Industrial gear unit in form of planetary gear having intermediate element assembly, method and use

Abstract

The invention relates to an industrial gear unit (100) having at least one shaft (101) and at least one shaft receptacle (103) for mounting the shaft in an axially fixed manner, the shaft being mounted in the shaft receptacle in an axially fixed manner in at least one axial portion (X1, X2) of the shaft, according to the invention, an intermediate element assembly (10) is arranged between the shaft receptacle (103) and the shaft (101) in such a way as to act in the axial section, said intermediate element assembly being mounted between the shaft and the shaft receptacle in an axially fixed and axially force-transmitting manner, the intermediate element assembly has a laser structured surface (10.1) in at least one surface portion (10.1 a, 10.1 b) on the shaft and / or on the shaft receptacle and is thus intended for at least substantially force-fitting and optionally also form-fitting support with respect to an axial displacement, wherein a conical pressure fit or similar connection which produces a form fit at a macro level can be additionally provided. The invention also relates to a corresponding intermediate element having a laser-structured surface for such an intermediate element assembly, to a method for the production thereof, and to the use thereof in planetary gear systems, in particular for wind turbines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an industrial gear unit in the form of a planetary transmission, having at least one shaft and at least one shaft receiver for axially fixedly mounting the shaft, wherein the shaft is mounted in the shaft receiver in an axially fixed manner in at least one axial section, optionally in two axial sections, in particular at the free end of the shaft in each case, wherein an intermediate element assembly is arranged between the shaft receiver and the shaft in a manner acting in at least one axial section, in particular realizing an industrial gear unit in the form of a planetary transmission or comprising at least one planetary transmission stage. Furthermore, the invention relates to an intermediate element with an advantageously structured surface for such an intermediate element assembly. In particular, the invention relates to an industrial gear unit according to the features of the independent device claim and to a method and a use according to the parallel claims. Background Art

[0002] The high output density in (industrial) gear units, for example planetary gears, in particular of wind power plants (wind power plant drive trains), requires sufficient stiffness, in particular of the torque transmission components and the corresponding fasteners and fixings. In particular in planetary gears, the shaft fixings on the planet carrier with multiple planets tend to undergo disadvantageous micro-movements under load, in particular in the case of sufficient undershoot pressure, which can lead to significantly increased wear. It has now been recognized that such local micro-movements (and therefore the associated wear) become increasingly likely due to the loss of stiffness in the surrounding components caused by the output density. Therefore, there is a great interest in ideally completely preventing these micro-movements from existing.

[0003] So far, in this respect, the shaft fixing has been realized by extending the fixing length (especially in the case of unfavorable installation space requirements) and / or by increasing the fit and thus increasing the pressure in the contact area between the shaft and the shaft receiver (especially the bore). However, the area around the shaft fixing may deform elastically due to the load, especially also in the planet carrier. In the case of thin-walled components in particular, this may have a very negative effect, especially on the adjacent bearing seat. For example, a too soft planet carrier can lead to very high axial forces acting in the area of ​​the planet pin. At the same time, the self-reinforcing negative effect caused by the increasingly loose or large press fit is also unfavorable, which therefore leads to greater displacements or relative movements in the contact area, as a result of which more material or wear (Abrieb) is generated through friction wear. The particles released due to wear may cause severe or greater secondary damage, for example due to wear, as a result of which the service life of the entire gear unit may be greatly reduced. The current situation makes it difficult for technicians in the field, especially in the field of planetary transmissions, to further improve the gear unit, for example with the intention of increasing the number of planets.

[0004] Therefore, particularly against the background of the properties of the planetary gears described herein, there is a significant interest in an ideal torsional stiffness configuration with high torque load capacity combined with avoiding or at least minimizing wear, particularly under relatively high dynamic loads, such as in the drive trains of wind power plants.

[0005] Publication DE 10 2011 087 568 A1 describes a pin mounting for a planetary gear of a spur gear differential having a shoulder, wherein a bearing sleeve is arranged on the bearing pin at both ends, wherein the planetary gear is rotatably mounted on the bearing pin, wherein the bearing pin can be selectively mounted to rotate together or rotatably relative to the planet carrier, wherein the bearing sleeve has an axial stop extending in two radial directions, in particular extending outwards at one end and inwards at the other end, so that a form fit is ensured at multiple axial positions along the axial extent of the bearing pin, in particular by means of a bearing sleeve with an S-shaped cross-section that is axially delimited on both sides by the planet carrier in an axially adjacent manner. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a measure by which it is possible to ensure that wear is significantly reduced or effectively avoided at the interface between shaft and shaft receiver in a planetary gear, in particular with very effective (torsional) stiffness or torque-carrying capacity, in particular while also minimizing possible structural defects caused thereby in connection with the construction of the entire gear unit. In particular, the object is also to provide an axially fixed mounting at the shaft / shaft receiver interface for high-load torque transmission or, if required, for particularly high loading pressures, and in connection with an ideally large number of variants in different types of planetary gears, which is easy to use, in particular in combination with insignificant wear or at least significantly reduced wear, in particular also in planetary gears with a relatively high proportional number of planets, for example five, six, seven, eight or even nine planets.

[0007] This object is achieved by an industrial gear unit having the features of claim 1, by an intermediate element assembly manufactured according to the features of the corresponding parallel method claim, and by a corresponding use according to the features of the corresponding parallel use claim. Preferred design embodiments are given in the dependent claims and in the following description, each of which can represent an aspect of the invention in each case alone or in combination with one another. When a feature is described in combination with another feature, this serves only to simplify the description of the invention but is not intended to indicate in any case that this feature cannot be a development of the invention without the other feature.

[0008] One aspect of the invention relates to an, in particular wear-reducing or wear-preventing, mounting of at least one shaft in an (industrial) gear unit in the form of a planetary transmission.

[0009] To this extent, an industrial gear unit is provided, which comprises at least one planetary transmission stage, which has at least one shaft and at least one shaft receiver for mounting the shaft in an axially fixed manner, wherein the shaft is mounted in an axially fixed manner in the shaft receiver in at least one axial section, optionally in two axial sections, in particular on one free end of the shaft in each case; wherein an intermediate element assembly is arranged between the shaft receiver and the shaft in a manner acting in at least one axial section, the intermediate element assembly being mounted in an axially fixed manner between the shaft and the shaft receiver (in particular in a press fit, interference fit). This expands the mounting options and importantly also enables individualization and reinforcement in a simple manner and increases the service life. Therefore, according to the invention, it is proposed to implement wear reduction measures by at least one additional intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly.

[0010] The intermediate element assembly herein has a structured surface in at least one surface portion at the shaft and / or at the shaft receiver, the structured surface comprising at least one (axial force transmitting) laser structured surface, which is designated for support with respect to axial displacements. This also provides an effective preventive measure against wear, in particular due to axial relative movements between the shaft and the shaft receiver.

[0011] In the process, in connection with a particularly torsion-resistant design embodiment, a relatively high torque transmission capacity and rigidity of the entire gear unit assembly can be achieved; at the same time, axial relative movements between the shaft and the shaft receiver that may occur, in particular under high dynamic loads, can be effectively offset. The measures described here with respect to at least one intermediate element are also advantageous with respect to an expansion to a relatively large number of planets, for example seven or more planets; such an expansion may have the disadvantage that the determined dimensions of each planet (shaft) must tend to the more fragile / smaller side, resulting in a related reduction in structural strength - however, it has been shown that the intermediate element assembly described herein, in particular when implemented on each planet shaft, can well compensate for this possible disadvantage, which depends on the application and specification, in particular because the planet shaft together with the corresponding one or more intermediate elements imitates a support rod in terms of structure.

[0012] It will be appreciated that the intermediate element assembly described herein functions in a reinforcing manner in the intended installation situation and use situation, in particular in such a way that even in the case of a large number of planets, the planet carrier remains torsionally rigid and is / remains designated for a relatively high torque transmission potential, which is also necessary in particular for wind energy installations that are also subject to high dynamic load changes. In connection with a good reinforcing effect not only in the region of the respective pins but also in the entire planet carrier, in particular due to the high axial force transmission capacity ensured at the interface of the pin and the planet carrier, the intermediate element assembly described herein can ensure that axial relative movements and thus wear / abrasion caused in particular by high rotational and bending moments transmitted at the planet carrier are counteracted.

[0013] It will be understood that the intermediate element assemblies described herein function in a wear-reducing or wear-preventing manner under the intended installation conditions and use conditions, in particular because axial relative movement can be practically excluded. If in the present disclosure a general reference is made to an intermediate element assembly, this is to be understood to mean accordingly an intermediate element assembly that reduces or prevents wear during the intended use.

[0014] It is understood that the "structured surface" described with reference to the intermediate element assembly does not necessarily have to be provided exclusively by means of the (corresponding) intermediate element, but can also be provided at least partially by the shaft and / or the shaft receiver. For example, a relatively fine structured structure that acts essentially in a force-fitting manner is provided at the shaft, and a relatively coarse structured structure that acts in a form-fitting manner is provided on the outer shell surface of at least one intermediate element.

[0015] It is to be understood that the term "structured surface" or "structure" according to the present disclosure may denote a plurality of surface portions, wherein in any case at least one laser structured surface or at least one laser structured surface portion is comprised for each shaft / shaft receiver pair. In other words, the invention is based on the idea of ​​ensuring a wear-inhibiting / wear-reducing reinforcement essentially based on a minimally sized structure, which is able to ensure an axially fixed connection for axial force transmission in a force-fitting manner, thus in combination with normal forces, in particular in particularly torsionally rigid components of planetary carriers. Furthermore, other structured surfaces (surface portions) may be provided, in particular other structured surfaces (surface portions) in which a form-fitting effect, in particular in the area of ​​the shaft receiver or in terms of surface pairing at the planetary carrier, is also more important. In the context of the inventive concept based on force fit, it has also been demonstrated herein that, in addition to the laser structuring, cold welding or cold welding based on particularly smooth, in particular highly polished surfaces can also be advantageously achieved or induced during operation or by application, in particular in combination with microstructured or nanostructured adhesion, for example at other axial positions, however, this effect is also or will be highly dependent on the operating or load conditions specific to the respective application and is therefore described herein only as an embodiment that supplements the laser structuring, for example in other surface portions of the intermediate element assembly, in other words without intending to replace the laser structuring.

