 1 below:

[0065] Table 1 Quantitative parameters of normal alkanes

[0066] (2) The standard curve, correlation coefficient, detection limit, quantification limit and quantification range of the pollutant n-alkanes of this method are shown in Table 2 below:

[0067] Table 2 Standard curve, correlation coefficient, detection limit, quantification limit and quantification range of normal alkanes

[0068] (3) The quality control analysis of the pollutant n-alkanes standard points, blank spike recovery rate, and sample spike recovery rate of this method are shown in Tables 3, 4, and 5.

[0069] Table 3 Standard point test of normal alkanes

[0070] Table 4 Blank spike recovery test

[0071] Table 5 Sample spike recovery test

[0072] Step 3: Use the normal alkane characteristic values ​​of the sample to construct a basic fingerprint of the sample, and normalize the basic fingerprint of the sample to construct a normalized fingerprint, including:

[0073] like Figure 3 The total ion current diagram of the n-alkane pollutants in this example is shown. The pre-treated samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry according to the above instrument conditions for the basin sediment samples and the suspected pollution source samples. The content of n-alkane in the samples was calculated as follows:

[0074] ;

[0075] in, is the content of a certain characteristic pollutant in the sample, in mg / kg; ρ n is the injection concentration of the pollutant calculated from the calibration curve, in mg / L; V is the volume of the concentrated extract, in L; m is the sample size, in kg; W H2O is the moisture content of sediment, in %.

[0076] The content of normal alkanes in the sample is extracted as the normal alkanes characteristic value of the sample, and the set of all normal alkanes characteristic values ​​in the sample is used as the basic fingerprint of the sample. The basic fingerprint results of the sample are used to calculate the normalized characteristic pollutants using the following formula to obtain the normalized fingerprint of the sample:

[0077] ;

[0078] Step 4: Perform angle cosine similarity analysis on the normalized fingerprints of all samples and suspected pollution source samples to analyze significantly related samples and pollution sources;

[0079] Specifically, in this embodiment, the angle cosine similarity calculation formula is as follows:

[0080] ;

[0081] Among them, a i is C in sample a iNormalized characteristic value of characteristic pollutants, b i C corresponding to sample b i Normalized characteristic value of characteristic pollutants. The calculated similarity is the similarity score between sample a and sample b.

[0082] Specifically, in this embodiment, the calculated angle cosine similarity descriptive statistics are shown in Table 6:

[0083] Table 6 Cosine similarity of angles between samples at sampling points and pollution sources

[0084] Step 5: Confirm the pollution source and analyze the pollution status of sediments in the polluted area based on significant correlation;

[0085] The n-alkane fingerprint spectrum of sediments in the middle reaches of the river is highly correlated with the n-alkane fingerprint spectrum of pollution source samples. Meanwhile, the n-alkane fingerprint spectrum of sediments in the upstream and downstream basins does not have this feature.

[0086] Specifically, the average similarity comparison diagram between each section is as follows: Figure 4 It is suspected that the pollution of sediments in the middle reaches has not been completely eliminated. Based on the cosine similarity results of the angle, it is concluded that the middle reaches are highly homologous to pollution source-1.

[0087] Step 6: Conduct pollutant source analysis and pollution degree assessment based on the correlation analysis results;

[0088] From the results of the angle cosine similarity analysis, it can be seen that the section with a higher similarity to the normalized normal alkane fingerprint spectrum of pollution source-1 is the control section of the middle basin, while the samples of the control section and the reduction section have a lower similarity to the pollution source samples. By focusing on the sample groups with similarity>0.80 and similarity>0.70 in the similarity data table, it can be found that all the samples of the midstream control section have a high similarity with the normalized fingerprint spectrum of the pollution source-1 sample, and the normalized fingerprint spectrum of the midstream-1, 2, 4 samples and the pollution source-2 samples also have a high similarity. For all the midstream control section samples, the proportion of similarity>0.80 reached 40%, and the proportion of similarity>0.70 reached 100%. For the samples of the upstream control section, the similarity with the pollution source samples is significantly lower than that of the midstream control section, among which the proportions of similarity>0.80 and similarity>0.70 with the pollution source samples are 0% and 33.3% respectively. The similarity between the downstream reduction section and the pollution source samples is also significantly lower than that between the midstream control section, with the two groups of data with similarity > 0.80 and similarity > 0.70 being 0% and 33.3% respectively.

[0089] Based on the calculation of the similarity data and high similarity ratio above, it can be concluded that the similarity between the upstream control section samples and the downstream reduction section samples and the pollution source is much smaller than that between the midstream control section samples. Taking the three sections as a whole, the similarity data between the sampling points and the pollution source is calculated as error, such as Figure 4 As shown, it can be more intuitively seen that, whether compared with pollution source-1 or pollution source-2, the similarity trend of the middle-reach control section and the pollution source sample intersecting the control section is significantly increased, and then significantly attenuated in the reduction section. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that the normalized fingerprint of n-alkanes in the sediments of the middle reaches of the polluted area has a high correlation with the pollution source samples, while the sediments of the upstream and downstream basins do not have this feature. It is suspected that the pollution of the sediments in the middle reaches of the basin has not been completely eliminated.

