A photovoltaic module and a method of manufacturing the same, a photovoltaic system

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic module comprises a laminated piece, a frame and an insulation layer. The frame is wrapped around at least part of the circumferential edge of the laminated piece, and the insulation layer is arranged between the frame and the laminated piece. The laminated piece is provided with a cell layer. The frame comprises a first side part and a second side part which are connected to each other. The first side part at least partially covers the circumferential edge of the back surface of the laminated piece. The second side part surrounds and covers part or all of the circumferential side wall of the laminated piece. The insulation layer comprises a first insulation part and a second insulation part. The first insulation part is arranged between the first side part and the back surface of the laminated piece. The second insulation part is arranged between the second side part and the circumferential side wall of the laminated piece. Further, the range of the first and second creep adjustment coefficients of the photovoltaic module is set to balance the bonding performance between the frame and the laminated piece and the insulation performance between the cell layer and the frame.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411534059.9, filed on October 30, 2024, entitled "A Photovoltaic Module and its Preparation Method, Photovoltaic System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic module and its preparation method, and a photovoltaic system. Background Technology

[0003] As the core component of solar power generation, solar photovoltaic modules mainly consist of solar cell stacks and frames. The frames are fastened to the four edges of the stacks so that the photovoltaic modules can be installed on fixed brackets, thus enabling the assembly and use of the photovoltaic modules.

[0004] In related technologies, the processing technology of photovoltaic modules involves first hot-pressing the front glass, encapsulation film, solar cells, and back glass to form a laminate. Then, a frame is bonded and fixed to the outer edges of the laminate using sealant to encapsulate and protect it. However, this frame-fixing method results in poor adhesion between the frame and the laminate, and easily leads to excessive sealant overflow, obstructing the surface of the photovoltaic module and affecting its conversion performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to provide a photovoltaic module and its preparation method, as well as a photovoltaic system, which can solve the problems of poor bonding between the frame and the laminate in traditional module processing methods, and the tendency to generate excessive adhesive overflow that obstructs the surface of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic module, comprising: a laminate, a frame, and an insulating layer, wherein the frame covers at least a portion of the circumferential edge of the laminate, the insulating layer is disposed between the frame and the laminate, the laminate contains a cell layer, and the laminate has a front side and a back side disposed opposite to each other.

[0008] The frame includes a first side and a second side that are connected to each other. The first side at least partially covers the four edges of the back side of the laminate, and the second side surrounds and covers part or all of the circumferential sidewall of the laminate. The insulating layer includes a first insulating portion and a second insulating portion. The first insulating portion is disposed between the first side and the back side of the laminate, and the second insulating portion is disposed between the second side and the circumferential sidewall of the laminate.

[0009] The laminate has two first sides arranged opposite each other along a first direction and two second sides arranged opposite each other along a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction; the battery cell layer has end battery cells and end busbars at both ends along the second direction, and the end busbars are electrically connected to the end battery cells;

[0010] The photovoltaic module has a first creepage adjustment coefficient in the first direction and a second creepage adjustment coefficient in the second direction;

[0011] The first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 = d1 / D satisfies: 10 ≤ B1 ≤ 400; where d1 is the distance from the battery cell layer to the second side along the first direction, and D is the thickness of the second insulating part;

[0012] The second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 = d2 / D, satisfying: 10 ≤ B2 ≤ 400; where D is the thickness of the second insulating part.

[0013] When the end busbar is located between the end battery cell and the second side, d2 is the distance from the end busbar to the second side along the second direction;

[0014] When the end busbar is located on the side of the end battery cell facing the back or the front, d2 is the distance from the end battery cell to the second side along the second direction.

[0015] Secondly, embodiments of this application propose a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, used to prepare the photovoltaic module described in the first aspect, comprising:

[0016] Provide pre-stacked parts, frames, and insulating film, and determine the dimensions of the insulating film;

[0017] The pre-stacked component, the frame, and the insulating film are assembled together to form the component to be laminated;

[0018] The parts to be laminated are laminated to form a laminate, and the insulating film is filled between the frame and the laminate to form an insulating layer.

[0019] Thirdly, embodiments of this application propose a photovoltaic system including the photovoltaic module described in the first aspect.

[0020] In this application, by covering at least a portion of the circumferential edge of the laminated component with a frame and providing an insulating layer between the frame and the laminated component, the insulating layer serves both to bond and fix the frame and the laminated component, and to increase the creepage distance between the frame and the cell layer. Furthermore, the creepage adjustment coefficient of the photovoltaic module can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the insulating layer. Moreover, by setting the creepage adjustment coefficient range for the photovoltaic module in different directions, the bonding performance between the frame and the laminated component, as well as the insulation performance between the cell layer and the frame, can be balanced in different directions.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a side sectional view of a photovoltaic module along a first direction according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a side sectional view of a photovoltaic module along a second direction according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a side sectional view of another photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application along a second direction;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of another photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the first type of component to be laminated according to an embodiment of this application before lamination;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of laminator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of laminated component according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the second type of component to be laminated before lamination, according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second type of laminating component according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of laminated component according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third type of laminate according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fourth type of laminating component according to an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 13 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fifth type of laminator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 14 This is a flowchart of a method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure label:

[0038] 10: Laminated component; 10a: Pre-laminated component; 101: Front side; 102: Back side; 11: Cell layer; 111: End cell; 112: End busbar; 12: Front panel; 13: Encapsulation film layer; 13a: Encapsulation film; 14: Back panel; F1: First direction; F2: Second direction; F3: Third direction; 20: Frame; 21: First side; 22: Second side; 23: Gap; 30: Insulating layer; 31: First insulating part; 311: Excess adhesive part; 32: Second insulating part; 301: Base layer; 302: Adhesive layer; 30a: Insulating film. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0040] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0043] The photovoltaic modules, their preparation methods, and photovoltaic systems provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a photovoltaic module according to some embodiments of this application includes: a laminate 10, a frame 20, and an insulating layer 30. The frame 20 covers at least a portion of the circumferential edge of the laminate 10, and the insulating layer 30 is disposed between the frame 20 and the laminate 10. The laminate 10 has a cell layer 11 and has a front side 101 and a back side 102 disposed opposite to each other. The frame 20 includes a first side portion 21 and a second side portion 22 connected to each other. The first side portion 21 at least partially covers the periphery of the back side 102 of the laminate 10, and the second side portion 22 surrounds part or all of the circumferential sidewall of the laminate 10. The insulating layer 30 includes a first insulating portion 31 and a second insulating portion 32. The first insulating portion 31 is disposed between the first side portion 21 and the back side 102 of the laminate 10, and the second insulating portion 32 is disposed between the second side portion 22 and the circumferential sidewall of the laminate 10.

