Low-altitude networking coverage platform and method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a low-altitude networking coverage platform, which comprises a mobile operation device and a small unmanned aerial vehicle, the mobile operation device comprises a first machine body and a first control system, and the first control system is arranged on the first machine body; the small unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a second machine body and a second control system, and the second control system is arranged on the second machine body; and the first machine body and the second machine body are connected through an umbilical cable. The application also provides a low-altitude networking coverage method, which comprises the following steps: obtaining low-altitude networking coverage requirements; determining a fixed position of a large unmanned aerial vehicle according to a signal coverage range of the large unmanned aerial vehicle and the low-altitude networking coverage requirements; controlling the large unmanned aerial vehicle to stay at the fixed position; and controlling a small unmanned aerial vehicle to perform low-altitude networking coverage. The application can flexibly and reliably meet complex and severe emergency communication requirements and realize low-altitude coverage networking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of network communication technology, and in particular relates to a low-altitude networking coverage platform and its method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, emergency communication support procedures for wireless networks mainly include emergency response, temporary restoration, and specialized equipment. However, these procedures have significant limitations in practical applications. Emergency response plans, designed based on specific scenarios and existing conditions, can restore wireless networks and provide emergency communication to a certain extent. However, these plans rely heavily on the on-site environment and infrastructure, making it impossible to provide continuous and stable network coverage when unattended. In the event of a sudden emergency, the timeliness and effectiveness of network restoration are often severely affected.

[0003] Temporary activation solutions mobilize existing operator resources, utilizing emergency communication vehicles and low-altitude drones to quickly activate the network on-site. These solutions rely on the arrival and operation of on-site personnel and cannot achieve complete unattended operation. Although technical designs strive to improve flexibility, stability, and reliability, achieving a certain level of low-cost, immediate activation, in extreme cases, personnel may not be able to arrive in time, leading to network support delays and consequently affecting the effectiveness of the entire emergency communication system.

[0004] Special equipment support solutions involve medium-altitude long-endurance UAVs, airships, and satellites, which typically require unified deployment and exceed the operator's independent deployment capabilities. These solutions usually require significant investment and are primarily suitable for basic service support under extreme conditions, making it difficult to meet the needs of comprehensive application services. More importantly, existing technologies are inadequate in responding to emergencies and temporarily covering other areas, failing to provide timely and effective solutions.

[0005] In extreme situations where immediate on-site arrival is impossible, existing solutions fail to effectively address the need for fixed-point coverage in specific areas. When personnel and supplies cannot arrive promptly, unmanned equipment, particularly unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), can penetrate the front lines for remote control or autonomous networking, thereby achieving wireless and 4G / 5G network coverage. However, this method remains limited by technological constraints and conditions, unable to overcome the significant challenges of severe infrastructure damage and prolonged periods without sustained coverage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more flexible and reliable low-altitude networking coverage solutions to meet complex and demanding emergency communication needs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a low-altitude network coverage platform and method. This platform can flexibly and reliably meet complex and severe emergency communication needs, achieving low-altitude coverage networking.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a low-altitude network coverage platform, the platform including mobile operating equipment and small unmanned aerial vehicles;

[0008] The mobile operating equipment includes a first body and a first control system, wherein the first control system is disposed on the first body;

[0009] The small unmanned aerial vehicle includes a second body and a second control system, wherein the second control system is located on the second body;

[0010] The first body and the second body are connected by an umbilical cable.

[0011] Furthermore, the mobile operation equipment is a large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV);

[0012] The platform also includes a lithium battery energy storage system, a hybrid power system, a fuel tank and unmanned refueling system, an energy control and transmission system, an antenna and satellite transmission system, a base station and wireless baseband system, and a wireless network signal source and control system.

[0013] The lithium battery energy storage system is installed on the large drone and is used to provide power to the large drone and the small drone.

[0014] The hybrid power system is installed on a large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and is used to store fuel.

[0015] The energy control and transmission system is electrically connected to the large drone and the small drone respectively, and is used to monitor and manage the energy of the large drone and the small drone.

[0016] The antenna and satellite transmission system are mounted on the large UAV and are used to provide data transmission between the large UAV and the ground control system.

[0017] The base station and wireless baseband system are installed on large drones and are used for network baseband control, wireless network and core network interaction control, wireless network data interaction, and control and interaction between large drones and small drones.

[0018] The wireless network signal source and control system is mounted on a small drone and is used for basic encoding and decoding of wireless signals, wireless radio frequency coverage, and wireless radio frequency direction control.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention provides a low-altitude network coverage method, the method being based on the low-altitude network coverage platform described in the first aspect, the method comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step S1: Obtain low-altitude network coverage requirements;

[0021] Step S2: Determine the fixed location of the mobile operation equipment based on its signal coverage range and the low-altitude network coverage requirements;

[0022] Step S3: Control the mobile operation equipment to stay at the fixed position, and control the small drone to conduct low-altitude network coverage.

[0023] Furthermore, the control of small drones for low-altitude network coverage specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] Step S31: Set the radio frequency power and beam pattern of the small drone;

[0025] Step S32: Based on the radio frequency power and beam pattern matching, the terrain within the low-altitude network coverage area is matched to obtain the flight coverage model;

[0026] Step S33: Perform dynamic intelligent matching between the flight coverage model and the UAV attitude model to obtain intelligent optimization results;

[0027] Step S34: Based on the intelligent optimization results, achieve low-altitude network coverage.

[0028] Further, step S31 specifically includes the following steps:

[0029] The radio frequency power of the small drone is set; and the beam pattern of the small drone is selected.

[0030] Setting the radio frequency power of the small drone specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] Step A1: Calculate the free space loss based on the communication distance and operating frequency;

[0032] The formula for calculating the free space loss L is as follows:

[0033] L = 20 * log(D) + 20 * log(F) band +32.4;

[0034] Where D represents the communication distance, F band This represents the operating frequency, and log() represents the logarithmic function to the base 10.

[0035] Step A2: Based on the free space loss, set an initial transmit power; wherein, the initial transmit power Pinitial Satisfy the following formula:

[0036] P initial ≥(R min +L);

[0037] Among them, R min For receiving sensitivity;

[0038] Step A3: Obtain the received signal strength P based on the initial transmit power. received ;

[0039] Step A4: Determine the received signal strength P received Is it higher than the receiver sensitivity R? min :

[0040] If the received signal strength P received Not higher than the receiver sensitivity R min Repeat steps A2 to A4 until the received signal strength P received Higher than the receiver sensitivity R min If the received signal strength P received Higher than the receiver sensitivity R min Then, the initial transmit power is set as the target transmit power to complete the radio frequency power setting.

[0041] Furthermore, the beam pattern selection for the small UAV specifically involves:

[0042] Based on the Pattern SCENARIO0-14 environment, the beam pattern of the small UAV is selected;

[0043] The Pattern SCENARIO0-14 environments specifically include: SCENARIO1 dense urban environment, SCENARIO2 urban fringe environment, SCENARIO3 open highland environment, SCENARIO4 rural area environment, SCENARIO5 environment with mountains or vegetation, SCENARIO6 environment with water bodies, SCENARIO7 open highland environment, SCENARIO8 commercial area environment, SCENARIO9 school area environment, SCENARIO10 airport area environment, SCENARIO11 industrial area environment, SCENARIO12 night patrol environment, SCENARIO13 disaster relief environment, and SCENARIO14 telemedicine environment.

