Alloy and ceramic-based fiber wire-drawing bushing plate, use method and processing technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fiber production, and particularly discloses an alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing. The bushing is composed of an upper plate, a side plate and a base plate, the upper plate is provided with an upper plate hole and a liquid flowing groove filter screen, and the upper plate is used for containing and guiding molten fiber materials and filtering impurities; the side plate is connected with the upper plate and the substrate to form a cavity, and is provided with a thermocouple jack for monitoring the temperature; the base plate is located at the bottom and used for supporting and guiding out molten fiber materials, the electrode plate is arranged to be used for heating and keeping the temperature stable, and meanwhile the discharge spout is arranged to be used for drawing fibers. The bushing plate is made of a metal alloy material and / or a ceramic material, and has excellent high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. The use method comprises the steps of bushing plate preparation, molten fiber material pouring, heating, temperature monitoring, fiber drawing, cooling and shaping and the like. The machining process comprises the steps of cold press molding, high-temperature sintering, powder metallurgy treatment, finish machining and the like. The method is suitable for drawing various fibers, such as basalt fibers and glass fibers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fiber production, in particular to an alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing leak plate, and also to a use method and a processing technology of the alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing leak plate. Background Art

[0002] In the field of fiber production technology, especially for the production of high-performance ceramic fibers such as basalt fiber and glass fiber, there are a series of strict technical requirements. These high-performance fibers have shown broad application prospects in many industrial fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, construction materials, and electronic appliances due to their excellent high strength, high toughness, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, insulation, and UV resistance.

[0003] However, the production process of this type of fiber is extremely challenging, requiring the fiber to be produced in a high temperature molten state of about 1300-1500°C, and the fiber drawing is achieved through the key component of the wire drawing plate. Therefore, the wire drawing plate must have a series of excellent properties, including but not limited to excellent high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, low creep and low drawing liquid reactivity, to ensure the stability of fiber production and product quality.

[0004] At present, the widely used wire drawing plate materials in the market are mainly precious metal materials such as platinum-rhodium alloy. Although these materials can meet the above high performance requirements, their scarcity and high cost seriously restrict the large-scale and low-cost production of fibers. This situation not only limits the application scope of high-performance fibers, but also increases the production costs of related industries.

[0005] Therefore, the industry urgently needs to find a new material to replace platinum-rhodium alloy. This new material not only needs to have high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties comparable to or even better than platinum-rhodium alloy, but also needs to have good mechanical stability and economy to reduce production costs and promote the widespread application of high-performance fibers. In this context, metal alloys and ceramic materials have become potential alternative material choices due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, the application of these two materials to fiber drawing leak plates also faces many technical challenges, such as material selection and structural design optimization, which require in-depth research and exploration by the industry. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing leak plate and a method of using the same, aiming to provide a high-performance, economical and practical solution by optimizing material selection and structural design to meet the dual needs of durability and economy in industrial applications.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing filter plate, comprising: an upper plate, wherein an upper plate hole is provided in the middle of the upper plate, the upper plate hole is used to accommodate and guide molten fiber material, and a flow trough filter screen is provided therein to filter impurities;

[0008] A side plate, the side plate is connected to the upper plate and the base plate to form a cavity for accommodating the molten fiber material, and a thermocouple jack is provided on the wall of the side plate for inserting a thermocouple to monitor and adjust the internal temperature of the leaking plate;

[0009] A substrate is provided at the bottom of the leak plate and is used to support and guide out the molten fiber material; electrode plates are provided at both ends of the substrate and are used to heat the substrate to keep the temperature of the molten fiber material stable; external reinforcing plates are provided on both sides of the substrate to enhance the overall strength and stability of the leak plate; a plurality of leak nozzles are provided in the middle of the substrate and penetrate the substrate and are used to draw the molten fiber solution into fibers.

[0010] In addition to the above technical features, this application also makes improvements in the following aspects:

[0011] In some embodiments, the fiber drawing bushing is made of a composite of metal alloy material and / or ceramic material or made solely of such material.

