Flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore

Abstract

The invention provides a flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore, and relates to the technical field of ore dressing. The method comprises the steps of raw ore grinding, copper flotation and zinc flotation. Wherein during copper and zinc roughing, water glass, a composite inhibitor, butyl xanthate and MIBC are added, and the pH is controlled to be 7; butyl xanthate is added during copper roughing; butyl xanthate is added during copper concentration; during zinc roughing, an activating agent, butyl xanthate and MIBC are added; and the pH regulator is hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. During copper and zinc scavenging, a composite inhibitor and butyl xanthate are added, and the pH is controlled to be 8; during copper concentration, butyl xanthate is added, and the pH value is controlled to be 10. According to the method, the problems that copper and zinc are difficult to separate and the recovery rate is low in the process of selecting the copper-zinc ore by adopting a traditional flotation method are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ore dressing, in particular to a flotation method for efficiently separating copper-zinc ore. Background Art

[0002] Nonferrous metals are important strategic resources of the country and play a very important role in many fields such as national economic construction, national defense construction and high-tech development. Copper and zinc metals occupy a very important position among nonferrous metals. As important raw materials for the development of the national economy, copper and zinc metals are widely used in more than 100 industries such as transportation, metallurgy, and electricity. With the development of society, the consumption of copper and zinc metals has also increased year by year, and it is urgent to improve the yield and comprehensive utilization rate of copper and zinc resources.

[0003] The flotation separation of copper-zinc minerals has always been a major problem that has plagued the mineral processing industry today. Most of my country's copper-zinc ores are fine-grained impregnated ores. The copper-zinc minerals in the copper-zinc concentrate are very serious. Sphalerite activated by copper ions is difficult to effectively inhibit. Generally speaking, the main reasons for the difficulty in flotation separation of copper-zinc sulfides are as follows: copper-zinc minerals coexist densely and are difficult to dissociate into monomers, resulting in separation difficulties. Even if the grinding fineness reaches the conditions for monomer dissociation, the ore particles are very fine due to over-grinding, and the floating rate will be greatly reduced. Fine particles of metal minerals such as copper are more easily dissolved to produce inevitable ions entering the slurry. The copper ions in the slurry will activate sphalerite, making the sphalerite surface and the chalcopyrite surface have similar floatability, resulting in difficulty in separating copper and zinc. There are overlapping differences in the floatability of ores. For complex copper-zinc ores, there are copper minerals with good and poor floatability in copper minerals, and there are zinc minerals with good and poor floatability in zinc minerals. This interlaced phenomenon of floatability is one of the important reasons for the difficulty in separating copper and zinc. Copper-zinc mixed ores often contain a large amount of pyrite, pyrrhotite and ore mud, which is also an important factor affecting the separation of copper and zinc minerals.

[0004] A combined inhibitor of zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite is used to suppress the floatability of sphalerite by adjusting the pH value and adding an appropriate amount of sodium sulfide, thereby achieving copper-zinc separation. In this process, sodium sulfide not only has an inhibitory effect on chalcopyrite, but also releases hydrogen sulfide gas during the production process, posing a safety hazard. Hydrogen sulfide gas is highly harmful to the environment and the health of operators. In addition, the dosage and pH value of zinc sulfate and sodium sulfide need to be strictly controlled, which increases the complexity of the process and the difficulty of operation.

[0005] Therefore, it is very necessary to invent a copper-zinc separation inhibitor with better performance and provide an efficient copper-zinc separation method. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention provides a flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore, which solves the problem of low recovery rate of copper and zinc in the process of selecting copper-zinc ore by traditional flotation method. The technical solution is as follows:

[0007] A flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore, characterized in that the method comprises:

[0008] S1. Raw ore grinding:

[0009] The raw ore containing copper and zinc is finely ground, and the grinding fineness is -80μm, accounting for 70-75%;

[0010] S2, Copper and Zinc Rough Selection:

[0011] The pH of the grinding slurry obtained in step S1 is adjusted to 8, and a copper-zinc roughing is performed to obtain a crude copper concentrate I and a copper-zinc tailings;

