Preparation method and application of high-toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a high-toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly depositing a very thin metal ceramic layer on the surface of an aluminum foil, then crushing and wrapping the metal ceramic aluminum foil, then immersing the metal ceramic aluminum foil into a target aluminum alloy melt until the metal ceramic aluminum foil is completely molten, and then carrying out casting and plastic forming treatment to finally obtain the high-toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material. In the preparation process, the metal ceramic particles play a role in heterogeneous nucleation during casting, and the as-cast structure can be refined; in the plastic forming process, the metal ceramic particles can pin the grain boundary, and recrystallization grain coarsening is inhibited; and meanwhile, metal ceramic is prone to dislocation on the interface of the aluminum matrix composite material, then the interface damping performance can be improved, and the aluminum matrix composite material with high obdurability and high damping performance is prepared through the combined action of multiple mechanisms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and in particular relates to a preparation method and application of a high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material. Background Art

[0002] Traditional 7xxx series alloys, 6xxx series alloys, 2xxx series alloys and other alloys have high strength and plasticity and have been widely used in defense industry, rail transportation, new energy vehicles and other industries. However, low damping performance (internal friction value < 0.01) limits its wide application in these industries.

[0003] The existing solutions to the low damping problem of the above alloys are mainly alloying design and adding a second phase. Among them, alloying design is a common method to improve the damping of alloys, which has a certain improvement on the damping performance of alloys, but the improvement effect is poor; adding a second phase is to add a second phase to the alloy and utilize the phase interface damping to improve the damping performance of the alloy. However, if the second phase particles are too large, the strength and damping performance of the alloy will be sharply reduced. If the second phase particles are too small, the specific surface energy is large, and it is easy to agglomerate, resulting in a sharp decrease in strength.

[0004] Therefore, how to develop a metal-based composite material that has both strength, toughness and damping properties has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a preparation method and application of a high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps: depositing metal ceramics on the surface of an aluminum foil to form a metal ceramic layer to obtain a metal ceramic aluminum foil; crushing and wrapping the metal ceramic aluminum foil, and then immersing it in an aluminum alloy melt to obtain a ceramic phase-aluminum alloy melt after melting; casting and plastic forming the ceramic phase-aluminum alloy melt to obtain the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material;

[0008] The metal ceramic is a transition metal nitride ceramic.

[0009] The technical principle of the present invention is as follows: a very thin metal ceramic layer is first deposited on the surface of the aluminum foil, and then the metal ceramic aluminum foil is crushed and wrapped, and then immersed in the target aluminum alloy melt until it is completely melted, and then cast. During the casting process, since the melting point of the metal ceramic is higher than the melting point of the aluminum alloy, the fine metal ceramic particles play a heterogeneous nucleation role when the aluminum alloy solidifies, and thus a casting material with a fine cast structure can be obtained; finally, the casting material is subjected to plastic forming treatment, and finally a high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping aluminum-based composite material is obtained. During the preparation process, the metal ceramic particles play a heterogeneous nucleation role during casting, which can refine the cast structure; during the plastic forming treatment, the metal ceramic particles can pin the grain boundaries and inhibit the coarsening of recrystallized grains; at the same time, the metal ceramic is prone to dislocation at its interface, which can improve the interface damping performance. Multiple mechanisms work together to obtain an aluminum-based composite material with high strength, toughness, and high damping performance.

[0010] Preferably, the transition metal nitride ceramic is selected from one or more of AlCrN, AlTiN, CrN, TiN, TiSiN, AlCrSiN, AlTiSiN, CrSiN, and AlCrTiSiN.

[0011] Preferably, the process conditions for depositing the metal ceramic include: deposition temperature 450-600° C., deposition time 0.5-10 h, nitrogen flow rate 100-800 sccm, target current 60-200 A, substrate bias -200 V to -10 V.

[0012] Preferably, the thickness of the metal ceramic layer is 0.1-10 μm.

[0013] Preferably, the aluminum alloy in the aluminum alloy melt is selected from one or more of 7xxx series Al-Zn-Mg series alloys, 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si series alloys, and 2xxx series Al-Cu series alloys.

[0014] Preferably, a homogenization step is further included after the casting; the homogenization temperature is 400-500° C., and the insulation time is 30-480 min.

[0015] Preferably, the plastic forming process is rolling.

