Selenium-rich oyster mushroom cultivation method
By using the synergistic effects of hydroxyapatite, organic selenium and potassium chloride in selenium-rich oyster mushroom cultivation, the cultivation matrix and management steps are optimized, and the problem of quality instability in the prior art is solved, and the stability of oyster mushroom quality and efficient selenium absorption are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510305119.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-02
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The existing selenium-rich oyster mushroom cultivation methods are affected by the selenium source, culture matrix components and cultivation conditions, resulting in unstable quality, making it difficult to achieve efficient utilization of matrix raw materials and environmental protection requirements.
The synergistic hydroxyapatite, organic selenium and potassium chloride are adopted to optimize the formulation of selenium-rich cultivation matrix, and ensure the good growth and selenium absorption of oyster mushrooms through bacterial activation, bacterial management and mushroom production management.
The stability of the quality of oyster mushrooms between different batches is achieved, the content of organic selenium and protein content in oyster mushrooms is improved, and the quality difference is reduced, which is conducive to quality control and efficient utilization of matrix raw materials.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oyster mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a selenium-enriched oyster mushroom cultivation method. Background Art
[0002] As a widely cultivated edible fungus, Oyster mushroom has the advantages of short growth cycle, strong adaptability and high yield. In recent years, with the increasing demand for healthy food, selenium-rich Oyster mushroom has become a research hotspot because it is rich in organic selenium, a trace element essential to the human body. Selenium has many physiological functions such as anti-oxidation, enhancing immunity, and preventing and fighting cancer. Effectively enriching selenium in Oyster mushroom not only improves the nutritional value of Oyster mushroom, but also expands its market prospects.
[0003] The research on the cultivation method of selenium-rich Pleurotus ostreatus mainly includes the following aspects:
[0004] (1) Regulation of selenium source
[0005] At present, the selenium sources used for selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation mainly include inorganic selenium (such as sodium selenite, sodium selenate) and organic selenium (such as selenium yeast, selenoprotein). Adding an appropriate amount of inorganic selenium to the culture medium can enable Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium to absorb and transform selenium. However, inorganic selenium is relatively toxic.
[0006] (2) Regulation of culture matrix
[0007] Conventional cultivation substrates for Pleurotus ostreatus include cottonseed hulls, sawdust, corn cobs and other raw materials. Improved culture substrates are improved on this basis to promote selenium enrichment. For example, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the substrate can improve the vitality of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium and enhance its ability to absorb selenium. For example, pretreatment of the culture substrate, such as fermentation and high-temperature sterilization, can not only kill harmful microorganisms, but also change the physical and chemical properties of the culture substrate, making it more conducive to the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and the absorption of selenium.
[0008] (3) Regulation of cultivation conditions
[0009] Light and temperature have an important influence on the growth and selenium absorption of Pleurotus ostreatus, and are the main regulatory objects of cultivation conditions. Appropriate light intensity and photoperiod can promote the differentiation and development of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies, while affecting its metabolism of selenium. Studies have found that a certain length of blue light exposure during the fruiting body formation period can not only increase the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, but also increase the selenium content. In terms of temperature, Pleurotus ostreatus at different growth stages have different temperature requirements. Accurate temperature control helps maintain the good growth state of Pleurotus ostreatus and ensure the stable absorption and conversion of selenium.
[0010] Although the existing technology has the above-mentioned multiple regulatory factors, the quality of selenium-rich Pleurotus ostreatus is affected by the combined influence of multiple factors such as selenium source, culture matrix components, cultivation conditions, etc., resulting in large fluctuations in the quality of selenium-rich Pleurotus ostreatus between different batches and unstable quality, which is not conducive to the quality control of selenium-rich Pleurotus ostreatus, efficient use of matrix raw materials, and environmental protection. Summary of the invention
[0011] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a selenium-enriched oyster mushroom cultivation method, the quality of selenium-enriched oyster mushrooms between different batches is stable, which is conducive to the quality control of selenium-enriched oyster mushrooms.