[0045] Furthermore, the laminate 10 has two first sides arranged opposite each other along the first direction F1 and two second sides arranged opposite each other along the second direction F2, the first direction F1 being perpendicular to the second direction F2; the battery cell layer 11 has end battery cells 111 and end busbars 112 respectively at both ends along the second direction F2, and the end busbars 112 are electrically connected to the end battery cells 111.

[0046] The photovoltaic module has a first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 in the first direction F1 and a second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 in the second direction F2. The first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 = d1 / D, which satisfies: 10≤B1≤400; d1 is the distance from the cell layer 11 along the first direction F1 to the second side 22, and D is the thickness of the second insulating part 32.

[0047] Simultaneously, the second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 = d2 / D satisfies: 10 ≤ B2 ≤ 400; where D is the thickness of the second insulating part; as Figure 2 As shown, when the end busbar 112 is located between the end battery cell 111 and the second side, d2 is the distance from the end busbar 112 to the second side 22 along the second direction F2; Figure 3 As shown, when the end busbar 112 is provided on the side of the end battery cell 111 facing the back side 102 or the front side 101, d2 is the distance from the end battery cell 111 to the second side portion 22 along the second direction F2.

[0048] It should be noted that, as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the first side portion 21 is the part of the frame 20 that corresponds to the back surface 102 of the laminate 10, that is... Figure 1 The portion to the right of the dashed line K2. The second side portion 22 is the part of the frame 20 corresponding to the circumferential sidewall of the laminate 10, that is... Figure 1 The portion below the dashed line K1. A transition connection can be provided between the first side 21 and the second side 22, so that the first side 21 is connected to the second side 22 through the transition connection, so that the structure of the frame 20 is adapted to the structure of the laminate 10.

[0049] Correspondingly, the positions and connection structures of the first insulating part 31 and the second insulating part 32 are similar and will not be described again here.

[0050] It should be understood that the thickness D of the second insulating portion 32 is the thickness at any cross-section of the second insulating portion 32 along the direction from the second side portion 22 to the sidewall of the laminate 10. d1 is the straight-line distance from any point on the end face of the battery cell layer 11 near the second side portion 22 along the first direction F1 to the end face of the second side portion 22 near the laminate 10. d2 is the straight-line distance from any point on the end face of the end busbar 112 near the second side portion 22 along the second direction F2 to the end face of the second side portion 22 near the laminate 10, or, the straight-line distance from any point on the end face of the battery cell 111 near the second side portion 22 along the second direction F2 to the end face of the second side portion 22 near the laminate 10.

[0051] In this embodiment, by having the frame 20 cover at least a portion of the circumferential edge of the laminate 10, and providing an insulating layer 30 between the frame 20 and the laminate 10, the insulating layer 30 serves both to bond and fix the frame 20 and the laminate 10, and to increase the creepage distance between the frame and the cell layer. Furthermore, the creepage adjustment coefficient of the photovoltaic module can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the insulating layer 30. Moreover, by setting the creepage adjustment coefficient range for the photovoltaic module in different directions, the bonding performance between the frame 20 and the laminate 10, as well as the insulation performance between the cell layer 11 and the frame 20, can be balanced in different directions.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a photovoltaic module may include a laminate 10 and a frame 20. The laminate 10 has a cell layer 11 and has a front side 101 and a back side 102. The front side 101 is the side that receives light, and the back side 102 is the side that faces away from the front side 101. The laminate 10 has circumferential sidewalls around its perimeter. The frame 20 is disposed around the perimeter of the laminate 10 and covers at least part of the circumferential edge of the laminate 10, so as to protect part or all of the circumferential edge of the laminate 10 through the frame 20.

[0053] In specific applications, photovoltaic modules are formed by laminating at least a laminated component 10, an insulating layer 30, and a frame 20. In the embodiments of this application, the laminated component 10, the insulating layer 30, and the frame 20 can be placed in a lamination device and hot-pressed in a single lamination process, thereby achieving the lamination of the laminated component 10, the insulating layer 30, and the frame 20. This allows for simultaneous lamination of the laminated component 10 and the insulating layer 30, while simultaneously connecting and fixing the frame 20 to the laminated component 10. Compared to the traditional method of first laminating the laminated component and then gluing and fixing the frame 20, this greatly simplifies the processing steps and helps improve production efficiency.

[0054] It is understandable that in photovoltaic modules, if the insulation layer 30 is too thin, it will affect the bonding performance between the frame 20 and the laminate 10, resulting in insufficient bonding force and poor bonding effect; while if the insulation layer 30 is too thick, the uneven shrinkage and expansion of the insulation layer 30 at different positions during the hot pressing process of photovoltaic modules will also affect the bonding effect between the frame 20 and the laminate 10.

[0055] In some embodiments of the photovoltaic module of this application, the insulating layer 30 located between the edge portion of the frame 20 and the edge portion of the laminate 10 can be connected to the encapsulation film layer 13 inside the laminate 10, thereby improving the overall connection strength of the photovoltaic module, as well as improving the sealing performance of the laminate and extending the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0056] The insulating layer 30 can be made of the same or similar material as the encapsulation film layer 13, so that after lamination, the insulating layer 30 and the encapsulation film layer 13 can form an integral structure. For example, the insulating layer 30 can be made of materials such as polyolefin elastomer (POE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and polyvinyl butyral (PVB).

[0057] Of course, the insulating layer 30 can also be made of a different material than the encapsulation film layer 13. Those skilled in the art can flexibly set the material of the insulating layer 30 as needed, and this application does not limit it here.