[0016] Preferably, the rolling process conditions include: the initial rolling reduction is 5-10%, the intermediate rolling reduction is 40-50%, the final rolling reduction is 10-20%, and the total reduction is 55-80%; the initial rolling temperature is 350-420°C, the intermediate rolling temperature is 300-400°C, and the final rolling temperature is 200-300°C.

[0017] The present invention provides a high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution. The high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material comprises an aluminum alloy matrix and a metal ceramic phase.

[0018] The present invention also provides the application of the high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material described in the above technical solution in aerospace, national defense and military industry, and rail transportation.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0020] The present invention designs and prepares an aluminum-based composite material with fine grains and uniform ceramic distribution based on the multiple functions of metal-ceramic heterogeneous nucleation, pinning dislocations and pinning grain boundaries and interface damping. The material has high strength and toughness and high damping performance, and solves the low damping problem of existing alloys. The high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material provided has broad application prospects in aerospace, national defense and military industry, rail transportation and other industries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart of Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a SEM image of the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material prepared in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps: depositing metal ceramic on the surface of an aluminum foil to form a metal ceramic layer to obtain a metal ceramic aluminum foil; crushing and wrapping the metal ceramic aluminum foil, and then immersing it in an aluminum alloy melt to obtain a ceramic phase-aluminum alloy melt after melting; casting and plastic forming the ceramic phase-aluminum alloy melt to obtain the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material;

[0027] The metal ceramic is a transition metal nitride ceramic.

[0028] The invention is based on the multiple functions of metal-ceramic heterogeneous nucleation, pinning dislocations, pinning grain boundaries and interface damping. A very thin metal-ceramic layer is first deposited on the surface of an aluminum foil, and then the metal-ceramic aluminum foil is crushed and wrapped, and then immersed in a target aluminum alloy melt until it is completely melted, and then cast and formed, thereby preparing an aluminum-based composite material with fine grains and uniform ceramic distribution, and the material has high strength and toughness and high damping performance.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the aluminum foil is 0.02-0.05 mm.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, before depositing the metal ceramic on the surface of the aluminum foil, the aluminum foil is cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning with ethanol. The present invention removes grease on the surface of the aluminum foil through the cleaning process, thereby improving the bonding strength between the metal ceramic and the aluminum foil.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the metal ceramic is a transition metal nitride ceramic; the transition metal nitride ceramic is selected from one or more of AlCrN, AlTiN, CrN, TiN, TiSiN, AlCrSiN, AlTiSiN, CrSiN, and AlCrTiSiN. The above transition metal ceramic has the advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high chemical stability and excellent mechanical properties.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the deposition method is physical vapor deposition; the physical vapor deposition includes arc ion plating or magnetron sputtering.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the process conditions for depositing the metal ceramic include: deposition temperature 450-600°C, deposition time 0.5-10h, nitrogen flow rate 100-800sccm, target current 60-200A, substrate bias -200V--10V; the target includes AlCr target, AlTi target, Cr target, Ti target, TiSi target, AlCrSi target, AlTiSi target, CrSi target or AlCrTiSi target. Using the above process conditions to deposit the metal ceramic is conducive to obtaining a nano-scale transition metal nitride ceramic phase.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the metal ceramic layer is 0.1-10 μm, preferably 0.5-3 μm. The present invention controls the thickness of the metal ceramic layer within the above range, which has the advantage of fine and uniform distribution of ceramic particles. Too thick a metal ceramic layer will lead to coarse ceramic particles, and too thin a metal ceramic layer will lead to agglomeration of ceramic particles.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the mass of the metal ceramic aluminum foil is 5-15% of the mass of the aluminum alloy melt. The present invention controls the amount of the metal ceramic aluminum foil within the above range, which is conducive to obtaining a composite material with both toughness and excellent damping performance. If the mass proportion of the metal ceramic aluminum foil is too large, the content of the metal ceramic phase in the composite material will increase, which is not conducive to improving the toughness of the alloy; if the mass proportion of the metal ceramic aluminum foil is too small, the content of the metal ceramic phase in the composite material will be reduced, and the functions of heterogeneous nucleation, pinning dislocations, pinning grain boundaries and interface damping of metal ceramic particles cannot be fully exerted, thereby affecting the toughness and damping performance of the composite material.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the crushing is to crush to less than 5 mm.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the wrapping material is aluminum foil. The present invention has no particular limitation on the size of the wrapping material, as long as it can wrap all the crushed metal ceramic aluminum foil. The present invention crushes and wraps the metal ceramic aluminum foil, and then immerses it in an aluminum alloy melt, so that the metal ceramic can be evenly distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the aluminum alloy in the aluminum alloy melt is selected from one or more of the 7xxx series Al-Zn-Mg series alloys, the 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si series alloys, and the 2xxx series Al-Cu series alloys, and is preferably a 7xxx series Al-Zn-Mg series alloy.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the aluminum alloy melt is: heating the aluminum alloy to 720-750° C., and waiting for the alloy to be completely melted to obtain the aluminum alloy melt.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the step of homogenization is further included after casting; the temperature of the homogenization is 400-500°C and the holding time is 30-480 minutes. The homogenization in the present invention can improve the crystal structure inside the alloy, eliminate casting stress and reduce segregation.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the plastic forming process is rolling.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the rolling process conditions include: the initial rolling reduction is 5-10%, the intermediate rolling reduction is 40-50%, the final rolling reduction is 10-20%, and the total reduction is 55-80%; the initial rolling temperature is 350-420°C, the intermediate rolling temperature is 300-400°C, and the final rolling temperature is 200-300°C.

