Pipeline fitting and base

Abstract

The invention relates to a pipe fitting of the type used in a drainage system. The fitting has a body portion having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet and configured to change a direction of liquid being delivered therethrough. The body portion includes a region that resists fracture when in contact with the clogging removal tool when the clogging removal tool is used to remove clogging in the region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates generally to the field of plumbing fittings. More particularly, the present invention relates to a plumbing fitting of the type used in drainage systems. Background Art

[0002] In drainage applications, a substantially vertical pipe may be connected to a substantially horizontal pipe using some type of connection fitting. In this context, the connection fittings commonly used in plumbing applications include, but are not limited to, boundary traps, disconnect sump traps, joints, check pieces, elbows, and bends. Drainage from a water source (such as a sink, bathtub, shower recess, toilet, or drain) passes downward through the vertical pipe and reaches the horizontal pipe via the connection fitting. Ultimately, the horizontal pipe discharges the drainage into a sewer or storm drain.

[0003] Drainage systems can include fittings that connect two horizontal pipes or two vertical pipes. In these arrangements, the connecting fittings can be joints, checks, and elbows or bends.

[0004] Both the pipe and the connection fittings are typically made of a strong plastic such as unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or high density polyethylene (HDPE).

[0005] Even when made of solid plastic, the connection fittings may also be damaged during the blockage removal process. Drain pipes may become blocked by any material including tile grout and cement (sometimes occurring during building construction), organic materials, sanitary products, wet wipes, children's toys and other foreign matter. The blockage can be removed by forcing a rigid rod down through the pipe and reaching the connection fittings. The rod serves to break the blockage into small parts that can be effectively taken away by flushing with water. In other methods, the rod has a rubber disc at its end that has a diameter of about the inner diameter of the pipe, and the downward movement of the rod causes a positive pressure that can clear the blockage. The impact of the rod on the pipe wall can cause severe damage, including complete rupture, thereby allowing drainage to leak.

[0006] Tree roots are another cause of clogged drain pipes. Typically, a cutting machine is introduced into the drain pipe to chop up the tree roots and restore the pipe to a clear state. Problems arise when the cutting head impacts the wall of the connecting fitting, again causing damage.

[0007] In view of the possibility of damage, building regulations usually require that connection fittings be embedded in concrete. Typically, a minimum of 100mm of concrete is required below the elbow, and this concrete extends to also embed the inlet and outlet parts of the fitting. The concrete acts to resist the impact of any rod or other special tool used to clear the obstruction.

[0008] Additionally or alternatively, the concrete may function to support the weight of any pipe connected to the connection fitting. Particularly where long vertical pipes are connected to the fittings, the weight of the pipes may exert a downward force, causing movement in the fittings and therefore movement of other connected components of the drainage system.

[0009] In any case, the need to bury the connection fittings in the concrete causes problems during the installation of the drainage system. One problem is that the concrete must be transported to the construction site and a water source must be nearby to mix with the dry concrete. In addition to the cost of labor and materials, occupational health and safety issues arise in terms of inhalation of cement and injuries associated with manual handling of heavy objects.

[0010] Another problem is that the concrete must be allowed to cure before the trench is backfilled, a process that can slow down installation. Another problem is that operators may not be careful enough to ensure that the concrete is laid to the specified thickness.

[0011] The prior art provides various devices for supporting pipe fittings to avoid the need for concrete embedment. Examples are disclosed in Australian Innovation Patent Publication 2019100419A4. However, these support devices do not always work as expected or required. The inventors have discovered deficiencies in the prior art that contribute to the features of the connection fittings described and claimed herein. As will be described in more detail below, the inventors have discovered heretofore unrecognized problems with prior art pipe fittings, at least in terms of impact resistance and stability.

[0012] Another problem that arises is that a significant amount of material may be used in the manufacture of the pipe fittings.

[0013] One aspect of the present invention is to provide improvements over prior art pipe fittings. Additionally or alternatively, another aspect of the present invention is to provide a useful alternative to prior art pipe fittings.

[0014] The discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles of manufacture and the like is included in this specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. There is no suggestion or representation that any or all of these matters formed part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application. Summary of the invention

[0015] In a first, but not necessarily broadest, aspect, the present invention provides a plumbing fitting comprising a body portion having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the body portion being configured to redirect liquid conveyed therethrough, wherein the body portion is (or includes) an area that resists rupture upon contact with an obstruction removal tool when the obstruction removal tool is used to clear an obstruction in the area.

[0016] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the resistance to fracture is sufficient such that no cement, concrete or a functionally equivalent material is required to support the body portion.

[0017] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the crack resistance is sufficient such that no cement, concrete, or functionally equivalent material is required during installation.

[0018] In one embodiment of the first aspect, crack resistance is provided partially or completely by manufacturing the wall of the body portion from a polymer of sufficient thickness.

[0019] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the wall of the body portion has a thickness of at least about 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm or 10 mm.

[0020] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the plumbing fitting includes a support portion extending from the body portion, and the crack resistance is at least partially provided by the support portion extending from the body portion.

[0021] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the support portion is integral with the body portion.

[0022] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the support portion is a solid body.

[0023] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the support portion includes a space configured to save an amount of material used in manufacturing and / or to save weight.

[0024] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the support portion is formed by one or more downwardly extending members configured to transfer a force caused by the obstruction removal tool on the body portion to a substrate below the body portion.

[0025] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the one or more downwardly extending members form a frame.

[0026] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the frame is in the form of a grid-like arrangement.

[0027] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the plumbing fitting includes a base portion associated with the support portion, the body portion maintaining a spaced relationship with the base portion.

[0028] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the support portion and / or the base portion provides or contributes one or more spaces configured to allow filler material introduced around the pipe fitting during installation to enter therein.

[0029] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the support portion and / or the base portion are configured to retain filler material introduced around the pipe fitting during installation.

[0030] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the one or more spaces are configured to allow movement of fill material introduced around the plumbing fitting during installation.

[0031] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the support portion is configured not to present a wide face that is directed in a manner that prevents or inhibits movement of filler material introduced around the plumbing fitting into the space of the support portion during installation.

[0032] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the support portion includes a plurality of frame members, each of the plurality of frame members having a wide face, and wherein each of the wide faces is generally arranged, aligned, or angled to allow fill material to move into spaces between the frame members.