[0058] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 30 is white, which can reflect some of the incident light to the solar cells, improving the incident light utilization rate and thus increasing the module power. Preferably, the insulating layer 30 contains titanium dioxide, which can shield ultraviolet rays while improving the incident light utilization rate, thereby improving the module's anti-aging properties. In other embodiments, other pigments, such as carbon black or silica, can also be added to the insulating layer 30. Those skilled in the art can flexibly set it as needed, and this application does not limit it.

[0059] In some embodiments, the battery cell layer 11 may include a plurality of battery strings, each battery string may be formed by multiple battery cells connected in series, and the multiple battery strings may be connected in parallel through a bus bar to form the battery cell layer 11, and the multiple battery cells in each battery string may be arranged at intervals along the second direction F2.

[0060] In the formed battery cell layer 11, the outermost battery cells located at both ends of the second direction F2 are designated as end battery cells 111, and two adjacent end battery cells 111 can be electrically connected through end busbars 112. The end busbars 112 can be located on the outer side of the end battery cells 111 along the second direction F2, or on the side of the end battery cells 111 facing the front side 101 or the back side 102.

[0061] Specifically, the laminate 10 has two first sides arranged opposite each other along a first direction F1 and two second sides arranged opposite each other along a second direction F2. The first side can be the long side of the laminate 10 and the second side can be the short side of the laminate 10. That is, the first direction F1 is the width direction of the laminate and the second direction F2 is the length direction of the laminate.

[0062] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the second side 22 of the frame 20 may cover part or all of the first side of the laminate 10, and part or all of the second side of the laminate 10. A second insulating portion 32 is provided between the second side 22 of the frame 20 and the first side of the laminate 10, and between the second side 22 of the frame 20 and the second side of the laminate 10, to provide adhesion and insulation between the frame 20 and the circumferential sidewalls of the laminate 10.

[0063] The first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 is set between 10 and 400. If the first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 is less than 10, the creepage distance between the cell layer 11 and the second side 22 of the frame 20 cannot be guaranteed, and there is a risk of leakage between the cell layer 11 and the frame 20, posing a safety hazard. If the first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 is greater than 400, then either d1 is too large, which will reduce the light conversion efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic module, or D is too small, and the second insulating part 32 is too thin, which will reduce the adhesion between the frame 20 and the laminate 10. It should be understood that the setting principle of the second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 can refer to the above content, and will not be repeated here.

[0064] For example, the first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 and / or the second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400.

[0065] In some embodiments, the range of the first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 can be set to 20≤B1≤200, so that in the first direction F1, the bonding performance between the frame 20 and the laminate 10 can be better ensured, while taking into account the creepage distance between the battery cell layer 11 and the frame 20.

[0066] In some embodiments, the range of the second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 can be set to 20≤B2≤200, so that in the second direction F2, the bonding performance between the frame 20 and the laminate 10 can be better ensured, while taking into account the creepage distance between the battery cell layer 11 and the frame 20.

[0067] Optionally, the distance from the end battery cell 111 along the first direction F1 or the second direction F2 to the first side portion 21 is X, and the distance from the end battery cell 111 along the first direction F1 or the second direction F2 to the first insulating portion 31 is Y, satisfying: |XY|≤7mm.

[0068] In this embodiment, by setting the range of the difference between the distance X from the end cell 111 to the first side 21 and the distance Y from the end cell 111 to the first insulating part 31, the bonding performance between the first insulating part 31 and the first side 21 and the laminate 10 is ensured, while the shading of the cell layer 11 by the excess adhesive of the insulating layer 30 is reduced, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0069] Understandably, when the value of |XY| is greater than 7mm, one scenario is that the first insulating portion 31 has a large amount of overflow relative to the first side portion 21. Although this helps improve the bonding effect, the large amount of overflow will block the light entering the end cell 111, thereby reducing the light conversion efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic module. Another scenario is that the first insulating portion 31 is much recessed relative to the first side portion 21, and there are many gap areas between the edge portion of the first side portion 21 and the laminate 10 where the insulating layer 30 is not provided. Although this avoids the light blocking of the end cell 111 due to the overflow of the first insulating portion 31, the large gap areas where the insulating layer 30 is not provided result in a poor bonding effect between the first side portion 21 and the laminate 10.

[0070] Specifically, the difference |XY| between the distance X from the end battery piece 111 to the first side portion 21 and the distance Y from the end battery piece 111 to the first insulating portion 31 can be set to any value such as 0mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, or any range between two values.

[0071] Wherein, distance X is the straight-line distance from any point on the outermost edge of the end cell 111 in the middle of the cell layer 11 along the first direction F1 or the second direction F2 to the end face of the first side portion 21 near the cell layer 11. Distance Y is the straight-line distance from any point on the outermost edge of the end cell 111 in the middle of the cell layer 11 along the first direction F1 or the second direction F2 to the edge of the first insulating portion 31 near the cell layer 11.

[0072] Optionally, the distance from the end of the first side portion 21 away from the second side portion 22 to the edge of the laminate 10 is n1, the distance from the end of the first insulating portion 31 away from the second insulating portion 32 to the edge of the laminate 10 is n2, and the thickness of the first insulating portion 31 is t, satisfying: |n1-n2|≤2t.

[0073] It should be understood that the thickness t of the first insulating portion 31 is the thickness of any cross section of the first insulating portion 31 along the direction from the first side portion 21 to the laminate 10.

[0074] In this embodiment of the application, by setting the range of difference between the distance n1 from the edge of the first side portion 21 to the edge of the laminate 10 and the distance n2 from the edge of the first insulating portion 31 to the edge of the laminate 10, the bonding performance between the first insulating portion 31 and the first side portion 21 and the laminate 10 is ensured, and the shading of the excess adhesive portion of the insulating layer 30 on the cell layer 11 is also reduced, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0075] Understandably, if the value of |n1-n2| is too large, one possibility is that the first insulating portion 31 has a large amount of overflow relative to the first side portion 21. Although this helps improve the bonding effect, the large amount of overflow will block the light entering the end cell 111, thereby reducing the light conversion efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic module. Another possibility is that the first insulating portion 31 is much recessed relative to the first side portion 21, and there are many gap areas between the edge of the first side portion 21 and the laminate 10 where the insulating layer 30 is not provided. Although this avoids the light blocking of the end cell 111 due to the overflow of the first insulating portion 31, the large number of gap areas where the insulating layer 30 is not provided results in a poor bonding effect between the first side portion 21 and the laminate 10.