[0012] S3, copper roughing: subjecting the crude copper concentrate I obtained in step S2 to a copper roughing to obtain a crude copper concentrate II and a zinc-containing tailings I;

[0013] S4, copper concentration: the crude copper concentrate II obtained in step S3 is subjected to three copper concentrations to finally obtain copper concentrate I and copper tailings I;

[0014] S5, copper-zinc scavenging: combining the copper-zinc tailings obtained in step S2 with the zinc-containing tailings I obtained in S3, adjusting the pH to 9 for a roughing separation, and obtaining a crude copper concentrate III and a zinc-containing tailings II;

[0015] S6, copper concentration: the crude copper concentrate III obtained in step S5 is subjected to copper concentration twice to obtain copper concentrate II and copper tailings II;

[0016] The copper concentrate I obtained in step S4 and the copper concentrate II obtained in step S6 are combined into the final copper concentrate.

[0017] In step S1, the copper grade of the original ore is lower than 25%, and the zinc grade is lower than 3%.

[0018] In step S2, the pH regulator is hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide; in the roughing of copper and zinc, firstly, 1200-1800 g / t of water glass as a dispersant is added, stirred for 3-5 minutes, then 500-900 g / t of a composite inhibitor is added, stirred for 4-6 minutes, then 400-600 g / t of a collector butyl xanthate is added, stirred for 2-4 minutes, then 300-600 g / t of a foaming agent MIBC is added, stirred for 3-5 minutes, and then flotation is performed by scraping.

[0019] During the rough separation of copper in step S3, 200-400 g / t of butyl xanthate collector is added, stirred for 3-5 min, and then flotation is performed by scraping.

[0020] During the copper concentration in step S4, 100-300 g / t of butyl xanthate as a collector is added only during the first concentration, and no reagent is added during the other two copper concentration processes. Each concentration time is 3-8 minutes, and the middlings of the first concentration and the second concentration are returned in sequence.

[0021] In the step S5, 300-600 g / t of composite depressant is first added, stirred for 3-5 min, 200-400 g / t of collector butyl xanthate is added, stirred for 4-6 min, and then flotation is performed by scraping.

[0022] The zinc-containing tailings II obtained in step S5 are subjected to one-step concentration according to a conventional process to obtain zinc concentrate and zinc tailings, wherein the grade of the zinc concentrate is not less than 45% and the recovery rate is not less than 90%.

[0023] During the first copper concentration in step S6, the pH of the pulp is adjusted to 10, 200-400 g / t of butyl xanthate collector is added, and after stirring for 3-5 minutes, flotation is performed by scraping, and the medium ore is returned in sequence; during the second copper concentration process, no reagent is added, and the concentration time for each time is 3-8 minutes.

[0024] The composite inhibitor is a mixture of hypochlorite and ferrate in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the particle size of the mixture is less than 1 mm.

[0025] The grade of the final copper concentrate is not less than 45%, and the recovery rate is not less than 75%.

[0026] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0027] In the above scheme, the composite depressant is a composite of hypochlorite and ferrate, and the copper-zinc separation efficiency is improved through the processes of copper-zinc roughing, copper concentration, copper-zinc scavenging, and controlling the flotation environment. The inhibitory effect of this new agent on sphalerite is significantly higher than that of traditional depressants, which significantly reduces the problem of copper-zinc mutual inclusion in the flotation of copper-zinc ore. No additional products or intermediate products will be produced during use, which simplifies the processing flow of subsequent mineral processing products and reduces the cost of mineral processing. The depressant will not produce harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide during use, reducing the threat to the environment and the health of operators. Moreover, the depressant can be synthesized from existing industrial products or chemical reagents, with a simple synthesis process, low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale production applications. In addition, the depressant of the present invention will not affect the recovery of precious metals such as gold and silver in the ore pulp, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization rate of precious metals. In addition, MIBC is selected as a frother in the present invention, and the ore-carrying capacity of bubbles can be improved during the flotation process, thereby obtaining a better flotation effect than frothers such as pine oil.