[0012] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus, comprising:
[0013] The oyster mushroom strains are inoculated into a sterilized cottonseed hull seed culture medium for activating and propagating the strains; the cottonseed hull content in the cottonseed hull seed culture medium is not less than 54.5%;
[0014] A selenium-enriched cultivation matrix is prepared, wherein the formula of the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix is as follows in terms of mass percentage: 20% to 30% sawdust, 10% to 15% bran, 5% to 15% organic selenium, 0.2% to 0.5% potassium chloride, 0.2% to 0.5% hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed hulls make up to 100%; before sterilization, water is added to the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix to a water content of 60g / 100g to 65g / 100g;
[0015] The selenium-rich cultivation substrate is bagged, sterilized, and inoculated with oyster mushroom strains;
[0016] Bacteria management;
[0017] Mushroom production management.
[0018] Preferably, in the above-mentioned selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method, the organic selenium is selenium yeast, selenoprotein or selenium-containing amino acid.
[0019] Preferably, in the above-mentioned selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method, the concentration of the organic selenium raw material is 2000 ppm.
[0020] Preferably, in the above-mentioned selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method, the cottonseed hull seed culture medium has a formula, in mass percentage, as follows: 20% to 30% sawdust, 10% to 15% bran, 0.2% to 0.5% hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed hulls make up to 100%; before sterilization, water is added to the cottonseed hull seed culture medium to a moisture content of 60g / 100g to 65g / 100g.
[0021] Preferably, in the above-mentioned selenium-enriched oyster mushroom cultivation method, the cottonseed hull seed culture medium formula, in terms of mass percentage, is as follows: 20% sawdust, 10% bran, 0.3% hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed hulls make up to 100%; before sterilization, the cottonseed hull seed culture medium is watered to a water content of 60g / 100g;
[0022] The formula of the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix is as follows, in percentage by mass: 20% of sawdust, 10% of bran, 10% of organic selenium, 0.2%-0.5% of potassium chloride, 0.2%-0.5% of hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed hulls make up to 100%; before sterilization, water is added to the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix to a water content of 60g / 100g-65g / 100g.
[0023] Preferably, in the above-mentioned selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method, during mushroom management, after the fruiting body primordium is formed, exogenous stimulation is performed to promote selenium absorption; the exogenous stimulation refers to spraying a sterile potassium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 0.02% to 0.05%.
[0024] Preferably, in the above-mentioned selenium-rich Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method, 50 mL to 100 mL of sterile potassium chloride solution is sprayed per kilogram of selenium-rich cultivation substrate.
[0025] Preferably, in the above-mentioned selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method, the variety of Pleurotus ostreatus is Pleurotus ostreatus or Pleurotus floridulus.
[0026] Preferably, in the above-mentioned selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method, each bag is filled with 1.5kg to 2kg of selenium-enriched cultivation substrate by wet weight.
[0027] Preferably, in the above-mentioned selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method, the inoculation amount of Pleurotus ostreatus strains is 100g to 150g of Pleurotus ostreatus strains per kilogram of selenium-enriched cultivation substrate.
[0028] Preferably, in the above-mentioned selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method, during the spawning management, the spawning temperature is controlled at 22° C. to 25° C., and the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 60% to 70%.
[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0030] The present invention promotes the absorption of organic selenium by oyster mushrooms through the synergistic effect of hydroxyapatite, organic selenium and potassium chloride, so that the quality difference of oyster mushrooms between different batches is small. Among them, the formula of selenium-rich cultivation matrix is as follows in terms of mass percentage: 20% to 30% sawdust, 10% to 15% bran, 10% to 15% organic selenium, 0.2% to 0.5% potassium chloride, 0.2% to 0.5% hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed shells make up 100%; before sterilization, the selenium-rich cultivation matrix is watered to a water content of 60g / 100g to 65g / 100g. The experimental results of the present invention show that when hydroxyapatite, organic selenium and potassium chloride are used together, the effect of promoting the absorption of organic selenium and increasing the organic selenium content and protein content in oyster mushrooms can be reflected, indicating that the synergistic effect of the three is obvious.
[0031] The hydroxyapatite of the present invention is also used in cottonseed hull seed culture medium, and the formula of the cottonseed hull seed culture medium is as follows: 20% to 30% of sawdust, 10% to 15% of bran, 0.2% to 0.5% of hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed hulls make up to 100%; before sterilization, water is added to the cottonseed hull seed culture medium to a water content of 60g / 100g to 65g / 100g.
[0032] In addition, the present invention also carries out exogenous stimulation, specifically: after the fruiting body primordium is formed, a one-time exogenous stimulation is carried out to further promote the absorption of organic selenium to improve the absorption rate of organic selenium. The exogenous stimulation refers to spraying a sterile potassium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 0.02% to 0.05%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
[0034] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all reagents used are commercially available and all methods used are conventional techniques in the art.
