Foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, burying method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, an embedding method and a system, and relates to the technical field of deep foundation pit monitoring. The device comprises a guide head, a sealing plate, an inclinometer tube, a horizontal optical fiber, a rope, an end cover and an isolating ring, a cavity is formed in the conical structure of the guide head; the sealing plate is mounted on the guide head; the horizontal optical fiber is arranged in the cavity; the inclinometer pipe is mounted on the sealing plate; the end cover is installed at one end of the inclinometer tube, one end of the rope is installed on the sealing plate, the other end of the rope and the two ends of the horizontal optical fiber penetrate through the end cover, the isolating ring is installed on the side, close to the inclinometer tube, of the end cover, the isolating ring and the end cover are combined to form a protective cover, and the protective cover covers the inclinometer tube. The two ends of the inclinometer pipe are sealed by the protective cover formed by combining the isolating ring and the end cover and the sealing plate respectively, so that normal monitoring of the inclinometer pipe is guaranteed; and when the inclinometer pipe is broken, the foundation pit slope is monitored by adopting data acquired by the horizontal optical fiber, so that stable and continuous monitoring of the foundation pit slope is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of deep foundation pit monitoring, and in particular to a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, an burying method and a system. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of high-rise buildings, it is necessary to first excavate the foundation pit and build the foundation of the building. As the scale of underground foundation pit excavation increases, the stability and safety of the foundation pit slope becomes the key to engineering monitoring.

[0003] During the construction and operation of a building, it is necessary to monitor the deformation of the foundation pit, pay attention to the changes in its shape and spatial position under the action of external loads, and judge the stability of the building by analyzing the structural deformation. Therefore, the tilt deformation monitoring of the foundation pit slope is of great significance for preventing potential safety hazards, ensuring the structural integrity of the building and the smooth progress of construction.

[0004] When monitoring the foundation pit slope, total stations, levels, 3D laser scanning, inclinometers, etc. are usually used. However, the inclinometer tubes of traditional inclinometers are prone to rupture or blockage during monitoring, resulting in the inability to obtain underground horizontal displacement data, high cost of re-layout, and large errors. Summary of the invention

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the inclinometer tube is prone to rupture or blockage during monitoring, resulting in the inability to obtain horizontal displacement data.

[0006] To solve the above problems, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, comprising: a guide head, a sealing plate, an inclinometer tube, a rope, a horizontal optical fiber, an end cover and an isolation ring;

[0007] The guide head is a conical structure, and a cavity is provided in the conical structure;

[0008] The sealing plate is mounted on the guide head, the inclinometer tube is mounted on the sealing plate, and one end of the rope is mounted on the sealing plate;

[0009] The horizontal optical fiber is arranged in the cavity, and two ends of the horizontal optical fiber penetrate the sealing plate and extend out of the cavity;

[0010] The end cap is installed at one end of the inclinometer tube away from the sealing plate, and the other end of the rope and both ends of the horizontal optical fiber pass through the end cap;

[0011] The isolating ring is installed on a side of the end cover close to the inclinometer tube. The isolating ring and the end cover are combined to form a protective cover, and the protective cover is arranged on the inclinometer tube.

[0012] Optionally, the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device further comprises: a top rod, wherein the top rod is installed on a side of the end cover away from the inclinometer tube.

[0013] Optionally, the cable on the inclinometer tube passes through the end cover, and a seal is provided between the cable and the end cover.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for burying the above-mentioned foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, comprising:

[0015] Rotate and install the rope reel and the horizontal optical fiber reel on the pay-off frame;

[0016] Drill holes at selected layout points on the foundation pit slope to obtain monitoring holes;

[0017] Wash the monitoring holes;

[0018] With the assistance of a drill rod, the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is lowered into the monitoring hole;

[0019] When the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is lowered, the horizontal optical fiber reel and the rope reel are fixed on the pay-off frame;

[0020] To detect the fixed horizontal optical fiber;

[0021] After the horizontal optical fiber is detected to be normal, the monitoring hole is backfilled;

[0022] After backfilling is completed, the horizontal optical fiber and rope are wound and fixed on the support frame on the slope of the foundation pit.

[0023] Optionally, lowering the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device into the monitoring hole with the assistance of a drill rod comprises:

[0024] When the depth of the monitoring hole is between 0m and 200m and there is no shrinkage phenomenon in the monitoring hole, the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is directly lowered into the monitoring hole.