[0044] Further, step S32 specifically includes the following steps:

[0045] Step S321: Adjust the horizontal distance, horizontal beam half-power angle, and vertical beam half-power angle between the small drone and the coverage area according to the radio frequency power and beam pattern;

[0046] Step S322: Calculate the maximum flight altitude of the small drone based on the horizontal distance between the small drone and the coverage area, the horizontal beam half-power angle, and the vertical beam half-power angle;

[0047] H max =D h *cos[(A hor A ver ) max ];

[0048] Among them, D h This represents the horizontal distance between the small drone and the coverage area; cos() represents the cosine function.

[0049] A hor Indicates the horizontal beam half-power angle;

[0050] A ver Indicates the vertical beam half-power angle;

[0051] (A hor A ver ) max This indicates taking the maximum value of the horizontal beam half-power angle and the vertical beam half-power angle;

[0052] Step S323: Calculate the maximum axis length AX based on the maximum flight altitude of the small UAV. max and minimum axis length AX min ;

[0053] Maximum axis length AX max The calculation formula is as follows:

[0054] AX max =H max *tan[A hor A ver ] max ;

[0055] Minimum axis length AX min The calculation formula is as follows:

[0056] AX min =H max *tan[A hor A ver ] max ;

[0057] Where tan() represents the tangent function;

[0058] Step S324: Based on the maximum shaft length AX max and minimum axis length AX min This results in the coverage shadow of a small drone;

[0059] Among them, the shadows covered by small drones are circular or elliptical;

[0060] Step S325: Determine whether the coverage shadow of the small drone is greater than or equal to the area to be covered:

[0061] If the coverage shadow of the small drone is smaller than the area to be covered, repeat steps S321 to S325 until the coverage shadow of the small drone is greater than or equal to the area to be covered; if the coverage shadow of the small drone is greater than or equal to the area to be covered, determine the coverage shadow model of the small drone as the target model, that is, obtain the flight coverage model.

[0062] Furthermore, step S33 specifically includes the following steps:

[0063] Step S331: Randomly select a set of matching schemes, the matching schemes including flight coverage model and UAV attitude model;

[0064] Step S332: Evaluate the fitness value of the matching scheme;

[0065] Step S333: Select the matching scheme with the highest fitness value and use it as the parent generation for breeding;

[0066] Step S334: Perform crossover and mutation operations on the pose parameters and coverage strategy of the parent individuals to generate new matching schemes and select the best one;

[0067] Step S335: Repeat steps S331 to S334 until a matching scheme that meets the requirements is found or a preset stopping condition is reached.

[0068] Step S336: The matching scheme that meets the requirements or the matching scheme that reaches the preset stopping condition is taken as the final target matching scheme, thus obtaining the intelligent optimization result.

[0069] Furthermore, after step S3, the method further includes step S4;

[0070] Step S4: Adjust the energy supply of the small UAV according to the environment and number of connections covered by the low-altitude network.

[0071] Furthermore, step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0072] Step S41: Based on the environment and number of connections of the low-altitude network coverage, the energy consumption is divided into four levels;

[0073] In urban coverage, urban emergency response, and suburban emergency response environments, network connectivity is divided into different power consumption levels: power consumption level 0 indicates no connection, power consumption level 1 indicates the number of connections is between 1 and 10, power consumption level 2 indicates the number of connections is between 10 and 30 and the throughput is greater than 500Mbps, and power consumption level 3 indicates the number of connections exceeds 30 and the throughput is greater than 1Gbps.

[0074] In suburban coverage, rural coverage, and rural emergency environments, network connectivity is divided into different power consumption levels: power consumption level 0 indicates no connectivity, power consumption level 1 indicates the number of connections is between 1 and 5, power consumption level 2 indicates the number of connections is between 5 and 15 and the throughput is greater than 300Mbps, and power consumption level 3 indicates the number of connections exceeds 15 and the throughput is greater than 500Mbps.

[0075] In mountainous areas and emergency environments, network connectivity is divided into different power consumption levels: power consumption level 0 indicates no connection, power consumption level 1 indicates the number of connections is between 1 and 5, power consumption level 2 indicates the number of connections is between 5 and 10 and the throughput is greater than 100Mbps, and power consumption level 3 indicates the number of connections is greater than 10 and the throughput is greater than 300Mbps.

[0076] Step S42: Based on the energy consumption level, control the mobile operation equipment to adjust the energy supply to the small drone.

[0077] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0078] 1. Flexible and reliable emergency communication capabilities

[0079] This invention consists of mobile operating equipment (including large drones) and small drones, which can flexibly and reliably conduct low-altitude networking in complex and harsh environments, and is particularly suitable for hard-to-reach areas and rapid recovery in emergency situations.

[0080] 2. Highly efficient coverage

[0081] This invention can quickly provide wireless network coverage over a large area, fully meeting diverse application needs, and performs particularly well during disasters.

[0082] 3. Flexible deployment methods

[0083] This invention combines mobile operating equipment (including large drones) with small drones, enabling flexible adjustment of flight paths and altitudes according to different terrains and environmental characteristics to meet diverse needs.

[0084] 4. Enhanced battery life

[0085] The mobile work equipment is equipped with a lithium battery energy storage system and a hybrid power system, which can provide power for itself and small drones for a long time and ensure continuous network service.

[0086] 5. Real-time monitoring and management

[0087] The energy control and transmission system equipped with this invention can monitor and manage energy use in real time, improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce operating costs.

[0088] 6. High-efficiency data transmission

[0089] The design of the antenna and satellite transmission system ensures efficient data transmission between mobile operating equipment and the ground control system, meeting the needs of applications requiring high bandwidth.

[0090] 7. Intelligent autonomous control

[0091] The wireless network source and control system carried on small drones can encode and decode wireless signals and provide radio frequency coverage, thereby improving the system's intelligence level and supporting the execution of more complex tasks.

[0092] 8. Emergency response capabilities and low-cost maintenance

[0093] This invention enables rapid deployment and quick response in catastrophic events or emergencies. Simultaneously, the use of a drone platform for information transmission and network coverage significantly reduces maintenance and deployment costs and minimizes reliance on manual operation. Attached Figure Description

[0094] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the low-altitude network coverage platform architecture in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0095] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the basic platform structure of a large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0096] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform and the small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0097] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view showing the connection between the large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform and the small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0098] Figure 5 This is a data flow diagram of the low-altitude network coverage platform in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0099] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of low-altitude network coverage in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0100] Figure 7This is a top view of the structure of the large-scale basic platform (large unmanned aerial vehicle platform) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0101] Figure 8 This is a structural side view of the large-scale basic platform (large unmanned aerial vehicle platform) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0102] Figure 9 This is a top view of the structure of the small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) auxiliary platform (small UAV platform) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0103] Figure 10 This is a structural side view of the small drone auxiliary platform (small drone platform) in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0104] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0105] It is understood that the specific embodiments and accompanying drawings described herein are merely for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0106] It is understood that, without conflict, the various embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0107] It is understood that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while the parts unrelated to the present invention are not shown in the drawings.