[0016] It should be understood that the intermediate element assembly described herein can have a plurality of intermediate elements, in particular at least one per (planet) shaft. In this context, the respective intermediate elements can have an individual configuration, for example depending on their axial position (e.g. the input side of the gear unit can be designed differently than the output side of the gear unit).

[0017] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element of one of the following design embodiments: slotted sleeve, profiled bushing, profiled bushing with inner nut, profiled bushing in combination with cone, intermediate ring. Just as importantly, this also provides a high degree of variability with regard to application-specific embodiments, in particular also depending on the corresponding number of planetary shafts. The laser structuring in this context is preferably provided on at least one inner shell surface.

[0018] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element having at least one structured surface from at least one of the following geometrical design embodiments, in particular on its outer shell surface: conical, spherical, knurled, provided with teeth, formed as a spiral or wavy. Equally importantly, this also enables a specific design with regard to specific application characteristics, for example with regard to the respective shaft ends, in particular also depending on the respective number of planetary shafts. The laser structuring in this context can also be provided independently of the (macro) geometrical design embodiment of the outer shell surface of the intermediate element selected in the respective case. Furthermore, in the case of a (rough) structure of the outer shell surface in combination with a fine and essentially force-fitting structure at the shaft, the manufacturing complexity can be minimized.

[0019] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed to be incorporated between the shaft and the shaft receiver in the manner of a pin. This also, importantly, expands the possibilities in terms of application and assembly. Incorporation or assembly can be achieved here, for example, by thermal measures (especially also thermal coupling) and / or by impact drive or pulse drive.

[0020] According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one laser structured surface is incorporated at a specific circumferential position, in particular in the region of a circumferential position at the shaft, so as to deviate from the region of the circumferential position at the shaft receiver (e.g. the corresponding circumferential region is in the range of 45° to 90°). Equally importantly, this also makes it possible to provide a relatively specific fixing at the shaft that is different from the fixing at the shaft receiver, as a result of which, for example, variable load conditions in the circumferential and axial directions in the contact region can also be taken into account accordingly.

[0021] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly comprises a plurality of intermediate elements which, together with the respective (planet) axles, structurally mimic the support rods of the planet carrier. Equally importantly, this provides the entire planet carrier module with particularly high rigidity and torque transmission capacity.

[0022] The intermediate element assembly has a laser structured surface in at least one surface portion at the shaft (inside) and / or at the shaft receiver (outside) and is therefore designed for supporting with respect to axial displacements (and therefore with respect to axial relative movements between the shaft and the shaft receiver) in an at least substantially force-fitting manner and optionally also in a form-fitting manner. The function of the axial fixed anchoring in this context can be provided or ensured by an additional intermediate element assembly acting between the shaft and the shaft receiver or by at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly, in particular in an at least substantially force-fitting manner (in particular at the shaft) on the one hand and in a form-fitting manner (in particular at the shaft receiver) on the other hand. Equally importantly, this enables a more individual and more independent optimization of this interface, which is relatively heavily stressed in mechanical terms, in particular with the intention of avoiding micro-movements, in particular due to the provision of at least one further individualizable contact surface for at least substantially force-fitting and optionally form-fitting (also referred to here as form-fitting and / or force-fitting), in contrast to direct contact between the shaft and the shaft receiver, in particular also based on a material pairing that can be selected to be optimized for a specific application. Such a shaft fastening with an intermediate element assembly also offers many other more indirect advantages, such as greater variability / flexibility in the choice of materials or thinner / cheaper manufacturing methods in terms of shaft and shaft receiver, and just as importantly also advantages in the context of assembly. Particularly advantageous fields of application occur, for example, in wind energy gear units with friction mounting, industrial gear units with one or more planetary transmission stages, pure planetary gear units and many other industrial applications.

[0023] It should be understood that in the context of an intermediate element assembly, generally form-fitting and / or force-fitting are mentioned here, in particular because each of the intermediate elements of the intermediate element assembly can also function in a substantially form-fitting manner. In the laser-structured surface structure of at least one of the intermediate elements, a substantially force-fitting axial fixing retention effect is achieved, which effect can also be optionally supplemented with a form-fitting effect by means of the same intermediate element, in particular in the case of a profiled sleeve.

[0024] Advantageously, the structuring provided on the inner and / or outer shell surface itself already constitutes a component of the desired force fit / form fit at the corresponding contact shell surface. Such structuring is particularly suitable in the context of a standard axial fixed installation that is strong and relatively slender in construction or a corresponding axial fixed installation (assembly method). In addition to the structuring, bonding, conical pressure fit and / or other types of connections described in detail herein can also be provided, which are, for example, based on a combination of form fit / force fit or can also act in a basic form fit manner. It should be understood that in the context of the present disclosure, a material-integrated fit (e.g. bonding) can be additionally realized, for example in the context of a safety function, where the material-integrated connection is not intended to contribute to the transmission of axial forces or other relatively high force flows.

[0025] On the one hand, it is preferred to provide at least one relatively rough surface structure that acts basically in a form-fitting manner, wherein axial relative movement can be excluded by form-fitting; on the other hand, it is also preferred to provide at least one relatively fine surface structure that acts basically in a force-fitting / friction-fitting manner, wherein axial relative movement can be excluded by a high level of static friction.

[0026] Advantageously, surface structures acting in a force-fitting / positive-fitting manner are provided on the inner and outer sides of the shell surface of the respective intermediate element, so that fixation with respect to axial displacement / relative movement can be ensured optionally only by means of at least one intermediate element, for example also in the form of a sleeve. As a result, the respective intermediate element also fulfils the basic function in conjunction with the axial anchoring of the shaft in the shaft receiver, in particular the shaft and / or the shaft receiver do not have to undergo a specific surface treatment.

[0027] It has been demonstrated herein that, in particular in planetary transmissions, the more fragile and therefore more susceptible to wear components (or particularly fragile components) are often the shaft receivers (or the corresponding holes in the planet carriers), which, due to their size and their nature, can only be protected from wear in a complex manner. In this respect, the invention also makes it possible to overcome previous difficulties and, at the same time, also facilitates expansion towards a relatively large number of planets.

[0028] In the present context, an “industrial gear unit” is generally understood to be a transmission for industrial applications comprising at least one planetary transmission stage, for example in the form of a (bevel) spur gear or a planetary transmission or a screw extruder transmission or a ship transmission or a generator transmission or an excavator transmission or a mill transmission or a chassis gear transmission, which in each case has at least one planetary transmission stage.

[0029] In this context, “axially fixed mounting of a shaft” is generally understood to mean a fixed shaft seat which transmits forces axially and in which a firm hold, in particular with regard to axial relative movements, must be ensured, in particular in combination with a high torsional rigidity.

[0030] In the following, reference is made to an intermediate element assembly or, alternatively, to a single or respective intermediate element of an intermediate element assembly, wherein the corresponding disclosure applies analogously in each case. In the present text, an intermediate element assembly may also optionally comprise a plurality of (intermediate) elements, whereas when only one intermediate element is explicitly mentioned, this may relate to a single element (intermediate element assembly with a particular intermediate element at a respective bearing point) at a particular bearing point or at a particular axial section (e.g. in the region of a shaft end), unless expressly stated otherwise. An industrial gear unit may easily have a plurality of bearing points or a plurality of shafts, which in each case have one or more intermediate elements, in particular in planetary transmissions with at least one planet carrier, which provides shaft receivers for a plurality of planet shafts; to this extent, the term "intermediate element assembly" is also not limited to a particular number of (intermediate) elements. For example, an intermediate element assembly comprises at least a number of intermediate elements corresponding to the number of planet shafts, or even at least twice the number of intermediate elements (attached to both axial sections of the respective shaft, in particular in the region of both shaft ends).

[0031] In other words, the present invention is also based on the following concept: at least one intermediate element is provided between the shaft and the shaft receiver or the planetary carrier, which intermediate element can ensure wear protection for the shaft receiver, in particular the (planetary) carrier hole, in a way that can be personalized and specific to the application, for example by defining a specific surface structure and / or material hardness. At least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly is preferably provided as an elastic, naturally hard, nitrided or hardened intermediate element, for example in the manner of a (molded) bushing or in an assembly or functional mode. In this article, the (corresponding) intermediate element improves wear assistance, in particular in at least one fixing point of the shaft, in particular substantially independent of the basic material. In this article, the intermediate element can also be composed of one or more layers of different materials. In this article, the hard layer provides advantageously significant wear protection, while the soft layer can also mainly ensure elastic deformation, in particular without turbulence. To this extent, the corresponding selected material combination can also enable the implementation of advantageous functional integration (multifunctionality) in only a single intermediate element. Here, those skilled in the art can individually determine which hardness ranges are considered to be relatively hard and relatively soft in each case for the corresponding specific application, in particular according to the materials of the shaft and the receiver.

[0032] At least one intermediate element preferably has a structuring on at least one outer (shell) surface, which acts in a form-fitting manner and is designed to counteract axial relative movements, in particular to prevent axial relative movements from occurring. In this context, it has been demonstrated that a structure of this type, which acts outward in a planar manner, can effectively counteract axial displacements out of the shaft hole (or corresponding axial relative movements), which is achieved both primarily in a form-fitting manner (preferably on at least one radially outer surface) and in a force-fitting / friction-fitting manner (preferably on at least one radially inner surface) by / due to corresponding structuring (laser structuring, structures that increase the friction coefficient, and also nanostructure adhesion) (in the context of additional fixing features, material-integrated fixing can optionally also be provided without the fixing features having to provide high force flows). In this context, the corresponding intermediate element can also optionally be embodied as a (simple) cone, a polyconical shape, in particular in the form of a pin, or as a wave.

[0033] Here, according to an exemplary embodiment, the fit formed by the shaft and the hole or the receiver can also be extended by increasing the friction coefficient and / or by a wedge-shaped or spiral surface on the inner side of the (corresponding) intermediate element, as a result of which the deformation of the support component under load can also be reduced. The inner side herein can counteract uncontrolled friction wear. Here, due to this structuring, a relatively hard surface structure can also be achieved, which is insoluble (not deformable to its initial state) and does not or at most only slightly impair the tolerances of the shaft (or the tolerances required for the corresponding application) that were usually previously obtained by precision machining.