[0025] Optionally, lowering the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device into the monitoring hole with the assistance of a drill rod comprises:

[0026] When the depth of the monitoring hole is greater than 200m, or there is a shrinkage phenomenon in the monitoring hole, a push rod is installed on the end cover of the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, and a drill rod is used to push the push rod in to lower the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device into the monitoring hole.

[0027] Optionally, the detecting the fixed horizontal optical fiber includes:

[0028] The horizontal optical fiber is detected using a red light pen and a demodulator, wherein the red light pen detects whether the loop where the horizontal optical fiber is located is connected, and the demodulator detects the initial strain value of the horizontal optical fiber after being lowered to determine the stretching condition of the horizontal optical fiber.

[0029] Optionally, after the horizontal optical fiber is detected to be normal, backfilling the monitoring hole includes:

[0030] After the horizontal optical fiber is detected to be normal, the monitoring hole is backfilled with backfill material, wherein the backfill material includes quartz sand and granular clay balls.

[0031] Optionally, after the backfilling is completed, after the horizontal optical fiber and the rope are wound and fixed on a support frame on the foundation pit slope, the method for burying the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device further includes:

[0032] After the preset consolidation coupling time, a protection platform is cast on the monitoring hole;

[0033] The casting method of the protection platform comprises:

[0034] Excavating a cylindrical groove concentric with the monitoring hole on the foundation pit slope, wherein the size of the cylindrical groove is adjusted correspondingly according to the size of the monitoring hole;

[0035] Casting a pier in the cylindrical groove, wherein the diameter of the pier is the same as that of the cylindrical groove, and the height of the pier is a preset height;

[0036] A protective cover is fixedly installed on the pier, wherein the horizontal optical fiber and the rope pass through the pier and are fixed in the protective cover.

[0037] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring system, comprising a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, a GNSS device and a settlement optical fiber deployed using the above-mentioned burying method; the GNSS device and the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device are deployed at the same monitoring point, and the settlement optical fiber is buried in the foundation pit slope.

[0038] The present invention provides a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, burying method and system. Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] Both ends of the inclinometer tube are sealed by a protective cover composed of an isolation ring and an end cover and a sealing plate to prevent foreign objects from entering the inclinometer tube and ensure normal monitoring of the inclinometer tube. In addition, the inclinometer tube and the horizontal optical fiber are integrated in the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device. The measurement range of the horizontal optical fiber covers the monitoring range of the inclinometer tube, and the data monitored by the horizontal optical fiber is mutually verified with the data monitored by the inclinometer tube to improve the accuracy of the monitoring data. When the inclinometer tube is broken, the horizontal displacement data collected by the horizontal optical fiber can also be used to monitor the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit slope, thereby realizing stable and continuous monitoring of the foundation pit slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the installation of a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the layout of a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, burial method and system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Description of reference numerals:

[0045] 1. Foundation pit slope; 2. Deformation monitoring device; 21. Guide head; 22. Closing plate; 23. Fasteners; 24. Rope; 25. End cover; 26. Isolation ring; 27. Mandrel; 28. Cable; 3. Inclinometer tube; 4. Horizontal optical fiber; 5. Monitoring hole; 6. Support frame; 7. GNSS equipment; 8. Settlement optical fiber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] The embodiments of the present application provide a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, burial method and system, which solves the problem that the inclinometer tube is prone to rupture or blockage during monitoring, resulting in the inability to obtain horizontal displacement data, and realizes stable and continuous monitoring of the foundation pit slope.

[0048] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present application includes: a guide head 21, a sealing plate 22, an inclinometer tube 3, a rope 24, a horizontal optical fiber 4, an end cap 25 and an isolation ring 26;

[0050] The guide head 21 is a conical structure, and a cavity is provided in the conical structure;

[0051] The sealing plate 22 is installed on the guide head 21, the inclinometer tube 3 is installed on the sealing plate 22, and one end of the rope 24 is installed on the sealing plate 22;

[0052] The horizontal optical fiber 4 is arranged in the cavity, and two ends of the horizontal optical fiber 4 penetrate the sealing plate 22 and extend out of the cavity;

[0053] The end cap 25 is installed at one end of the inclinometer tube 3 away from the sealing plate 22, and the other end of the rope 24 and both ends of the horizontal optical fiber 4 pass through the end cap 25;

[0054] The isolation ring 26 is installed on a side of the end cover 25 close to the inclinometer tube 3. The isolation ring 26 is located between the side wall of the inclinometer tube 3 and the horizontal optical fiber 4, that is, the inner surface of the isolation ring 26 is in contact with the outer surface of the inclinometer tube 3. The isolation ring 26 and the end cover 25 are combined to form a protective cover, and the protective cover is arranged on the inclinometer tube 3.