[0108] It is understood that each unit or module involved in the embodiments of the present invention may correspond to only one entity structure, or may be composed of multiple entity structures, or multiple units or modules may be integrated into one entity structure.

[0109] It is understood that, without conflict, the functions and steps marked in the flowcharts and block diagrams of this invention may occur in a different order than that marked in the accompanying drawings.

[0110] It is understood that the flowcharts and block diagrams of this invention illustrate the possible architecture, functions, and operations of systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods according to various embodiments of this invention. Each block in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a unit, module, program segment, or code, containing executable instructions for implementing the specified function. Furthermore, each block or combination of blocks in the block diagram and flowchart can be implemented using a hardware-based system to achieve the specified function, or using a combination of hardware and computer instructions.

[0111] It is understood that the units and modules involved in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by software or by hardware. For example, the units and modules can be located in a processor.

[0112] Example 1:

[0113] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a low-altitude network coverage platform, which includes mobile operation equipment and small drones. Mobile operation equipment refers to devices capable of flexibly moving and performing specific tasks in various environments, aiming to improve work efficiency and adaptability. These devices are diverse, including drones, specialized vehicles, and handcarts. Drones, as an important type of mobile operation equipment, can perform aerial monitoring, data collection, and transportation, making them particularly suitable for areas with complex terrain or those difficult for humans to reach. Specialized vehicles are customized according to the needs of specific industries, enabling efficient transportation of goods or personnel to meet specific operational requirements. Handcarts are simple and practical mobile tools suitable for moving items within a small area, facilitating operation and management. The low-altitude network coverage platform of this embodiment is based on this concept, combining the advantages of mobile operation equipment and small drones. The platform consists of a mobile operation equipment equipped with a first body and a first control system, and a small drone equipped with a second body and a second control system. Connected by an umbilical cable, the mobile operation equipment and the small drone can achieve efficient collaborative operation, enhancing the platform's functionality and flexibility. This combination not only improves operational efficiency but also expands application scenarios, making operations in complex environments more convenient and efficient. This embodiment primarily focuses on the use of large drones as mobile work equipment. While the specific details of other mobile work equipment such as specialized vehicles and handcarts are not described, these devices are also within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0114] Specifically, the low-altitude networking coverage platform in this embodiment includes mobile operation equipment and small drones;

[0115] The mobile operating equipment includes a first body and a first control system, wherein the first control system is disposed on the first body;

[0116] The small unmanned aerial vehicle includes a second body and a second control system, wherein the second control system is located on the second body;

[0117] The first body and the second body are connected by an umbilical cable.

[0118] This embodiment relates to a low-altitude drone coverage platform for 4G / 5G networks, primarily targeting sudden and emergency situations or temporary coverage needs. This solution is particularly suitable for scenarios where timely on-site arrival is impossible in extreme circumstances, providing a fixed-point coverage solution for specific areas when large-scale coverage is not required. The final implementation of the solution is based on common situations encountered during frontline emergency support, where manpower and resources cannot arrive in a timely manner. Drones (UAVs) and other equipment are used to penetrate deep into the front lines, implementing remote or autonomous wireless network and 4G / 5G network coverage.

[0119] To effectively address special coverage needs or emergency coverage requirements at the front lines, this embodiment innovatively achieves autonomous deployment and remote control operation of drones. This solution overcomes limitations such as difficulty in rapid on-site arrival, severe infrastructure damage, and the need for sustained long-term coverage, maximizing the use of unmanned equipment to achieve coverage in both forward and peripheral areas. The solution not only possesses the networking capability for wireless Wi-Fi service but also supports 4G / 5G network deployment, thereby meeting the network communication needs of the front lines as much as possible and achieving the overall goals of timely arrival, networking, and service, maximizing the flexible networking and wireless service capabilities at the front lines.

[0120] In one specific implementation scheme, the mobile operation equipment is a large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); the first body is an octagonal payload UAV body; the second body is an octagonal UAV body or a quadcopter UAV body. Designing the first body as an octagonal payload UAV and the second body as an octagonal or quadcopter UAV provides significant flexibility and versatility. The octagonal payload UAV, with its powerful load-bearing capacity and redundant design, can provide higher stability and flight safety when transporting heavy loads or performing complex tasks. The multiple options for the second UAV body allow the system to be flexibly adjusted according to specific task requirements, efficiently completing tasks whether it's high-load logistics transportation or lightweight detection and monitoring operations. This design not only improves operational efficiency but also provides optimized solutions for different application scenarios, aiming to achieve wider application and better task execution capabilities. The body design of the octagonal or quadcopter UAV utilizes existing technology and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0121] The platform also includes a lithium battery energy storage system, a hybrid power system, a fuel tank and unmanned refueling system, an energy control and transmission system, an antenna and satellite transmission system, a base station and wireless baseband system, and a wireless network signal source and control system.

[0122] The lithium battery energy storage system is installed on the large drone and is used to provide power to the large drone and the small drone.

[0123] The hybrid power system is installed on a large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and is used to store fuel.

[0124] The energy control and transmission system is electrically connected to the large drone and the small drone respectively, and is used to monitor and manage the energy of the large drone and the small drone.

[0125] The antenna and satellite transmission system are mounted on the large UAV and are used to provide data transmission between the large UAV and the ground control system.

[0126] The base station and wireless baseband system are installed on large drones and are used for network baseband control, wireless network and core network interaction control, wireless network data interaction, and control and interaction between large drones and small drones.

[0127] The wireless network signal source and control system is mounted on a small drone and is used for basic encoding and decoding of wireless signals, wireless radio frequency coverage, and wireless radio frequency direction control.

[0128] Suppose a severe earthquake occurs in a certain region, and in order to quickly restore communication connections and assist rescue operations, an emergency deployment of a low-altitude coverage network is carried out. This network consists of large and small drones, along with a series of complex systems and components. The specific operation process is as follows:

[0129] 1. Preparation stage

[0130] System Initialization: Upon receiving notification of the earthquake disaster, the rescue command center immediately activated the UAV low-altitude network coverage platform. Large and small UAVs were configured and underwent necessary system checks to ensure all equipment was functioning properly.

[0131] 2. Launch Phase

[0132] Drone Launch: Large and small drones take off from the base. The large drones carry the necessary energy and communication equipment and fly to the designated area; the small drones are connected to the large drones via umbilical cables to obtain energy and control signals during flight.

[0133] 3. Energy Management

[0134] Lithium-ion battery energy storage system: Large drones are equipped with lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, which are responsible for providing continuous power support to large drones and small drones connected via umbilical cables, ensuring that both types of drones can operate for a long time without an external power source.

[0135] Hybrid power system: The hybrid power system in large drones serves as a backup power system, providing additional power support when the lithium battery is low.

[0136] Fuel tank and unmanned refueling system: This system allows large drones to refuel themselves via built-in fuel tanks during long-duration flight missions, thus enabling them to maintain flight for extended periods without landing.

[0137] Energy control and transmission system: This system ensures that energy is allocated reasonably between large and small drones, prioritizing drones with emergency missions to have sufficient power support.