[0076] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the laminate 10 also includes an encapsulation film layer 13, and the battery cell layer 11 is embedded in the encapsulation film layer 13. The thickness direction of the laminate 10 is the third direction F3. The thickness of the laminate 10 is h2, and the length of the second side 22 along the thickness direction of the laminate 10 is h3, satisfying: |h2-h3|≤0.5(b+t), where b is the thickness of the encapsulation film layer 13 in the photovoltaic module, and t is the thickness of the first insulating part 31.

[0077] It is understandable that the thickness of the first insulating part 31 and the encapsulation film layer 13 will change before and after lamination during the photovoltaic module lamination process. In this application, the thickness of the encapsulation film layer 13 and the thickness of the first insulating part 31 in the photovoltaic module are used to control the dimensional difference between the thickness h2 of the laminate 10 and the length h3 of the second side 22, so as to better accommodate the manufacturing errors of the photovoltaic module, ensure the protective effect of the frame 20 on the circumferential side of the laminate 10, and the effect of preventing dust accumulation and water accumulation.

[0078] In some embodiments, |h2-h3| can be set to 0, thereby satisfying processing requirements while ensuring the protective effect of the frame 20 on the circumferential sides of the laminate 10. Of course, the specific difference between |h2-h3| can be flexibly set according to the design requirements of the photovoltaic module, and is not limited here.

[0079] Optionally, such as Figure 7As shown, the length of the second insulating part 32 along the third direction F3 is h1, satisfying: h3≤h1≤h2. By setting the dimensional relationship between h2, h3, and h1, the protective effect of the frame 20 on the circumferential side of the laminate 10 is ensured, thereby achieving the effect of preventing dust accumulation and water accumulation.

[0080] It is understandable that, such as Figure 1 As shown, the stacking direction of the front plate 12, encapsulation film layer 13, and back plate 14 in the laminate 10 is the thickness direction of the laminate 10, also known as the third direction F3. Here, h1 refers to the straight-line distance along the thickness direction of the laminate 10 from the end face of the second insulating portion 32 facing the front side 101 of the laminate 10 to the back side 102 of the laminate 10. h3 refers to the straight-line distance along the thickness direction of the laminate 10 from the end face of the second side portion 22 facing the front side 101 of the laminate 10 to the back side 102 of the laminate 10.

[0081] Optionally, such as Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, the insulating layer 30 includes a base layer 301 and an adhesive layer 302. The base layer 301 is disposed between the frame 20 and the laminate 10. The adhesive layer 302 is provided on the side of the base layer 301 facing the frame 20, and / or, the adhesive layer 302 is provided on the side of the base layer 301 facing the laminate 10.

[0082] In this embodiment, by providing a base layer 301 in the insulating layer 30, the overall strength and connection performance of the insulating layer 30 can be guaranteed. At the same time, by providing an adhesive layer 302 between the base layer 301 and the frame 20 and / or the laminate 10, the bonding performance between the base layer 301 and the frame 20 and / or the laminate 10 can be improved, thereby ensuring the bonding and fixing effect of the insulating layer 30 on the frame 20 and the laminate 10.

[0083] It is understood that the base layer 301 in the insulating layer 30 softens during hot pressing, which can serve as an adhesive between the frame 20 and the laminate 10. Furthermore, in this embodiment, an adhesive layer 302 is further provided on the surface of the base layer 301 to improve the adhesion between the insulating layer 30 and the frame 20 and / or the laminate 10. At the same time, the adhesive layer 302 can also be used to pre-fix the insulating layer 30 and the frame 20 and / or the laminate 10 before lamination, which facilitates the process operation.

[0084] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the adhesive layer 302 is smaller than the area of ​​the base layer 301, thereby preventing the adhesive layer 302, which has poor weather resistance and is prone to aging, from affecting the service life of the module. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer 302 is further preferably discontinuous dot-shaped or linear, which, while ensuring that the adhesive layer 302 plays a pre-fixing role, further reduces the impact of the adhesive layer 302, which has poor weather resistance and is prone to aging, on the service life of the module.

[0085] It is understood that in this application, an adhesive layer 302 is provided in the insulating layer 30 to facilitate pre-fixation of the insulating layer 30 to the frame 20 and / or the laminate 10 during processing. The areas on the base layer 301 without the adhesive layer 302 are primarily bonded to the frame 20 and / or the laminate 10 through softening of the base layer 301. Since the adhesive layer 302 has relatively poor weather resistance and is prone to aging, the areas in the insulating layer 30 where the adhesive layer 302 is provided are susceptible to peeling or even detachment as the module is used. Therefore, by setting the size and shape of the adhesive layer 302 on the base layer 301, it is possible to ensure that the adhesive layer 302 serves a pre-fixation function while reducing the impact of the adhesive layer 302 on the module's lifespan during use.

[0086] The area of ​​adhesive layer 302 refers to the contact area between adhesive layer 302 and substrate layer 301, and the area of ​​substrate layer 301 refers to the surface area of ​​substrate layer 301 facing adhesive layer 302.

[0087] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thickness t of the first insulating part 31 is 0.1mm-1mm. By setting the thickness range of the first insulating part 31 in the insulating layer 30, the adhesion ability of the first insulating part 31 to the first side 21 of the frame 20 and the back surface 102 of the laminate 10 is ensured. At the same time, the first insulating part 31 is avoided from being too thick, which would affect the actual lamination molding and increase production costs.

[0088] For example, the thickness t of the first insulating part 31 can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm.

[0089] In other embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thickness D of the second insulating portion 32 is 0.1mm-1mm. By setting the thickness range of the second insulating portion 32 in the insulating layer 30, the adhesion ability of the second insulating portion 32 to the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the circumferential sidewall of the laminate 10 is ensured. At the same time, the second insulating portion 32 is prevented from being too thick, which would affect the actual lamination molding and increase production costs.

[0090] For example, the thickness D of the second insulating part 32 can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm.