[0055] Specifically, the horizontal optical fiber 4 can be an optical fiber formed by welding two sensing optical cables to form a U-shaped loop. The bending diameter of the bottom of the horizontal optical fiber 4 shall not be less than 5 cm. The weight of the guide head 21 can be 20 kg, which is convenient for subsequent smooth burial in the slope of the foundation pit under the action of gravity. The horizontal optical fiber 4 is fixed in the cavity of the guide head 21 by a fastener 23. The fastener 23 can be a cable tie, a wire tie or a cloth-based tape, etc., to prevent the horizontal optical fiber 4 from being excessively bent when passing through the sealing plate 22, and to ensure that the horizontal optical fiber 4 turns smoothly in the guide head 21. In addition, the rope 24 can be a steel wire rope. The rope 24 is installed on the side of the horizontal optical fiber 4 away from the inclinometer tube 3. On the one hand, it can provide certain protection for the horizontal optical fiber 4 when burying the deformation monitoring device. On the other hand, because the guide head 21 is heavy, the rope 24 can be mainly pulled when transferring and lowering the deformation monitoring device, so as to avoid the problem that the deformation monitoring device is lowered too fast, resulting in the problem of forced pulling of the horizontal optical fiber 4.

[0056] In this embodiment, the inclinometer tube 3 and the horizontal optical fiber 4 are integrated into the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, wherein the two ends of the inclinometer tube 3 are respectively sealed by a protective cover composed of an isolation ring 26 and an end cover 25 and a sealing plate 22, so as to prevent foreign objects from entering the inclinometer tube 3 and prevent the inclinometer tube 3 from being blocked, thereby ensuring normal monitoring of the inclinometer tube 3; in addition, a guide head 21 is installed below the inclinometer tube 3, and a horizontal optical fiber 4 is installed between the guide head 21, the sealing plate 22 and the end cover 25, and the horizontal optical fiber 4 is fixed in the guide head 21, so that the measurement range of the horizontal optical fiber 4 covers the monitoring range of the inclinometer tube 3, and the data monitored by the horizontal optical fiber 4 is mutually verified with the data monitored by the inclinometer tube 3, thereby improving the accuracy of the monitoring data. When the inclinometer tube 3 is broken, the horizontal displacement data collected by the horizontal optical fiber 4 can also be used to monitor the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit slope, thereby realizing stable and continuous monitoring of the foundation pit slope.

[0057] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device further includes: a mandrel 27 , and the mandrel 27 is installed on a side of the end cover 25 away from the inclinometer tube 3 .

[0058] Specifically, when the buried depth of the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is greater than 200m, or there is a shrinkage phenomenon in the buried monitoring hole 5, it is necessary to install a push rod 27 on the end cover 25 to facilitate the use of a drill rod to push the push rod 27 and lower the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device into the monitoring hole 5 to avoid damage to the end cover 25 during the rotation or advancement of the drill rod.

[0059] Alternatively, if Figure 1As shown, the cable 28 on the inclinometer tube 3 passes through the end cover 25, and a seal is provided between the cable 28 and the end cover 25 to ensure that the end cover 25 protects the end of the inclinometer tube 3. In addition, a sealing ring can be installed on the inner surface of the isolation ring 26 to ensure the sealing between the isolation ring 26 and the inclinometer tube 3, thereby improving the protection effect on the inclinometer tube 3.

[0060] In actual use, Figure 2 As shown, the above-mentioned foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device needs to be buried in the foundation pit slope 1. In an optional embodiment of the present application, a method for burying the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is provided, including:

[0061] S1: Rotate and install the reel of the rope 24 and the reel of the horizontal optical fiber 4 on the pay-off frame.

[0062] S2: drilling holes at selected layout points of the foundation pit slope 1 to obtain monitoring holes 5.

[0063] S3: Perform a washing process on the monitoring hole 5.

[0064] S4: With the assistance of a drill rod, the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is lowered into the monitoring hole 5.

[0065] S5: After the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is lowered, the reel of the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the reel of the rope 24 are fixed on the pay-off frame.