[0034] One of the types of structuring described herein may optionally occur or be arranged on a corresponding intermediate element or on a shaft and may be divided into a plurality of regions across the circumference and / or axially in the direction of load and movement and may be designed or constructed / manufactured accordingly to be stronger, more fragile, rented or have a reducing effect in the direction of the connection. Within these regions, the line density, the direction of the structure and / or the strength and shape of the structure may be particularly adapted to the specific characteristics and requirements of the corresponding axial contact. To this extent, the invention also provides a relatively high degree of variability.

[0035] The intermediate element can, for example, have an integrated upwardly extending surface which is designated for the frictional mounting between the planet gear and the planet carrier and can be implemented in this context, for example, as continuous, slotted or segmented. Here, the contact surface shape with a spherical preliminary contour can also compensate for any possible deformations, which are caused, for example, in particular by the assembly process. To this extent, the intermediate element can also be realized to function in the context of a compensation element.

[0036] The intermediate element can also be thickened or tapered on one side, in particular in order to compensate for position tolerances of the shaft receiver (or the bracket bore) by orientation during assembly. Equally important, this increases the load-bearing capacity of the bracket module. Alternatively, the axial bore can also be realized in the already assembled state of the intermediate element. To this extent, the invention also provides technically feasible solutions for different assembly situations.

[0037] For example, to facilitate deformation, the intermediate element (e.g., in the form of a pin) can be slotted, perforated or segmented, hardened or nitrided, and can be implemented with or without a coating that facilitates assembly. In this regard, the exemplary embodiments described herein should not be understood as limiting.

[0038] In this context, the shaft receiver or the bracket bore can optionally be formed in the form of a right cylinder, cone or sphere, or can be embodied optionally with recesses for axial and / or tangential fixation of the corresponding intermediate element.

[0039] In this context, the shaft receiver or the shaft seat to be structured can preferably be implemented in a cylindrical or conical, spiral or wavy shape, in particular also means Figure 1 A design embodiment for torsional self-locking. Alternatively or additionally, the coefficient of friction in at least one axial section or on at least one surface section can be increased internally and / or externally by chemical structuring or optionally also by knurling measures (according to knurling shaping) or by nanostructure adhesion. In particular in the case of a risk of axial outward relative movement, the static friction force, which acts in particular in a proportional manner, can thus be additionally increased.

[0040] Based on the intermediate element assembly described herein, in particular due to the spherical comb profile (comb tip is smoothed), advantageously stable reduced radial forces can be ensured at the end or bore end of the corresponding shaft receiver, wherein the retaining ring can be omitted and wherein the available installation space for the shaft fixing can also be extended / increased in length and can optionally be used for other purposes advantageously in terms of fixing length or pressing seat surface. Here, as mentioned, the intermediate element can be used on at least one side of the shaft fixing, optionally in the same or different design embodiments from each other. Due to the corresponding intermediate element, materials with similar properties (for example in terms of microstructure, hardness) can also be combined with each other here, which materials in each case could / would tend to increase wear without the installed intermediate element. To this extent, the invention can be implemented as a new product as well as in the context of service applications, and in this context also increases the variability in terms of materials that can be used and minimizes the complexity in terms of post-processing on the shaft receiver and / or the shaft.

[0041] It has been demonstrated that the invention can also ensure the following advantages: Compared with previous pairings (shaft to shaft receiver), no uncontrolled initial adjustment of the shaft contact occurs. This also has the effect of significantly reducing the material entering the oil and gear unit. In particular, it helps to avoid strain-hardening particles that could damage the bearings or teeth. In particular, in planetary transmissions, the improved fixation also reduces radial and axial deformations of the planetary carrier, which in turn reduces the micro-movements that occur during the contact of the shaft and thus helps to minimize friction wear. In addition, the structural components can now be more easily dimensioned to be optimized in terms of weight. Due to the increase in stiffness achieved, the support behavior of the module is improved, wherein in particular a more effective dimensioning of the teeth and the mounting can also be achieved. These measures are also directly related to the increase in output density. Due to the alignment possibility of the intermediate element during assembly, mutual manufacturing deviations of the bracket or shaft receiver and the shaft can also be compensated and optimization conditions can be set. In contrast to embodiments with a consistent tighter fit, assembly is facilitated by means of at least one intermediate element, especially in the case of slotted, segmented or conical shapes (the hole is not enlarged more than the hole that is currently required). During assembly of the shaft, the expansion may occur by heat or by impact drive or impulse drive into the bracket or shaft receiver.Alternatively, the assembly may also be achieved by thermally coupling an integral intermediate element.

[0042] In the present context, an axially fixed mounting is to be understood in particular as meaning a mounting / fastening in which the axially fixed positioning of the contact partners is primarily important, in combination with axial force transmission effects, for example in response to bending moments acting on the planet carrier, and also advantageously ensures a high torsional stiffness and a high torque transmission capacity of the entire planet carrier assembly; the shaft is arranged or fixed in a predetermined axial desired position in a force-fitting / form-fitting manner in a shaft receiver, and in the present context, the shaft defines, for example, an axis of rotation for a planet gear guided by the planet carrier. The term "axially fixed" can therefore also include a co-rotating arrangement of the shaft within the shaft receiver; according to the present disclosure, the term "axially fixed" is chosen because for the envisaged application, the task of minimizing axial relative movements is primarily to be overcome, in particular with the intention of absorbing and transmitting relatively high bending moments. However, the advantages described herein in the context of an axially fixed arrangement can also be further developed by an improved torsional strength associated with the measures according to the invention.

[0043] In the context of the present disclosure, personified terms, as long as they are neutral in this context, may relate to all parts of speech. Any English expressions or abbreviations used here are in each case customary technical expressions of the corresponding industry and are familiar to professionals of the English language. In this article, any German terms or other terms used / possibly used synonymously may be given in brackets "()" for the sake of completeness, or vice versa.

[0044] In the gear units of the past, disadvantages usually arise from the installation space length or high compression forces / contact forces and the resulting additional investment in materials and construction range of the gear unit, or a relatively strictly restricted choice of available materials. However, according to the invention, this knowledge can also be used: the functional decoupling can be ensured by means of an additional intermediate element component at the interface between the shaft and the shaft receiver, as a result of which the corresponding material pairing can also be optimized more easily for a specific function without causing significant adverse side effects. If the corresponding intermediate element can be optimized in terms of material, in particular on the inner contact side facing the shaft and the outer contact side facing the shaft receiver, the selection of the material in relation to the shaft and / or the shaft receiver can be carried out more independently of any wear aspects. In addition, the corresponding intermediate element can also assume a reliable / robust and elastic axial fixing feature or the function of axial fixing and minimize the risk of relative movements in this regard.

[0045] According to the present disclosure, in terms of industrial gear units, if reference is made to a shaft receiver, in the case of a planet carrier this also particularly relates to a shaft receiver in the planet carrier. However, independent of the gear unit type, the present disclosure generally relates to a shaft receiver of any design embodiment.

[0046] Individual exemplary embodiments will be discussed in more detail below; the feature combinations described below can in each case be combined with one another, unless explicitly denied.

[0047] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly has at least one intermediate element which is mounted in an axially fixed manner between the shaft and the shaft receiver in a (corresponding) axial section and which has in at least one outer surface section, therefore at the shaft receiver, a structured surface which acts in a form-fitting manner and preferably has a greater hardness than the corresponding surface of the shaft receiver (also elastic in the axial direction in the case of a corresponding normal force), and in at least one inner surface section, therefore at the shaft, a structured surface which acts in a force-fitting manner. This difference in the manner in which the force-fitting and / or form-fitting on the respective contact sides interact also enables a functional focus to be achieved on the respective contact surfaces so that in each case the relevant technical effect can be produced as intended at a particularly advantageous interface. Thus, the range of advantageous assembly options can also be kept as wide as possible; for example, a force-fitting connection on a flat section (or cylindrical surface) can also be achieved in a relatively simple manner with an interference fit or a press fit, still with a relatively low complexity in terms of assembly. Thus, preferably, the respective outer structured surface of the respective intermediate element is a surface which is optimized for form-fitting and in which axial restraint is / will be ensured also independently of the normal force. The respective inner structured surface is therefore preferably a surface which is optimized for force fit and in which axial self-locking can be produced as a function of the normal force or the value of this normal force. In other words: the two shell surfaces of the respective intermediate element are preferably constructed in a different manner (in particular the outer side is rougher and the inner side is finer). According to a variant of this concept, both the outer structured surface and the inner structured surface can in each case have a relatively rough structure and can additionally be provided with a relatively fine structure in such a way that functional redundancy is formed by means of rough and fine structures on both sides / shell surfaces (as explained in more detail below as an example with reference to the embodiments in the form of shaft pins / anchors or shaft collars). Optionally, the shaft can also have a surface structure in addition to or instead of the surface structure on the inner shell surface of the intermediate element.

[0048] Here, "form fit" is to be understood as meaning an axial fixation that is essentially based on the geometrical properties of the corresponding surfaces, wherein this type of effect is also emphasized here in particular by reference to relatively rougher structures; figuratively, reference is also made in particular to sawtooth profiles or fine threads or knurling, in particular at the shaft receiver. In this context, form fit can preferably be ensured because a corresponding profiled shape / geometry is formed on the intermediate element, and therefore not necessarily even on the shaft receiver itself. Due to the different material hardnesses and due to the relatively high surface pressure, a form anchoring can be achieved in this case, in particular due to the outer shell surface of the intermediate element being embedded or pressed into the corresponding inner shell surface of the shaft receiver. Therefore, "form fit" or "essentially by form fit" is to be understood as meaning a connection that is essentially based on a form fit in the sense of a macro-geometric toothing and can also optionally include a force fit (wherein at least a slightly proportional force fit can already be produced by different deformations and stresses on the contact surfaces and cannot / should not be completely excluded).