[0012] In some embodiments, the main element composition of the metal alloy material is AxByCz (x=1-n, y=0-n, z=0-n), wherein:

[0013] A is a high temperature resistant metal element, including at least one element selected from molybdenum, lanthanum and other lanthanide elements, tungsten, nickel, cobalt, zirconium, tantalum and hafnium, and mixed in a set ratio;

[0014] B is an oxidation-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal element, including at least one of chromium, aluminum, and titanium, and mixed in a set ratio;

[0015] C is used to form an alloy strengthening phase, and includes at least one element selected from niobium, iridium, rhenium, osmium, and ruthenium, and is mixed in a set ratio.

[0016] In some embodiments, the ceramic material includes structural ceramics, electrical ceramics, refractory ceramics, functional ceramics, and ceramic composite materials. The element composition of the ceramic material is MxNy (x=1-n, y=1-n), wherein:

[0017] M is a metal element, including at least one of molybdenum, zirconium, tantalum, lanthanum and hafnium;

[0018] N is a non-metallic element, including at least one of silicon, boron, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using an alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing, which uses the fiber drawing bushing described above, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0020] Preparation of alloy and ceramic based fiber drawing bushings;

[0021] Pour the pre-melted fiber material liquid through the upper plate and the upper plate hole in the middle, and ensure that the liquid flows through the liquid flow trough filter screen to filter out impurities;

[0022] The substrate is heated by an electrode plate to keep the temperature of the molten fiber material stable;

[0023] Monitor the internal temperature of the drain plate using a thermocouple inserted into the thermocouple jack, and adjust the heating intensity as needed to maintain the appropriate temperature;

[0024] The molten fiber material liquid flows to the substrate at a stable temperature, and the fiber is pulled out through the nozzle;

[0025] The drawn fibers are cooled and shaped to obtain desired ceramic fibers or other types of fibers.

[0026] In some embodiments, in step b, the selected fiber material liquid may include: basalt liquid, glass liquid or other molten materials suitable for making fibers.

[0027] In some embodiments, in step e, the aperture and distribution of the nozzle are predetermined according to the diameter, length and production process of the drawn fiber to ensure the uniformity and quality of the drawn fiber.

[0028] In some embodiments, depending on the selected molten fiber material liquid, the processing technology of the fiber drawing leak plate includes: at least one of cold pressing, high temperature sintering, powder metallurgy, carving, milling, casting, static pressing and 3D printing.

[0029] In some embodiments, the fiber drawn according to the above steps includes at least one of basalt fiber, glass fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber, quartz fiber, silicon carbide fiber, zirconium oxide fiber, and nitride fiber.

[0030] The third object of the present invention is to provide a processing technology for a fiber drawing bushing, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Cold pressing: mixing metal alloy material and ceramic material powder in a predetermined ratio, followed by cold pressing to obtain a preliminary shape of the drain plate blank;

[0032] High temperature sintering: The cold-pressed drain plate blank is placed in a high temperature sintering furnace and sintered at a temperature range of 1500-1600°C, and the temperature is maintained for at least four hours to promote the densification of the material;

[0033] Powder metallurgy treatment: Powder metallurgy treatment is performed on the high-temperature sintered bushing to enhance the strength and hardness of the material;

[0034] d. Fine machining: Use carving, milling and other processes to carry out fine machining of the leak plate to ensure that the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of each component meet the predetermined requirements.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. Improved durability:

[0037] The selection of alloy and ceramic-based materials, especially the reasonable ratio of high temperature resistant, anti-oxidation and corrosion resistant elements in metal alloys, and the high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance of ceramic materials, significantly improve the durability of the wire drawing bushing. This enables the bushing to work stably for a long time in harsh environments of high temperature, high pressure and high corrosion, reducing the replacement frequency and maintenance costs.

[0038] 2. Optimize structural design:

[0039] The upper plate, side plate, base plate and the nozzle structure in the middle of the base plate of the fiber drawing filter plate are reasonably designed, and the electrode plate on the base plate is used for heating to keep the temperature stable. The upper plate, side plate and base plate of the filter plate are reasonably designed to form a stable cavity, and the external reinforcement plate enhances the overall strength of the filter plate. Through the optimized design of the overall structure, the stable flow and uniform drawing of the molten fiber material are ensured.

[0040] The arrangement of the upper plate holes and the filter screen of the flow trough effectively filters out impurities, ensures the purity of the fiber and improves the quality of the fiber.

[0041] The configuration of the thermocouple jack and the electrode plate facilitates monitoring and adjusting the internal temperature of the leak plate, realizes precise monitoring and adjustment of the internal temperature of the leak plate, and ensures the stability of the fiber drawing process.