[0033] In one embodiment of the first aspect, at least some or most of the plurality of frame members have a length or width of at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% of the width of the body portion.

[0034] In one embodiment of the first aspect, each of the body portion, the support portion and the base portion has a footprint in plan view, and

[0035] The base portion coverage area is at least about 100%, 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 135%, 140%, 145%, 150%, 155%, 160%, 165%, 175%, 180%, 185%, 190%, 195% and 200% of the coverage area of ​​the main body portion or the support portion.

[0036] In an embodiment of the first aspect, in plan view, a majority of the body portion footprint is located within a majority of the base portion footprint.

[0037] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the body portion is generally centrally located with respect to the base portion, or generally aligned with the base portion, in plan view.

[0038] In one embodiment of the first aspect, a wall region of the body portion facing the support portion or the base portion has a wall thickness of at least about 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm or 10 mm.

[0039] In one embodiment of the first aspect, a wall region of the body portion facing toward the support portion or the base portion has a wall thickness that is approximately the same as or greater than a wall thickness of an opposing wall of the body portion.

[0040] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the line fitting is configured to connect two conduits.

[0041] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the line fitting is configured to change the direction of flow of liquid originating from one of the two conduits or to separate liquid originating from one of the two conduits or to allow inspection of liquid originating from one of the two conduits.

[0042] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the pipeline fitting is selected from the group consisting of: a boundary trap, a disconnect sump trap, a connector, an elbow, a bend, and an inspection piece.

[0043] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the filler material is a granular material.

[0044] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the particulate material is comprised of particles having a maximum dimension of no greater than about 10 mm and / or no less than about 7 mm.

[0045] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the fill material is selected from the group consisting of: slag, blue crushed stone, sub-quarter inch crushed stone, sewer liners rock, and aggregate.

[0046] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the support portion is integral with the body portion, and / or the support portion is integral with the base portion.

[0047] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the pipe fitting is made primarily or entirely of a synthetic polymer.

[0048] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the synthetic polymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), or high density polyethylene (HDPE).

[0049] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the body portion is a plumbing conduit for use in drainage applications.

[0050] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the body portion is an elbow or an elbow.

[0051] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the body portion, the support portion or the base portion comprises means for receiving a support bracket.

[0052] In an embodiment of the first aspect, the means for receiving the support bracket is an aperture, a recess or a lug.

[0053] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the pipe fitting is configured so that the walls of the body portion and / or the support portion provide or contribute to crack resistance against a pressure or tension of at least about 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 MPa.

[0054] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the pressure or tension is applied at about 10 mm 2 To about 50mm 2 On the area between.

[0055] In one embodiment of the first aspect, when installed on a non-concrete substrate, the plumbing fitting has at least the same or similar crack resistance as an elbow or trap installed in accordance with AS / NZS 3500.2. In a second aspect, the present invention provides a base for supporting a plumbing conduit, the plumbing conduit having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the plumbing conduit being configured to redirect a liquid conveyed therethrough, the base comprising a support portion, wherein the support portion is configured to impart resistance to cracking of the plumbing conduit due to contact with an obstruction removal tool when the obstruction removal tool is used to remove an obstruction in the plumbing conduit.

[0056] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the crack resistance is sufficient such that no cement, concrete or a functionally equivalent material is required to support the body portion.

[0057] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the crack resistance is sufficient such that no cement, concrete, or functionally equivalent material is required during installation.

[0058] In one embodiment of the second aspect, crack resistance is provided partially or completely by manufacturing the wall of the body portion from a polymer of sufficient thickness.

[0059] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the support portion includes a contoured contact surface configured to conform to an outer surface of the tubing conduit.

[0060] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the support portion is a solid body.

[0061] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the support portion includes a space configured to save the amount of material used in manufacturing and / or to save weight.

[0062] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the support portion is formed by one or more downwardly extending members configured to transfer a force caused by the obstruction removal tool on the body portion to a substrate below the body portion.

[0063] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the one or more downwardly extending members form a frame.

[0064] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the frame is in the form of a grid-like arrangement.

[0065] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the base includes a seat portion associated with the support portion, and the body portion maintains a spaced relationship with the seat portion.

[0066] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the support portion and / or the base portion provides or contributes one or more spaces configured to allow fill material introduced around the base during installation to enter therein.

[0067] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the support portion and / or the base portion is configured to retain filler material introduced around the base during installation.

[0068] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the one or more spaces are configured to allow movement of fill material introduced around the base during installation.

[0069] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the support portion is configured to not present a wide face that is directed in a manner that prevents or inhibits movement of fill material introduced around the base into the space of the support portion during installation.

[0070] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the support portion includes a plurality of frame members, each of the plurality of frame members having a wide face, and wherein each of the wide faces is generally arranged, aligned, or angled to allow fill material to move into spaces between the frame members.

[0071] In one embodiment of the second aspect, at least some or most of the plurality of frame members have a length or width of at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% of the width of the body portion.

[0072] In one embodiment of the second aspect, each of the body portion, the support portion and the base portion has a footprint in plan view, and

[0073] The base portion coverage area is at least about 100%, 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 135%, 140%, 145%, 150%, 155%, 160%, 165%, 175%, 180%, 185%, 190%, 195% and 200% of the coverage area of ​​the main body portion or the support portion.

[0074] In an embodiment of the second aspect, in plan view, a majority of the body portion footprint is located within a majority of the base portion footprint.

[0075] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the body portion is generally centrally located with respect to the base portion, or generally aligned with the base portion, in plan view.

[0076] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the base is configured to engage an elbow in the pipeline conduit.

[0077] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the filler material is a granular material.

[0078] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the particulate material is comprised of particles having a maximum dimension of no greater than about 10 mm and / or no less than about 7 mm.

[0079] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the fill material is selected from the group consisting of: slag, blue crushed stone, sub-quarter inch crushed stone, sewer liners rock, and aggregate.

[0080] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the support portion is integral with the base portion.

[0081] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the base is primarily or entirely made of a synthetic polymer.

[0082] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the synthetic polymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or high density polyethylene (HDPE).

[0083] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the base is configured to support a plumbing conduit for use in a drainage application.

[0084] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the pipeline conduit is an elbow or an elbow.