[0049] Here, "force fit" and "friction fit" or "static friction fit" in the narrow sense (referring to a connection that does not allow relative movement) are to be understood as meaning an axially fixed connection without requiring specific profiles or geometrical inhomogeneities, such as edges or shoulders or pronounced grooves or sawtooth profiles, wherein this type of effect is also emphasized, in particular, by reference to relatively fine / finer structures, in particular by reference to laser structures or laser structured surfaces, which can also (or specifically) be realized on completely flat / flat surfaces (in particular cylindrical inner shell surfaces), on which therefore no shoulders or edges in the (macro)geometric sense need be present, but rather adhesion / fixing can be ensured according to the static friction coefficient defined by the structuring combined with the normal force. In this context, the force fit is ensured according to a specific normal force acting on the contact surface (whereas in the case of a form fit, such a normal force is not necessary). The invention is therefore also based on the idea of ​​implementing different types of axial fixing effects on contact partners or shell surfaces, which are in each case particularly preferred for the purpose, in any case including a form fit based on laser structures, in particular at the shaft. Therefore, "force fit" or "essentially by force fit" is to be understood as meaning a connection that is essentially based on a force fit and can also optionally include a form fit or can be enhanced at least in small parts by a form-fit type of action (for example, if the intermediate element has a relatively rough structure or a shoulder or an upper extension or a disk or a similar contour). It can be seen from this that the interaction of these two types of actions itself cannot be excluded in practice and that according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, depending on the design embodiment of the respective intermediate element, with reference to the same intermediate element, this interaction can also be realized simultaneously, for example on both shell surfaces. Therefore, the present disclosure should also be understood in such a way that when referring to a "force fit", the corresponding surface is provided or designed or constructed for an essentially force-fit connection (here, in particular or preferably, at least one inner surface of the respective intermediate element pointing toward the axis), and when referring to a "form fit", the corresponding surface is designed or configured for an essentially form-fit connection (here, in particular or preferably, at least one outer surface of the respective intermediate element pointing toward the axis receiver). This difference provides the advantages of high variability and individualization capabilities and therefore provides the advantages of a large optimization potential for the respective gear unit, for example also in combination with different hardnesses or different layers of different materials. In this context, the force fit and / or form fit to be achieved at the respective shell surfaces or interfaces does not necessarily have to be achieved by measures on the part of the intermediate element, but can also be achieved by measures on the part of the shaft and / or on the part of the shaft receiver, optionally alone, optionally in combination with measures on the intermediate element. The following illustrative exemplary embodiments further explain and concretely visualize this functional distinction.

[0050] Here, the invention is also based on the idea that at least one intermediate element is designed to be harder than the shaft receiver on at least one side, in particular on the outer surface; in this way, the shaft receiver can be designed with advantageous material properties to a large extent independently of the wear protection requirements, and the wear protection function can be ensured with the help of the intermediate element assembly. Therefore, with the help of the intermediate element assembly, it is not necessary or only to a greatly reduced extent to process the material on the shaft receiver and / or the shaft. Advantageously, the intermediate element assembly can be provided in such a way that the material selection and any post-processing of the shaft and the shaft receiver can be carried out in an ideally wide range of variations and flexibly with respect to other requirements besides wear protection. For example, the shaft end can optionally be / has been processed. However, according to the invention, this is not necessary. Optionally, the shaft can be structured externally in an optimal manner for a force fit or a press fit, and can also be implemented here to be relatively hard (in particular martensitic hardness), in particular by laser structuring.

[0051] For example, the corresponding intermediate element is designed with a relatively coarse structure for form fit on the outside, and the shaft is designed with a relatively fine structure for basic force fit.Alternatively or additionally, the relatively fine structure can also be arranged on the inner shell surface of the intermediate element.

[0052] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element in one of the following design embodiments: a slotted sleeve; a profiled bushing, in particular with an upwardly extending surface (in particular L-shaped) and / or with an inner nut and / or in combination with a cone; an intermediate ring, in particular conical, spherical, knurled, provided with teeth; a profiled spiral or wave-shaped. These variants, which are described in more detail below, also provide in each case particularly advantageous arrangements in specific applications, in particular in each case with regard to the mounting of a planet shaft in a planet carrier of a planetary transmission.

[0053] In this context, the upward extension surface facilitates the relative axial positioning of, for example, the planetary gears, for example due to the provision of corresponding sections or support points. In contrast, a separate upward extension disc is considered to be a rather expensive solution, in which additional fixing features are required. The concept according to the invention now makes it possible to integrate this optional functionality in a relatively simple and robust manner.

[0054] The shaft itself is also preferably provided with a corresponding surface structure, in particular also with a relatively fine surface structure corresponding to the inner surface of the corresponding intermediate element. In this context, an ideal hardness material of the shaft, for example a martensitic hardness, is also particularly advantageous. Thus, a very well-adhering force fit and pressure fit is achieved in the interior of the intermediate element assembly. For the corresponding example application, the person skilled in the art can specify whether the corresponding shaft should also be present in a structured manner or whether only the intermediate element should be present in a structured manner.

[0055] Advantageously, the intermediate element assembly has at least one intermediate element which is designated for axial positioning of the planetary gears of the industrial gear unit, for example also in combination with an integrated overhang surface. This function can also replace a conventional overhang disc (used as a separate component) or make it omitted.

[0056] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element having at least one material layer having a hardness different from the hardness of the material of the shaft and / or the shaft receiver. Equally importantly, this also helps to achieve a desired type of target setting of a substantially force-fitting adhesion by manipulating the surface properties of at least one shell surface of the respective intermediate element.

[0057] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly comprises an intermediate element designed as a slotted sleeve, wherein the structured surface for form-fitting support in at least one axial portion in the axial direction is provided externally with a surface structure that acts in a form-fitting manner, in particular in the manner of a sawtooth profile or a (fine) thread; or is designed in the manner of a knurl. It is also important that this design embodiment is also distinguished by an advantageously simple basic shape and can be used for many different types of shaft and shaft receiver pairings. Here, the structured surface for force-fitting support in the axial direction can also be provided in particular in at least one axial portion with a relatively macroscopic geometry added internally, which has a surface structure that acts in a force-fitting manner, is introduced by laser structuring and has an increased static friction coefficient. This also enables a very reliable axial fixed contact to be achieved internally. In this design embodiment, it can be advantageous when the shaft is optimally structured externally for force-fitting and pressure-fitting (Presssiz), and is also implemented to be relatively hard (in particular martensitic hardness), in particular by laser structuring, in particular with a structure corresponding to the inner surface of the intermediate element. Optionally, both or only one of the at least two shell surfaces which bear against one another at the shaft is surface structured, thus the inner shell surface of the intermediate element or the outer shell surface of the shaft.

[0058] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a slotted sleeve or a slotted profiled bushing. Equally important, this also facilitates assembly or expands the range of available assembly methods.

[0059] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element, which in a design embodiment is a sleeve or a profiled bushing, which in each case has an integrated upper extension surface or profile, wherein the structured surface for form-fitting support in at least one axial portion in the axial direction is provided externally with a surface structure that acts in a form-fitting manner, in particular in the form of a sawtooth profile or a thread, or in the manner of a knurl, wherein the sleeve or the profiled bushing preferably has a supporting frictionally coated upper extension surface or a sliding bearing coated collar on the end side. It is also important that this design embodiment also facilitates integration at the interface between the planet carrier and the planet shaft and can also advantageously minimize friction or wear at at least one end side. In this context, the structured surface for force-fitting support in at least one axial portion in the axial direction can be provided internally with a surface structure that acts in a force-fitting manner, is introduced by laser structuring and has an increased static friction coefficient. This also enables a very reliable axial fixed adhesion with respect to axial relative movement to be achieved internally without the corresponding shell surface having to be provided with additional geometric shaping (in macroscopic terms) for this purpose. It is also important that this also has advantages in terms of the ideal expansion possibilities in terms of assembly / coupling. Optionally, both or only one of the at least two shell surfaces which bear against each other at the shaft is surface structured, thus the inner shell surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) shell surface of the shaft.

[0060] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a sleeve or a profiled bushing which comprises a surface structure in the form of a sawtooth profile or a thread or a knurling. Here, this structure can also be predetermined according to a specific shell surface and / or a specific axial position, in particular also in combination or superimposed with the laser structure described herein.

[0061] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly comprises an L-shaped profiled bushing, in particular an L-shaped profiled bushing with an inner nut or in combination with a cone, wherein the structured surface for form-fitting support in at least one axial section in the axial direction is provided externally with a surface structure that acts in a form-fitting manner, in particular in the form of a sawtooth profile or a thread or is provided in a knurled manner, wherein the profiled bushing is preferably coated with a supporting friction on the end side, wherein the profiled bushing is fixed on the shaft in the axial direction by means of the inner nut and / or the cone. As a result, and equally importantly, this can also achieve further advantages with regard to the installation situation; for example, a retaining ring can be omitted in a planetary gear. Here, the structured surface for force-fitting support in at least one axial section in the axial direction can be provided internally with a surface structure that acts in a force-fitting manner, is introduced by laser structuring and has an increased static friction coefficient. This also enables a very reliable axial fixed adhesion to be achieved internally with respect to axial relative movements. Here, the cone provided in conjunction with the profiled bushing can be provided as a conical shaft seat, in particular on the opposite shaft ends of the shaft delimited on the two axial sections. This type of design embodiment also offers the advantage of very efficient axial load transfer at one of the shaft ends (particularly against the background of further shell surfaces contacting each other), in particular in combination with a relatively simple / favorable assembly. Optionally, both or only one of the at least two shell surfaces that abut against each other at the shaft are surface structured, thus the inner shell surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) shell surface of the shaft.

[0062] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a profiled bushing in combination with an inner nut or a cone. Optionally, the component combination of shaft receiver and shaft can therefore also be equipped with additional functions, in particular in an axial position-specific manner (e.g. only on one of the shaft ends).

[0063] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly has a cone which, in combination with a profiled bushing, provides a conical shaft seat, in particular on opposite shaft ends of a shaft delimited on two axial sections. This provides an advantageous way of combining the components of shaft receiver and shaft, in particular in the case of planetary gears delimited on both sides by a planet carrier.