[0090] Specifically, in this embodiment, through the analysis and similarity comparison of the characteristic values ​​of normal alkanes, the bottom mud sediment samples of the midstream control section have a high similarity with the suspected pollution source samples. It is inferred that the impact of the sudden pollution incident on the sediments in the polluted basin will continue, and it is recommended to take effective control measures to reduce the pollution risk.

[0091] The present invention uses the angle cosine similarity to analyze the fingerprint spectrum of polluted water sediments affected by sudden pollution incidents, provides technical support for the pollution source tracing analysis of sudden pollution incidents in the water environment and the degree of pollution impact on basin sediments, and provides a prerequisite guarantee for measures such as water environment pollution assessment and comprehensive management.

[0092] The present invention also provides a device for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution events based on normal alkane fingerprints, comprising the following modules:

[0093] The sample acquisition module obtains sediment samples from the polluted area and upstream and downstream areas and samples from suspected pollution sources;

[0094] The module for acquiring the characteristic values ​​of normal alkanes performs GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis on all samples and obtains the characteristic values ​​of normal alkanes of the samples based on the total ion current (TIC);

[0095] A normalization module, which uses the normal alkane characteristic values ​​of the sample to construct a basic fingerprint of the sample, performs normalization processing on the basic fingerprint of the sample, and obtains the normalized characteristic values ​​of the normal alkane of the sample to construct a normalized fingerprint;

[0096] The pollution source confirmation module performs angle cosine similarity analysis on the normalized fingerprints of all samples and suspected pollution source samples, analyzes significant correlations, analyzes significantly correlated samples and pollution sources, and confirms the pollution source;

[0097] The pollution analysis module analyzes the pollution status of sediments in the polluted area based on significant correlation;

[0098] The pollution source tracing and assessment module conducts pollutant source analysis and pollution degree assessment based on correlation results.

[0099] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps of the method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on the normal alkane fingerprint spectrum are implemented.

[0100] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on the normal alkane fingerprint spectrum are implemented.

[0101] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes. The solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in various computer languages, for example, object-oriented programming language Java and interpreted scripting language JavaScript, etc.

[0102] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0103] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0104] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0105] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0106] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprints, characterized in that: include: All samples were subjected to GC-MS analysis, and the n-alkane characteristic values ​​of the samples were obtained based on the total ion current graph; The basic fingerprint of the sample is constructed by using the normal alkane characteristic value of the sample, and the basic fingerprint of the sample is normalized to construct a normalized fingerprint; Perform angle cosine similarity analysis on the normalized fingerprints of all samples and suspected pollution source samples, analyze significantly correlated samples and pollution sources, and confirm the pollution source; Analyze the pollution status of sediments in polluted areas based on significant correlation; Conduct pollutant source analysis and pollution degree assessment based on the correlation analysis results.

2. A method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprints according to claim 1, characterized in that: The characteristic value of normal alkanes in the sample is extracted as the basic fingerprint of the sample, and the characteristic value of the characteristic pollutant includes the content of the characteristic pollutant in the sample.

3. The content of characteristic pollutants in the sample according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation equation is: ； in, is the content of a certain characteristic pollutant in the sample, in mg / kg; ρ n is the injection concentration of the pollutant calculated from the calibration curve, in mg / L; V is the volume of the extract after concentration, in L; m is the sample size, in kg; W H2O is the moisture content of sediment, in %.

4. The method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprint spectrum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The calculation equation for the normalized characteristic value of n-alkanes of the sample includes: 。 5. The method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprint spectrum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The calculation equations for angle cosine similarity analysis include: ； Among them, a i is C in sample a i Normalized characteristic value of characteristic pollutants, b i C corresponding to sample b i The normalized characteristic value of the characteristic pollutant; the calculated similarity is the similarity score between sample a and sample b.

6. The method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprint spectrum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The samples include samples from three areas: the pollution control section, the upstream control section, and the downstream reduction section.

7. A method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprints according to claim 6, characterized in that: At least three samples were collected from each area.

8. A device for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprints, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: The sample acquisition module obtains sediment samples from the polluted area and upstream and downstream areas and samples from suspected pollution sources; The module for acquiring the characteristic values ​​of normal alkanes performs GC-MS analysis on all samples and obtains the characteristic values ​​of normal alkanes of the samples based on the total ion current graph; A normalization module, which uses the normal alkane characteristic values ​​of the sample to construct a basic fingerprint of the sample, performs normalization processing on the basic fingerprint of the sample, and obtains the normalized characteristic values ​​of the normal alkane of the sample to construct a normalized fingerprint; The pollution source confirmation module performs angle cosine similarity analysis on the normalized fingerprints of all samples and suspected pollution source samples, analyzes significant correlations, analyzes significantly correlated samples and pollution sources, and confirms the pollution source; The pollution analysis module analyzes the pollution status of sediments in the polluted area based on significant correlation; The pollution source tracing and assessment module conducts pollutant source analysis and pollution degree assessment based on correlation results.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the steps of the method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprint spectrum described in any one of claims 1-7 are implemented.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for tracing the source of sudden oil pollution incidents based on normal alkane fingerprint spectrum described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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