[0138] 4. Communication and Data Transmission

[0139] Antenna and satellite transmission system: This system, mounted on a large UAV, is responsible for collecting and transmitting monitoring data from the UAV to the ground control center, ensuring that the command center receives the latest information from the disaster area in real time.

[0140] Base station and wireless baseband system: This system, mounted on a large drone, supports rescue communications within the disaster area and with the outside world. It ensures network communication even if ground infrastructure is completely paralyzed.

[0141] 5. Wireless network coverage

[0142] Wireless Network Source and Control System: This system, mounted on a small drone, is responsible for providing wireless network signal coverage in low-altitude areas, especially in areas where communication infrastructure is severely damaged. The small drone provides temporary wireless networks by flying through signal blind spots to support the communication needs of rescue forces.

[0143] Through the coordinated operation of the above stages, the low-altitude coverage network can effectively restore communication functions in disaster areas and support the smooth progress of rescue operations.

[0144] The main focus of this embodiment is wireless network coverage technology. This embodiment utilizes existing unmanned equipment to complete the task of establishing a wireless network in a specific area. The basic platform adopts a large, heavy-duty unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, while the auxiliary platform is a small UAV system. The two platforms undertake different tasks: the large, heavy-duty UAV is mainly responsible for area transportation, ground support, and refueling, while the auxiliary small UAV accompanies the heavy platform into the forward area, performing low-altitude coverage tasks via cable connection. This dual-platform design greatly expands the service support capabilities of the wireless network, maximizing wireless network coverage in complex and dangerous areas.

[0145] In this embodiment, the large-scale heavy-duty unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform serves as the foundational platform for the entire system, responsible for overall system transportation, base station deployment, power environment assurance, data backhaul, and base station main control assurance. Its main components include: flight structure and flight control system, lithium battery energy storage system, hybrid fuel system, fuel tank and unmanned refueling system, energy control and transmission system, antenna and satellite transmission system, and base station and wireless baseband system. Specific functions are as follows:

[0146] (1) Flight structure and flight control system: including UAV flight control, transportation and other functions, consisting of UAV frame, motor, electronic control system and flight control module.

[0147] (2) Lithium battery energy storage system: mainly responsible for energy storage, providing power for drive system, base station transmission system and auxiliary small drone platform.

[0148] (3) Hybrid power system: responsible for providing a continuous power supply, mainly composed of gasoline power generation system.

[0149] (4) Fuel tank and unmanned refueling system: Stores fuel and enables unmanned refueling through coordination between drones, providing continuous energy for the system.

[0150] (5) Energy control and transmission system: to carry out energy distribution and control, and to ensure the effective transmission of electricity and signals.

[0151] (6) Antenna and satellite transmission system: responsible for base station data backhaul, satellite link communication, etc., providing complete bit backhaul for the entire wireless system.

[0152] (7) Base station and wireless baseband system: responsible for 5G / 4G network baseband control, wireless network and core network interaction and data interaction, and control and data exchange with auxiliary small unmanned aerial vehicle system.

[0153] The auxiliary small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system plays a crucial role in this solution, undertaking the tasks of achieving coverage capability and ensuring continuous coverage. Its main components include: flight structure and flight control system, wireless network signal source and control system, and cabling system. The design philosophy is extreme simplification, flexibility, and efficiency, ensuring that while achieving wireless network coverage at low altitudes, the energy consumption of the small UAV platform is minimized, system efficiency is improved, and maximum coverage performance and endurance are achieved.

[0154] (1) Flight structure and flight control system: Similar to large UAVs, it includes functions such as UAV flight control and transportation, and consists of UAV frame, electric motor and flight control module.

[0155] (2) Wireless network signal source and control system: including baseband signal processing, wireless radio frequency unit and control unit, mainly responsible for wireless signal encoding and decoding, radio frequency coverage and direction control.

[0156] (3) Cable system: responsible for the transmission of digital information and power, using optoelectronic composite cables to connect large UAVs and small UAVs, ensuring information transmission and power supply for small platforms.

[0157] As one specific implementation, the large drone is an octagonal payload drone; the small drone is an octagonal drone or a quadcopter drone.

[0158] The wireless network drone low-altitude coverage solution involved in this embodiment mainly includes a large drone base platform and a small drone auxiliary platform. The overall functional area of ​​the system includes three parts: an energy support system, a flight propulsion mechanism, and a 4 / 5G data system.

[0159] The energy security system, designed for deployment only on large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms, includes a hybrid power generation system, a lithium battery energy structure, a fuel storage system, and a fuel replenishment system. To ensure power supply, the entire system employs a series configuration. Specifically... Figure 2 As shown.

[0160] The power system implemented here adopts a series hybrid power supply. A key feature of this system is the integration of 4 / 5G energy management into the overall energy system. Under normal circumstances, the 4 / 5G system of the large drone platform is in a dormant or powered-off state during transport; this module is activated after deployment. This is the first time that a 4 / 5G base station system drone energy management method and algorithm have been used. Firstly, the algorithm sets up coverage scenarios, including urban coverage, suburban coverage, mountainous coverage, rural coverage, urban emergency response, suburban emergency response, mountain emergency response, and rural emergency response. Then, during the overall coverage process, the power consumption is categorized into four levels based on the number of connected users and overall traffic.

[0161] Urban coverage, urban emergency response, suburban emergency response: 0 connections (idle, power consumption level 0); 1-10 connections (stable, power consumption level 1); 10-30 connections, throughput >500Mbps (advanced, power consumption level 2); 30 connections or more, throughput >1Gbps (maximum, power consumption level 3).

[0162] Suburban coverage, rural coverage, rural emergency response: 0 connections (idle, power consumption level 0); 1-5 connections (stable, power consumption level 1); 5-15 connections, throughput >300Mbps (advanced, power consumption level 2); 15 connections or more, throughput >500Mbps (maximum, power consumption level 3).

[0163] Mountainous area coverage and emergency response: 0 connections (idle, power consumption level 0); 1-5 connections (stable, power consumption level 1); 5-10 connections, throughput >100Mbps (advanced, power consumption level 2); 10 connections or more, throughput >300Mbps (maximum, power consumption level 3).

[0164] The energy management system centrally controls the power energy control system, power battery management system, and flight control system based on the energy consumption data provided by the 4 / 5G energy management system, thereby regulating energy supply and consumption.

[0165] Simultaneously, the system redesigns and adjusts the overall energy hardware system. Energy and information for both large and small UAV platforms are primarily managed via wired connections. This umbilical connection method mainly consists of metal power cables and fiber optic data transmission cables. To reduce cable weight while maintaining strength, an outer sheath is not required; instead, the cables and optical fibers are bundled together. Specifically... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the connection between a large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform and a small UAV platform. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view showing the connection between the large and small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms.

[0166] Furthermore, to better leverage the system's continuity and endurance, the fuel storage module and power control conversion module are designed to enable the drone refueling system and external power supply capabilities. The drone in-flight refueling system features a funnel-shaped in-flight fuel refueling system designed on the large drone platform. This platform can refuel remotely via an aerial cable from the drone. The funnel-shaped device has an electromagnetic system at its bottom that can be electrically attracted and refueled when the aerial fuel pipeline approaches. The external power supply includes a reserved 220V power interface, ensuring reliable on-site power access.