[0064] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element, which in a design embodiment is a conical shaft ring, wherein a structured surface for form-fitting support in the axial direction is arranged on the inside and outside of the shaft ring and is provided with a surface structure, which surface structure acts in a form-fitting manner, in particular in the form of a multi-conical sawtooth profile for helical teeth on both sides; and wherein, preferably, relatively finer structures are also arranged on the inside and outside (in particular, on the inside and outside, for the purpose of achieving functional redundancy on both contact surfaces on the inside and outside), for example, in combination at different axial positions and / or on different shell surfaces, the finer structures include surface structures that act in a force-fitting manner, introduced by laser structuring and have an increased static friction coefficient, and optionally also include surface structures produced by chemical structuring and / or structural surfaces that are connected to each other by cold welding, in particular based on nanostructured adhesion. Equally importantly, this also enables an advantageous combination or combination of force-fitting and form-fitting adhesion effects to be achieved on the inside and outside. Here, the intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly designed as a conical shaft ring can also have a spherical comb-shaped profile. Equally important, deformation compensation effects or tolerance compensation effects can be functionally integrated and can facilitate assembly. Optionally, both or only one of the at least two shell surfaces that abut against each other at the shaft are surface structured, thus the inner shell surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) shell surface of the shaft.

[0065] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element arrangement has at least one intermediate element with an outer relatively coarser structure, wherein a relatively finer laser structured surface is provided at the shaft, optionally on the shaft and / or on the intermediate element. It is also important that this functional division between an at least substantially force-fitting axial fixing type of action or connection in the interior and a predominantly or at least substantially also form-fitting axial fixing connection on the exterior also provides a good compromise between realizability in terms of manufacturing technology and realizability in terms of specific applications, while also taking into account favorable material pairings and material hardnesses.

[0066] According to an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate element assembly or its individual intermediate elements is formed by multiple layers, in particular by multiple layers with different / individual (local) hardnesses in each case (e.g. caused by different local hardening processes), or by different materials or material pairs with different / individual hardnesses in each case, in particular also hardnesses that are not similar to the material of the shaft or shaft receiver. This also provides the possibility of further changes in the material and hardness pairing at the contact surface, and thus provides greater personalization capabilities. For example, by means of a relatively soft core of the intermediate element, micro-movements can be effectively absorbed due to the relatively harder and more wear-resistant structure provided on the outside (in at least one outer layer). For the advantageous materials of the shaft and the shaft receiver, the person skilled in the art can also, for example, decide whether it is advantageous to provide multiple layers or multiple materials (material layers), and what specific hardness is provided in each case. Changes in this regard will also be implemented as highly adapted to specific applications.

[0067] According to an exemplary embodiment, in at least one structured surface portion of the (corresponding) intermediate element, the line density and / or direction of the structures and / or the strength and shape of the structures are individualized. Equally important, this also enables a more specific design with regard to local contact conditions, for example with regard to surface pressure, direction of action of forces, etc.

[0068] According to an exemplary embodiment, the industrial gear unit is designed as a planetary transmission, wherein the (corresponding) shaft receiver is arranged in a planet carrier of the planetary transmission, in particular in the form of a planet carrier bore, wherein, on the corresponding shaft receiver, at least one intermediate element assembly of the intermediate element assembly is arranged on at least one shell surface in an at least substantially force-fitting manner with respect to the axial relative movement between the planet carrier or the shaft receiver and the shaft, or acts on the at least one shell surface in a wear-reducing or wear-preventing manner. It is also important that the invention can also be implemented in a particularly advantageous manner in planetary transmissions with a relatively large number of planets or planet shafts, in particular without a large number of planets having a negative impact on the rigidity. In this case, the planet carrier is designed, for example, as a casting; in this context, the casting material can be selected largely independently of the at least one material of the at least one intermediate element.

[0069] According to an exemplary embodiment, the industrial gear unit is installed in the drive train of a wind energy installation or is specially constructed for this purpose, in particular in the form of a planetary gear or comprising at least one planetary gear stage. In the field of wind power generation, such an application in a relatively highly stressed and dynamic drive train provides the advantageous wear reduction effect described herein in a particularly noticeable and sustainable manner.

[0070] According to an exemplary embodiment, the respective shaft is mounted in an axially fixed manner in the shaft receiver in two axial sections, wherein the respective shaft is mounted in an axially fixed manner in the first axial section by a first intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly and in an axially fixed manner in the second axial section by a second intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly, wherein the intermediate element in each case bears against the shaft at least or substantially in a force-fitting manner on at least one inner surface and in each case bears against the shaft at least or substantially in a form-fitting manner on at least one outer surface; wherein the first and second intermediate elements are optionally of the same type or of different types, in particular selected from the group of intermediate element types: sleeves, optionally with an extended surface; profiled bushings, optionally in combination with an inner nut and / or a cone. This variability has also proven to be advantageous, in particular in the case of highly stressed planetary gears of different types with a relatively large number of planets and an axially fixed mounting of the individual planet shafts. Here, the axial force transmission effect on the two axial sections is advantageously provided to be at least approximately equal (effect according to the measures of the invention), wherein however the display and / or distribution of the structures across the circumference and / or in the axial direction can be realized in a different or individual manner for each axial section.

[0071] According to an exemplary embodiment, the respective shaft is mounted in two axial sections in an axially fixed manner and therefore in an axially force-transmitting manner in shaft receptacles on both sides of the respective planetary gears, in particular in such a way that the planetary gears can be axially positioned by means of an upwardly extending surface via at least one of the intermediate elements. Just as importantly, this also facilitates the required rigidity to be maintained largely independently of the time of use / operation / lifetime or largely independently of possible wear-related aspects, in particular independently of play or even only minimal relative movements (which can in each case at least be almost excluded). Here, the respective axial forces can be transmitted at least substantially, optionally also exclusively, into the axial sections defined by the respective intermediate elements. Optionally, cold welding can also be effected here on at least one of the axial sections.

[0072] One aspect also relates to a method for producing an intermediate element for an industrial gear unit in the form of a planetary transmission with wear-minimizing or wear-preventing components, comprising an intermediate element assembly as further described above, for example arranged in a drive train of a wind power plant. To this extent, the above-mentioned object is also achieved by a method according to the corresponding parallel method claim, in particular by a method for producing an intermediate element assembly for an industrial gear unit in the form of a planetary transmission (for example a wind power plant), the intermediate element assembly being located in at least one axial section between at least one shaft and at least one shaft receiver for axially fixed mounting of the shaft in the shaft receiver, in particular on a planet carrier for a planetary transmission, wherein in at least one surface section of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly, at the shaft and / or at the shaft receiver, a structured surface comprising at least one (axial force transmitting) laser structured surface is incorporated, which structured surface is designated for at least essentially force-fitting and optionally also form-fitting support with respect to axial displacement, in particular comprising at least a laser structured inner surface designated for force-fitting. Hereby, the above-mentioned advantages result, in particular in minimizing costs / complexity in manufacturing terms and greater variation possibilities for other gear unit components, in particular the shaft and the shaft receiver.

[0073] According to one embodiment, a surface that acts in a substantially force-fitting manner is incorporated in at least one surface portion of the inner surface / shell surface of at least one intermediate element by at least one of the following steps: laser structuring, chemical structuring, and optionally additionally cold welding and / or nanostructure adhesion for microstructures, especially on other axial portions and / or shell surfaces. This also makes it possible to achieve an optimized connection with different priorities of the type of adhesion effect, especially force fit or friction fit, not only on the outer shell surface but also on the inner surface. In this context, the structured surface is preferably generated according to at least one predefined / predefinable specific protrusion and / or density parameter, in particular in a wavy or serpentine or curved structure, or in a scale-like structure, in particular with microscopic undercuts and without a predefined spatial alignment, i.e. in a substantially random alignment. Equally important, this expands the possibilities for personalization and also promotes standardized types when incorporating very specific surface structures or roughness characteristics.

[0074] Here, laser structuring in particular enables a very specific design / concept of at least the inner shell surface of the intermediate element, in particular based on specific parameter variations related to the static friction coefficient, for example in terms of the depth / height and arrangement density of the structures and in terms of the profile shape of the laser roughness profile, and also based on the normal force and thus on the actual installation situation. Laser structuring has also proven to be very useful, in particular for the interface between planet shaft and planet carrier, and equally importantly by virtue of the high quality and process reliability and reproducibility, so that the type of installation of the individual planets does not vary from one another, but rather the same design and the same operating conditions can be ensured for all planet and carrier holes. In particular, laser structuring enables very precisely definable dimensions and relative positions of the individual structure segments, and laser structuring can also be automated in a relatively simple manner for larger volumes and integrated into other manufacturing processes.

[0075] According to one embodiment, a surface that acts in a substantially form-fitting manner is incorporated in at least one surface portion of the outer surface / shell of at least one intermediate element by at least one of the following steps: a sawtooth profile, a fine threading. Just as importantly, this also facilitates a very reliable connection between a relatively hard intermediate element and a relatively soft shaft receiver, for example a planet carrier designed as a casting.

[0076] When at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly is incorporated between the shaft and the shaft receiver, the corresponding component pairing can be extended. This leads to further advantages not only in terms of assembly, but also in terms of deformation behavior, especially compared with conventional relatively tight fits.

[0077] The above-mentioned object is also achieved by an intermediate element assembly for an industrial gear unit in the form of a planetary transmission, the industrial gear unit having at least one shaft and at least one shaft receiver for mounting the shaft, wherein the intermediate element assembly is intended to be arranged between the shaft receiver and the shaft, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly is manufactured by at least one of the following steps: providing a basic shape of a preferably one-piece body of a separate intermediate element, the separate intermediate element being intended to be arranged between the shaft and the shaft receiver in a wear-reducing or wear-preventing manner; incorporating at least one structured surface in at least one surface portion of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly by laser structuring, the structure The structured surface is designed for form-fitting and optionally also force-fitting support with respect to axial relative movement, or at least one structured surface is incorporated, optionally by chemical structuring or optionally also by cold welding and / or nano-adhesion for microstructures, in particular at least on the inside of the shaft, and optionally also on other axial parts and / or shell surfaces, and optionally also by serration or fine threading in at least one surface part of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly, which structured surface is designed for form-fitting support with respect to axial relative movement, in particular at least on the outside at the shaft holder; in particular produced by the method described above in this article or in the context of the attached figures. As a result, the above-mentioned advantages can be achieved, in particular also with respect to the independent manufacturing and logistics chain and the already mentioned highly component-specific individualization capability.