[0085] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the support portion or base portion comprises means for receiving a support bracket.

[0086] In an embodiment of the second aspect, the means for receiving the support bracket is an aperture, a recess or a lug.

[0087] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the base is configured so that the support portion provides or contributes to resistance to pressure or tension of at least about 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 MPa to the tubing conduit seated thereon.

[0088] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the pressure or tension is applied at about 10 mm 2 To about 50mm 2 In one embodiment of the second aspect, when installed on a substrate other than concrete and having a plumbing conduit seated thereon, the base has at least the same or similar crack resistance as an elbow or trap installed in accordance with AS / NZS 3500.2.

[0089] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for installing a piping system or a part thereof, the method comprising the following steps:

[0090] (i) providing a pipeline fitting according to any embodiment of the first aspect,

[0091] (ii) positioning a support portion or base portion of the pipe fitting on a substrate, and

[0092] The fill material is moved to the area around the support portion and / or around the base portion.

[0093] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for installing a piping system or a part thereof, the method comprising the following steps:

[0094] (i) providing a base of any embodiment of the second aspect,

[0095] (ii) positioning the base on the substrate, and

[0096] (iii) moving fill material to the area around the support portion and / or around the base portion.

[0097] In one embodiment of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, the base is a bottom of the groove.

[0098] In one embodiment of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, the filler material is a granular material.

[0099] In one embodiment of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, the particulate material is comprised of particles having a maximum dimension no greater than about 10 mm and / or no less than about 7 mm.

[0100] In one embodiment of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, the granular material is selected from the group consisting of: slag, blue crushed stone, sub-quarter inch crushed stone, sewer liner rock, and aggregate.

[0101] In one embodiment of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, the filler material extends downwardly at least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100 mm, as measured from the lowest point of the pipe fitting or the lowest point of the conduit supported by the base.

[0102] In one embodiment of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, the filling material extends laterally at least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100 mm as measured from the outermost point of the pipe fitting or the outermost point of the conduit supported by the base.

[0103] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method for installing a piping system or a part thereof, the method comprising the following steps:

[0104] (i) providing a pipe fitting of any embodiment of the first aspect, the pipe fitting having means for receiving a support hanger, and

[0105] (ii) engaging the means for receiving the support hanger with the support hanger.

[0106] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a method for installing a piping system or a part thereof, the method comprising the following steps:

[0107] (i) providing a base of any embodiment of the second aspect, the base having means for receiving a support bracket, and

[0108] (ii) engaging the means for receiving the hanger with the supporting hanger.

[0109] In one embodiment of the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, the support bracket is an elongated member.

[0110] In one embodiment of the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, the elongated member is a rod or a bar.

[0111] In one embodiment of the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, the elongated member comprises a threaded section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0112] Figure 1A A top perspective view of a pipe fitting, specifically an elbow, of the present invention is illustrated.

[0113] Figure 1B Picture shows Figure 1A Side view of a pipe fitting.

[0114] Figure 2A side view of a plumbing fitting is illustrated, showing (shaded) the volume occupied by the plumbing fitting associated with any fill material.

[0115] Figure 3 Picture shows Figure 1A A cross-sectional perspective view of a pipe fitting of , illustrating the greater wall thickness in the outer radius of the pipe fitting bend compared to the inner radius.

[0116] Figure 4 Picture shows Figure 1A A bottom perspective view of a pipe fitting of FIG. 1 is shown showing an orifice extending through a base portion of an underside thereof.

[0117] Figure 5 An alternative preferred pipe fitting is illustrated in side view.

[0118] Figure 6 A highly schematic illustration of Figure 1A Various soil layers, fill materials and backfill used in the installation of elbows.

[0119] Fig. 7A , Figure 7B , Figure 7C and Fig.7D An alternative preferred pipe fitting is illustrated together having a base that includes more closely spaced frame members to better support potential tool impact areas of the pipe wall. Fig. 7A A side perspective view. Figure 7B is a side view, Figure 7C For the upward perspective view, Fig.7D This is a bottom view.

[0120] Fig. 8A , Figure 8B , Figure 8C and Fig.8D An alternative preferred pipe fitting is illustrated together which lacks the relatively large base present in the earlier drawn embodiments. Fig. 8A A side perspective view. Figure 8B is a side view, Figure 8C For the upward perspective view, Fig.8D This is a bottom view.

[0121] Fig.9A , Figure 8B and Fig. 9C The base of the present invention is shown together. Fig.9A and Fig. 9B (Both are perspective views) show the conduit before contacting the base and the conduit supported by the base, respectively. Fig. 9C yes Fig. 9B Cross-sectional side view.

[0122] FIG. 10 illustrates a trap installed in accordance with AS / NZS 3500.2 (2018).

[0123] Unless otherwise indicated herein, features of the drawings labeled with the same reference numerals are considered to be the same features, or at least functionally similar features, when used across different drawings.

[0124] The drawings are not drawn to any particular scale or size and are not presented as a completely accurate representation of the various embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0125] After considering this description, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art how to implement the present invention in various alternative embodiments and alternative applications. However, although various embodiments of the present invention will be described here, it should be understood that these embodiments are presented only as examples and not by way of limitation. Therefore, this description of various alternative embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope or breadth of the present invention. In addition, the statements of advantages or other aspects apply to specific exemplary embodiments and are not necessarily applicable to all embodiments, or in fact any embodiment covered by the claims.

[0126] Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the word "comprise" and variations of the word, such as "include" and "comprising", are not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.

[0127] References throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing in various places in this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but may refer to the same embodiment.

[0128] As used herein, position terms such as "lateral," "across," "above," "below," "higher," "lower," "upward," "downward," "vertical," "horizontal," "plan view," and the like should be considered with reference to an elbow drain fitting used in a normal upright position to direct water from a substantially vertical pipe to a substantially horizontal pipe.

[0129] As used herein, the term "rupture" is intended to include any damage to a plumbing fitting (including a wall of a plumbing fitting body portion) that provides an opening for fluid to flow therefrom. Thus, a rupture may be a crack (whereby no material is removed), or a hole (created by the removal of material), or any other damage that allows fluid to leak from a plumbing fitting.