[0091] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first insulating portion 31 is at least partially exposed on the first side portion 21 to form an overflow portion 311. The width of the overflow portion 311 is 0mm to 7mm along the direction from the edge of the back surface 102 to the center. For example, the width of the overflow portion 311 can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 0mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm.

[0092] In this embodiment, by exposing at least a portion of the first insulating portion 31 to form an excess adhesive portion 311 on the first side portion 21, it is ensured that the first insulating portion 31 can fully fill the space between the first side portion 21 of the frame 20 and the back surface 102 of the laminate 10, thereby ensuring the adhesion effect of the insulating layer 30 to the first side portion 21 and the back surface 102 of the laminate 10. Simultaneously, by controlling the width of the excess adhesive portion 311, the adhesion capability of the first insulating portion 31 is ensured while avoiding excessive excess adhesive portion 311 that would significantly obstruct the surface of the laminate 10, thus guaranteeing the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0093] It is understandable that, such as Figure 1 As shown, if the width of the excess adhesive portion 311 is too large, it will block the light entering the end cell 111, reducing the light conversion efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic module. Therefore, by setting a reasonable value for the width of the excess adhesive portion 311, the shading of the cell layer 11 by the excess adhesive portion 311 can be reduced while ensuring the adhesion performance of the insulating layer 30 to the frame 20 and the back surface 102 of the laminate 10.

[0094] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the laminate 10 also includes a front plate 12, an encapsulation film layer 13 and a back plate 14 stacked sequentially. The battery cell layer 11 is embedded in the encapsulation film layer 13, and the encapsulation film layer 13 extends at least partially between the frame 20 and the laminate 10 to form at least a portion of the insulating layer 30.

[0095] In this embodiment, by extending at least a portion of the encapsulation film layer 13 in the laminate 10 between the frame 20 and the laminate 10 to form a part of the insulating layer 30, the insulating layer 30 and the encapsulation film layer 13 form an integral structure, so that the encapsulation film layer 13 of the laminate 10 can be used to bond the frame 20, thereby improving the overall structural strength of the photovoltaic module.

[0096] It is understood that in a photovoltaic module, the encapsulation film layer 13 is formed by hot pressing and fusing an encapsulation film laid on the upper layer of the cell layer 11 and an encapsulation film disposed on the lower layer of the cell layer 11. This allows at least one of the upper and lower encapsulation films to extend between the frame 20 and the laminate 10. Furthermore, after hot pressing, the outer portion of the encapsulation film forms part of the insulating layer 30.

[0097] Optionally, such as Figure 14 As shown, this application also provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, used to prepare the photovoltaic module in the above embodiments. The specific steps of the preparation method include the following:

[0098] Step 101: Provide the pre-stacked part 10a, the frame 20 and the insulating film 30a, and determine the size of the insulating film 30a.

[0099] It should be noted that, as Figure 6 As shown, the pre-stacked component 10a in this embodiment refers to the state of the stacked component 10 before lamination. The pre-stacked component 10a includes a backplate 14, an encapsulating film 13a, a battery cell layer 11, and a front plate 12. The encapsulating film 13a covers the upper and lower sides of the battery cell layer 11. During the lamination process, the encapsulating film 13a softens due to heat to form an encapsulating film layer 13. The encapsulating film layer 13 fully fills the gap between the backplate 14 and the front plate 12, thus providing encapsulation and protection for the battery cell layer 11.

[0100] The cell layer 11 can be formed by multiple cells connected in series and / or in parallel, and the encapsulating film 13a in the pre-laminated assembly 10a can be one or more layers. Of course, other structural layers can also be provided in the pre-laminated assembly 10a, which can be flexibly set according to the specific structural needs of the photovoltaic module, and are not limited here.

[0101] Furthermore, based on the specifications and dimensions of the pre-stacked part 10a, a suitable frame 20 is selected, and the required dimensions of the insulating film 30a are determined according to the lamination process.

[0102] Step 102: Assemble the pre-stacked part 10a, the frame 20 and the insulating film 30a together to form the part to be laminated 100.

[0103] Specifically, the frame 20 is installed around the perimeter of the pre-stacked part 10a, and an insulating film 30a is laid between the frame 20 and the pre-stacked part 10a to form the part to be laminated 100 for subsequent lamination molding.

[0104] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 As shown, an adhesive layer 302 can be provided on at least one surface of the insulating film 30a. Furthermore, as... Figures 8 to 10 As shown, when assembling the component to be laminated 100, the insulating film 30a can be laid into the groove of the frame 20 first, and the insulating film 30a can be bonded and fixed to the frame 20 using the adhesive layer 302. Then, the frame 20 with the insulating film 30a is installed to the four edges of the pre-laminated component 10a to form the component to be laminated 100.

[0105] Or, such as Figures 5 to 7 As shown, when assembling the component to be laminated 100, the insulating film 30a can be laid on the four edges of the pre-laminated component 10a first, and the insulating film 30a can be bonded and fixed to the four edges of the pre-laminated component 10a using the adhesive layer 302. Then, the frame 20 is fastened to the four edges of the pre-laminated component 10a, so that the insulating film 30a is located between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated component 10a to form the component to be laminated 100.

[0106] Specifically, an adhesive layer 302 can be formed by applying insulating adhesive to the surface of the insulating film 30a, or by laying insulating tape on the surface of the insulating film 30a. Alternatively, other materials can be used to form the adhesive layer 302 with bonding function. The adhesive can be a commonly used adhesive in the art, such as polyacrylate or epoxy resin. Those skilled in the art can flexibly set the adhesive according to actual needs, and no limitation is made here. In some embodiments, the area of ​​the adhesive layer 302 is smaller than the area of ​​the base layer, thereby avoiding the impact of the weather-resistant and easily aging adhesive layer 302 on the service life of the module. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer 302 is further preferably discontinuous dot-shaped or linear, which, while ensuring that the adhesive layer 302 plays a pre-fixing role, further reduces the impact of the weather-resistant and easily aging adhesive layer 302 on the service life of the module.

[0107] Step 103: Lamination is performed on the laminate 100 to form a laminate 10 from the pre-laminated laminate 10a, and an insulating film 30a is filled between the frame 20 and the laminate 10 to form an insulating layer 30.