[0078] The abovementioned object is also achieved by using an intermediate element assembly between a shaft and a shaft receiver for mounting the shaft in an industrial gear unit, i.e. in a planetary gear, for example in a planetary gear stage with a relatively large number of planets, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly is supported in a positive-fitting manner in the shaft receiver by at least one outer shell surface which is designated for positive fit and has a positive-fitting contour, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly is supported on the shaft in a force-fitting / friction-fitting manner by at least one inner shell surface which is designated for force fit and has a laser-structured structure which acts in a force-fitting manner, in particular with such an intermediate element assembly, which comprises at least one intermediate element in the form of a sleeve or a profiled bushing, each of which has an upwardly extending surface, in particular for an already existing and installed gear unit / gear unit component, in particular in at least one planetary gear stage of a drive train of a wind power plant, in particular by corresponding use of the intermediate element assembly described further above. As a result, the abovementioned advantages can be achieved, in particular with regard to an efficient / effective functional subdivision of axial fixing parameters to individual contact surfaces or individual components.

[0079] The abovementioned object is also achieved by using at least one intermediate element of an intermediate element assembly in an industrial gear unit in the form of a planetary transmission, for example in a planetary transmission stage with a relatively large number of planets, the intermediate element assembly being located between a shaft and a shaft receiver for mounting the shaft, in particular in each case in one or two axial sections between a planet shaft and a planet carrier of the planetary transmission, wherein the at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly is seated in the shaft receiver in a form-fitting manner via at least one outer shell surface, which outer shell surface is designated for form-fitting and has, in particular in at least one outer shell surface section, a form-fitting contour of the serration or fine thread type and has a relatively larger outer shell surface than the shaft receiver. of hardness, wherein at least one intermediate element is seated on the shaft with a force fit / friction fit via at least one inner shell surface, which inner shell surface is designed for form fit and has a laser structured structure that acts in a force fit manner in at least one inner shell surface section, wherein at least one intermediate element is preferably assembled into the shaft receiver by heat and / or by impact drive, in particular at least one intermediate element is in the form of a sleeve or a molded bushing or an intermediate ring (Zwischenachstülle), these intermediate elements each have an upwardly extending surface, in particular in at least one planetary gear stage of the drive train of the wind power plant, in particular by corresponding use of the intermediate element assembly described further above. As a result, the above-mentioned advantages can be achieved, in particular with regard to many advantages not only in terms of construction and wear but also in the overall context of the assembly of components of the industrial gear unit.

[0080] Summary: The invention relates to an industrial gear unit having at least one shaft and at least one shaft receiver for mounting the shaft in an axially fixed manner, wherein the shaft is mounted in the shaft receiver in an axially fixed manner in at least one axial section, wherein an intermediate element assembly is arranged between the shaft receiver and the shaft in a manner acting in at least one axial section, the intermediate element assembly being mounted between the shaft and the shaft receiver in an axially fixed and axially force-transmitting manner, and the intermediate element assembly having a laser structured surface in at least one surface section at the shaft and / or at the shaft receiver and thus being designated for at least essentially force-fitting and optionally also form-fitting support with respect to axial displacements, wherein a conical press fit or similar connection can also be provided in addition, which realizes a more secure form fit at the macroscopic level. The invention also relates to a corresponding intermediate element with a laser structured surface for such an intermediate element assembly, a method for its production and its use in planetary gears or planetary gear stages with a relatively large number of planets, in particular for wind energy installations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0081] In the following figures, the invention is described in more detail by means of preferred exemplary embodiments as examples, wherein the features described below may represent an aspect of the invention individually or in combination, and wherein for reference numerals not explicitly described in the respective figure, reference is made to other figures. In the figures, schematically shown respectively:

[0082] Figure 1 Components of an industrial gear unit with an intermediate element assembly according to an exemplary embodiment are shown in a cross-sectional side view;

[0083] Figures 2A to 2F Views showing components of an industrial gear unit or an intermediate element assembly used therein according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0084] Figures 3A to 3C A view showing components of an industrial gear unit or an intermediate element assembly used therein according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0085] Figure 4 and Figure 5 Components of an industrial gear unit with a wear protection intermediate element assembly according to further exemplary embodiments are shown in each case in a sectional side view;

[0086] Fig. 6A , 6B A view showing components of an industrial gear unit or an intermediate element assembly used therein according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0087] Figures 7A to 7E shows a perspective view and three side views of each of the components of an industrial gear unit or an intermediate element assembly implemented therein according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0088] Figure 8 Individual steps of a method for producing an intermediate element assembly according to an exemplary embodiment are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0089] The invention is first explained with reference to all reference numerals and drawings. Specific features or individual aspects of the invention or aspects that are easily seen / represented in the corresponding drawings are discussed separately in conjunction with the corresponding drawings.

[0090] An intermediate element assembly 10 is provided, which includes at least one intermediate element 10a, which has a structured surface 10.1, especially at least one radial outer surface portion 10.1a (especially a structured outer shell surface) and at least one inner surface portion 10.1b (especially a structured inner shell surface) along the radial direction (r), wherein the structured surface 10.1 includes a shape-fitting portion 10.3a (at least one) and a force-fitting portion 10.3b (at least one).

[0091] In the assembly of the (corresponding) intermediate element 10a mounted between the shaft 101 and the shaft receiver 103, the structured surface 10.1 can ensure an axially fixed form-fit / force-fit connection 20 between the shaft and the shaft receiver in the axial direction (x), for example in an industrial gear unit 100 comprising at least one planetary transmission stage, in particular in the assembly between the corresponding planet shaft and the planet carrier bore. To this extent, a very effective wear protection can also be provided in a relatively simple manner, in particular at the interface between the planet carrier 105 and the planet gear 107, which is thus guided in a rotational manner in the planetary ring gear 109, wherein this wear protection also remains individualizable in a relatively simple and variable manner for specific areas of application.

[0092] It has been shown that particularly advantageous design embodiments of the intermediate element assembly can be achieved because the respective intermediate element has, in at least one outer surface portion (in particular on the outer shell surface), and therefore at the shaft receiver, a structured surface that acts in a form-fitting manner and has a relatively rough profiled shape / structure (in particular a sawtooth profile that prevents axial displacement, or a fine thread profile type), which preferably has a higher hardness than the corresponding surface of the shaft receiver; and in at least one inner surface portion (in particular on the inner surface), and therefore at the shaft, a structured surface that acts in a force-fitting manner and has a relatively fine laser structure (and optionally also chemically structured and / or in particular for cold welding of microstructures and / or nanostructure adhesion, in particular on other axial portions and / or on the shell surface). In this context, the respective intermediate element can be provided in particular in one of the following forms (in the case of a plurality of axial portions XI, X2 of the shaft to be mounted, these forms can be combined with one another): a slotted sleeve or a profiled bushing, in particular with an integrated upward extension surface and / or with an inner nut and / or in combination with a cone; an interaxial ring, in particular conical.

[0093] For example, the intermediate element 10a is provided in the form of a sleeve 11, in particular as a slotted sleeve comprising at least one slot 11.1. Optionally, an upwardly extending surface or disk 12 can also be provided on the sleeve, in particular with at least one bearing support frictionally coated surface or end side 12.1 and / or with radial slots or similar cutouts 12.3.

[0094] For example, the intermediate element 10a is provided in the form of an L-shaped sleeve 13, in particular with an inner (groove) nut 14.1 and / or in combination with a cone 14.3 (conical shaft seat, in particular in the case of two axial sections XI, X2, each of which is provided with an intermediate element). Preferably, the L-shaped profiled bushing has at least one bearing support frictionally coated surface 13.1 or end side. In this context, the profiled bushing can also be provided largely independently of the geometry selected in the individual case with an inner (groove) nut, optionally also in combination with a cone.

[0095] For example, the intermediate element 10a is provided in the form of an interaxial ring 15 (in particular conical) or in the form of an axis pin or an axis anchor, wherein the structured surface is arranged on the inside and outside and is provided with a surface structure that acts in a form-fitting manner, in particular in the form of a multi-conical sawtooth profile on both sides, wherein preferably also on the inside and outside, in particular on other axial parts and / or shell surfaces, a relatively finer structure is provided, which relatively finer structure includes a surface structure that acts in a force-fitting manner and has an increased static friction coefficient, in particular due to laser structuring and optionally also by chemical structuring and / or cold welding for microstructures and / or nanostructure adhesion. For example, the conical interaxial ring is provided with a spherical comb-shaped profile. Optionally, both or only one of the at least two shell surfaces that abut against each other at the shaft, thus the inner shell surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) shell surface of the shaft, are surface structured.

[0096] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a wear-reducing industrial gear unit with individual intermediate elements (in particular of the type described in detail here) or an intermediate element assembly or equipped with intermediate elements. In a first step S1, the basic shape or preferably one-piece body of an intermediate element 10a (which can be provided separately) is provided, which intermediate element is designated for wear-reducing or wear-preventing settings between a shaft and a shaft receiver, in particular due to the material and / or hardness and the structuring to be performed thereon. In a further step S2, a structure that acts in a form-fitting manner is incorporated in at least one outer surface portion 10.1a, in particular by serration forming or fine thread processing. In a further step S3, a structure that acts in a force-fitting manner is incorporated in at least one inner surface portion 10.1b, in particular by laser structuring and / or chemical structuring and / or cold welding for microstructures and / or nanostructure adhesion (chemical structuring and / or cold welding are especially also located on other axial portions and / or shell surfaces). Subsequently, in a further step S4 , the respectively desired intermediate element can be provided and can be assembled between the shaft and the shaft receiver, for example by means of the steps mentioned elsewhere herein, for example also in an already installed or in operation gear unit.

[0097] Specific features of the present invention are explained below with reference to the respective drawings or exemplary embodiments.