[0035] The main inventive concepts of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
[0036] 1. Oyster mushroom varieties: Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida.
[0037] 2. Activation and propagation of bacterial strains
[0038] Place the Pleurotus ostreatus strains in cottonseed hull seed culture medium and culture them in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C for 7 to 10 days. After the mycelium has covered the entire slope, propagate the strains.
[0039] The cottonseed hull seed culture medium is formulated as follows, in percentage by mass: 20% to 30% sawdust, 10% to 15% bran, 0.2% to 0.5% hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed hulls make up to 100%, and the cottonseed hull content in the cottonseed hull seed culture medium is not less than 54.5%. Water is added to a water content of 60g / 100g to 65g / 100g, and the mixture is sterilized and set aside. When preparing the cottonseed hull seed culture medium, the cottonseed hulls are pre-moistened with water in advance.
[0040] 3. Preparation of selenium-rich cultivation substrate
[0041] Cottonseed hulls are used as the main material, and wood chips, bran and other materials are added to adjust the water content. Specifically, the formula of the selenium-rich cultivation matrix is as follows in terms of mass percentage: 20% to 30% wood chips, 10% to 15% bran, 5% to 15% organic selenium, 0.2% to 0.5% potassium chloride, 0.2% to 0.5% hydroxyapatite, cottonseed hulls are supplemented to 100%, water is added to the water content of 60% to 65%, and it is sterilized for use. When preparing the selenium-rich cultivation matrix, the cottonseed hulls are pre-moistened with water in advance.
[0042] The selenium-enriched cultivation substrate of the present invention can not only meet the nutrient requirements of the growth of Oyster mushroom, but also help to improve the absorption efficiency of mycelium to organic selenium. More importantly, it can stabilize the quality of selenium-enriched Oyster mushroom, reduce the quality difference of selenium-enriched Oyster mushroom between different batches, and facilitate product quality control.
[0043] 4. Selenium source
[0044] Use organic selenium: selenium yeast, selenoprotein or selenium-containing amino acids. Organic selenium has high bioavailability, no side effects, and is easy to be absorbed and utilized by the human body.
[0045] The method of adding the selenium source is to add it into the selenium-rich cultivation matrix.
[0046] 5. Cultivation management
[0047] 5.1. Bagging and inoculation
[0048] Put the prepared selenium-rich cultivation substrate into polypropylene plastic bags, with 1kg to 2kg of selenium-rich cultivation substrate in each bag, measured by wet weight. Specifically, each bag should be filled to 2 / 3 of the bag. The surface of the material should be flat, and holes should be punched in the middle for inoculation. After bagging, high-pressure steam sterilization or normal pressure sterilization is used. After thorough sterilization, when the bag temperature drops to 25°C, inoculate the oyster mushroom strain in a sterile environment. The inoculation amount is 100g to 150g per kilogram of selenium-rich cultivation substrate to ensure that the strain can germinate quickly.
[0049] 5.2. Bacteria management
[0050] After inoculation, the bags are moved to the inoculation room. The temperature in the inoculation room is controlled at 22℃~25℃, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 60%~70%, and attention is paid to ventilation. The room is ventilated 2 to 3 times a day, 30 minutes to 60 minutes each time, to avoid carbon dioxide accumulation. During the inoculation period, the bags are checked regularly, and the contaminated bags are removed in time to ensure the healthy growth of the mycelium. After 20 to 30 days, the mycelium can fill the bag.
[0051] 5.3. Mushroom production management
[0052] (1) When the mycelium fills the bag, move the bag to the fruiting room and give it a certain temperature difference stimulation (8℃~10℃ between day and night) to promote the formation of fruiting body primordium. The temperature in the fruiting room is controlled at 15℃~20℃, and the relative humidity of the air is increased to 85%~95%. The humidity is maintained by spraying, sprinkling water on the ground, etc.
[0053] After the fruiting body primordium is formed, a one-time exogenous stimulation is performed to further promote the absorption of selenium. The exogenous stimulation refers to spraying a sterile potassium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 0.02% to 0.05%.
[0054] (2) In terms of light management, during the fruiting period, 8 hours of blue light exposure per day with an intensity of 200 lx is provided to increase the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus and the content of organic selenium. At the same time, ventilation should be strengthened to ensure fresh air in the fruiting room and reduce the production of deformed mushrooms.