[0066] S6: Detect the fixed horizontal optical fiber 4.

[0067] S7: After the horizontal optical fiber 4 is detected to be normal, the monitoring hole 5 is backfilled.

[0068] S8: After the backfilling is completed, the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the rope 24 are wound and fixed on the support frame 6 on the foundation pit slope 1.

[0069] In this embodiment, the reels of the rope 24 and the horizontal optical fiber 4 are rotatably installed on the pay-off frame, which can ensure that the subsequent rope 24 and the horizontal optical fiber 4 can smoothly and synchronously enter the monitoring hole 5 with the guide head 21 without jamming; the monitoring hole 5 is washed to ensure that the deformation monitoring device can be smoothly lowered to the bottom of the monitoring hole 5. After the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is lowered, the horizontal optical fiber 4 is tightened and tested to ensure that the horizontal optical fiber 4 can work normally, and the monitoring hole 5 is backfilled, so that the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the inclinometer tube 3 are tightly combined with the surrounding soil and will not shake in the monitoring hole 5, ensuring that the data monitored by the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the inclinometer tube 3 are all from the deformation of the foundation pit slope itself, ensuring the accuracy and authenticity of the monitoring data; the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the rope 24 are wound and fixed on the support frame 6 on the foundation pit slope 1, ensuring that the horizontal optical fiber 4 is in a taut state, reducing the monitoring error introduced by the burial.

[0070] The specific contents of the above steps are as follows.

[0071] S1: Rotate and install the reel of the rope 24 and the reel of the horizontal optical fiber 4 on the pay-off frame.

[0072] Specifically, in order to simplify the pay-off process, the reels of the rope 24, the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the cable 28 are rotated and placed on the pay-off frame, and the reels are pulled or rotated when being lowered, so that the rope 24, the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the cable 28 are quickly paid out from the reels and lowered into the monitoring hole 5. The pay-off frame adopts a triangular support structure, and the overall structure is stable and can effectively resist overturning.

[0073] S2: drilling holes at selected layout points of the foundation pit slope 1 to obtain monitoring holes 5.

[0074] Specifically, the monitoring points (i.e. the selected deployment points) should be representative, typical, safe and stable. Areas that can represent the overall stability of the slope or specific potential risks should be selected to avoid extremely dangerous or difficult-to-reach areas. Deep horizontal displacement monitoring holes should be deployed in the center of the foundation pit slope, the retaining (pile) wall and representative locations. The number and spacing depend on the specific situation. The two sides of the foundation pit should be symmetrically deployed, and at least one monitoring hole should be set on each side.

[0075] S3: Perform a washing process on the monitoring hole 5.

[0076] Specifically, before the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is lowered, a hole cleaning and washing process is required, and clean water is injected into the monitoring hole 5 to dilute the viscous mud and wash the hole. After the mud is diluted, preparations are started to lower the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device.

[0077] S4: With the assistance of a drill rod, the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is lowered into the monitoring hole 5.

[0078] Specifically, according to the hole formation and depth of the monitoring hole 5, two processes are used for lowering. When the depth of the monitoring hole 5 is between 0m and 200m, and there is no shrinkage phenomenon in the monitoring hole 5, the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is directly lowered into the monitoring hole 5 under the counterweight of the guide head 21. When the depth of the monitoring hole 5 is greater than 200m, or there is a shrinkage phenomenon in the monitoring hole 5, a push rod 27 is installed on the end cover 25 in the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, and the push rod 27 is pushed in with a drill rod to lower the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device into the monitoring hole 5. Among them, the push rod 27 can be welded to the end cover 25, and the push rod 27 can be selected as a long steel bar with a length of 2m and a diameter of not less than 10mm, so that the drill rod can support the tail end of the guide head 21 and lower it.

[0079] S5: After the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is lowered, the reel of the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the reel of the rope 24 are fixed on the pay-off frame.

[0080] Specifically, the rope 24, the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the cable 28 enter the monitoring hole 5 along with the counterweight guide 21. When lowering, only the rope 24 can be stressed, and the horizontal optical fiber 4 cannot be stressed. Pull up one end of the horizontal optical fiber 4 on the ground to ensure that the horizontal optical fiber 4 is straightened, while preventing the horizontal optical fiber 4 from being subjected to excessive stress. After lowering to the bottom of the monitoring hole 5, immediately fix the rope 24, tighten the horizontal optical fiber 4, so that the lead part at the opening of the monitoring hole 5 is in a straight state, and fixed on the pay-off frame.