[0028] In short, the present invention solves the problems in the prior art that high alkaline wastewater treatment is difficult, inhibitors are not conducive to the recovery of precious metals, hydrogen sulfide gas is harmful to the environment and operators, and the operation is complicated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flotation method flow chart for efficient separation of copper-zinc ores. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "example" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "example" is intended to present the concept in a specific way. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or it can be either of the two.

[0033] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention provides a flotation method for efficiently separating copper-zinc ore. Figure 1 The flotation method flow chart of the efficient separation of copper-zinc ore shown in FIG. 1 may include the following steps:

[0035] S1. Raw ore grinding:

[0036] The raw ore containing copper and zinc is finely ground, and the grinding fineness is -80μm, accounting for 70-75%;

[0037] S2, Copper and Zinc Rough Selection:

[0038] The pH of the grinding slurry obtained in step S1 is adjusted to 8, and a copper-zinc roughing is performed to obtain a crude copper concentrate I and a copper-zinc tailings;

[0039] S3, copper roughing: subjecting the crude copper concentrate I obtained in step S2 to a copper roughing to obtain a crude copper concentrate II and a zinc-containing tailings I;

[0040] S4, copper concentration: the crude copper concentrate II obtained in step S3 is subjected to three copper concentrations to finally obtain copper concentrate I and copper tailings I;

[0041] S5, copper-zinc scavenging: combining the copper-zinc tailings obtained in step S2 with the zinc-containing tailings I obtained in S3, adjusting the pH to 9 for a roughing separation, and obtaining a crude copper concentrate III and a zinc-containing tailings II;

[0042] S6, copper concentration: the crude copper concentrate III obtained in step S5 is subjected to copper concentration twice to obtain copper concentrate II and copper tailings II;

[0043] The copper concentrate I obtained in step S4 and the copper concentrate II obtained in step S6 are combined into the final copper concentrate.

[0044] In the step S2, during the rough separation of copper and zinc, 1200-1800 g / t of water glass as a dispersant is first added, stirred for 3-5 minutes, 500-900 g / t of a composite depressant is added, stirred for 4-6 minutes, 400-600 g / t of a collector butyl xanthate is added, stirred for 2-4 minutes, 300-600 g / t of a frother MIBC is added, stirred for 3-5 minutes, and then flotation is performed by scraping.

[0045] During the rough separation of copper in step S3, 200-400 g / t of butyl xanthate collector is added, stirred for 3-5 min, and then flotation is performed by scraping.

[0046] During the copper concentration in step S4, 100-300 g / t of butyl xanthate as a collector is added only during the first concentration, and no reagent is added during the other two copper concentration processes. Each concentration time is 3-8 minutes, and the middlings of the first concentration and the second concentration are returned in sequence.

[0047] In the step S5, 300-600 g / t of composite depressant is first added, stirred for 3-5 min, 200-400 g / t of collector butyl xanthate is added, stirred for 4-6 min, and then flotation is performed by scraping.

[0048] The zinc-containing tailings II obtained in step S5 are conventionally subjected to one-step concentration to obtain zinc concentrate and zinc tailings. The collector added in the one-step concentration only needs to ensure that the flotation effect can be achieved, and can be selected according to actual needs.

[0049] During the first copper concentration in step S6, the pH of the pulp is adjusted to 10, 200-400 g / t of butyl xanthate collector is added, and after stirring for 3-5 minutes, flotation is performed by scraping, and the medium ore is returned in sequence; during the second copper concentration process, no reagent is added, and the concentration time for each time is 3-8 minutes.

[0050] The composite inhibitor is a mixture of acid carbonate and modified sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the particle size of the agent is less than 1 mm; the modified sulfate is obtained by sulfonation modification of sulfate lignin.

[0051] This will be described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] use Figure 1 The test process shown in the figure, wherein the composite inhibitor is obtained by mixing calcium hypochlorite and potassium ferrate in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] according to Figure 1 The process flow chart shown treats the ore with the inhibitor replaced by zinc sulfate, while the types and dosages of other reagents remain unchanged.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] according to Figure 1 The process flow chart shown treats the ore, with the inhibitor replaced by potassium permanganate, while the types and dosages of other reagents remain unchanged.