[0055] 5.4 Harvesting
[0056] The best time to harvest is when the cap of the fruiting body of the oyster mushroom is fully expanded, the edge has not yet rolled up, the color changes from dark to light, and the spores have not yet ejected. At this time, the taste, nutritional components and selenium content of the oyster mushroom are all in good condition. When harvesting, gently hold the base of the stem with your hand and rotate it to remove it to avoid damaging the mushroom body and the matrix.
[0057] 6. Quality Control
[0058] 6.1. Record the status of mycelium
[0059] 6.2. Detect the total selenium content in selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus samples. The specific detection method is:
[0060] Selenium-rich oyster mushroom samples were randomly collected from different areas of the cultivation site, and multiple sampling points were selected on the mushroom bed in a "Z" shape. An appropriate amount of healthy fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms were collected at each sampling point. The collected samples should be immediately placed in a clean, dry, sealed bag and stored at 4°C for later use. The collected oyster mushroom samples were rinsed with deionized water to remove the soil and impurities on the surface, and naturally air-dried. The dried oyster mushrooms were crushed into a uniform powder using a mortar or grinder. The crushed samples should be sieved, generally using a 60-mesh sieve. The total selenium content was determined by microwave digestion and atomic fluorescence spectrometry.
[0061] 6.3. Detect the organic selenium content in selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus samples.
[0062] First, inorganic selenium was separated from the Pleurotus ostreatus sample using ion exchange resin, and then the content of inorganic selenium was tested. The content of organic selenium in the Pleurotus ostreatus sample was obtained by subtracting the content of inorganic selenium from the total selenium content.
[0063] 6.4. Calculation of organic selenium conversion rate
[0064] Organic selenium conversion rate = 100% × (organic selenium content in Pleurotus ostreatus × Pleurotus ostreatus yield in one mushroom bag) / organic selenium mass of selenium-rich cultivation matrix in one mushroom bag
[0065] 6.5. Testing the protein content in Pleurotus ostreatus samples
[0066] The specific detection method is Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method.
[0067] The effects of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and control experiments.
[0068] Example 1
[0069] A method for cultivating selenium-enriched oyster mushrooms comprises the following steps:
[0070] 1. Oyster mushroom varieties: Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0071] 2. Activation and propagation of bacterial strains
[0072] Place the Pleurotus ostreatus strains in cottonseed hull seed culture medium and culture them in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C for 7 days. After the mycelium has covered the entire slope, propagate the strains.
[0073] The cottonseed hull seed culture medium formula, in terms of mass percentage, is as follows: 20% sawdust, 10% bran, 0.2% hydroxyapatite, cottonseed hulls are supplemented to 100%, and water is added until the water content of the cottonseed hull seed culture medium is 60g / 100g. When preparing the cottonseed hull seed culture medium, the cottonseed hulls are pre-wetted with water in advance. After sterilization, they are naturally cooled to room temperature and set aside.
[0074] 3. Preparation of selenium-rich cultivation substrate
[0075] Cottonseed hulls are used as the main material, and wood chips, bran and other materials are added. Specifically, the formula of the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix is as follows in terms of mass percentage: 20% wood chips, 10% bran, 10% organic selenium, 0.2% potassium chloride, 0.2% hydroxyapatite, cottonseed hulls are supplemented to 100%, and water is added to the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix to a moisture content of 60g / 100g. When preparing the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix, the cottonseed hulls are pre-moistened with water in advance. After sterilization, they are naturally cooled to room temperature and set aside.
[0076] 4. Selenium source
[0077] Organic selenium: selenium yeast was used. Selenium-enriched yeast purchased from Anhui Weimao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a concentration of 2000ppm, food grade, and item number 6686681053.
[0078] 5. Cultivation management
[0079] 5.1. Bagging and inoculation
[0080] Put the prepared selenium-rich cultivation substrate into a polypropylene plastic bag, with 1kg of selenium-rich cultivation substrate in each bag, measured by wet weight. Specifically, each bag should be filled to 2 / 3 of the bag. The surface of the material should be flat, and holes should be punched in the middle for inoculation. After bagging, high-pressure steam sterilization or normal pressure sterilization is used. After thorough sterilization, when the bag temperature drops to 25°C (room temperature), the expanded oyster mushroom strains are inoculated in a sterile environment. The inoculation amount is 100g per kilogram of selenium-rich cultivation substrate to ensure that the strains can germinate quickly.