[0042] 3. Improve production efficiency and wire drawing quality:

[0043] The excellent properties of alloy and ceramic-based materials make the flow of molten fiber material in the drain plate smoother, reducing blockage and wire breakage, and improving production efficiency. The aperture and distribution of the drain nozzle can be predetermined according to the diameter, length and production process of the drawn fiber, further ensuring the uniformity and quality of the drawn fiber.

[0044] 4. Enhanced economy:

[0045] The use of metal alloys and ceramic materials to replace expensive platinum-rhodium alloys significantly reduces the manufacturing cost of the bushing, making large-scale production of high-performance fibers possible. Optimized material selection and structural design, high durability and stability of the bushing reduce the frequency of maintenance and replacement of the bushing, and reduce long-term operating costs.

[0046] Alloy and ceramic-based materials are cheaper than precious metal materials such as platinum-rhodium alloys and are easy to process and obtain, which reduces production costs.

[0047] 5. Wide applicability:

[0048] The wire drawing leak plate provided by the present invention is suitable for a variety of molten fiber materials, such as basalt liquid, glass liquid, etc., and can draw various types of fibers, such as basalt fiber, glass fiber, etc., providing a flexible solution for the production of different types of fibers and meeting the needs of different industrial fields.

[0049] 6. Various processing technologies:

[0050] According to the different molten fiber material liquids selected, a variety of processing techniques can be used to manufacture the wire drawing leak plate, such as cold pressing, high temperature sintering, powder metallurgy, etc., which improves the flexibility and adaptability of manufacturing.

[0051] In summary, the alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing and the use method thereof provided by the present invention achieve a perfect combination of high performance and economical practicality by optimizing material selection and structural design, and meet the dual requirements of durability and economy in industrial applications. It shows significant technical effects in terms of durability, production efficiency, economy, wide applicability and processing technology diversity, and provides strong technical support for the production of high-performance ceramic fibers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0053] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the front part of the alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rear part of the alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 A top view of the alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 A method for using the alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 The fiber drawing bushing of the alloy and ceramic base of the present invention

[0058] The numbers in the figure are as follows:

[0059] 1. Upper plate; 11. Upper plate hole; 12. Liquid flow trough filter; 2. Side plate; 21. Thermocouple jack; 3. Base plate; 31. Electrode plate; 32. External reinforcement plate; 33. Leakage nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. The present invention can be implemented in other different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0061] It should be noted that those skilled in the art explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described in the present invention can be combined with other embodiments without conflict. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms involved in the present invention should have the common meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0062] The words "a", "an", "a", "the" and the like involved in the present invention do not indicate quantity limitation and may indicate singular or plural. The terms "include", "comprises", "has" and any variations thereof involved in the present invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like involved in the present invention are merely used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects.

[0063] In the existing technology, the production of high-performance ceramic fibers (such as basalt fibers and glass fibers) relies on a high-temperature melt drawing process, in which the drawing plate, as a key component, must meet a number of stringent performance requirements. However, although the widely used precious metal materials such as platinum-rhodium alloys have excellent performance, their scarcity and high cost limit the large-scale and low-cost production of fibers. There is an urgent need to find new alternative materials that are both high-performance and economical. The application of metal alloys and ceramic materials faces technical problems such as material selection and structural design optimization.

[0064] Based on the above problems, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment introduces in detail the design and application of a high-performance alloy and ceramic composite fiber drawing leak plate, which is intended to solve the problems of high cost and scarce resources of traditional precious metal materials, while meeting the stringent requirements of high-performance fiber production for leak plate materials such as high temperature resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

[0065] 1. Fiber drawing leak plate structure design

[0066] The fiber drawing leak plate is mainly composed of three parts: an upper plate 1, a side plate 2 and a base plate 3.

[0067] The upper plate 1 is made of high temperature resistant ZrO2 and SiO2 composite material, and a square upper plate hole 11 is provided in the middle to accommodate and guide the molten fiber material. The upper plate hole 11 is built with a flow trough filter 12, which is composed of a fine metal mesh or a ceramic mesh, and can effectively filter impurities in the molten liquid to ensure the purity of the fiber.

[0068] The side plate 2 is made of alloy material, and is connected to the upper plate 1 and the base plate 3 by precision welding or mechanical connection to form a closed cavity.