[0130] The present invention is based, at least in part, on the inventors' discovery that failure of prior art plumbing fittings can be attributed to inadequate support of the walls of the plumbing fitting and / or insufficient retention of fill material (such as slag or blue crushed stone) around the fitting and / or the fill material being susceptible to displacement after installation. The net result in either case is that the plumbing fitting is not properly supported by the fill material and is therefore susceptible to damage by impact with a drain clog clearing tool.

[0131] Another discovery is that prior art plumbing fittings allow water to collect around the base of the fitting after installation, thereby making the fitting unstable and allowing undesirable movement.

[0132] Another discovery, however, is that the supported fittings tend to sink under the weight of the vertical pipe, and / or otherwise move. It is proposed that the sinking or other movement may be due, at least in part, to the accumulation of water around the base, as discussed immediately above. The water accumulation allows the fill material to move around, and because the fill material is used to secure the elbow in place, allows the elbow itself to move.

[0133] It has been found that the problem of movement manifests itself in the installer's failure to correctly set the slope (fall) of the horizontal pipe of the drainage system. The installer typically attempts to achieve a 98% slope in the outlet pipe to allow water to flow one way toward the sewer or storm drain. The slope is often measured very accurately with the aid of a laser. However, with prior art fittings, the accurately set slope may change before the installation is completed due to movement of the fittings during backfilling. For example, the connecting fitting may move downward, thereby reducing or eliminating the 98% slope set by the installer. The end result may be that waste water cannot be properly discharged from the horizontal pipe.

[0134] Any of these problems may be solved by one or more embodiments of the present invention.Some embodiments of the present invention do not solve any of these problems, but rather represent unrelated improvements or useful alternatives to prior art accessories.

[0135] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a means for supporting a pipe elbow above the bottom of a drain trough in a manner that allows sufficient fill material to enter under the elbow, and optionally also holds the fill material in place. The result is that the lower wall of the elbow is well supported by the fill material for an extended period of time. The support below the lower wall reduces the chance of damage to the wall in the event of impact with a drain clog clearing tool.

[0136] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a pipe fitting having the same or similar crack resistance as a pipe fitting supported in accordance with Australian Standard / New Zealand Standard 3500.2 (SAI Global, 2018) "Sanitary plumbing and drainage". AS / NZS 3500.2 requires the use of concrete supports around bends or traps, as shown in Figure 10 (Prior Art). Ready-mixed concrete conforming to Australian Standard 1379 is specified, having a minimum compressive strength of 20 MPa. The concrete can be formed into a liner at least about 100 mm thick below the lowest point of the pipe. Before the concrete cures, the pipe is installed with the concrete liner, which extends upward to near the centerline of the pipe and thereby contacts the entire lower surface of the pipe.

[0137] Prior art elbows, traps and other conduits are inherently incapable of resisting rupture when forcefully contacted by a clog removal tool such as a metal plunger rod. The concrete support increases the crack resistance of the elbow, trap or other conduit so that it does not rupture when the clog removal tool impacts the inner wall. The present invention avoids the need for concrete supports, thereby saving manpower and materials in the installation of the drainage system. Functionally, the pipe fittings of the present invention can be installed without concrete supports and still exhibit at least the same crack resistance as pipe fittings that have been installed with concrete.

[0138] Where the invention is embodied in the form of a base, the base may function to provide support to a bend or trap or other conduit the same or similar to that provided by the concrete supports of AS / NZS 3500.2.

[0139] The present invention will now be described more fully by reference to the accompanying non-limiting examples depicted in the accompanying drawings.

[0140] Figure 1A and Figure 1B A pipe fitting of the present invention is depicted, which is implemented as an elbow (10) of the type used to convey sewage, storm water or other types of wastewater in drainage applications. The elbow (10) includes a body portion (15), which is a curved section of a conduit having an inner radius (as depicted, facing upward) and an outer radius (as depicted, facing downward). In prior art elbows, the wall of the outer radius is typically thinner than the wall of the inner radius. In the present invention, the outer radius wall can have the same or similar thickness as the inner radius wall. Alternatively, the outer radius wall can have a greater thickness than the inner radius wall.

[0141] The elbow (10) includes an inlet portion (20) which is typically oriented substantially vertically to receive water falling from a drainage source and an outlet portion (25) which is typically oriented substantially horizontally to direct the water toward a sewer or other destination. As will be appreciated, water is transported to and from the elbow (10) by pipes (not shown) connected to the elbow (10). Each of the inlet portion (20) and the outlet portion (25) is slightly flared and is thereby configured to receive an inlet pipe (not shown) and an outlet pipe (not shown), respectively.

[0142] Integrally formed with the body portion (15) are a base portion (30) and a support portion (35).

[0143] The base portion (30) is formed into a generally grid-like structure providing a series of spaces (40). Apertures (45) are formed in the base portion (30) to

[0144] The support portion (35) is implemented as a frame comprising a series of connecting members (the first and last in the series are marked 50) which connect the base portion (30) to the body portion (15). The frame also includes a cross member (55). The frame is divided into two by a wall (60), which can be hollow or solid.

[0145] Now that the structural components of the elbow (10) have been described, the function of each component will now be described.

[0146] The thickened outer radial wall (70) of the body portion of the fitting (10) provides improved resistance to impact and other damaging forces. The thickened wall (70) also provides a stronger connection of the body portion (15) to the connecting member (50), so that forces applied to the inside of the wall (70) are more completely transferred to the filler material disposed in the space (60).

[0147] The base portion (30) acts to provide a stable platform to prevent the elbow (10) as a whole from moving during and after installation. In drainage system installation, a trench is typically dug and the elbow is located on the bottom of the trench with the base portion (30) in contact therewith. In prior art fittings, the base has a relatively small area, making the connecting fitting as a whole easy to move during and after installation. The base portion (30) in the present fitting is larger relative to the body portion (15). Movement in the base (30) during installation can change the slope in the horizontal pipe set by the installer, and corrective work needs to be performed by the installer if such a change is noticed. If the change in slope is not noticed, the entire system may not drain properly.