[0081] S6: Detect the fixed horizontal optical fiber 4.

[0082] Specifically, a red light pen and a demodulator are used to detect the horizontal optical fiber 4 , wherein the red light pen detects whether the loop where the horizontal optical fiber 4 is located is connected, and the demodulator detects the initial strain value of the horizontal optical fiber 4 after being lowered, so as to determine the stretching condition of the horizontal optical fiber 4 .

[0083] S7: After the horizontal optical fiber 4 is detected to be normal, the monitoring hole 5 is backfilled.

[0084] Specifically, after the horizontal optical fiber 4 is detected to be normal, the monitoring hole 5 is backfilled with backfill materials, which include quartz sand and granular clay balls. Among them, the backfill material is mainly quartz sand, and some auxiliary fillers are small granular clay balls.

[0085] S8: After the backfilling is completed, the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the rope 24 are wound and fixed on the support frame 6 on the foundation pit slope 1.

[0086] Specifically, after the monitoring hole 5 is backfilled, a support frame 6 is built at the hole mouth to fix the rope 24, horizontal optical fiber 4 and cable 28 at the hole mouth. The rope 24, horizontal optical fiber 4 and cable 28 wound on the pay-off frame are removed and wound and fixed on the support frame 6. The horizontal optical fiber 4 is tightened to prevent the horizontal optical fiber 4 from shrinking during the consolidation process of the sealing material, which affects the subsequent testing of the horizontal optical fiber 4.

[0087] S9: After the preset consolidation coupling time, a protection platform is cast on the monitoring hole 5.

[0088] Specifically, a cylindrical groove concentric with the monitoring hole 5 is excavated on the foundation pit slope 1, wherein the size of the cylindrical groove is adjusted accordingly according to the size of the monitoring hole 5; a pier is cast in the cylindrical groove, wherein the diameter of the pier is the same as that of the cylindrical groove, and the height of the pier is a preset height; a protective cover is fixedly installed on the pier, wherein the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the rope 24 pass through the pier and are fixed in the protective cover. For example: after the horizontal optical fiber 4 is coupled with the backfill material for 3 months, a protective platform is cast at the monitoring hole 5, a cylindrical groove concentric with the monitoring hole 5 is excavated, the excavation depth of the cylindrical groove is 300mm, and the diameter is 500mm, and a concrete pier with a height of 600mm and a diameter of 500mm is cast in the cylindrical groove, and the optical cable below the ground is cast in concrete and fixed. A cylindrical protective cover with a diameter of 400 mm and a height of 300 mm is fixed on the upper part of the concrete pier, and a redundant horizontal optical fiber 4 is coiled in the protective cover to prevent the horizontal optical fiber 4 from abnormal deformation due to compression and consolidation of the shallow backfill soil.

[0089] like Figure 3 As shown, in an embodiment of the present application, a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring system is provided, including a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device 2 deployed by the burying method as described above, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System Receiver) device 7 and a sinking optical fiber 8, the GNSS device 7 and the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device 2 are deployed at the same monitoring point, and the sinking optical fiber 8 is buried in the foundation pit slope 1.

[0090] Specifically, the GNSS equipment is installed at the monitoring point, and the antenna of the GNSS equipment should be set up above the center of the monitoring point mark. The antenna and the mark center are directly aligned, and the centering error should not be greater than 3mm. Evenly distribute the above monitoring equipment at the location that needs to be monitored, such as Figure 3 The settlement optical fiber 8 for monitoring the settlement of the rock formation only needs to be laid in one direction, and the horizontal optical fiber 4 for monitoring the horizontal movement of the rock formation needs to be laid in a U-shape outside the buried inclinometer tube 3 , and the GNSS equipment is laid above the inclinometer tube 3 .

[0091] The system also includes a monitoring data acquisition module, a deformation field construction module, a deformation field segmentation module, a deformation amount prediction module and a monitoring and early warning module.

[0092] The monitoring data acquisition module is used to obtain the monitoring data of the foundation pit slope, wherein the monitoring data includes the internal inclination deformation data of the slope uploaded by the inclinometer tube 3 in the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device and the internal horizontal displacement data of the slope uploaded by the horizontal optical fiber 4, the slope surface data uploaded by the GNSS device 7 and the internal settlement data of the slope uploaded by the settlement optical fiber 8.