[0069] Two thermocouple jacks 21 are provided on the wall of the side plate 2 for easy insertion of high-precision thermocouples to monitor the internal temperature of the leak plate in real time and ensure the stability of the wire drawing process.

[0070] The substrate 3 is the core component of the leak plate, located at the bottom of the leak plate, and is made of alloy and ceramic composite material. Electrode plates 31 are provided at both ends of the substrate 3 to heat the substrate 3 to keep the temperature of the molten fiber material stable.

[0071] External reinforcing plates 32 are provided on both sides of the base plate 3 and are made of high-strength alloy material, which significantly enhances the overall strength and stability of the leaking plate.

[0072] A number of nozzles are evenly distributed in the middle of the substrate 3. The nozzle apertures and distribution are carefully designed according to the target fiber specifications and are used to draw the molten fiber solution into fibers while ensuring the uniformity and high quality of the drawn fibers.

[0073] 2. Material selection and compounding

[0074] This embodiment uses a high-performance alloy and ceramic composite material to make the bushing, and the specific material composition is as follows:

[0075] 1. Material selection and ratio:

[0076] The alloy material (AxByCz) and ceramic material (MxNy) in this embodiment are carefully selected and proportioned to achieve the best performance combination.

[0077] Alloy materials: The main elements include high temperature resistant Mo, W, Zr, Ta, etc., anti-oxidation and corrosion resistant Cr, Al, Ti, etc., and alloy strengthening phase forming Nb, Ir, Re, etc. By adjusting the content ratio of each element, the alloy's high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties are optimized.

[0078] In this embodiment, the main element composition of the metal alloy is AxByCz (x=1~n, y=0~n, z=0~n).

[0079] in:

[0080] A is a high temperature resistant metal element component, including one or more of molybdenum (Mo), lanthanum (La) and other lanthanide elements, tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), and hafnium (Hf) mixed in a set ratio.

[0081] B is an anti-oxidation and corrosion-resistant metal element component, including one or more of chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), and titanium (Ti) mixed in a specific ratio.

[0082] C is an element component that forms an alloy strengthening phase to improve the high temperature strength of the alloy, including one or more of niobium (Nb), iridium (Ir), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), and ruthenium (Ru) mixed in a specific ratio.

[0083] Preferably, the alloy material used in this example has a composition ratio of 100 parts by weight of Zr to 1 part by weight of Ti (ZrTi0.01).

[0084] Ceramic materials: Structural ceramics, electrical ceramics, refractory ceramics and other high-performance ceramic materials are selected, and the main element composition is MxNy (x=1~n, y=1~n).

[0085] in:

[0086] M is a metal element, including one or more of molybdenum (Mo), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La), and hafnium (Hf);

[0087] N is a non-metallic element, including one or more of silicon (Si), boron (B), oxygen (O), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N).

[0088] Preferably, the ceramic material component selected in this example is 100 parts by weight of ZrSi2 composited with 40 parts by weight of ZrB2. This material has excellent high temperature resistance, wear resistance and insulation properties. After being composited with the alloy material, the comprehensive performance of the leak plate can be further improved.

[0089] 2. If Figure 5 As shown, the processing steps of the fiber drawing leak plate are as follows:

[0090] According to the different molten fiber material liquids selected, the fiber drawing bushing of this embodiment adopts the following processing technology:

[0091] Cold pressing: After mixing the metal alloy material and ceramic material powder in a certain proportion, cold pressing is performed to obtain a preliminary shape of the leak plate blank.

[0092] High temperature sintering: The cold-pressed leaky plate blank is placed in a high temperature sintering furnace for high temperature sintering at a temperature of 1500-1600°C and a holding time of four hours to densify the material.

[0093] Powder metallurgy: The sintered leak plate is treated with powder metallurgy to improve the strength and hardness of the material.

[0094] Finishing: The leak plate is finished by carving, milling and other process steps to form the upper plate hole 11, the flow trough filter 12, the thermocouple jack 21, the leak nozzle and other structures to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of each component.

[0095] 3. Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment also provides a method for using the above alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0096] Prepare the bushing: Install the prepared alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing on the drawing equipment to ensure that all components are tightly connected.

[0097] Preparation of molten fiber material: Pour the pre-melted basalt liquid (as an example) through the upper plate hole 11 in the middle of the upper plate 1, and ensure that the liquid flows through the liquid flow trough filter screen 12 to filter out impurities.