[0148] The base portion (30) includes a space (40) that prevents water from collecting around the elbow (10). If there were not a space (40) to allow water to drain downward and away from the elbow (10), rainwater that filters through the soil and fill material surrounding the drainage system would settle on the base portion (30). The ability of the water to drain can prevent movement of the soil or fill material, and in turn, movement of the elbow (10), to a certain extent. As will be appreciated, all components of the drainage system should experience little or substantially no movement after installation to prevent stresses from being placed on the various components and joints, and also to ensure that the correct slope is maintained.

[0149] The base portion (30) has the additional function of providing a structure from which the support portion extends. In the present invention, the increased area of ​​the base portion (30) distributes the load from the various fittings and pipes above it (via the support portion (35)), resulting in improved support of all components. Smaller base portions of the prior art concentrate the same loads onto a smaller base area and, where the underlying substrate is not completely solid, result in sinking of the elbow (10) and all components attached thereto.

[0150] The support portion (35) maintains the body portion (15) in a spaced relationship with the base portion (30). The base portion (30) and the support portion (35) together suspend the body portion (15) above the bottom of the groove. Therefore, a space is provided between the bottom of the groove and the lower surface of the body portion (15). When the elbow (10) is firmly connected to the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, the groove is backfilled and the space between the bottom of the groove and the lower surface of the body portion (15) receives the fill material. Typically, the fill material is compacted to a certain extent by the installer. Preferably, the support portion provides a distance of at least about 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, 100mm, 110mm, 120mm, 130mm, 140mm, 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm, 190mm and 200mm between the base (30) and the body portion (15). The increased distance allows a greater volume of fill material to be retained between the base portion (30) and the body portion (15). The increased volume in turn allows the elbow (10) to engage with a greater volume of fill material, thereby providing greater stability.

[0151] In prior art fittings, the distance spanned by any support portion is relatively short and is generally insufficient to receive and retain a significant amount of fill material between the base and body portion. As a result, prior art fittings are less able to engage any significant amount of fill material disposed about them, and the fittings are therefore more susceptible to instability and movement.

[0152] In the preferred embodiment of the drawings, filler material moves laterally from adjacent support portion (35) into the space within the frame of support portion (35). Compaction forces the filler material upward against wall (60). Frame members (50)(55) have wide faces that serve to hold the filler material within the frame. The compacted filler material in the upper space of the frame bears against and supports the lower wall (i.e., outer radius) of the body portion (15). The compacted filler material in the lower space of the frame supports the frame members in the upper portion of the frame, and in turn supports the compacted filler material in the upper portion of the frame.

[0153] In some embodiments, materials including particles within a defined size range are used as fill materials. For example, the fill material may include particles having a size of about 7 to 10 mm, and in such a case, any space or area that must receive the mortar layer must be sized to allow entry of particles within that size range. Exemplary forms of fill materials include slag, blue crushed stone, crushed stone under one quarter inch, sewer / bedding rock material, and aggregate.

[0154] Thus, the compacted fill material held below the outer radius of the body portion (15) serves to support the outer radius wall, thereby reducing the likelihood of damage to the wall due to impact with a drain cleaning tool. In a sense, the compacted material acts similarly to the concrete used to embed and support the elbow in prior art devices.

[0155] In the preferred embodiment of the drawings, the base portion (30) has the additional function of retaining filler material within the space (40). This retaining material interfaces with the filler material below, above and to the sides of the base portion to more securely hold the elbow (10) as a whole in place.

[0156] In some embodiments, the support portion (35) has a structural function configured to help support the outer radius of the body portion (15) to limit damage caused by impact from a drain cleaning appliance. In other embodiments, the support portion is configured to provide most of the support to the outer radius of the body portion. In other embodiments, the support portion is configured to provide substantially all of the support to the outer radius of the body portion. As will be appreciated, elements of the support portion (35) can be formed to provide a greater degree of support, an example of which is thickening of the frame members. Another example can be arranging the frame members at a higher density.

[0157] refer to Figure 2 , which diagrammatically depicts the volume (shaded area) below the body portion (15), which includes a combination of fill material, base portion (30) and support portion (35), which together help support the outer radius wall of the body portion (15).

[0158] Now go to Figure 3 , the outer radius wall (70) of the body portion (15) is thickened (to about 5 mm) compared to the inner radius wall (75) (about 2.5 mm). In this embodiment, the thickened outer radius wall helps to resist damage caused by the impact of the drain blockage removal tool.

[0159] The preferred embodiment of the accompanying drawings is also suitable for installation in an above-ground environment. For example, the elbow can be installed in a building to receive a vertical drain pipe originating from an upper floor and terminating at a lower floor or even under the building. Such a long vertical extension pipe section is heavy and places significant stress on the elbow. The elbow of the present invention can be suspended on a hanger such as a "full thread hanger". A certain length of the full thread hanger extends through each orifice (45) in the base portion (30). Nuts (optionally with washers) are screwed on the full thread hanger to support the base portion (30) and therefore the entire elbow (10) at a desired level. With this arrangement, the base portion (30) bears most of the load force that would otherwise be applied to the elbow. Therefore, the body portion (15) of the present elbow (10) is placed under less stress and may therefore be less susceptible to damage.

[0160] refer to Figure 4 , which more clearly shows the aperture (45) extending through the underside of the base portion (30) to allow a length of a fully threaded hanger (not shown) to extend therethrough.

[0161] The aperture (45) can also be used to install the elbow (10) in a drainage ditch. A nail can be hammered through the aperture (45) and into the soil below, thereby more securely fixing the elbow in place and preventing movement during installation.

[0162] Reference now Figure 5 , which shows an alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the wall (60) is partially or completely removed to allow the filler material to extend continuously across the area between the base portion (30) and the body portion (15). This can have the effect of further improving the engagement of the elbow (10) with the surrounding filler material. Figure 5 The wall is shown as not present in the areas marked with an "x" and present in the areas marked with a "□". It is further suggested that removing a portion of the wall (60) provides cost savings due to a lower amount of material used in manufacture.

[0163] continue Figure 5An alternative preferred embodiment of the invention differs from the embodiment of the previous figures in that the frame member (50) is shortened. This can facilitate a more direct transfer of forces from the body portion (15) to the base portion (30). A further improvement is the cost savings of materials used in manufacture. It is proposed that a smaller amount of fill material below the rightmost (as depicted) region of the body portion (15) may not significantly affect the operation of the elbow (10), given that most impact or damage is likely to occur in the more central region of the body portion (15), where a large amount of supportive fill material remains.