[0093] The deformation field construction module is used to fuse the monitoring data according to the monitoring data and timestamp, and construct a three-dimensional deformation field model of the deep foundation pit slope, which can obtain the deformation of the foundation pit slope in an all-round way. For example, the monitoring data uploaded by different devices at different time points are aligned to a unified time axis by using the timestamp alignment method to ensure the time consistency of the data. The monitoring data uploaded by different devices are aligned to a unified coordinate system by using the coordinate conversion tool to ensure the spatial consistency of the data. The same data collection time point or collection cycle is set for multiple devices to ensure that multiple devices collect data at the same time point. When collecting data, the time point of data collection is recorded. When processing the data collected at the same time point, the data uploaded by multiple devices are converted to the same coordinate system by using the relative position relationship between each device or the position relationship between each device and the same reference point, so as to align the data in the time dimension and the space dimension. The constructed three-dimensional deformation field model is analyzed to monitor the deformation of the foundation pit slope.

[0094] A deformation field segmentation module is used to segment each of the three-dimensional deformation field models constructed at multiple time points into multiple deformation units to obtain time-series deformation information of each deformation unit, wherein the deformation unit is a three-dimensional model segmented according to a preset size, and the time-series deformation information includes the lateral deformation amount, longitudinal deformation amount and vertical deformation amount of the deformation unit at multiple time points.

[0095] Specifically, a three-dimensional deformation field model can be constructed using the data collected at each time point. In the early stage, data can be collected at multiple collection time points to obtain multiple three-dimensional deformation field models. Each three-dimensional deformation field model is segmented, and only the first three-dimensional deformation field model is segmented. Then, the segmentation point is fixed as a part of the three-dimensional deformation field model. The segmentation point moves with the deformation of the three-dimensional deformation field model. Therefore, a corresponding deformation unit can be obtained in the three-dimensional deformation field model obtained subsequently, and the deformation amount of each deformation unit can also be obtained. In order to perform multi-dimensional monitoring of the three-dimensional deformation field model, the deformation of the deformation unit in the horizontal, longitudinal and vertical directions can be focused on. For example, the relative deformation amount of a deformation unit at multiple time points in the horizontal direction is recorded to form the horizontal time series deformation information of the deformation unit. Similarly, the longitudinal time series deformation information and vertical time series deformation information of the deformation unit can also be obtained.

[0096] The deformation prediction module is used to input the time series deformation information of the deformation unit into the trained prediction network model to obtain the predicted deformation of each deformation unit, wherein the predicted deformation includes a lateral predicted deformation, a longitudinal predicted deformation and a vertical predicted deformation.

[0097] Specifically, the temporal deformation information of each deformation unit obtained in the early stage can be used to pre-train the ConvLSTM (convolutional long short-term memory network) model to obtain a prediction network model. The deformation prediction network model can also be established using the TensorFlow or PyTorch library. In addition, the actual deformation amount obtained subsequently can be compared with the predicted deformation amount to correct the prediction network model, so that the prediction network model becomes more and more accurate.

[0098] The monitoring and early warning module is used to obtain the risk situation of the deep foundation pit slope according to the predicted deformation amounts of the multiple deformation units.

[0099] Specifically, obtaining the risk situation of the deep foundation pit slope according to the predicted deformation amounts of the plurality of deformation units includes:

[0100] According to the predicted deformations of the plurality of deformation units, a predicted deformation mean of the three-dimensional deformation field model in each direction is obtained, wherein the predicted deformation mean includes a lateral predicted deformation mean, a longitudinal predicted deformation mean and a vertical predicted deformation mean.

[0101] Specifically, the lateral deformations of all deformation units are added together and then divided by the number of deformation units to obtain the mean lateral predicted deformation. Similarly, the mean longitudinal predicted deformation and the mean vertical predicted deformation can also be calculated.

[0102] The average values ​​of the predicted deformation amounts obtained at multiple consecutive time points in each direction are accumulated to obtain a predicted deformation cumulative value.

[0103] Specifically, the deformation is the change value of the current three-dimensional deformation field model relative to the three-dimensional deformation field model at the previous time point. Therefore, the predicted deformation accumulation value is the accumulation of the change values ​​of multiple consecutive time points. It can be accumulated from the first monitoring moment or from a certain moment in the middle, so as to obtain the global predicted deformation accumulation value or the predicted deformation accumulation value of a certain period in the middle, which can flexibly analyze the three-dimensional deformation field model. The predicted deformation accumulation value includes the lateral predicted deformation accumulation value, the longitudinal predicted deformation accumulation value and the vertical predicted deformation accumulation value.