[0081] 5.2. Bacteria management
[0082] After inoculation, the bags are moved to the inoculation room. The temperature in the inoculation room is controlled at 22°C, the relative humidity is maintained at 60%, and ventilation is performed twice a day for 30 minutes each time to avoid carbon dioxide accumulation. During the inoculation period, the bags are checked regularly and contaminated bags are removed in time to ensure the healthy growth of mycelium. After 20 days, the mycelium can fill the bag.
[0083] 5.3. Mushroom production management
[0084] (1) When the mycelium fills the bag, move the bag to the fruiting room and give it a certain temperature difference stimulation (8°C temperature difference between day and night) to promote the formation of fruiting body primordium. The temperature in the fruiting room is controlled at 15°C, and the relative humidity of the air is increased to 85%. The humidity is maintained by spraying, sprinkling water on the ground, etc.
[0085] (2) In terms of light management, during the fruiting period, 8 hours of blue light exposure per day with an intensity of 200 lx is provided to increase the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus and the content of organic selenium. At the same time, ventilation should be strengthened to ensure fresh air in the fruiting room and reduce the production of deformed mushrooms.
[0086] The settings of other embodiments and control experiments are shown in Table 1 and Table 3. It should be noted that in Tables 1 to 5, in addition to the conditions in the tables, the remaining operations of each embodiment and control experiment are the same as those of Example 1 to avoid the influence of other operating means on the experimental results.
[0087] Table 1 discusses different cottonseed hull seed culture medium conditions, which involve different sawdust addition amounts, different bran addition amounts, different hydroxyapatite addition amounts and different cottonseed hull addition amounts, to explore the effects of these factors on Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0088] Table 1 Cottonseed hull seed culture medium of the embodiment and control experiment
[0089]
[0090] Note: “ / ” in Table 1 means the item is not added.
[0091] Table 2 shows the quality test results of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated under different cottonseed hull seed culture medium conditions and the same selenium-rich cultivation substrate conditions (selenium-rich cultivation substrate of Example 1), wherein the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus includes mycelium state, organic selenium content in Pleurotus ostreatus, organic selenium conversion rate and protein content. The results show that the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus in each example is significantly better than that of Control Experiment 1.
[0092] Table 2 Pleurotus ostreatus quality test results 1 (based on fresh weight of Pleurotus ostreatus)
[0093]
[0094] Note: The organic selenium content, the mass of Pleurotus ostreatus produced in one bag, the organic selenium conversion rate and the protein content in Table 2 are all calculated based on the fresh weight of Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0095] Table 3 discusses different selenium-enriched cultivation substrate conditions and the same cottonseed hull seed culture medium conditions (the cottonseed hull seed culture medium of Example 1), which involve different sawdust addition amounts, different bran addition amounts, different hydroxyapatite addition amounts, different organic selenium addition amounts, different potassium chloride addition amounts and different cottonseed hull addition amounts, to explore the effects of these factors on Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0096] Table 3 Selenium-enriched cultivation substrates of the embodiments and control experiments
[0097]
[0098]
[0099] Note: “ / ” in Table 3 means the item is not added.
[0100] Table 4 shows the quality test results of the cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus under the same cottonseed hull seed culture medium conditions and different selenium-enriched culture medium conditions. These include the mycelium state, the organic selenium content in Pleurotus ostreatus, the organic selenium conversion rate and the protein content. The results show that the quality of the Pleurotus ostreatus in each embodiment is significantly better than that of each control experiment. Among them, no organic selenium was added in control experiment 2, control experiment 4, control experiment 5 and control experiment 7, so the organic selenium content in Pleurotus ostreatus was extremely low, and the organic selenium conversion rate was not calculated.
[0101] Table 4 Pleurotus ostreatus quality test results 2
[0102]
[0103] Note: The organic selenium content, the mass of Pleurotus ostreatus produced in one bag, the organic selenium conversion rate and the protein content in Table 4 are all calculated based on the fresh weight of Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0104] Embodiment 14
[0105] A method for cultivating selenium-enriched oyster mushrooms comprises the following steps:
[0106] 1. Oyster mushroom varieties: Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0107] 2. Activation and propagation of bacterial strains
[0108] Place the Pleurotus ostreatus strains in cottonseed hull seed culture medium and culture them in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C for 7 days. After the mycelium has covered the entire slope, propagate the strains.