[0043] The present invention provides a high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution. The high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material comprises an aluminum alloy matrix and a metal ceramic phase.

[0044] The present invention also provides the application of the high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material described in the above technical solution in aerospace, national defense and military industry, and rail transportation.

[0045] The room temperature in the embodiments of the present invention refers to "25±2°C".

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the examples of the present invention were purchased from commercial sources.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping aluminum-based composite material, the process flow is shown in Figure 1 :

[0049] (1) An aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.03 mm was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and dried, and then placed in a PVD furnace for arc ion plating. The process conditions and target material composition were adjusted to deposit an AlCrN layer with a thickness of about 3 μm on the surface of the aluminum foil to obtain a metal ceramic aluminum foil. The deposition process conditions were as follows: deposition temperature 450°C, deposition time 2 h, nitrogen flow rate 600 sccm, target current 160 A, substrate bias voltage -80 V, and the target material was an AlCr target.

[0050] (2) heating the 7075 aluminum alloy to 720° C. and waiting for the alloy to be completely melted to obtain a 7075 aluminum alloy melt; crushing the metal ceramic aluminum foil obtained in step (1) (the mass of the metal ceramic aluminum foil accounts for 5% of the mass of the 7075 aluminum alloy melt) to less than 5 mm and wrapping it with new aluminum foil, then immersing it in the above 7075 aluminum alloy melt, keeping it warm for 1 hour until the metal ceramic aluminum foil is completely melted, mechanically stirring it for 10 minutes, standing it for 20 minutes, then pouring it into a mold, cooling it with the mold, and obtaining a cast billet; after homogenizing the cast billet at 460° C. for 5 hours, processing it into a billet of 18*40*130 mm.

[0051] (3) The billet obtained in step (2) is heated to 410° C., kept warm for 1 hour, and subjected to hot multi-pass rolling to obtain a high-strength, toughness, and high-damping aluminum-based composite material; wherein the rolling process conditions are: an initial rolling reduction of 8%, an intermediate rolling reduction of 40%, a final rolling reduction of 15%, and a total rolling reduction of 63%; the initial rolling temperature is 410° C., the intermediate rolling temperature is 380° C., and the final rolling temperature is 280° C.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a SEM image of the high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping aluminum-based composite material obtained in Example 1. Figure 2 It can be seen that the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material prepared in Example 1 contains a metal ceramic phase (the white part in the figure), and the metal ceramic phase is uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping aluminum-based composite material, the process flow is shown in Figure 1 :

[0055] (1) An aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.03 mm was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and dried, and then placed in a PVD furnace for arc ion plating. The process conditions and target material composition were adjusted to deposit an AlCrN layer with a thickness of about 3 μm on the surface of the aluminum foil to obtain a metal ceramic aluminum foil. The deposition process conditions were as follows: deposition temperature 450°C, deposition time 2 h, nitrogen flow rate 600 sccm, target current 160 A, substrate bias voltage -80 V, and the target material was an AlCr target.

[0056] (2) heating the 7075 aluminum alloy to 720° C. and waiting for the alloy to be completely melted to obtain a 7075 aluminum alloy melt; crushing the metal ceramic aluminum foil obtained in step (1) (the mass of the metal ceramic aluminum foil accounts for 10% of the mass of the 7075 aluminum alloy melt) to less than 5 mm and wrapping it with new aluminum foil, then immersing it in the above 7075 aluminum alloy melt, keeping it warm for 1 hour until the metal ceramic aluminum foil is completely melted, mechanically stirring it for 10 minutes, standing it for 20 minutes, then pouring it into a mold, cooling it with the mold, and obtaining a cast billet; after homogenizing the cast billet at 460° C. for 5 hours, processing it into a billet of 18*40*130 mm.