[0167] Furthermore, the design of the flight propulsion mechanism is based on the overall platform capability requirements. Large UAV platforms utilize 8-axis payload UAVs, while small UAV platforms employ either 8-axis or 4-axis UAV platforms. Each UAV platform can be controlled remotely by a flight control system. A large UAV can carry a small UAV platform, and two UAV platforms can also fly together under the control of the same flight control system.

[0168] The 4 / 5G data system is the overall network coverage service system of this platform. This platform mainly consists of a satellite data transmission system, a base station system, and a signal source system. The main design concept of this platform is to provide better long-distance coverage quality and sustainable coverage capabilities. The data flow of this platform is illustrated below. Figure 5 As shown.

[0169] pass Figure 5The system data flow diagram shown indicates that service data is primarily transmitted via satellite channels or fiber optic wired channels, and converted and sent through the base station equipment and data forwarding equipment of the large UAV platform. After receiving the corresponding data and signaling, the small UAV platform transmits wireless radio frequency signals through the signal source equipment to serve 5G user access.

[0170] The platform in this embodiment includes a large basic platform and a small drone-assisted platform. Figure 7 This is a top-down view of the structure of a large-scale basic platform (large unmanned aerial vehicle platform). Figure 8 This is a structural side view of a large-scale basic platform (large unmanned aerial vehicle platform). Specifically, as shown... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the main structure of the large-scale basic platform includes several key components working in tandem to achieve efficient low-altitude coverage missions. The platform's flight mechanism and flight control system are responsible for the stable flight and precise navigation control of the UAV, ensuring it executes its mission along a predetermined path. The fuel replenishment system, along with the fuel tank and battery system, provides power, guaranteeing the platform's long-term operation and endurance. A smaller platform, carrying a reinforced base, supports and assists the UAV, ensuring its stability and safety during flight. The satellite terminal and data transmission system enables data exchange with the ground control center, ensuring real-time information transmission. The hybrid drive and energy storage system integrates fuel and electric power, optimizing overall energy management. The base station and main control baseband system provide control and support for the entire communication network, enabling effective transmission and reception of wireless signals. The top platform is designed to carry additional equipment, allowing for flexible configuration according to mission needs and enhancing the system's adaptability. A fiber optic composite cable enables data and power transmission between modules, ensuring efficient collaboration among system components. The satellite terminal antenna enhances signal reception and transmission capabilities, further improving communication stability. Finally, the equipment bay houses electronic and communication equipment, while the system support structure ensures the overall structural stability and guarantees normal operation of the system in various environments. All components are interconnected via power and data transmission networks to form a complete working system, collaboratively achieving efficient and stable low-altitude coverage capabilities for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0171] Figure 9 This is a top view of the structure of a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) auxiliary platform (or small UAV platform). Figure 10 This is a structural side view of a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) support platform (or small UAV platform). Specifically, as shown... Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the main structure of the small UAV auxiliary platform includes several key components, which work together to achieve efficient mission execution and operational stability. An optical-electric composite cable is used for bidirectional power and data transmission between the UAV and the base platform, ensuring efficient communication and energy supply between modules. The top platform is designed to carry additional equipment or sensors, enhancing the functionality of the small UAV and improving its adaptability to different tasks. The antenna source antenna is responsible for receiving and transmitting wireless signals, ensuring stable communication between the UAV and the ground control center. The baseband source equipment processes the baseband signals of the wireless signals, performing signal encoding, decoding, and control, improving the effectiveness and reliability of data transmission. The flight mechanism and flight control system are responsible for the flight stability and directional control of the small UAV, ensuring it maintains a precise flight trajectory during mission execution. Optional battery storage provides additional power support, improving the system's endurance and extending the UAV's operating time. The system bracket provides structural support for each component, ensuring the overall stability and safety of the system. The small platform's reinforced mounting provides reliable support for the installation of the small UAV, ensuring its safety and stability during flight. The various structures are effectively connected by optical fiber composite cables, ensuring a sustainable energy supply and information flow during mission execution, making the entire small UAV auxiliary platform a highly integrated, flexible and efficient operating unit.

[0172] This embodiment demonstrates an innovative unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system designed to achieve a balance between mobility and flexibility, possessing long-term stable remote coverage capabilities, making it particularly suitable for the coverage needs of emergency support networks. This platform can achieve unmanned remote coverage under extreme conditions, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of wireless network services.

[0173] The solution in this embodiment adopts a dual-platform design. The large base platform provides the necessary transportation capabilities and communication support with its excellent load-bearing capacity, endurance, and power guarantee. The small UAV auxiliary platform, on the other hand, provides highly mobile network coverage capabilities by utilizing its flexibility.

[0174] This embodiment not only ensures the coverage of the wireless network but also achieves comprehensive deployment capabilities with unmanned management. This solution is specifically designed to address conditions in extreme future scenarios where human intervention is impossible, utilizing drones for remote support to ensure network coverage in inaccessible areas. In high-risk and difficult-to-reach environments, the system can flexibly deploy unmanned coverage operations.

[0175] Furthermore, this embodiment also focuses on strategies for long-term dwell time and stable coverage. While considering overall performance and design specifications, it fully considers the long-term stability and reliability of the wireless network in various scenarios. By implementing a hybrid power system, the complexity and weight of the small platform are simplified, achieving integrated power supply capabilities across different platforms. Simultaneously, a comprehensive refueling system is designed to ensure the continuous operation of the drone.

[0176] Finally, this embodiment integrates a stable solution for satellite transmission, base station deployment, and source separation, aiming to improve the stability and reliability of wireless network coverage. The satellite terminal system is used to achieve transmission coverage in remote areas, significantly simplifying the design of the aerial platform, while the base stations and power systems, which have higher environmental requirements, are set up on stable large ground platforms, further enhancing the reliability of the entire system.

[0177] In summary, this embodiment provides an efficient and reliable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system solution that can ensure stable wireless network coverage and unmanned management capabilities under various extreme conditions.

[0178] Example 2:

[0179] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a low-altitude network coverage method. The method is based on the low-altitude network coverage platform described in Embodiment 1, and includes the following steps:

[0180] Step S1: Obtain low-altitude network coverage requirements;

[0181] Step S2: Determine the fixed location of the mobile operation equipment based on its signal coverage range and the low-altitude network coverage requirements;

[0182] Step S3: Control the mobile operation equipment to stay at the fixed position, and control the small drone to conduct low-altitude network coverage.

[0183] As a specific implementation method, controlling small drones to perform low-altitude network coverage specifically includes the following steps:

[0184] Step S31: Set the radio frequency power and beam pattern of the small drone;

[0185] Step S32: Based on the radio frequency power and beam pattern matching, the terrain within the low-altitude network coverage area is matched to obtain the flight coverage model;

[0186] Step S33: Perform dynamic intelligent matching between the flight coverage model and the UAV attitude model to obtain intelligent optimization results;

[0187] Step S34: Based on the intelligent optimization results, achieve low-altitude network coverage.

[0188] As a specific implementation method, step S31 specifically includes the following steps:

[0189] The radio frequency power of the small drone is set; and the beam pattern of the small drone is selected.