[0109] The cottonseed hull seed culture medium formula, in terms of mass percentage, is as follows: 20% sawdust, 10% bran, 0.2% hydroxyapatite, cottonseed hulls are supplemented to 100%, and water is added until the water content of the cottonseed hull seed culture medium is 60g / 100g. When preparing the cottonseed hull seed culture medium, the cottonseed hulls are pre-wetted with water in advance. After sterilization, they are naturally cooled to room temperature and set aside.
[0110] 3. Preparation of selenium-rich cultivation substrate
[0111] Cottonseed hulls are used as the main material, and wood chips, bran and other materials are added. Specifically, the formula of the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix is as follows in terms of mass percentage: 20% wood chips, 10% bran, 10% organic selenium, 0.2% potassium chloride, 0.2% hydroxyapatite, cottonseed hulls are supplemented to 100%, and water is added to the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix to a moisture content of 60g / 100g. When preparing the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix, the cottonseed hulls are pre-moistened with water in advance. After sterilization, they are naturally cooled to room temperature and set aside.
[0112] 4. Selenium source
[0113] Organic selenium: selenium yeast is used, and its source is the same as that in Example 1.
[0114] 5. Cultivation management
[0115] 5.1. Bagging and inoculation
[0116] Put the prepared selenium-rich cultivation substrate into a polypropylene plastic bag, with 1kg of selenium-rich cultivation substrate in each bag, measured by wet weight. Specifically, each bag should be filled to 2 / 3 of the bag. The surface of the material should be flat, and holes should be punched in the middle for inoculation. After bagging, high-pressure steam sterilization or normal pressure sterilization is used. After thorough sterilization, when the bag temperature drops to 25°C (room temperature), the expanded oyster mushroom strains are inoculated in a sterile environment, and the inoculation amount is 100g per kilogram of selenium-rich cultivation substrate.
[0117] 5.2. Bacteria management
[0118] After inoculation, the bags are moved to the inoculation room. The temperature in the inoculation room is controlled at 22°C, the relative humidity is maintained at 60%, and ventilation is performed twice a day for 30 minutes each time to avoid carbon dioxide accumulation. During the inoculation period, the bags are checked regularly and contaminated bags are removed in time to ensure the healthy growth of mycelium. After 20 days, the mycelium can fill the bag.
[0119] 5.3. Mushroom production management
[0120] (1) When the mycelium fills the bag, move the bag to the fruiting room and give it a certain temperature difference stimulation (8°C temperature difference between day and night) to promote the formation of fruiting body primordium. The temperature in the fruiting room is controlled at 15°C, and the relative humidity of the air is increased to 85%. The humidity is maintained by spraying, sprinkling water on the ground, etc.
[0121] After the fruiting body primordium is formed, a one-time exogenous stimulation is carried out to further promote the absorption of selenium. The exogenous stimulation refers to spraying a sterile potassium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 0.02%, and spraying 50 mL of sterile potassium chloride solution per kilogram of selenium-rich cultivation substrate.
[0122] (2) In terms of light management, during the fruiting period, 8 hours of blue light exposure per day with an intensity of 200 lx is provided to increase the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus and the content of organic selenium. At the same time, ventilation should be strengthened to ensure fresh air in the fruiting room and reduce the production of deformed mushrooms.
[0123] It should be noted that, in the following examples and control experiments, except for the differences in the conditions in the table, the other operations are the same as those in Example 1 to avoid the influence of other operating methods on the experimental results. Table 5 discusses the influence of different sterile potassium chloride solutions on the quality of shiitake mushrooms.
[0124] Table 5 Comparison of exogenous stimulation methods in the examples and control experiments
[0125]
[0126] Note: The sterile potassium chloride solution in Table 6 refers to the potassium chloride solution that has been sterilized and cooled to room temperature.
[0127] Table 6 shows the quality test results of Pleurotus ostreatus under the same cottonseed hull seed culture medium conditions (the cottonseed hull seed culture medium of Example 14), the same selenium-rich culture medium conditions (the selenium-rich culture medium conditions of Example 14), and different exogenous stimulation methods. These include the mycelium state, the organic selenium content in Pleurotus ostreatus, the organic selenium conversion rate, and the protein content. The results show that the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus in each example is significantly better than that of each control experiment.