[0164] It is contemplated that the present invention may be implemented in the form of only a base portion and a support portion, wherein these portions are applied to an existing individual line conduit. The support portion may simply receive the individual line conduit, which is seated on the support portion. Alternatively, the support portion may be configured to actively engage the line conduit by a press fit, an applied adhesive, a tie, a strap, a tie, or the like.

[0165] Reference now Figure 6 , which shows Figure 1A Preferred installation of an elbow. The inlet and outlet pipes are represented by dotted lines. Area (100) represents the existing soil from which the drainage trench is excavated. The bottom of the trench is marked as (105). The first step of installation involves laying fill material (110) to a depth of about 50mm to 100mm on the bottom of the trench (105). The elbow (10) is then placed on top of the layer of fill material (110) and the inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the elbow. Additional fill material is added around the elbow (10) and the pipes. Backfill soil is used to fill the remainder of the trench. After the new layer is added to the trench, the installer typically uses mechanical or manual compaction. During the compaction process, the fill material is forced into the space between the frame members (50, 55) and also into the space (40) in the base portion (30), thereby stabilizing the elbow (10) as a whole.

[0166] refer to Fig. 7A , Figure 7B , Figure 7C and Fig.7D . This embodiment includes a region (500) in which the frame members (50) are more closely spaced than the remaining frame members. The region (500) is disposed immediately below a wall of the body portion (15) that is a potential clog removal tool impact zone. For example, a rigid metal plunger tool may be formed as Fig. 7A The plunger is forced vertically downward through the inlet portion (20) as indicated by the arrow in the figure to clear the blockage in the body portion (15). The tip of the plunger impacts a small area (less than, for example, 50 mm) of the wall of the body portion (15). 2), potentially rupturing the wall. The closely spaced frame members in region (500) serve to better resist impact forces by providing greater support to the wall from below. The remaining frame members (i.e., those outside region (500)) do not need to help resist rupture, and are therefore less closely spaced, thereby providing a savings in material.

[0167] Fig. 8A , Figure 8B and Figure 8C The embodiment of does not have the obvious base (30) shown in the previously drawn embodiments. The lower planar structure (600) can be considered as the base. Alternatively, this embodiment can be considered as having no base.

[0168] Reference now Fig.9A , Fig. 9B and Fig. 9C An alternative aspect of the present invention is a base (600) for supporting a separate pipe conduit (700) such as an elbow. The base (600) and pipe conduit (700) together function in the same manner as the integrated pipe fittings of the previously depicted embodiments. Thus, Fig.9A , Fig. 9B and Fig. 9C Embodiments of the present invention may incorporate any one or more features of the integrated pipe fittings described and illustrated herein. Fig. 9C As noted in the second view of FIG. 1 , the area (710) of the pipeline conduit (700) is thickened. The area (710) directly contacts the bracket (610) of the base (600). The thickened area (710) and the bracket (610) together provide crack resistance.

[0169] As will be appreciated from the above disclosure, an advantage of some embodiments of the present invention is to limit or prevent movement of connection fittings and other components of a drainage system.During installation or after installation is complete, undesired movement may occur.

[0170] Preventing movement has significant advantages for maintaining a 98% grade in the horizontal pipes of the drainage system. Additional advantages may be provided in preventing or limiting movement of drainage system components. For example, movement in an unstable fitting may change the height of an above ground inspection riser away from the desired height during backfilling. The improved stability provided by the elbow (10) helps to minimize or completely prevent any horizontal or vertical movement of the riser. Advantageously, the need for additional elbows on the riser for directing waste back to the correct location after backfilling may be eliminated.

[0171] Furthermore, when laying the drainage system and installing the correct pipe length, the stability of the elbow locks it in the correct position because the elbow is fixed in the correct position.

[0172] The discussion of any feature, any combination of features, or any feature alternatives of the preferred embodiment of the accompanying drawings should not be considered to be applicable only to the preferred embodiment. Any feature, any combination of features, or any feature alternatives can be applied to any embodiment of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0173] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention described herein is susceptible to further variations and modifications in addition to those specifically described. It should be understood that the invention includes all such variations and modifications that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0174] Although the invention is described herein with reference to an elbow used in a drainage application, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of this specification that the invention may be applied to other types of plumbing fittings. For example, the invention may be applied to a substantially U-shaped trap, in which case the support portion contacts the curved lower surface of the U-shape and the base has a larger area.

[0175] Alternatively, the pipe fitting may include a sharp corner instead of an elbow.

[0176] It is also envisaged that the present invention may be applied to tubing connectors having inlets and outlets forming an obtuse angle or even a right angle.

[0177] The present invention may be applied to a pipe fitting which is simply a length of pipe which for any reason requires support at any point along its length.

[0178] The present invention can also be applied to a joint for connecting three or more pipes.

[0179] The present invention can provide environmental benefits by potentially saving approximately 15 bags of concrete for a typical Class 1 building (10 elbows x 15 x 20 kg = 15 bags). The cement industry accounts for 8% of all CO2 emissions, and therefore using the present invention to eliminate the need for concrete supports has clear environmental advantages. Furthermore, the present invention can be made from recycled materials (such as PVC), which can then be further recycled into new products when the building is demolished.

[0180] It also provides occupational health and safety benefits by eliminating the need for workers to be exposed to concrete dust prior to mixing. In addition, the physical stress and tripping hazards created by workers carrying 20kg bags of concrete and mixing concrete buckets around construction sites and trenches are reduced. The reduction in the risk of injury is a significant benefit to the construction industry.

[0181] Consumers can benefit from a higher likelihood that plumbing fittings will be installed correctly the first time. In the prior art, the required depth of concrete may not be used, however with the present invention, it is certain that the fitting will be properly supported. Therefore, consumers are less likely to damage the drain pipe during the clog clearing exercise.

[0182] The consumer benefits from better assurance of proper installation by the plumber. Protection is provided during maintenance or repair. The present invention can reduce or eliminate expensive repairs of damaged elbows that were improperly installed and therefore inadequately supported.

[0183] The spirit and scope of the present invention should not be limited by the foregoing, but should be interpreted in the broadest sense allowed by law.