[0098] Heating and temperature monitoring: The substrate 3 is heated by the electrode plate 31 to keep the molten basalt liquid at a stable temperature. At the same time, the temperature inside the leak plate is monitored by a thermocouple inserted into the thermocouple jack 21, and the heating intensity is adjusted as needed to maintain an appropriate temperature (such as about 1400°C) to ensure the fluidity of the molten material.

[0099] Fiber drawing process: At a stable temperature, the molten basalt liquid flows to the substrate 3 and draws out fibers through the nozzle. The aperture and distribution of the nozzle are predetermined according to the required fiber diameter, length and production process to ensure the uniformity and quality of the drawn fiber.

[0100] Cooling and shaping: The drawn basalt fiber is cooled and shaped to obtain the desired fiber product.

[0101] Subsequent processing: The fibers after shaping are subjected to necessary subsequent processing, such as cutting, sorting, packaging, etc., to meet the needs of different application fields.

[0102] 4. Optimization of wire drawing process based on different molten materials

[0103] This embodiment optimizes the wire drawing process for different types of molten fiber materials (such as glass liquid, aluminum silicate liquid, etc.), and the specific measures include:

[0104] Material adaptability adjustment: adjust the material ratio and processing technology of the leak plate according to the selected molten fiber material.

[0105] For example, for glass liquid, it may be necessary to increase the proportion of ceramic material to improve the corrosion resistance of the bushing; for aluminum silicate liquid, it may be necessary to optimize the combination of alloy elements to improve high temperature resistance.

[0106] Optimization of nozzle design: According to the type and specification of drawn fiber, the aperture, distribution and shape of the nozzle are optimized.

[0107] For example, for situations where fine diameter fibers are required, a nozzle with a smaller aperture can be used; for situations where high-strength fibers are required, the shape and distribution of the nozzle can be adjusted to improve the uniformity of fiber stretching.

[0108] Processing technology selection: Select the appropriate processing technology based on the characteristics of the molten fiber material and the design requirements of the leak plate.

[0109] For example, for leak plate structures with complex shapes, 3D printing technology can be used for rapid prototyping; for leak nozzle parts that require high-precision processing, fine processing technologies such as carving and milling can be used.

[0110] 5. Processing technology and fiber type

[0111] Depending on the selected molten fiber material, the processing technology of the leak plate can be cold pressing, high temperature sintering, powder metallurgy, carving, milling, casting, static pressing and 3D printing.

[0112] When the main material of the leak plate is alloy, the processing technology can be selected from cold pressing, powder metallurgy, milling, casting and 3D printing.

[0113] When the leak plate is ceramic, the processing technology can be selected as high temperature sintering, carving, static pressure forming, etc.; when the alloy and ceramic are combined, it has the above processing technologies of alloy and ceramic.

[0114] This embodiment uses high-temperature sintering combined with powder metallurgy technology to prepare the bushing to ensure the material's compactness and high-temperature resistance. The bushing was used to successfully draw basalt fibers with a diameter of 10 μm and adjustable length, as well as glass fibers, aluminum silicate fibers and other high-performance fibers, demonstrating its wide applicability.

[0115] The alloy and ceramic composite fiber drawing leak plate in this embodiment has excellent high temperature resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, and can effectively filter impurities in the molten liquid to ensure the purity and quality of the fiber. At the same time, the rationality of the leak nozzle design and the improvement of processing accuracy make the drawn basalt fiber uniform in diameter and controllable in length, meeting the production requirements of high-performance fibers. In addition, compared with the traditional platinum-rhodium alloy leak plate, the composite leak plate in this embodiment has significant cost advantages, which helps to promote the large-scale production and wide application of high-performance fibers.

[0116] In summary, the alloy and ceramic composite fiber drawing leak plate and its use method provided in this embodiment not only solve the problems of high cost and limited resources of traditional precious metal materials, but also realize the stable and efficient production of high-performance fibers by optimizing material composition and structural design, providing strong support for the widespread application of high-performance fibers.