[0108] Specifically, in step 102, the component to be laminated 100 is fed into a laminating device. Through heating and lamination, the encapsulating film 13a in the pre-laminated component 10a softens due to heat, forming an encapsulating film layer 13. This layer provides encapsulation and protection for the battery cell layer 11 and also serves to connect and fix the backplate 14 and the front plate 12, thus forming the final laminate 10. Simultaneously, the insulating film 30a, after softening due to heat, can flow and fill the gap between the frame 20 and the laminate 10, forming an insulating layer 30 between the frame 20 and the laminate 10, thereby achieving adhesion and fixation between the frame 20 and the laminate 10.

[0109] It should be noted that when performing the lamination process of the component to be laminated 100, the pre-laminated component 10a can be placed with the back plate 14 facing upwards, or the pre-laminated component 10a can be placed with the front plate 12 facing upwards; there is no limitation here.

[0110] In this embodiment, by setting the size of the insulating film 30a before lamination, the thickness of the insulating layer 30 in the laminated photovoltaic module is controlled, thereby controlling the creepage adjustment coefficient B and the anti-shading coefficient Z of the photovoltaic module. This ensures that the creepage distance from the cell layer 11 to the frame 20 in the laminated photovoltaic module meets the requirements, improving the safety performance of the photovoltaic module. At the same time, it reduces the shading of the cell layer 11 by the frame 20 and the insulating layer 30, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0111] Furthermore, by employing the molding method described in this application, the frame 20 can be bonded and fixed simultaneously with the lamination of the pre-laminated component 10a. Compared to the traditional method of first laminating and molding the laminate and then gluing and fixing the frame 20, this greatly simplifies the processing steps and helps improve production efficiency. Moreover, during the lamination process, as the encapsulating film 13a in the pre-laminated component 10a softens due to heating, some of the encapsulating film 13a overflows from the surrounding sidewalls of the pre-laminated component 10a and combines with the insulating film 30a to form the final insulating layer 30. This helps improve the connection strength of the frame 20 and extends the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0112] Optionally, such as Figure 12 As shown, the pre-laminated component 10a has a front side 101 and a back side 102 disposed opposite to each other along a third direction F3. The frame 20 includes a first side 21 and a second side 22 connected to each other. In the component to be laminated 100, the first side 21 at least partially covers the periphery of the back side 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and the second side 22 surrounds and covers part or all of the circumferential sidewall of the pre-laminated component 10a. An insulating film 30a is disposed between the first side 21 and the back side 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and a gap 23 exists between the second side 22 and the circumferential sidewall of the pre-laminated component 10a.

[0113] In this embodiment, by setting the size of the insulating film 30a in the laminate 100, the insulating film 30a is placed between the first side 21 of the frame 20 and the back surface 102 of the pre-laminated part 10a, and a certain gap 23 is reserved between the second side 22 of the frame 20 and the surrounding sidewalls of the pre-laminated part 10a. Then, when the laminate 100 is hot-pressed, the insulating film 30a softens due to heat, and part of the insulating film 30a overflows into the gap 23, thereby forming an insulating layer 30 between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated part 10a, achieving the bonding effect between the frame 20 and the molded laminate 10.

[0114] Furthermore, by adopting the preparation method of this application, the amount of insulating film 30a can be reasonably controlled, reducing production costs. While ensuring the adhesion and sealing performance of the insulating layer 30, it is easy to control the excess adhesive on the surface of the photovoltaic module, reduce shading on the surface of the photovoltaic module, and improve aesthetics.

[0115] It is understandable that when laminating the laminate 100, the front side 101 of the pre-laminated laminate 10a can be placed face down in the laminating equipment for hot pressing, so that the insulating film 30a can be softened by heat and more easily flow downward to fill between the frame 20 and the four sides of the pre-laminated laminate 10a.

[0116] Optionally, such as Figure 12 As shown, along the direction from the second side portion 22 to the circumferential sidewall of the pre-stacked member 10a, the gap 23 has a size of M, which satisfies: 0.1mm≤M≤1mm.

[0117] In this embodiment, by setting a reasonable range of values ​​for the gap 23 dimension M, the size of the gap 23 between the frame 20 and the four sidewalls of the pre-stacked component 10a in the laminate 100 is controlled. This avoids the gap 23 being too large, which would prevent the insulating film 30a from effectively filling the gap 23, affecting the bonding performance to the frame 20 and the sealing performance around the photovoltaic module. At the same time, it also avoids the gap 23 being too small, which would cause a large amount of insulating film 30a to overflow onto the surface of the photovoltaic module, affecting the module's performance and aesthetics.

[0118] For example, the gap 23 dimension M can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm and 1mm.

[0119] Optionally, such as Figure 13 As shown, the pre-laminated component 10a has a front side 101 and a back side 102 disposed opposite to each other along a third direction F3. The frame 20 includes a first side 21 and a second side 22 connected to each other. In the component to be laminated 100, the first side 21 at least partially covers the periphery of the back side 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and the second side 22 surrounds and covers part or all of the circumferential sidewall of the pre-laminated component 10a. An insulating film 30a is disposed between the first side 21 and the back side 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and the insulating film 30a at least partially extends between the second side 22 and the circumferential sidewall of the pre-laminated component 10a.

[0120] In this embodiment, by setting the size of the insulating film 30a in the laminate 100, the insulating film 30a is positioned between the first side 21 of the frame 20 and the back surface 102 of the pre-laminated part 10a, and extends at least partially between the second side 22 of the frame 20 and the circumferential sidewall of the pre-laminated part 10a. During hot pressing of the laminate 100, the insulating film 30a softens upon heating and flows to fill the space between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated part 10a, forming an insulating layer 30 between them, thus achieving adhesion and fixation between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated part 10a. This ensures that the insulating film 30a can fully fill the gap 23 between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated part 10a during lamination, thereby enhancing the adhesion and fixation of the insulating layer 30 to the frame 20 and the formed laminate 10.

[0121] In some embodiments, the insulating film 30a may include a first film disposed between the first side portion 21 of the frame 20 and the back surface 102 of the pre-stacked member 10a, and a second film disposed between the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the surrounding sidewalls of the pre-stacked member 10a. The first and second films may be an integral structure or separate structures.