[0190] Setting the radio frequency power of the small drone specifically includes the following steps:

[0191] Step A1: Calculate the free space loss based on the communication distance and operating frequency;

[0192] The formula for calculating the free space loss L is as follows:

[0193] L = 20 * log(D) + 20 * log(F) band +32.4;

[0194] Where D represents the communication distance, F band This represents the operating frequency, and log() represents the logarithmic function to the base 10.

[0195] Step A2: Based on the free space loss, set an initial transmit power; wherein, the initial transmit power P initial Satisfy the following formula:

[0196] P initial ≥(R min +L);

[0197] Among them, R min For receiving sensitivity;

[0198] Step A3: Obtain the received signal strength P based on the initial transmit power. received ;

[0199] Step A4: Determine the received signal strength P received Is it higher than the receiver sensitivity R? min :

[0200] If the received signal strength P received Not higher than the receiver sensitivity R min Repeat steps A2 to A4 until the received signal strength P received Higher than the receiver sensitivity R min If the received signal strength P received Higher than the receiver sensitivity R min Then, the initial transmit power is set as the target transmit power to complete the radio frequency power setting.

[0201] As a specific implementation method, the beam pattern selection for the small UAV specifically includes:

[0202] Based on the Pattern SCENARIO0-14 environment, the beam pattern of the small UAV is selected;

[0203] The Pattern SCENARIO0-14 environments specifically include: SCENARIO1 dense urban environment, SCENARIO2 urban fringe environment, SCENARIO3 open highland environment, SCENARIO4 rural area environment, SCENARIO5 environment with mountains or vegetation, SCENARIO6 environment with water bodies, SCENARIO7 open highland environment, SCENARIO8 commercial area environment, SCENARIO9 school area environment, SCENARIO10 airport area environment, SCENARIO11 industrial area environment, SCENARIO12 night patrol environment, SCENARIO13 disaster relief environment, and SCENARIO14 telemedicine environment.

[0204] As a specific implementation method, step S32 specifically includes the following steps:

[0205] Step S321: Adjust the horizontal distance, horizontal beam half-power angle, and vertical beam half-power angle between the small drone and the coverage area according to the radio frequency power and beam pattern;

[0206] Step S322: Calculate the maximum flight altitude of the small drone based on the horizontal distance between the small drone and the coverage area, the horizontal beam half-power angle, and the vertical beam half-power angle;

[0207] H max =D h *cos[(A hor A ver ) max ];

[0208] Among them, D h This represents the horizontal distance between the small drone and the coverage area; cos() represents the cosine function.

[0209] A hor Indicates the horizontal beam half-power angle;

[0210] A ver Indicates the vertical beam half-power angle;

[0211] (A hor A ver ) max This indicates taking the maximum value of the horizontal beam half-power angle and the vertical beam half-power angle;

[0212] Step S323: Calculate the maximum axis length AX based on the maximum flight altitude of the small UAV.max and minimum axis length AX min ;

[0213] Maximum axis length AX max The calculation formula is as follows:

[0214] AX max =H max *tan[A hor A ver ] max ;

[0215] Minimum axis length AX min The calculation formula is as follows:

[0216] AX min =H max *tan[A hor A ver ] max ;

[0217] Where tan() represents the tangent function;

[0218] Step S324: Based on the maximum shaft length AX max and minimum axis length AX min This results in the coverage shadow of a small drone;

[0219] Among them, the shadows covered by small drones are circular or elliptical;

[0220] Step S325: Determine whether the coverage shadow of the small drone is greater than or equal to the area to be covered:

[0221] If the coverage shadow of the small drone is smaller than the area to be covered, repeat steps S321 to S325 until the coverage shadow of the small drone is greater than or equal to the area to be covered; if the coverage shadow of the small drone is greater than or equal to the area to be covered, determine the coverage shadow model of the small drone as the target model, that is, obtain the flight coverage model.

[0222] As a specific implementation method, step S33 specifically includes the following steps:

[0223] Step S331: Randomly select a set of matching schemes, the matching schemes including flight coverage model and UAV attitude model;

[0224] Step S332: Evaluate the fitness value of the matching scheme;

[0225] Step S333: Select the matching scheme with the highest fitness value and use it as the parent generation for breeding;

[0226] Step S334: Perform crossover and mutation operations on the pose parameters and coverage strategy of the parent individuals to generate new matching schemes and select the best one;

[0227] Step S335: Repeat steps S331 to S334 until a matching scheme that meets the requirements is found or a preset stopping condition is reached.

[0228] Step S336: The matching scheme that meets the requirements or the matching scheme that reaches the preset stopping condition is taken as the final target matching scheme, thus obtaining the intelligent optimization result.

[0229] In one specific implementation, after step S3, the method further includes step S4;

[0230] Step S4: Adjust the energy supply of the small UAV according to the environment and number of connections covered by the low-altitude network.

[0231] As a specific implementation method, step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0232] Step S41: Based on the environment and number of connections of the low-altitude network coverage, the energy consumption is divided into four levels;

[0233] In urban coverage, urban emergency response, and suburban emergency response environments, network connectivity is divided into different power consumption levels: power consumption level 0 indicates no connection, power consumption level 1 indicates the number of connections is between 1 and 10, power consumption level 2 indicates the number of connections is between 10 and 30 and the throughput is greater than 500Mbps, and power consumption level 3 indicates the number of connections exceeds 30 and the throughput is greater than 1Gbps.

[0234] In suburban coverage, rural coverage, and rural emergency environments, network connectivity is divided into different power consumption levels: power consumption level 0 indicates no connectivity, power consumption level 1 indicates the number of connections is between 1 and 5, power consumption level 2 indicates the number of connections is between 5 and 15 and the throughput is greater than 300Mbps, and power consumption level 3 indicates the number of connections exceeds 15 and the throughput is greater than 500Mbps.

[0235] In mountainous areas and emergency environments, network connectivity is divided into different power consumption levels: power consumption level 0 indicates no connection, power consumption level 1 indicates the number of connections is between 1 and 5, power consumption level 2 indicates the number of connections is between 5 and 10 and the throughput is greater than 100Mbps, and power consumption level 3 indicates the number of connections is greater than 10 and the throughput is greater than 300Mbps.

[0236] Step S42: Based on the energy consumption level, control the mobile operation equipment to adjust the energy supply to the small drone.

[0237] like Figure 6As shown, this embodiment designs a set of intelligent control algorithms for wireless network radio frequency configuration and low-altitude flight control of UAVs, which can ensure better low-altitude unmanned coverage. The algorithm first needs to set the source transmission power, which relates to energy consumption and edge coverage strength, directly affecting the UAV's low-altitude flight altitude and coverage speed. Secondly, the algorithm also needs to set the coverage beam pattern, matching the guided beam shape. This parameter determines the shape and size of the coverage area, directly affecting the edge position and radio frequency edge field strength. Then, based on the coverage site requirements, the algorithm sets the site terrain and delineates the coverage area, and the artificial intelligence algorithm dynamically matches the UAV's attitude to ensure coverage capability. The algorithm can also automatically adjust the aircraft's attitude control coverage based on changes in 5G parameters and energy consumption.