[0057] (3) The billet obtained in step (2) is heated to 410° C., kept warm for 1 hour, and subjected to hot multi-pass rolling to obtain a high-strength, toughness, and high-damping aluminum-based composite material; wherein the rolling process conditions are: an initial rolling reduction of 8%, an intermediate rolling reduction of 40%, a final rolling reduction of 15%, and a total rolling reduction of 63%; the initial rolling temperature is 410° C., the intermediate rolling temperature is 380° C., and the final rolling temperature is 280° C.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping aluminum-based composite material, the process flow is shown in Figure 1 :

[0060] (1) An aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.03 mm was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and dried, and then placed in a PVD furnace for arc ion plating. The process conditions and target material composition were adjusted to deposit an AlCrN layer with a thickness of 3 μm on the surface of the aluminum foil to obtain a metal ceramic aluminum foil. The deposition process conditions were as follows: deposition temperature 450°C, deposition time 2 h, nitrogen flow rate 600 sccm, target current 160 A, substrate bias voltage -80 V, and the target material was an AlCr target.

[0061] (2) heating the 7075 aluminum alloy to 720° C. and waiting for the alloy to be completely melted to obtain a 7075 aluminum alloy melt; crushing the metal ceramic aluminum foil obtained in step (1) (the mass of the metal ceramic aluminum foil accounts for 15% of the mass of the 7075 aluminum alloy melt) to less than 5 mm and wrapping it with new aluminum foil, then immersing it in the above 7075 aluminum alloy melt, keeping it warm for 1 hour until the metal ceramic aluminum foil is completely melted, mechanically stirring it for 10 minutes, standing it for 20 minutes, then pouring it into a mold, cooling it with the mold, and obtaining a cast billet; after homogenizing the cast billet at 460° C. for 5 hours, processing it into a billet of 18*40*130 mm.

[0062] (3) The billet obtained in step (2) is heated to 410° C., kept warm for 1 hour, and subjected to hot multi-pass rolling to obtain a high-strength, toughness, and high-damping aluminum-based composite material; wherein the rolling process conditions are: an initial rolling reduction of 8%, an intermediate rolling reduction of 40%, a final rolling reduction of 15%, and a total rolling reduction of 63%; the initial rolling temperature is 410° C., the intermediate rolling temperature is 380° C., and the final rolling temperature is 280° C.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping aluminum-based composite material, the process flow is shown in Figure 1 :

[0065] (1) An aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.03 mm was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and dried, and then placed in a PVD furnace for arc ion plating. The process conditions and target material composition were adjusted to deposit an AlCrN layer with a thickness of about 1.5 μm on the surface of the aluminum foil to obtain a metal ceramic aluminum foil. The deposition process conditions were as follows: deposition temperature 450°C, deposition time 1 h, nitrogen flow rate 600 sccm, target current 160 A, substrate bias -50 V, and the target material was an AlCr target.

[0066] (2) heating the 7075 aluminum alloy to 720° C. and waiting for the alloy to be completely melted to obtain a 7075 aluminum alloy melt; crushing the metal ceramic aluminum foil obtained in step (1) (the mass of the metal ceramic aluminum foil accounts for 10% of the mass of the 7075 aluminum alloy melt) to less than 5 mm and wrapping it with new aluminum foil, then immersing it in the above 7075 aluminum alloy melt, keeping it warm for 1 hour until the metal ceramic aluminum foil is completely melted, mechanically stirring it for 10 minutes, standing it for 20 minutes, then pouring it into a mold, cooling it with the mold, and obtaining a cast billet; after homogenizing the cast billet at 460° C. for 5 hours, processing it into a billet of 18*40*130 mm.

[0067] (3) The billet obtained in step (2) is heated to 410° C., kept warm for 1 hour, and subjected to hot multi-pass rolling to obtain a high-strength, toughness, and high-damping aluminum-based composite material; wherein the rolling process conditions are: an initial rolling reduction of 8%, an intermediate rolling reduction of 40%, a final rolling reduction of 15%, and a total rolling reduction of 63%; the initial rolling temperature is 410° C., the intermediate rolling temperature is 380° C., and the final rolling temperature is 280° C.