Claims

1. A pipe fitting comprising a body portion having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the body portion being configured to change the direction of a liquid conveyed through the body portion, in, The body portion is or includes a region that resists rupture when in contact with the occlusion removal tool when the occlusion removal tool is used to remove an occlusion in the region.

2. The pipe fitting according to claim 1, wherein: The crack resistance is sufficient such that no cement, concrete or functionally equivalent material is required to support the body portion.

3. The pipe fitting according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: The crack resistance is sufficient to eliminate the need for cement, concrete or functionally equivalent materials during installation.

4. The pipe fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The crack resistance is provided partly or completely by manufacturing the wall of the body portion from a polymer of sufficient thickness.

5. The pipe fitting according to claim 4, wherein: The wall of the body portion has a thickness of at least about 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm or 10mm.

6. A plumbing fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a support portion extending from the body portion, the crack resistance being provided at least in part by the support portion extending from the body portion.

7. The pipe fitting according to claim 6, wherein: The support portion is integral with the body portion.

8. The pipe fitting according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein: The supporting part is a solid body.

9. The pipe fitting according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein: The support portion includes spaces configured to save the amount of material used in manufacturing and / or to save weight.

10. The pipe fitting according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein: The support portion is formed by one or more downwardly extending members configured to transfer forces caused by the obstruction removal tool on the body portion to a substrate beneath the body portion.

11. The pipe fitting according to claim 10, wherein: The one or more downwardly extending members form a frame.

12. The pipe fitting according to claim 11, wherein: The frame is in the form of a lattice arrangement.

13. A plumbing fitting according to any one of claims 6 to 12, comprising a base portion associated with the support portion, the body portion being maintained in spaced relation to the base portion.

14. The pipe fitting according to any one of claims 6 to 13, wherein: The support portion and / or the base portion provide or contribute to one or more spaces configured to allow entry therein of filler material introduced around the plumbing fitting during installation.

15. The pipe fitting according to any one of claims 6 to 14, wherein: The support portion and / or the base portion are configured to retain filler material introduced around the pipe fitting during installation.

16. A pipe fitting according to claim 14 or claim 15, wherein: The one or more spaces are configured to allow movement of the fill material introduced around the plumbing fitting during installation.

17. The pipe fitting according to any one of claims 6 to 16, wherein: The support portion is configured not to present a wide face that is directed in a manner that prevents or inhibits movement of filler material introduced around the pipe fitting during installation into the space of the support portion.

18. The pipe fitting according to any one of claims 6 to 17, wherein: The support portion includes a plurality of frame members, each of the plurality of frame members having a wide face, and wherein each of the wide faces is generally arranged, aligned or angled to allow fill material to move into the spaces between the frame members.

19. The pipe fitting according to claim 18, wherein: At least some or most of the plurality of frame members have a length or width of at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% of the width of the body portion.

20. The pipe fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein: Each of the body portion, the support portion and the base portion has a footprint in plan view, and The base portion coverage area is at least about 100%, 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 135%, 140%, 145%, 150%, 155%, 160%, 165%, 175%, 180%, 185%, 190%, 195% and 200% of the coverage area of ​​the body portion or the support portion.

21. The pipe fitting according to claim 20, wherein: In plan view, a majority of the body portion footprint is located within a majority of the base portion footprint.

22. A pipe fitting according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein: In plan view, the body portion is generally centrally located with respect to the base portion, or generally aligned with the base portion.

23. The pipe fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein: A wall region of the body portion facing towards the support portion or the base portion has a wall thickness of at least about 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm or 10mm.

24. The pipe fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein: A wall region of the body portion that faces toward the support portion or the base portion has a wall thickness that is approximately the same as or greater than a wall thickness of an opposing wall of the body portion.

25. The plumbing fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 24, configured to connect two conduits.

26. The plumbing fitting of claim 25, configured to redirect the flow of liquid originating from one of the two conduits, to separate the liquid originating from one of the two conduits, or to allow inspection of the liquid originating from one of the two conduits.

27. A pipe fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 26, selected from the group consisting of boundary traps, disconnect sump traps, joints, elbows, bends and inspection pieces.

28. A pipe fitting according to any one of claims 15 to 27, wherein: The filler material is a granular material.

29. The plumbing fitting according to claim 28, wherein: The particulate material is comprised of particles having a maximum dimension of no greater than about 10 mm and / or no less than about 7 mm.

30. A pipe fitting according to claim 28 or claim 29, wherein: The fill material is selected from the group consisting of slag, blue crushed stone, crushed stone less than one quarter inch, sewer bedding rock and aggregate.

31. A pipe fitting according to any one of claims 6 to 30, wherein: The support portion is integral with the body portion, and / or the support portion is integral with the base portion.

32. A plumbing fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 31 , made predominantly or entirely from a synthetic polymer.

33. The plumbing fitting according to claim 32, wherein: The synthetic polymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or high density polyethylene (HDPE).

34. A pipe fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein: The body portion is a plumbing conduit for use in drainage applications.

35. A pipe fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein: The body portion is a curved pipe or an elbow.

36. A pipe fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein: The body portion, the support portion or the base portion may include means for receiving a support bracket.

37. The plumbing fitting of claim 36, wherein: The means for receiving the support bracket is an aperture, a recess or a lug.

38. A plumbing fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 37, wherein the plumbing fitting is configured such that the walls of the body portion and / or the support portion provide or contribute to crack resistance against a pressure or tension of at least about 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 MPa.

39. The plumbing fitting according to claim 38, wherein: The pressure or the tension is applied at about 10 mm 2 To about 50mm 2 On the area between.

40. A plumbing fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 39 which, when installed on a substrate other than concrete, has a crack resistance at least the same as or similar to that of an elbow or trap installed in accordance with AS / NZS 3500.

2.

41. A base for supporting a pipeline conduit, the pipeline conduit having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the pipeline conduit being configured to change the direction of liquid conveyed therethrough, the base comprising a support portion, wherein: The support portion is configured to impart resistance to rupture of the tubing conduit due to contact with the occlusion removal tool when the occlusion removal tool is used to remove an occlusion in the tubing conduit.

42. The base according to claim 41, wherein The crack resistance is sufficient such that no cement, concrete or functionally equivalent material is required to support the body portion.

