The invention provides a joint bearing low-temperature wear test system. The system comprises a base, a temperature box, a radial stress subsystem, a power subsystem, a temperature control subsystem, a wear measurement subsystem and a clamp subsystem. The clamp subsystem comprises a pushing block, a loading plate, an accompanying test bearing seat, a mandrel, an accompanying test bearing, an end cover and a locking part, which are independent detachable parts; the mandrel, the pushing block or the loading plate can be replaced to realize clamping in a life test of joint bearings with different diameters, so that the utilization rate and the universality of a test clamp are improved; and in addition, the clamp subsystem adopts the structural design improvement that a single-side flange is added to an inner hole of the loading plate, the thickness of the pushing block is reduced, the flange and the end cover cooperatively fix the accompanying test bearing, and the like, so that the mandrel deformation or breakage easily caused in the joint bearing wear test process is effectively avoided.