[0122] Furthermore, the thickness of the first adhesive film and the thickness of the second adhesive film can be the same or different. This can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and no limitation is made here.

[0123] Optionally, such as Figure 13 As shown, along the third direction F3, the dimension of the portion of the insulating film 30a extending to the second side 22 between the circumferential sidewall of the pre-stacked member 10a is H1, and the thickness of the pre-stacked member 10a is H2, satisfying: 0mm≤H1≤H2.

[0124] In this embodiment, by setting the size range of the portion of the insulating film 30a extending between the second side 22 and the circumferential sidewall of the pre-stacked member 10a, it is ensured that the insulating film 30a can fully fill the gap between the frame 20 and the pre-stacked member 10a after it softens when heated, while avoiding excessive insulating film 30a which would result in excessive adhesive overflow on the surface of the photovoltaic module after molding, affecting the performance and aesthetics of the photovoltaic module.

[0125] Optionally, such as Figure 6 As shown, along the third direction F3, the distance from the end of the second side 22 away from the first side 21 to the back surface 102 is H3, and the thickness of the pre-stacked member 10a is H2, satisfying: 0 < H2 - H3 ≤ 0.5(B + T); where B is the thickness of the encapsulating film 13a in the pre-stacked member 10a, and T is the thickness of the insulating film 30a.

[0126] It is understandable that during the lamination of the laminate 100, the frame 20 will change position along the third direction F3 due to the thermal deformation of the insulating film 30a and the encapsulating film 13a in the pre-laminated component 10a. Therefore, in this embodiment, by setting H2-H3≤0.5(B+T), a height difference is created between the lower end face of the second side 22 of the frame 20 and the front face 101 of the pre-laminated component 10a, to better match the requirements of the lamination process and improve process quality. Simultaneously, by setting H2-H3>0, a height difference is created between the end face of the second side 22 facing the front face of the pre-laminated component 10a and the front face of the pre-laminated component 10a before lamination, facilitating the lamination operation and reducing the impact of the frame 20 on the lamination process.

[0127] If H2-H3 is greater than 0.5(B+T), the height difference between the second side 22 and the pre-stacked component 10a will be large. After lamination, insufficient glue filling between the second side 22 and the stacked component 10 is likely to occur, resulting in more gaps between the second side 22 and the stacked component 10, which will affect the bonding strength between the frame 20 and the stacked component 10.

[0128] Optionally, such as Figure 6 As shown, the distance from the end of the first side 21 away from the second side 22 to the edge of the pre-stacked member 10a is N1, the distance from the edge of the portion of the insulating film 30a covering the back side 102 to the edge of the pre-stacked member 10a is N2, and the thickness of the insulating film 30a is T, satisfying: 0 < |N1-N2| ≤ 2T.

[0129] In this embodiment, by setting |N1-N2| to be greater than 0, a filling space is reserved between the edge portion of the first side 21 and the pre-stacked member 10a for the thermal deformation of the insulating film 30a, thereby helping to reduce adhesive overflow on the back of the photovoltaic module after lamination. At the same time, the upper limit of |N1-N2| is controlled to ensure the bonding effect between the frame 20 and the stacked member 10.

[0130] It is understandable that if |N1-N2| is greater than 2T, there will be a gap between the edge of the first side 21 and the laminate 10 in the laminated photovoltaic module, resulting in insufficient filling of adhesive between the first side 21 and the laminate 10, which will affect the bonding strength between the frame 20 and the laminate 10.

[0131] It should be noted that the insulating film 30a may include a first film disposed between the first side portion 21 of the frame 20 and the back surface 102 of the pre-stacked member 10a, and a second film disposed between the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the surrounding sidewalls of the pre-stacked member 10a. The aforementioned thickness T is the thickness of the second film. The thickness of the first film can be flexibly set according to actual needs; it can be the same as or different from the thickness of the second film.

[0132] Optionally, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in the laminate 100, the thickness T of the insulating film 30a satisfies: 0.3mm ≤ T ≤ 1mm. For example, the thickness T of the insulating film 30a can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm.

[0133] In this embodiment, by setting a reasonable range for the thickness T of the insulating film 30a, the thickness of the insulating film 30a in the laminate 100 is controlled. This avoids the insulating film 30a being too thin, which would prevent the effective insulating layer 30 from being formed between the frame 20 and the laminate 10 after lamination, thus achieving adhesion. At the same time, it also avoids the insulating film 30a being too thick, which would not only increase production costs but also hinder the thermal softening and flow of the insulating film 30a during the lamination process, ultimately affecting the adhesion performance of the formed insulating layer 30.

[0134] Optionally, this application also provides a photovoltaic system including the photovoltaic modules in the above embodiments.

[0135] In this embodiment, by having the frame 20 cover at least a portion of the circumferential edge of the laminate 10, and providing an insulating layer 30 between the frame 20 and the laminate 10, the insulating layer 30 serves both to bond and fix the frame 20 and the laminate 10, and to increase the creepage distance between the frame and the cell layer. Furthermore, the creepage adjustment coefficient of the photovoltaic module can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the insulating layer 30. Moreover, by setting the creepage adjustment coefficient range for the photovoltaic module in different directions, the bonding performance between the frame 20 and the laminate 10, as well as the insulation performance between the cell layer 11 and the frame 20, can be balanced in different directions.