[0128] Table 6 Pleurotus ostreatus quality test results 3 (based on fresh weight of Pleurotus ostreatus)
[0129]
[0130] Note: The organic selenium content, the mass of Pleurotus ostreatus produced in one bag, the organic selenium conversion rate and the protein content in Table 6 are all calculated based on the fresh weight of Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0131] Experiments with different selenium sources were conducted using the method of Example 1. The experimental design is shown in Table 7, and the experimental results are shown in Table 8. In Table 7, selenoprotein was purchased from Peptidase Biotechnology (Xi'an) Co., Ltd., 2000 ppm, item number TZ-2024020501. Selenomethionine was purchased from Jiangsu Jiujia Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 2000 ppm.
[0132] Table 7 Different selenium source conditions
[0133]
[0134] Table 8 shows the quality test results of the cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus under the same cottonseed hull seed culture medium conditions and different selenium source conditions. These include the mycelium state, the organic selenium content in Pleurotus ostreatus, the organic selenium conversion rate and the protein content. The results show that the quality of the Pleurotus ostreatus in each embodiment is significantly better than that of each control experiment.
[0135] Table 8 Pleurotus ostreatus quality test results 4
[0136]
[0137] Note: The organic selenium content, the mass of Pleurotus ostreatus produced in one bag, the organic selenium conversion rate and the protein content in Table 8 are all calculated based on the fresh weight of Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0138] The present invention also carried out cultivation and quality testing of different batches of Pleurotus ostreatus (referring to experiments of different new mushroom bag batches and different crops of the same mushroom bag) using the method of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 9, which show good stability and small differences in the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus between different batches.
[0139] Table 9 Pleurotus ostreatus quality test results
[0140]
[0141]
[0142] Note: The organic selenium content, the mass of Pleurotus ostreatus produced in one bag, the organic selenium conversion rate and the protein content in Table 9 are all calculated based on the fresh weight of Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0143] Summary: In the field of cultivation and quality research of Oyster mushroom, multiple factors such as mycelium state, organic selenium content in Oyster mushroom, organic selenium conversion rate and protein content are of vital and multi-dimensional significance to the improvement of Oyster mushroom quality.
[0144] 1. Mycelium status
[0145] Healthy and strong mycelium is the foundation for the good growth and high quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. Vigorous, white, dense and evenly distributed mycelium indicates that the Pleurotus ostreatus strain is vigorous and has the ability to efficiently absorb and utilize nutrients from the culture medium. A good mycelium state enables Pleurotus ostreatus to better resist the invasion of pests and diseases during growth, reducing the risk of quality decline caused by diseases. For example, under suitable environmental conditions, robust mycelium can spread quickly in the culture medium to form a tight network structure, providing sufficient material and energy support for the growth of fruiting bodies, thereby ensuring that the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus are complete in shape, uniform in size, and compact in texture, directly improving the appearance quality and taste quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. Therefore, a cultivation method that can make the mycelium grow well is the foundation for improving the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. The above experimental results show that the method of the present invention can ensure a good growth state of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium.
[0146] 2. Organic selenium content
[0147] Among the selenium contained in Pleurotus ostreatus, organic selenium has higher bioavailability and safety than inorganic selenium. Organic selenium is more easily absorbed and utilized by the human body, and can better exert the physiological functions of selenium in the human body. Pleurotus ostreatus with a high organic selenium content means that consumers can more effectively obtain the benefits of selenium after eating. Moreover, the toxicity of organic selenium is relatively low, which reduces the potential risks that may be caused by excessive intake of selenium, and also means higher safety. For example, the metabolic process of organic selenium forms such as selenomethionine and selenoprotein in the human body is milder and easier to control, making Pleurotus ostreatus as a selenium-rich food of better quality, which not only ensures the nutritional supply, but also ensures food safety. The above experimental results show that the method of the present invention can ensure a high organic selenium content in Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0148] 3. Organic selenium conversion rate
[0149] The organic selenium conversion rate reflects the ability of Pleurotus ostreatus to convert inorganic selenium into organic selenium. A higher conversion rate means that Pleurotus ostreatus can more efficiently convert inorganic selenium in the culture medium into organic selenium forms that are beneficial to the human body during the growth process, and the utilization rate of selenium in the culture medium is the highest. This not only improves the utilization efficiency of selenium resources, but also indirectly improves the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. Because Pleurotus ostreatus with a high conversion rate often has a higher organic selenium content, it has more advantages in nutritional value and market value. At the same time, the high conversion rate also shows that the metabolic mechanism of Pleurotus ostreatus is more perfect for the conversion process of selenium, which indirectly reflects the health of Pleurotus ostreatus growth and physiological activity. The above experimental results show that the method of the present invention can ensure a high organic selenium conversion rate in Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0150] 4. Protein content