[0098] Figure 1 An exemplary application / use of an intermediate element arrangement 10 according to the invention is shown (as an example, a single intermediate element 10a is shown here at one end of a shaft), with reference to a planet carrier 105 with a shaft receiver 103 and a planet shaft 101, which is mounted on the planet carrier in an axially fixed manner in one or two axial sections in each case. The respective planet gears 107 are held in a predetermined axial position by means of the planet carrier 105 and are guided in rotation in a planetary ring gear 109. The following figures show different exemplary embodiments, which can also be used, for example, in Figure 1 The gear unit or mounting situation shown is realized, optionally at one shaft end or both ends or at the contact area between the shaft and the shaft receiver. As explained above, the mounting situation can also be selected in a different way, for example at another position or in a different type of gear unit.

[0099] Figures 2A to 2F A design embodiment of at least one intermediate element 10a of an intermediate element arrangement 10 as a slotted sleeve is shown: the intermediate element 10a is in the form of a sleeve with an outer form-fitting surface (in particular a sawtooth profile or a fine thread) and is anchored between a shaft and a shaft receiver in the (axial) release direction, wherein the sleeve is preferably hardened or nitrided. The outer shell surface of the sleeve can be pressed into the shaft receiver (for example, a hole in a casting) and provides wear protection for the shaft receiver (for example, for a planetary carrier made of a casting or for a cast carrier). A force-fitting and press-fitting is provided on the inner shell surface of the sleeve at the shaft, preferably with a laser-structured surface, wherein the surface is preferably martensitic hardness. In this context, the intermediate element 10a is provided with at least one at least substantially form-fitting connection on the radially outer contact surface and at least one at least substantially force-fitting connection with a high friction coefficient on the radially inner contact surface (in particular a laser-structured inner shell surface). For example, the sleeve is made of sheet metal material (bent) or is manufactured as a sleeve, wherein the position tolerances of the shaft connection can remain at least approximately the same.

[0100] Figure 2A It is shown that the intermediate element assembly 10 comprises two intermediate elements 10a, which are designed as sleeves 11 (or based on the basic shape of sleeves), located in two different axial sections at both ends of the planet shaft. Figure 2B is a detailed view of one of the two axial sections mounted in a manner that reduces wear. Figure 2C The surface structure of the outer shell surface of the corresponding intermediate element 10a is shown, in particular with a sawtooth profile with a greater / stronger form fit to the left than to the right (thus in Figure 2C view, the force is directed to the left). Figure 2DA first exemplary embodiment of a sleeve-like intermediate element is shown, wherein the intermediate element has a groove 11 . 1 or is continuously grooved in the axial direction. Figure 2E A further exemplary embodiment of a sleeve-shaped intermediate element is shown. Figure 2F Another exemplary embodiment of a sleeve-like intermediate element is shown, in which the structured outer surface is present only across a portion (approximately 50%) of the absolute length of the outer shell face, in particular in the portion which is further axially inwards around the shaft in the intended arrangement.

[0101] Figures 3A to 3C An embodiment of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element assembly 10 as a sleeve with an integrated upwardly extending surface is shown: the intermediate element 10a is in the form of a sleeve with an outer positive-fitting surface (in particular a sawtooth profile or a fine thread) and is anchored between the shaft and the shaft receiver in the (axial) release direction, wherein the sleeve is preferably hardened or nitrided. The outer shell surface of the sleeve can be pressed into the shaft receiver (for example a hole in a casting) and provides wear protection for the shaft receiver (for example a planetary carrier made of a casting or between castings). The end face of the sleeve is preferably coated in a supporting friction manner. A positive-fitting press fit is provided on the inner shell surface of the sleeve at the shaft, preferably with a laser-structured surface, wherein the surface is preferably of martensitic hardness. The sleeve can be in the form of a slot and fulfill a variety of functions, in particular positive-fitting wear protection on the shaft receiver (for example a cast carrier); and providing support material for laser welding or overlap welding of the upwardly extending profile. At the same time, precision machining, in particular on the extended contour and the width-spanning flats on the shaft receiver (flat mirror only), can be omitted, and an assembly ensuring anti-rotation can be provided in a relatively simple manner.

[0102] Figure 3A An embodiment is shown with two sleeves mounted in a mirrored manner relative to each other and having an integrated upwardly extending surface. Figure 3B Detailed representation is given in FIG. 1 of the structured outer shell surface 10 . 1 a (which is present at least over approximately the entire length) and the upper extending surface portion 12 , wherein the upper extending surface portion has at least one supporting frictionally coated end side 12 . 1 and a plurality of radial grooves 12 . 3 with stress relief holes. Figure 3C The surface structure of the outer shell surface of the corresponding intermediate element 10 a is shown, in particular with a sawtooth profile having a greater / stronger form-fit to the left than to the right.

[0103] In particular, in this context, the design embodiments of the respective intermediate element described here as a sleeve can also be provided in the form of a clamping connection between the shaft and the shaft receiver.

[0104] exist Figure 41 shows a design embodiment of at least one intermediate element 10a of an intermediate element assembly 10 as an L-shaped profiled bushing with an inner groove nut: The profiled bushing with the groove nut 14.1 has an outer shell surface designed to be form-fitting (in particular with a sawtooth profile or a fine thread) and is simultaneously fixed with respect to the disengagement direction and preferably consists of a hardened or nitrided material. In this case, the outer shell surface of the L-shaped sleeve can be pressed into a shaft receiver (for example a hole in a casting) and provides a very effective wear protection for the shaft receiver (for example a planetary carrier or a cast carrier made of a casting material). Preferably, the end side is coated in the manner of an upper extension disk function or in relation to the function of an upper extension disk (in particular in a friction-supporting manner). For example, in this context, a retaining ring of the shaft can also be advantageously omitted. The axial load can be transmitted by a force fit on at least one inner surface (preferably by a laser structure, in particular in the form of a sawtooth), wherein the axial fixation can be achieved by an inner groove nut in the profiled bushing. The preloading of the shaft can be set or performed hydraulically. Alternatively, an embodiment may be provided by a slotted design in combination with a tapered hole, wherein the corresponding upwardly extending contour is preferably spherically shaped to effectively provide the plastic deformation.

[0105] Figure 5 A design embodiment of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element assembly 10 is shown as an L-shaped sleeve in combination with a cone 14.3: by means of a tapered shaft seat, relatively high axial loads can be transmitted in a very reliable / robust manner, wherein the cone can be of self-locking design or can be fixed with respect to pull-out / outward displacement by means of corresponding fixing features. The corresponding ring can be slotted in the manner of a circlip. Optionally, a relief groove can be provided. According to Figure 5 The embodiments also show that, depending on the different requirements set for the axial securing features or the ability to transmit relatively high axial loads, the invention can also be individually optimized in a relatively variable manner for a specific application.

[0106] Fig. 6A and 6BA design embodiment of at least one intermediate element 10a of an intermediate element assembly 10 as a conical shaft collar 15 is shown: the shaft collar (according to the present disclosure, also referred to as shaft pin or shaft anchor, wherein the term "pin" is intended here to refer in particular to a form-fitting contour), in particular in a slightly conical design, can cause a local plastic deformation of the shaft receiver or the bracket hole and an expansion of the material of the shaft collar or the pin material by striking the shaft. As intended, the form fit here mainly exists between the shaft receiver and the shaft collar / pin (i.e. on the outer contact surface of the intermediate element), so that the assembly is fixed with respect to axial pull-out / displacement. Disassembly can be carried out, for example, by unscrewing the screw pin and / or by pressure oil (hydraulics). However, in this context, the intermediate element still acts mainly in a force or friction fit (in particular on the inside and outside), wherein the radial forces at the ends of the hole are preferably steadily reduced (preferably with a spherical comb-shaped contour with a smooth comb tip), wherein retaining rings can be omitted, and wherein the shaft fixation can advantageously be extended in length. In this context, the shaft pin 15 can also be thickened on one side to compensate for position tolerances of the bracket hole by orientation during assembly. As an alternative or in addition to the conical embodiment, the friction coefficient can also be increased by laser structuring or optionally also by chemical structuring and / or cold welding for microstructures and / or nanostructure adhesion, optionally also in combination with knurling or according to the formed shape of the knurling (for example, by milling, stamping, pressing). With regard to possible relative movements axially outward, in this context, the proportional static friction can be advantageously increased, wherein the advantageous high compressive strength of the bracket material can be utilized. To facilitate deformation, the pin 15 can also be optionally slotted or segmented. The material of the shaft collar is preferably hardened or nitrided, optionally with or without a coating that facilitates assembly. The hole can be assembled, for example, by induction or cold connection. In this context, the shaft end can be embodied as, for example, a straight cylindrical, conical or spiral profile. Side note: Figure 6B Only a part of the interaxial ring 15 , which is designed in a circumferential annular manner, is shown in the cross-sectional view.

[0107] Figures 7A to 7E Different views of different installation situations show at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 as a design embodiment of a sleeve 11 with an integrated upward contour 12: Fig. 7A The shaft receiver 103 is shown in FIG. Figure 7B In the diagram, at least one intermediate element 10a is shown in a greatly enlarged view in the intended arrangement between the shaft and the shaft receiver. Figure 7C In the figure, the shaft and shaft receiver can be seen across the entire thickness of the shaft. Fig.7D and Fig. 7E The outer surface structure 10 . 1 a is shown in detail, which has a surface portion 10 . 3 a of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly, which surface portion 10 . 3 a is designated for a form fit.

[0108] Figure 8 The various steps of the manufacturing method of the intermediate element assembly described here are schematically shown, in particular: step S1 provides the basic shape or matrix of the individual intermediate elements; step S2: merges the structures that function in a form-fitting manner; step S3 merges the structures that function in a force-fitting manner; step S4 assembles the corresponding intermediate elements. The manufacturing method can optionally include steps S1 to S3 or all steps S1 to S4, depending on whether the manufacturing involves only a single intermediate element 10a or the entire intermediate element assembly 10 or the corresponding industrial gear unit 100.