43. A base according to claim 41 or claim 42, wherein The crack resistance is sufficient to eliminate the need for cement, concrete or functionally equivalent materials during installation.

44. A base according to any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein The crack resistance is provided partly or completely by manufacturing the wall of the body portion from a polymer of sufficient thickness.

45. The base according to claim 6, wherein: The support portion includes a contoured contact surface configured to conform to an outer surface of the tubing conduit.

46. ​​A base according to any one of claims 41 to 47, wherein The supporting part is a solid body.

47. A base according to any one of claims 41 to 48, wherein The support portion includes spaces configured to save the amount of material used in manufacturing and / or to save weight.

48. A base according to any one of claims 41 to 49, wherein The support portion is formed by one or more downwardly extending members configured to transfer forces caused by the obstruction removal tool on the body portion to a substrate beneath the body portion.

49. The base of claim 50, wherein: The one or more downwardly extending members form a frame.

50. The base of claim 51, wherein: The frame is in the form of a lattice arrangement.

51. A mount according to any one of claims 41 to 52, comprising a base portion associated with the support portion, the body portion maintaining a spaced relationship with the base portion.

52. A base according to any one of claims 41 to 53, wherein The support portion and / or the base portion provide or contribute one or more spaces configured to allow entry therein of fill material introduced around the base during installation.

53. A base according to any one of claims 41 to 54, wherein The support portion and / or the base portion are configured to retain filler material introduced around the base during installation.

54. A base according to claim 54 or claim 55, wherein The one or more spaces are configured to allow movement of the fill material introduced around the base during installation.

55. A base according to any one of claims 41 to 56, wherein The support portion is configured not to present a wide face that is directed in a manner that prevents or inhibits movement of filler material introduced around the base during installation into the space of the support portion.

56. A base according to any one of claims 41 to 57, wherein The support portion includes a plurality of frame members, each of the frame members having a broadside, and wherein each of the broadsides is generally arranged, aligned, or angled to allow fill material to move into the spaces between the frame members.

57. The base of claim 58, wherein: At least some or most of the plurality of frame members have a length or width of at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95% of the width of the body portion.

58. A base according to any one of claims 41 to 59, wherein Each of the body portion, the support portion and the base portion has a footprint in plan view, and The base portion coverage area is at least about 100%, 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 135%, 140%, 145%, 150%, 155%, 160%, 165%, 175%, 180%, 185%, 190%, 195% and 200% of the coverage area of ​​the body portion or the support portion.

59. The base of claim 60, wherein: In plan view, a majority of the body portion footprint is located within a majority of the base portion footprint.

60. A base according to claim 60 or claim 61, wherein In plan view, the body portion is generally centrally located with respect to the base portion, or generally aligned with the base portion.

61. A mount according to any one of claims 41 to 62, configured to engage an elbow in a pipeline conduit.

62. A base according to any one of claims 55 to 63, wherein The filler material is a granular material.

63. The base of claim 64, wherein: The particulate material is comprised of particles having a maximum dimension of no greater than about 10 mm and / or no less than about 7 mm.

64. A base according to claim 64 or claim 65, wherein The fill material is selected from the group consisting of slag, blue crushed stone, crushed stone less than one quarter inch, sewer bedding rock and aggregate.

65. A base according to any one of claims 53 to 66, wherein The support portion is integral with the base portion.

66. A base according to any one of claims 41 to 67, the base being made primarily or entirely from a synthetic polymer.

67. The base of claim 68, wherein: The synthetic polymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or high density polyethylene (HDPE).

68. A base as claimed in any one of claims 41 to 69 configured to support a plumbing conduit for use in a drainage application.

69. The base of claim 70, wherein: The pipeline conduit is a curved pipe or an elbow.

70. A base according to any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein: The support portion or the base portion comprises means for receiving a support bracket.

71. The base of claim 72, wherein: The means for receiving the support bracket is an aperture, a recess or a lug.

72. A base according to any one of claims 41 to 73, wherein the base is configured so that the support portion provides or contributes to resistance to pressure or tension of at least about 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 MPa to the pipeline conduit seated thereon.

73. The base of claim 73, wherein: The pressure or the tension is applied at about 10 mm 2 To about 50mm 2 On the area between.

74. A mount according to any one of claims 1 to 75 which, when mounted on a substrate other than concrete and having a plumbing conduit seated thereon, has a crack resistance at least the same as or similar to that of an elbow or trap installed in accordance with AS / NZS 3500.

2.

75. A method for installing a piping system or a portion thereof, the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a pipe fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 40, (ii) positioning the support portion or the base portion of the pipe fitting on a substrate, and (iii) moving fill material to an area around the support portion and / or around the base portion.

76. A method for installing a piping system or a portion thereof, the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a base according to any one of claims 41 to 76, (ii) positioning the base on a substrate, and (iii) moving fill material to an area around the support portion and / or around the base portion.

77. The method of claim 77 or claim 78, wherein: The base is the bottom of the trench.

78. The method according to any one of claims 77 to 79, wherein: The filler material is a granular material.

79. The method of claim 80, wherein: The particulate material is comprised of particles having a maximum dimension of no greater than about 10 mm and / or no less than about 7 mm.

80. The method of claim 80 or claim 81, wherein: The granular material is selected from the group consisting of slag, blue crushed stone, sub-quarter inch crushed stone, sewer liners rock and aggregate.

81. The method of any one of claims 77 to 82, wherein: The fill material extends downwardly at least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100 mm as measured from the lowest point of the pipe fitting or the lowest point of the conduit supported by the base.

82. The method of any one of claims 77 to 83, wherein: The filler material extends laterally by at least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100 mm as measured from the outermost point of the pipe fitting or the outermost point of a conduit supported by the base.

83. A method of installing a piping system or a portion thereof, the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a pipe fitting according to claim 36 or claim 37, and (ii) engaging the means for receiving a support hanger with the support hanger.

84. A method of installing a piping system or a portion thereof, the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a base according to claim 72 or claim 73, and (ii) engaging the means for receiving the hanger with the supporting hanger.

85. The method of claim 85 or claim 86, wherein: The support hanger is an elongated member.

86. The method of claim 87, wherein: The elongate member is a rod or a bar.

87. The method of claim 87 or claim 88, wherein: The elongated member includes a threaded section.

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