[0151] Protein is one of the important nutrients of Pleurotus ostreatus, and high protein content is an important indicator of the high quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. Protein provides essential amino acids for the human body and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological functions of the human body and promoting growth and development. The rich protein in Pleurotus ostreatus makes it have higher nutritional value and tastes more delicious. From the perspective of food processing, Pleurotus ostreatus with high protein content can better maintain its shape and texture during processing, broadening its application range in the food industry. Whether it is eaten fresh, made into dried products or used for deep processing, high protein content can improve the quality performance of Pleurotus ostreatus and meet the needs of different consumers and food processing companies. Therefore, it is necessary to pursue high protein content. The method of the present invention can ensure a high organic selenium conversion rate in Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0152] In summary, the present invention focuses on exploring the effects of different factors on the mycelial state of Pleurotus ostreatus, the organic selenium content in Pleurotus ostreatus, the organic selenium conversion rate and the protein content, and jointly considers multiple aspects such as growth basis, nutritional value, biological effectiveness and resource utilization efficiency, and effectively combines multiple factors to comprehensively improve the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0153] It should be noted that when the present invention involves a numerical range, it should be understood that the two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected. Since the steps and methods used are the same as those in the embodiments, in order to avoid redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, once those skilled in the art know the basic inventive concept, they can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments, and these changes and modifications all fall within the scope of the present invention.
[0154] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. If these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the equivalent technology of the present invention, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A method for cultivating selenium-enriched oyster mushrooms, characterized in that: include: The oyster mushroom strains are inoculated into the sterilized cottonseed hull seed culture medium for activating and propagating the strains; The cottonseed hull content in the cottonseed hull seed culture medium is not less than 54.5%; A selenium-enriched cultivation matrix is prepared, wherein the formula of the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix is as follows in terms of mass percentage: 20% to 30% sawdust, 10% to 15% bran, 5% to 15% organic selenium, 0.2% to 0.5% potassium chloride, 0.2% to 0.5% hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed hulls make up to 100%; before sterilization, water is added to the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix to a water content of 60g / 100g to 65g / 100g; The selenium-rich cultivation substrate is bagged, sterilized, and inoculated with oyster mushroom strains; Bacteria management; Mushroom production management.
2. The selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic selenium is selenium yeast, selenoprotein or selenium-containing amino acid.
3. The selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The concentration of the organic selenium raw material is 2000 ppm.
4. The selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cottonseed hull seed culture medium formula is as follows, in terms of mass percentage: 20% to 30% of sawdust, 10% to 15% of bran, 0.2% to 0.5% of hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed hulls make up to 100%; before sterilization, water is added to the cottonseed hull seed culture medium to a water content of 60g / 100g to 65g / 100g.
5. The selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cottonseed hull seed culture medium formula, in terms of mass percentage, is as follows: 20% sawdust, 10% bran, 0.3% hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed hulls make up to 100%; before sterilization, water is added to the cottonseed hull seed culture medium to a water content of 60g / 100g; The formula of the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix is as follows in percentage by mass: 20% sawdust, 10% bran, 15% organic selenium, 0.2% potassium chloride, 0.2% hydroxyapatite, and cottonseed hulls make up to 100%; before sterilization, water is added to the selenium-enriched cultivation matrix to a moisture content of 60g / 100g.
6. The selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During mushroom management, exogenous stimulation is applied after the fruiting body primordium is formed to promote selenium absorption; The exogenous stimulation refers to spraying a sterile potassium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 0.02% to 0.05%.
7. The selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Spray 50mL to 100mL of sterile potassium chloride solution per kilogram of selenium-rich cultivation medium.
8. The selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variety of the oyster mushroom is Pleurotus ostreatus or Pleurotus florida.
9. The selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Measured by wet weight, each bag contains 1.5kg to 2kg of selenium-rich cultivation substrate.
10. The selenium-enriched Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inoculation amount of Pleurotus ostreatus strain is 100g to 150g per kilogram of selenium-rich cultivation substrate.