[0109] Reference Symbols List

[0110] 10Intermediate component assembly

[0111] 10a Intermediate element

[0112] 10.1 Structured Surfaces

[0113] 10.1a, 10.1b Radial outer surface or inner surface (part)

[0114] 10.3a Form fit part

[0115] 10.3b Force fit section

[0116] 11 Sockets, especially slotted sockets

[0117] 11.1 Slot

[0118] 12 Upward profile or upward surface (part)

[0119] 12.1 Supporting frictionally coated surfaces / end sides

[0120] 12.3 Radial grooves or similar cutouts

[0121] 13Formed bushings, such as L-shaped

[0122] 13.1 Supporting frictionally coated surfaces / end sides

[0123] 14.1 Internal nut

[0124] 14.3 Cone (conical shaft seat)

[0125] 15 Inter-shaft rings, especially conical

[0126] 20Axially fixed positive / force-fit connection between shaft and shaft receiver

[0127] 100 Industrial Gear Units

[0128] 101 Axles, especially planetary axes

[0129] 103 Shaft receiver, e.g. hole in a casting, especially a planet carrier hole

[0130] 105 planetary bracket

[0131] 107 planetary or planetary gear

[0132] 109 Planetary ring gear with internal teeth

[0133] S1 provides the basic shape or matrix of the individual intermediate components

[0134] S2 incorporates structures that function in a form-fitting manner

[0135] S3 merges structures that work in a force-coordinated manner

[0136] S4 Assemble the corresponding intermediate components

[0137] XI, X2 axis receiver in the first and second axial parts

[0138] x, r axial direction, radial direction

Claims

1. An industrial gear unit (100), in particular a planetary gear, in particular a gear unit of a wind power plant, comprising at least one shaft (101) and at least one shaft receiver (103) for mounting the shaft in an axially fixed manner, wherein: The shaft is mounted in at least one axial section (XI, X2) in the shaft receiver in an axially fixed manner; It is characterized in that An intermediate element assembly (10) is arranged between the shaft receiver (103) and the shaft (101) in such a way as to act in the at least one axial portion, the intermediate element assembly being mounted between the shaft and the shaft receiver in an axially fixed manner, wherein the intermediate element assembly has a structured surface (10.1) in at least one surface portion (10.1a, 10.1b) at the shaft and / or at the shaft receiver, the structured surface comprising at least one laser structured surface (10.1) designated for support with respect to axial displacement.

2. The industrial gear unit (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element from one of the following design embodiments: a slotted sleeve, a profiled bushing, a profiled bushing with an inner nut, a profiled bushing combined with a cone, an intermediate ring.

3. The industrial gear unit (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which has at least one structured surface in at least one of the following geometrical design embodiments, in particular on its outer circumferential surface: conical, spherical, knurled, provided with teeth, helically shaped or wavy.

4. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element which is designated to be incorporated / has been incorporated between the shaft and the shaft receiver in a pin-like manner.

5. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The at least one laser structured surface is incorporated in a specific circumferential position.

6. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element arrangement comprises a plurality of intermediate elements which, together with the respective (planet) axles, structurally mimic the struts of the planet carrier.

7. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element which is mounted in an axially fixed manner between the shaft and the shaft receiver in the axial section and which has, in at least one outer surface section, therefore at the shaft receiver, a structured surface which acts in a form-fitting manner and is preferably harder than a corresponding surface of the shaft receiver and in at least one inner surface section, therefore at the shaft, a structured surface which acts in a force-fitting manner.

8. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element having at least one material layer having a hardness that is not similar to the hardness of the material of the shaft and / or the shaft receiver.

9. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element designed as a slotted sleeve, wherein the structured surface for form-fitting support in at least one axial section in the axial direction is provided on the outside with a surface structure which acts in a form-fitting manner, in particular in the manner of a sawtooth profile or a thread, or is provided in the manner of a knurling.

10. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a slotted sleeve or a slotted profiled bushing.

11. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a sleeve or a profiled bushing and which comprises a surface structure in the form of a sawtooth profile or a thread or a knurling.

12. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element, which is designed as a molded bushing, in particular as an L-shaped molded bushing with an internal nut, or comprises an L-shaped molded bushing in combination with a cone, wherein the structured surface for form-fitting support in at least one axial part in the axial direction is provided with a surface structure on the outside, which acts in a form-fitting manner, in particular in the manner of a serrated profile or a thread, or is provided in a knurled manner, wherein the molded bushing is preferably frictionally coated on the end side, wherein the molded bushing is fixed to the shaft in the axial direction by an internal nut or by a cone.

13. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element which is designed as a profiled bushing in combination with an inner nut or a cone.

14. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element assembly has a cone which is provided in combination with a profiled bushing in the form of a conical shaft seat, in particular on opposite axial ends of a shaft delimited in two axial portions.

15. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element having an outer relatively coarser structure, wherein the relatively finer laser structured surface is arranged at the shaft.

16. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element, which is formed from a plurality of layers, in particular from a plurality of layers having in each case different / various hardnesses, or from different materials or material pairs having in each case different / various hardnesses, in particular a hardness that is also not similar to the material of the shaft or the shaft receiver.

17. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Within at least one structured surface portion of the intermediate element, at least one of the following design embodiments is individualized: line density, orientation of the structures, strength and shape of the structures.

18. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The industrial gear unit is designed as a planetary transmission, wherein a corresponding shaft receiver is arranged in a planet carrier of the planetary transmission, in particular in the form of a planet carrier hole, and wherein, on the corresponding shaft receiver, at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly is arranged on at least one shell surface in an at least essentially force-fitting manner with respect to axial relative movement between the planet carrier or the shaft receiver and the shaft, or acts on at least one shell surface in a wear-reducing or wear-preventing manner.

19. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The industrial gear unit is installed in a drive train of a wind power installation or is designed for this purpose, the industrial gear unit comprising at least one planetary gear stage.

20. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The respective shaft is mounted in an axially fixed manner in two axial sections (XI, X2) in the shaft receiver, wherein the respective shaft is mounted in an axially fixed manner in the first axial section by a first intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly and in an axially fixed manner in the second axial section by a second intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly, wherein the intermediate element rests on the shaft on at least one inner surface in each case at least or substantially in a force-fitting manner and on at least one outer surface in each case at least or substantially in a form-fitting manner; and wherein the first and second intermediate elements are optionally of the same type or of different types, in particular selected from the following group of intermediate element types: sleeves, molded bushings optionally in combination with internal nuts and / or cones.

21. The industrial gear unit (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The respective shaft is mounted in an axially fixed manner on both sides of the corresponding planetary gear in two axial sections (XI, X2) in the shaft receiver.

22. A method for producing an intermediate element assembly for an industrial gear unit (100), in particular a planetary transmission, in particular an industrial gear unit of a planetary transmission of a wind power plant, the intermediate element assembly being provided in at least one axial section between at least one shaft and at least one shaft receiver for mounting the shaft in the shaft receiver in an axially fixed manner, in particular on a planet carrier of the planetary transmission, wherein: In at least one surface portion of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly, a structured surface comprising at least one laser structured surface is incorporated at the shaft and / or at the shaft receiver, the structured surface being designated for at least essentially force-fitting support and optionally also form-fitting support with respect to axial displacement.

23. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that A surface that acts in a substantially force-fitting manner is incorporated in at least one surface portion of the inner surface / shell of the at least one intermediate element by at least one of the following steps, wherein the structured surface is preferably produced according to at least one predetermined / predeterminable specific protrusion and / or density parameter, in particular in the form of a wave or serpentine structure or in the form of a scale-like structure: laser structuring, chemical structuring; or wherein a surface that acts in a substantially form-fitting manner is incorporated in at least one surface portion of the outer surface / shell of the at least one intermediate element by at least one of the following steps: serration profile, fine thread machining; or wherein the corresponding component pairing is extended when at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly is incorporated between the shaft and the shaft receiver.

24. An intermediate element assembly (10) for an industrial gear unit (100), the industrial gear unit being an industrial gear unit according to any one of claims 1 to 21, the industrial gear unit having at least one shaft and at least one shaft receiver for mounting the shaft, wherein: The intermediate element assembly is designated for being arranged between the shaft receiver and the shaft, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly is manufactured by at least one of the following steps: providing the basic shape of a preferably one-piece body of a separate intermediate element, the separate intermediate element being designated for being arranged between the shaft and the shaft receiver in a manner that reduces or prevents wear; incorporating at least one laser structured surface in at least one surface portion of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly by laser structuring, the laser structured surface being designated for form-fitting support with respect to axial relative movement and optionally also force-fitting support, and optionally also incorporating at least one structured surface by chemical structuring or optionally also by cold welding, and optionally also incorporating at least one structured surface designated for form-fitting support with respect to axial relative movement by serration forming or fine thread processing in at least one surface portion of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly; in particular manufactured by the method of claim 22 or 23.

25. Use of an intermediate element assembly (10) in an industrial gear unit (100), the industrial gear unit being an industrial gear unit according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein: At least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly (10) rests in a form-fitting manner in the shaft receiver via at least one outer shell surface designated for form fit and having a form-fitting contour in at least one outer shell surface portion, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly (10) rests on the shaft in a force-fitting / friction-fitting manner via at least one inner shell surface designated for force fit and having a laser structured structure that acts in a force-fitting manner in at least one inner shell surface portion, in particular the intermediate element assembly comprises at least one intermediate element in the form of a sleeve or a molded bushing, each of which has an upward extension surface, in particular located in at least one planetary transmission stage of a drive train of a wind energy device.

26. Use of at least one intermediate element (10a) of an intermediate element assembly (10) in an industrial gear unit (100), the industrial gear unit being an industrial gear unit according to any one of claims 1 to 21, the at least one intermediate element being located between a shaft and a shaft receiver for mounting the shaft, in particular in each case in one or both axial sections between a planet shaft and a planet carrier, wherein At least one intermediate element of the intermediate element assembly is seated in the shaft receiver in a form-fitting manner via at least one outer shell surface, the at least one outer shell surface being designated for form-fitting, having a form-fitting contour of, in particular, a serrated or fine threaded type in at least one outer shell surface portion, and having a relatively greater hardness than the shaft receiver, wherein the at least one intermediate element (10a) is seated on the shaft in a force-fitting / friction-fitting manner via at least one inner shell surface, the at least one inner shell surface being designated for force-fitting and having a laser-structured structure that acts in a force-fitting manner in at least one inner shell surface portion, wherein the at least one intermediate element is preferably assembled / has been assembled in the shaft receiver by heat and / or by impact drive, in particular having at least one intermediate element in the form of a sleeve or a molded bushing or an inter-shaft ring, each of which has an upward extension surface, in particular in at least one planetary transmission stage of a transmission system of a wind energy device.

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