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] according to Figure 1 The process flow chart shown treats the ore, replacing the inhibitor with sodium metabisulfite, while the types and dosages of other reagents remain unchanged.

[0060] The types and amounts of the agents used in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1 Types and dosage of drugs

[0062]

[0063] The product grade, recovery rate and yield of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 were tested respectively. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0064] Table 2 Results of Examples and Comparative Examples

[0065]

[0066] It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that the present invention can effectively improve the copper grade and copper recovery rate of copper concentrate; at the same time, it can also effectively improve the zinc grade and zinc recovery rate of zinc concentrate, avoid the situation that the copper and zinc recovery rates are low during the selection process of copper-zinc ore, can improve production efficiency, and has good promotion significance.

[0067] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1. Raw ore grinding: The raw ore containing copper and zinc is finely ground, and the grinding fineness is -80μm, accounting for 70-75%; S2, Copper and Zinc Rough Selection: The pH of the grinding slurry obtained in step S1 is adjusted to 8, and a copper-zinc roughing is performed to obtain a crude copper concentrate I and a copper-zinc tailings; S3, copper roughing: subjecting the crude copper concentrate I obtained in step S2 to a copper roughing to obtain a crude copper concentrate II and a zinc-containing tailings I; S4, copper concentration: the crude copper concentrate II obtained in step S3 is subjected to three copper concentrations to finally obtain copper concentrate I and copper tailings I; S5, copper-zinc scavenging: combining the copper-zinc tailings obtained in step S2 with the zinc-containing tailings I obtained in S3, adjusting the pH to 9 for a roughing separation, and obtaining a crude copper concentrate III and a zinc-containing tailings II; S6, copper concentration: the crude copper concentrate III obtained in step S5 is subjected to copper concentration twice to obtain copper concentrate II and copper tailings II; The copper concentrate I obtained in step S4 and the copper concentrate II obtained in step S6 are combined into the final copper concentrate.

2. The flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the copper grade of the original ore is lower than 25%, and the zinc grade is lower than 3%.

3. The flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH regulator in step S2 is hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide; in the roughing of copper and zinc, firstly, 1200-1800 g / t of water glass is added, stirred for 3-5 minutes, then 500-900 g / t of composite depressant is added, stirred for 4-6 minutes, then 400-600 g / t of collector butyl xanthate is added, stirred for 2-4 minutes, then 300-600 g / t of frother MIBC is added, stirred for 3-5 minutes and then flotation is performed by scraping.

4. The flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the rough separation of copper in step S3, 200-400 g / t of butyl xanthate collector is added, stirred for 3-5 min, and then flotation is performed by scraping.

5. The flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the copper concentration in step S4, 100-300 g / t of butyl xanthate as a collector is added only during the first concentration, and no reagent is added during the other two copper concentration processes. Each concentration time is 3-8 minutes, and the middlings of the first concentration and the second concentration are returned in sequence.

6. The flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, 300-600 g / t of composite depressant is first added, stirred for 3-5 min, 200-400 g / t of collector butyl xanthate is added, stirred for 4-6 min, and then flotation is performed by scraping.

7. The flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The zinc-containing tailings II obtained in step S5 are subjected to one-step concentration according to a conventional process to obtain zinc concentrate and zinc tailings, wherein the grade of the zinc concentrate is not less than 45% and the recovery rate is not less than 90%.

8. The flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the first copper concentration in step S6, the pH of the pulp is adjusted to 10, 200-400 g / t of butyl xanthate collector is added, and after stirring for 3-5 minutes, flotation is performed by scraping, and the medium ore is returned in sequence; during the second copper concentration process, no reagent is added, and the concentration time for each time is 3-8 minutes.

9. The flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite inhibitor is a mixture of hypochlorite and ferrate in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the particle size of the mixture is less than 1 mm.

10. The flotation method for efficient separation of copper-zinc ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grade of the final copper concentrate is not less than 45%, and the recovery rate is not less than 75%.

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