[0238] RF power primarily includes the total RF output power, set between 46dBm and 3dBm. Pattern parameters mainly include SCENARIO0-14 scenarios, representing coverage beams of varying widths formed by Massive MIMO. Terrain and topography settings include: buildings, plazas, plains, mountains, ravines, rivers, depressions, and their elevation density. Coverage area is defined by inputting approximately six latitude and longitude coordinates to delineate a specific coverage area.

[0239] During the coverage process, this embodiment determines the flight altitude of the small drone and the shape of the coverage beam based on the prior settings. It also considers the edge field strength requirement Rmin (typically -105dBm). The maximum drone flight altitude can be calculated based on the different horizontal and vertical lobe angles for different coverage scenarios. Since the drone's coverage scenario is primarily an unobstructed LOS (Left-of-Sight) scenario, the free-space loss formula is generally used for calculation. However, appropriate loss formulas can also be used as needed; here, the conventional formula is used:

[0240] Single RE power calculation: EPRE = 10lg(P) set / C RE / BAND (C) RE / BAND The number of carrier REs (typically 273*12) in 5G.

[0241] Free space loss formula: EPRE + P Gain -R min =32.4+20lgF band +20lgD.

[0242] Based on the source RF configuration scenario, the vertical and horizontal half-angles can be obtained. In the drone coverage scenario, both are downward angles. To calculate the maximum height, the maximum angle needs to be used as a reference; therefore, the maximum height is:

[0243] H max =D*COS[(A hor Aver ) max

[0244] According to the above coverage settings and coverage model, it can be known that the main models in the coverage process are valleys, plains, highlands, etc. with relatively gentle elevation differences, which can be approximately understood as planar coverage. The coverage shadow is approximately elliptical and circular in shape, and the axes of this shape are:

[0245] AX max = H * tan[(A hor , A ver ) max]; AX min = H * tan[(A hor , A ver ) min]

[0246] where H is the flight altitude of the UAV, but this altitude cannot exceed H max , according to the coverage model, the shadow is approximately circular or elliptical. To ensure coverage, it is necessary to achieve that the projected area of the coverage area AREA require < the projected area of AREA, and it is completely covered by the shadow. To ensure coverage, here the operator needs to set in advance the area AREArequire to be covered. Here, the convex points / vertices of the area to be covered need to be input on the map or. Generally, 3 - 6 longitude and latitude information: AREA1(x1, y1), AREA2(x2, y2), AREA3(x3, y3), AREA4(x4, y4), AREA5(x5, y5), AREA6(x6, y6).

[0247] The coverage points of the coverage UAV can be set according to the above coverage area positions, or can be calculated and generated.

[0248] The calculated position O(x0, y0) can be used as the origin of the coverage coordinate system:

[0249] Position of point O (|Xa - Xb| max / 2 + Xa or Xb, |Ya - Yb| max / 2 + Ya or Yb)

[0250] Set a new coordinate system with this point as the origin. This coordinate system is approximately a planar reference longitude and latitude, with the meridian as the X - axis and the parallel as the Y - axis. The origin in this coordinate system is O. All the longitude and latitude information of the points is changed to the points in this coordinate system:

[0251] AREAx’(Xa - Xo, Ya - Yo)

[0252] Currently, to better cover the area, the drone needs to rationally set and transform its coordinate system based on certain references. This ensures that the elliptical or circular shadow cast by the drone completely covers the designated area. The X-axis of the new coordinate system should be based on the major axis of the ellipse cast by the small drone, and this major axis should be parallel to the longest segment of the designated area. This longest segment is:

[0253] (|Xa-Xb|max,|Ya-Yb|max)max

[0254] To be parallel to the longest segment, the coordinate system of the small UAV coverage needs to be changed from the XoY coordinate system centered at point O to the X'OY' coordinate system adapted to the coverage area. By twisting the angle θ, the position of the AREA1(x1, y1) new coordinate system point is transformed as follows:

[0255] x1'=x1 cosθ+y1 sinθ

[0256] y1' = -x1 sinθ + y1 cosθ

[0257] After transforming the coordinate system of each point, the values ​​of each point are applied to the new coordinate system using the ellipse covering formula, i.e.:

[0258] X 2 / AXmax 2 +Y 2 / AXmin 2 =1

[0259] The area is considered completely covered when all points meet the following conditions:

[0260] Xa 2 / AXmax 2 +Ya 2 / AXmin2<=1

[0261] If the above conditions are not met, the following operation will be performed for re-evaluation: Keeping the coordinate system unchanged, the center point of the UAV will be modified according to a certain gradient to determine whether the conditions are met:

[0262] (Xa-Xbias) 2 / AXmax 2 +(Ya-Ybias) 2 / AXmin 2 <=1;

[0263] This embodiment uses an adjustment gradient of 10 meters, with the X and Y axes adjustable separately, and a maximum adjustment distance of 100 to 200 meters. If this is still insufficient, the drone's altitude H is adjusted from the original level. This will result in AXmax'>AXmax and AXmin'>AXmin, and a second round of adjustment will be performed based on the above data. The altitude adjustment is also limited by Hmax. The judgment formula is as follows:

[0264] (Xa-Xbias) 2 / AXmax' 2 +(Ya-Ybias) 2 / AXmin' 2 <=1;

[0265] If Hmax is still not satisfied after being limited, the system will suggest that the operator reset the source transmit power to obtain a new Hmax, modify the coverage waveform to obtain a more suitable AXmax and AXmin, or modify the coverage area to obtain a smaller AREAx, so as to adapt to each other.

[0266] Depending on the specific application scenario, it achieves all-weather access and coverage capabilities in uninhabited, inaccessible, and hazardous areas. Its design is based on the overall principles of high mobility, high flexibility, long endurance, and high capability, dividing the system design into two parts. The mobile operation equipment (including large UAV platforms) provides data transmission, capability assurance, and basic transportation functions; the small UAV platform provides frontline coverage and capability support. Overall performance achieves flexibility and stability. The large basic platform, based on power and transmission equipment, provides power and energy assurance and information transmission capabilities, and also enables the entire system to move and transport; the small, flexible platform, based on a mobile and flexible equipment platform, provides low-altitude network field coverage capabilities.