[0068] Example 5

[0069] A method for preparing a high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping aluminum-based composite material, the process flow is shown in Figure 1 :

[0070] (1) An aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.03 mm was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and dried, and then placed in a PVD furnace for arc ion plating. The process conditions and target material composition were adjusted to deposit an AlCrN layer with a thickness of about 6 μm on the surface of the aluminum foil to obtain a metal ceramic aluminum foil. The deposition process conditions were as follows: deposition temperature 450°C, deposition time 4 h, nitrogen flow rate 600 sccm, target current 160 A, substrate bias -120 V, and the target material was an AlCr target.

[0071] (2) heating the 7075 aluminum alloy to 720° C. and waiting for the alloy to be completely melted to obtain a 7075 aluminum alloy melt; crushing the metal ceramic aluminum foil obtained in step (1) (the mass of the metal ceramic aluminum foil accounts for 10% of the mass of the 7075 aluminum alloy melt) to less than 5 mm and wrapping it with new aluminum foil, then immersing it in the above 7075 aluminum alloy melt, keeping it warm for 1 hour until the metal ceramic aluminum foil is completely melted, mechanically stirring it for 10 minutes, standing it for 20 minutes, then pouring it into a mold, cooling it with the mold, and obtaining a cast billet; after homogenizing the cast billet at 460° C. for 5 hours, processing it into a billet of 18*40*130 mm.

[0072] (3) The billet obtained in step (2) is heated to 410° C., kept warm for 1 hour, and subjected to hot multi-pass rolling to obtain a high-strength, toughness, and high-damping aluminum-based composite material; wherein the rolling process conditions are: an initial rolling reduction of 8%, an intermediate rolling reduction of 40%, a final rolling reduction of 15%, and a total rolling reduction of 63%; the initial rolling temperature is 410° C., the intermediate rolling temperature is 380° C., and the final rolling temperature is 280° C.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] Commercially available 7075 aluminum alloy

[0075] Table 1 Mechanical properties and damping properties of aluminum alloy materials in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] As can be seen from Table 1, the 7075 aluminum-based composite material prepared by the present invention has a tensile strength of 529-563 MPa, an elongation of 3.3-7.8%, and an internal friction factor of 0.012-0.021. Materials with an internal friction factor higher than 0.01 become high-damping materials. The higher the internal friction factor, the better the damping performance. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the damping performance of the alloy prepared in the embodiment of the present invention is significantly improved. It can be seen that the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the present invention has both high strength and high damping performance.

[0079] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Depositing metal ceramic on the surface of aluminum foil to form a metal ceramic layer to obtain a metal ceramic aluminum foil; crushing and wrapping the metal ceramic aluminum foil, and then immersing it in an aluminum alloy melt to obtain a ceramic phase-aluminum alloy melt after melting; casting and plastic forming the ceramic phase-aluminum alloy melt to obtain the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material; The metal ceramic is a transition metal nitride ceramic.

2. The method for preparing the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transition metal nitride ceramic is selected from one or more of AlCrN, AlTiN, CrN, TiN, TiSiN, AlCrSiN, AlTiSiN, CrSiN, and AlCrTiSiN.

3. The method for preparing the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process conditions for depositing the metal ceramic include: a deposition temperature of 450 to 600° C., a deposition time of 0.5 to 10 hours, a nitrogen flow rate of 100 to 800 sccm, a target current of 60 to 200A, and a substrate bias of -200V to -10V.

4. The method for preparing the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the metal ceramic layer is 0.1-10 μm.

5. The method for preparing the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum alloy in the aluminum alloy melt is selected from one or more of 7xxx series Al-Zn-Mg series alloys, 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si series alloys, and 2xxx series Al-Cu series alloys.

6. The method for preparing the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises a homogenization step after casting; the homogenization temperature is 400-500° C., and the insulation time is 30-480 minutes.

7. The method for preparing the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plastic forming process is rolling.

8. The method for preparing the high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rolling process conditions include: the initial rolling reduction is 5-10%, the intermediate rolling reduction is 40-50%, the final rolling reduction is 10-20%, and the total reduction is 55-80%; the initial rolling temperature is 350-420°C, the intermediate rolling temperature is 300-400°C, and the final rolling temperature is 200-300°C.

9. A high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The high-strength, toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material comprises an aluminum alloy matrix and a metal ceramic phase.

10. Application of the high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping aluminum-based composite material according to claim 9 in aerospace, national defense and military industry, and rail transportation.

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