[0136] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0137] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The photovoltaic module comprises: a laminated piece, a frame and an insulation layer, the frame is wrapped around at least part of the circumferential edge of the laminated piece, and the insulation layer is arranged between the frame and the laminated piece, and the laminated piece is provided with a cell layer, and the laminated piece has a front surface and a back surface arranged oppositely; the frame comprises a first side portion and a second side portion connected to each other, the first side portion at least partially covers the circumferential edge of the back surface of the laminated piece, and the second side portion wraps around part or all of the circumferential side wall of the laminated piece; the insulation layer comprises a first insulation portion and a second insulation portion, the first insulation portion is arranged between the first side portion and the back surface of the laminated piece, and the second insulation portion is arranged between the second side portion and the circumferential side wall of the laminated piece; the laminated piece has two first side edges arranged oppositely along a first direction and two second side edges arranged oppositely along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; the cell layer is provided with an end cell and an end bus bar at two ends along the second direction, respectively, and the end bus bar is electrically connected to the end cell; the photovoltaic module has a first creeping adjustment coefficient in the first direction and a second creeping adjustment coefficient in the second direction; the first creeping adjustment coefficient B1=d1 / D satisfies: 10≤B1≤400; wherein d1 is the distance from the cell layer to the second side portion along the first direction, and D is the thickness of the second insulation portion; the second creeping adjustment coefficient B2=d2 / D satisfies: 10≤B2≤400; wherein D is the thickness of the second insulation portion, in the case that the end bus bar is arranged between the end cell and the second side edge, d2 is the distance from the end bus bar to the second side portion along the second direction; in the case that the end bus bar is arranged on the side of the end cell facing the back surface or the front surface, d2 is the distance from the end cell to the second side portion along the second direction.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, the first creeping adjustment coefficient B1 satisfies: 20≤B1≤200, and / or the second creeping adjustment coefficient B2 satisfies: 20≤B2≤200.

3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, the distance from the end cell to the first side portion along the first direction or the second direction is X, the distance from the end cell to the first insulation portion along the first direction or the second direction is Y, and |X-Y|≤7mm is satisfied; and / or the distance from the end of the first side portion away from the second side portion to the edge of the laminated piece is n1, the distance from the end of the first insulation portion away from the second insulation portion to the edge of the laminated piece is n2, and the thickness of the first insulation portion is t, and |n1-n2|≤2t is satisfied.

4. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The laminated piece further comprises an encapsulation film layer, the battery piece layer is embedded in the encapsulation film layer, and a thickness direction of the laminated piece is a third direction; a thickness of the laminated piece is h2, a length of the second side portion along the third direction is h3, and the following condition is met: |h2-h3|≤0.5(b+t), wherein b is a thickness of the encapsulation film layer, and t is a thickness of the first insulating portion; and / or a length of the second insulating portion along the third direction is h1, and the following condition is met: h3≤h1≤h2.

5. The photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The insulating layer comprises a base layer and an adhesive layer, the base layer is arranged between the frame and the laminated piece, the side of the base layer facing the frame is provided with the adhesive layer, and / or the side of the base layer facing the laminated piece is provided with the adhesive layer; And / or the insulating layer is white; And / or the area of the adhesive layer is smaller than the area of the base layer.

6. The photovoltaic module of claim 5, wherein, The insulating layer is titanium white; and / or the adhesive layer is discontinuous and in the form of dots or lines.

7. The photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The thickness of the first insulating portion is: 0.1 mm-1 mm; and / or the thickness of the second insulating portion is: 0.1 mm-1 mm; and / or the first insulating portion is at least partially exposed to the first side portion to form a glue overflow portion, and the width of the glue overflow portion is 0 mm-7 mm in a direction from the edge to the center of the back surface.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1-4, wherein, The laminated piece further comprises a front plate, an encapsulation film layer and a back plate arranged in sequence, the battery piece layer is embedded in the encapsulation film layer, and the encapsulation film layer at least partially extends between the frame and the laminated piece to form at least part of the insulating layer.

9. A method for the production of a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that Comprising: providing a pre-laminated piece, a frame and an insulating adhesive film, and determining the size of the insulating adhesive film; assembling the pre-laminated piece, the frame and the insulating adhesive film together to form a to-be-laminated piece; laminating the to-be-laminated piece to make the pre-laminated piece form a laminated piece, and make the insulating adhesive film fill between the frame and the laminated piece to form an insulating layer.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises, The pre-laminated piece has a front surface and a back surface arranged opposite along a third direction, and the frame comprises a first side portion and a second side portion connected to each other; In the to-be-laminated piece, the first side portion at least partially covers the four peripheral edges of the back surface of the pre-laminated piece, and the second side portion surrounds part or all of the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated piece; the insulating adhesive film is arranged between the first side portion and the back surface of the pre-laminated piece, and a gap exists between the second side portion and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated piece.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises, In a direction from the second side portion to the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated piece, the size of the gap is M, and the following condition is met: 0.1 mm≤M≤1 mm.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises: The pre-laminated piece has a front surface and a back surface arranged opposite along a third direction, and the frame comprises a first side portion and a second side portion connected to each other; In the to-be-laminated piece, the first side portion at least partially covers the four peripheral edges of the back surface of the pre-laminated piece, and the second side portion surrounds part or all of the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated piece; the insulating adhesive film is arranged between the first side portion and the back surface of the pre-laminated piece, and the adhesive film at least partially extends between the second side portion and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated piece.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises: In the third direction, the size of the portion of the insulating adhesive film between the second side portion and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated piece is H1, the thickness of the pre-laminated piece is H2, and 0mm≤H1≤H2 is satisfied; In the third direction, the distance from the end of the second side portion away from the first side portion to the back surface is H3, the thickness of the pre-laminated piece is H2, and 0<H2-H3≤0.5(B+T) is satisfied; wherein B is the thickness of the encapsulation adhesive film in the pre-laminated piece, and T is the thickness of the insulating adhesive film.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises: The distance from the end of the first side portion away from the second side portion to the edge of the pre-laminated piece is N1, the distance from the edge of the back surface portion covered by the insulating adhesive film to the edge of the pre-laminated piece is N2, and the thickness of the insulating adhesive film is T, and 0<|N1-N2|≤2T is satisfied.

15. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, At least one side surface of the insulating adhesive film is provided with an adhesive layer, and in the to-be-laminated piece, the insulating adhesive film is adhesively fixed to the frame through the adhesive layer, and / or the insulating adhesive film is adhesively fixed to the pre-laminated piece through the adhesive layer. The insulating layer is white; and / or the area of the adhesive layer is smaller than the area of the insulating adhesive film; and / or the thickness T of the insulating adhesive film satisfies 0.3mm≤T≤1mm.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The insulating layer contains titanium white; and / or the adhesive layer is discontinuous and in the form of dots or lines.

17. A photovoltaic system characterized by, The photovoltaic module comprises the insulating adhesive film according to any one of claims 1-8. The photovoltaic module comprises the insulating adhesive film according to any one of claims 1-8.

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