[0267] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-altitude network coverage method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a low-altitude network coverage platform, which includes mobile operating equipment and small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); the method includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain low-altitude network coverage requirements; Step S2: Determine the fixed location of the mobile operation equipment based on its signal coverage range and the low-altitude network coverage requirements; Step S3: Control the mobile operation equipment to stay at the fixed position, and control the small drone to conduct low-altitude network coverage; The control of small drones for low-altitude network coverage specifically includes the following steps: Step S31: Set the radio frequency power and beam pattern of the small drone; Step S32: Based on the radio frequency power and beam pattern matching, the terrain within the low-altitude network coverage area is matched to obtain the flight coverage model; Step S32 specifically includes the following steps: Step S321: Adjust the horizontal distance, horizontal beam half-power angle, and vertical beam half-power angle between the small drone and the coverage area according to the radio frequency power and beam pattern; Step S322: Calculate the maximum flight altitude of the small drone based on the horizontal distance between the small drone and the coverage area, the horizontal beam half-power angle, and the vertical beam half-power angle; H max =D h *cos[(A hor ,A ver ) max ]; Among them, D h This represents the horizontal distance between the small drone and the coverage area; cos() represents the cosine function. A hor Indicates the horizontal beam half-power angle; A ver Indicates the vertical beam half-power angle; (A hor A ver ) max This indicates taking the maximum value of the horizontal beam half-power angle and the vertical beam half-power angle; Step S323: Calculate the maximum axis length AX based on the maximum flight altitude of the small UAV. max and minimum axis length AX min ; Maximum axis length AX max The calculation formula is as follows: AX max =H max *tan[A hor ,A ver ] max ; Minimum axis length AX min The calculation formula is as follows: AX min =H max *tan[A hor ,A ver ] max ; Where tan() represents the tangent function; Step S324: Based on the maximum shaft length AX max and minimum axis length AX min This results in the coverage shadow of a small drone; Among them, the shadows covered by small drones are circular or elliptical; Step S325: Determine whether the coverage shadow of the small drone is greater than or equal to the area to be covered: If the coverage shadow of the small drone is smaller than the area to be covered, repeat steps S321 to S325 until the coverage shadow of the small drone is greater than or equal to the area to be covered; if the coverage shadow of the small drone is greater than or equal to the area to be covered, determine the coverage shadow model of the small drone as the target model, that is, obtain the flight coverage model. Step S33: Perform dynamic intelligent matching between the flight coverage model and the UAV attitude model to obtain intelligent optimization results; Step S34: Based on the intelligent optimization results, achieve low-altitude network coverage.

2. The low-altitude network coverage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S31 specifically includes the following steps: The radio frequency power of the small drone is set; and the beam pattern of the small drone is selected. Setting the radio frequency power of the small drone specifically includes the following steps: Step A1: Calculate the free space loss based on the communication distance and operating frequency; The formula for calculating the free space loss L is as follows: L=20*log(D)+20*log(F band )+32.4; Where D represents the communication distance, F band This represents the operating frequency, and log() represents the logarithmic function to the base 10. Step A2: Based on the free space loss, set an initial transmit power; wherein, the initial transmit power P initial Satisfy the following formula: P initial ≥(R min +L); Among them, R min For receiving sensitivity; Step A3: Obtain the received signal strength P based on the initial transmit power. received ; Step A4: Determine the received signal strength P received Is it higher than the receiver sensitivity R? min : If the received signal strength P received Not higher than the receiver sensitivity R min Repeat steps A2 to A4 until the received signal strength P received Higher than the receiver sensitivity R min If the received signal strength P received Higher than the receiver sensitivity R min Then, the initial transmit power is set as the target transmit power to complete the radio frequency power setting.

3. The low-altitude network coverage method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The beam pattern selection for the small UAV specifically involves: Based on the Pattern SCENARIO0-14 environment, the beam pattern of the small UAV is selected; The Pattern SCENARIO0-14 environments specifically include: SCENARIO1 dense urban environment, SCENARIO2 urban fringe environment, SCENARIO3 open highland environment, SCENARIO4 rural area environment, SCENARIO5 environment with mountains or vegetation, SCENARIO6 environment with water bodies, SCENARIO7 open highland environment, SCENARIO8 commercial area environment, SCENARIO9 school area environment, SCENARIO10 airport area environment, SCENARIO11 industrial area environment, SCENARIO12 night patrol environment, SCENARIO13 disaster relief environment, and SCENARIO14 telemedicine environment.

4. The low-altitude network coverage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S33 specifically includes the following steps: Step S331: Randomly select a set of matching schemes, the matching schemes including flight coverage model and UAV attitude model; Step S332: Evaluate the fitness value of the matching scheme; Step S333: Select the matching scheme with the highest fitness value and use it as the parent generation for breeding; Step S334: Perform crossover and mutation operations on the pose parameters and coverage strategy of the parent individuals to generate new matching schemes and select the best one; Step S335: Repeat steps S331 to S334 until a matching scheme that meets the requirements is found or a preset stopping condition is reached. Step S336: The matching scheme that meets the requirements or the matching scheme that reaches the preset stopping condition is taken as the final target matching scheme, thus obtaining the intelligent optimization result.

5. The low-altitude network coverage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step S3, the method further includes step S4; Step S4: Adjust the energy supply of the small UAV according to the environment and number of connections covered by the low-altitude network.

6. The low-altitude network coverage method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S4 specifically includes the following steps: Step S41: Based on the environment and number of connections of the low-altitude network coverage, the energy consumption is divided into four levels; In urban coverage, urban emergency response, and suburban emergency response environments, network connectivity is divided into different power consumption levels: power consumption level 0 indicates no connection, power consumption level 1 indicates the number of connections is between 1 and 10, power consumption level 2 indicates the number of connections is between 10 and 30 and the throughput is greater than 500Mbps, and power consumption level 3 indicates the number of connections exceeds 30 and the throughput is greater than 1Gbps. In suburban coverage, rural coverage, and rural emergency environments, network connectivity is divided into different power consumption levels: power consumption level 0 indicates no connectivity, power consumption level 1 indicates the number of connections is between 1 and 5, power consumption level 2 indicates the number of connections is between 5 and 15 and the throughput is greater than 300Mbps, and power consumption level 3 indicates the number of connections exceeds 15 and the throughput is greater than 500Mbps. In mountainous areas and emergency environments, network connectivity is divided into different power consumption levels: power consumption level 0 indicates no connection, power consumption level 1 indicates the number of connections is between 1 and 5, power consumption level 2 indicates the number of connections is between 5 and 10 and the throughput is greater than 100Mbps, and power consumption level 3 indicates the number of connections is greater than 10 and the throughput is greater than 300Mbps. Step S42: Based on the energy consumption level, control the mobile operation equipment to adjust the energy supply to the small drone.

7. A low-altitude network coverage platform, characterized in that, The low-altitude networking coverage platform is used to execute the low-altitude networking coverage method according to any one of claims 1 to 6; The low-altitude network coverage platform specifically includes: mobile operating equipment and small drones; The mobile operating equipment includes a first body and a first control system, wherein the first control system is disposed on the first body; The small unmanned aerial vehicle includes a second body and a second control system, wherein the second control system is located on the second body; The first body and the second body are connected by an umbilical cable.

8. The low-altitude network coverage platform according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mobile operation equipment is a large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); The platform also includes a lithium battery energy storage system, a hybrid power system, a fuel tank and unmanned refueling system, an energy control and transmission system, an antenna and satellite transmission system, a base station and wireless baseband system, and a wireless network signal source and control system. The lithium battery energy storage system is installed on the large drone and is used to provide power to the large drone and the small drone. The hybrid power system is installed on a large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and is used to store fuel. The energy control and transmission system is electrically connected to the large drone and the small drone respectively, and is used to monitor and manage the energy of the large drone and the small drone. The antenna and satellite transmission system are mounted on the large UAV and are used to provide data transmission between the large UAV and the ground control system. The base station and wireless baseband system are installed on large drones and are used for network baseband control, wireless network and core network interaction control, wireless network data interaction, and control and interaction between large drones and small drones. The wireless network signal source and control system is mounted on a small drone and is used for basic encoding and decoding of wireless signals, wireless radio frequency coverage, and wireless radio frequency direction control.

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