[0117] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0118] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it; when the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. An alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing, characterized in that: include: An upper plate (1), wherein an upper plate hole (11) is provided in the middle of the upper plate (1), wherein the upper plate hole (11) is used to accommodate and guide molten fiber material, and wherein a flow trough filter screen (12) is provided in the upper plate to filter impurities; A side plate (2), the side plate (2) being connected to the upper plate (1) and the base plate (3) to form a cavity for accommodating the molten fiber material, and a thermocouple jack (21) is provided on the wall of the side plate (2) for inserting a thermocouple to monitor and adjust the internal temperature of the leaking plate; A base plate (3), the base plate (3) being located at the bottom of the drain plate and used for supporting and guiding out the molten fiber material; Electrode plates (31) are provided at both ends of the substrate (3) for heating the substrate (3) to maintain a stable temperature of the molten fiber material; external reinforcing plates (33) are provided on both sides of the substrate (3) to enhance the overall strength and stability of the leak plate; a plurality of leak nozzles (33) penetrating the substrate (3) are provided in the middle of the substrate (3) for drawing the molten fiber solution into fibers.

2. The alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper plate (1), the side plate (2) and the base plate (3) are all made of a composite of metal alloy materials and / or ceramic materials or are made separately.

3. The alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main element composition of the metal alloy material is A x B y C z (x=1~n, y=0~n, z=0~n), where: A is a high temperature resistant metal element, including at least one element selected from molybdenum, lanthanum and other lanthanide elements, tungsten, nickel, cobalt, zirconium, tantalum and hafnium, and mixed in a set ratio; B is an oxidation-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal element, including at least one of chromium, aluminum, and titanium, and mixed in a set ratio; C is used to form an alloy strengthening phase, and includes at least one element selected from niobium, iridium, rhenium, osmium, and ruthenium, and is mixed in a set ratio.

4. The alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ceramic material includes structural ceramics, electrical ceramics, refractory ceramics, functional ceramics, and ceramic composite materials. The element composition of the ceramic material is M x N y (x=1~n, y=1~n), where: M is a metal element, including at least one of molybdenum, zirconium, tantalum, lanthanum and hafnium; N is a non-metallic element, including at least one of silicon, boron, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen.

5. A method for using an alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushing, characterized in that: A fiber drawing bushing using the alloy described in any one of items 1 to 4 and a ceramic-based material comprises the following steps: a) preparing alloy and ceramic based fiber drawing bushings; b) pouring the pre-melted fiber material liquid through the upper plate and the upper plate hole in the middle, and ensuring that the liquid flows through the liquid flow trough filter screen to filter out impurities; c) heating the substrate through the electrode plate to keep the temperature of the molten fiber material stable; d) Monitor the internal temperature of the drain plate using a thermocouple inserted into the thermocouple jack and adjust the heating intensity as needed to maintain the appropriate temperature; e) allowing the molten fiber material liquid to flow to the substrate at a stable temperature and pulling out the fiber through the nozzle; f) Cooling and shaping the drawn fibers to obtain desired ceramic fibers or other types of fibers.

6. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step b, the fiber material liquid selected may include: basalt liquid, glass liquid or other molten materials suitable for making fibers.

7. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step e, the aperture and distribution of the nozzles are predetermined according to the diameter, length and production process of the drawn fibers to ensure the uniformity and quality of the drawn fibers.

8. The method of use according to claim 6, characterized in that: According to the different molten fiber material liquids selected, the processing technology of the fiber drawing leak plate includes: at least one of cold pressing, high temperature sintering, powder metallurgy, carving, milling, casting, static pressing and 3D printing.

9. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fibers drawn out according to steps a to f include at least one of basalt fibers, glass fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, mullite fibers, aluminum oxide fibers, quartz fibers, silicon carbide fibers, zirconium oxide fibers, and nitride fibers.

10. A process for processing alloy and ceramic-based fiber drawing bushings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Cold pressing: mixing metal alloy material and ceramic material powder in a predetermined ratio, followed by cold pressing to obtain a preliminary shape of the drain plate blank; High temperature sintering: placing the cold-pressed drain plate blank in a high temperature sintering furnace, sintering it at a temperature range of 1500-1600°C, and maintaining the temperature for at least four hours to promote the densification of the material; Powder metallurgy treatment: Powder metallurgy treatment is performed on the high-temperature sintered bushing to enhance the strength and hardness of the material; Finishing: Carving, milling and other processes are used to carry out fine processing on the fiber drawing leak plate to ensure that the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of each component meet the predetermined requirements.

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