[0104] When any one of the predicted deformation cumulative values ​​is greater than the corresponding cumulative warning value, it is determined whether the directions of the predicted deformation mean values ​​corresponding to the predicted deformation cumulative value at multiple time points are consistent.

[0105] When the directions of the predicted deformation mean values ​​at multiple time points are consistent, an excessive deformation warning is generated.

[0106] Specifically, the cumulative value of predicted deformation in each direction corresponds to a cumulative warning value. When a certain cumulative value of predicted deformation is greater than the corresponding cumulative warning value, it means that the deformation of the deep foundation pit slope in the direction corresponding to the cumulative value of predicted deformation is too large. It is necessary to further determine whether the direction of the predicted deformation mean corresponding to the cumulative value of predicted deformation is consistent at multiple time points. If the direction is consistent, it means that multiple time points continuously change in the same direction. In the future, there is a high probability that the deformation will continue to deform in this direction. In the case that the deformation has exceeded the standard, an early warning can be issued; if the direction is inconsistent, it means that there is a reverse deformation in the direction of deformation at multiple time points. If there are many such inconsistencies, it means that even if the current cumulative value of deformation exceeds the standard, it may deform in the opposite direction at the next time point, making the cumulative value smaller and not exceeding the standard. At this time, no early warning can be issued temporarily or a prompt can be issued without early warning. Direction consistency judgment can greatly improve the accuracy of early warning and reduce the probability of false alarms.

[0107] Optionally, obtaining the risk condition of the deep foundation pit slope according to the predicted deformation amounts of the plurality of deformation units includes:

[0108] According to the predicted deformation amounts of two adjacent deformation units in the selected analysis direction, a deformation amount difference between the two deformation units in the analysis direction is determined.

[0109] Specifically, the analysis direction is a direction selected from the horizontal, vertical and vertical directions. Among the two adjacent deformation units, the deformation unit close to the edge of the three-dimensional deformation field model is determined as the first deformation unit, and the other deformation unit is determined as the second deformation unit. The predicted deformation of the first deformation unit is subtracted from the predicted deformation of the second deformation unit to obtain the deformation difference. For example, the horizontal direction is selected as the analysis direction, and the deformation difference between the two adjacent deformation units in the horizontal direction is calculated based on the predicted deformation of the two adjacent deformation units in the horizontal direction. A positive deformation difference indicates that the two deformation units have a tendency to diverge from each other in the horizontal direction, and a negative deformation difference indicates that the two deformation units have a tendency to approach each other in the horizontal direction.

[0110] When the deformation difference is greater than the deformation difference threshold corresponding to the analysis direction, it is determined that there is a deformation risk between two adjacent deformation units in the analysis direction, and the contact surface between the two adjacent deformation units is marked as a deformation surface, and the selected analysis direction is marked as a deformation direction.

[0111] Specifically, when the deformation difference in the lateral direction is greater than the deformation difference threshold in the lateral direction, it is determined that there is a deformation risk in the lateral direction between the two deformation units, and the contact surface perpendicular to the lateral direction is marked as the deformation surface, and the lateral direction is recorded as the deformation direction.

[0112] Select any direction as the preset deformation direction, control the preset selection window to move in the current three-dimensional deformation field model, count the number of deformation surfaces in the preset selection window whose deformation direction is the same as the preset deformation direction, and obtain the number of deformation surfaces.

[0113] When the number of deformation surfaces is greater than a preset deformation surface threshold, it is predicted that cracks will be generated in the deep foundation pit slope, and the extension direction of the cracks is perpendicular to the preset deformation direction.

[0114] Specifically, if the horizontal direction is selected as the preset deformation direction, for example, the preset selection window is a thin rectangular parallelepiped with a width of 30 cm in the longitudinal and vertical directions and a width of 2 cm in the transverse direction. Select a position, move the preset selection window in the transverse direction, the moving step can be 2 cm, so that there is no intersection between the two selection positions, and the moving step can also be 1 cm, so that there can be a cross-selected three-dimensional deformation field model; when the preset selection window is moved in the transverse direction from one side of the three-dimensional deformation field model to the other opposite side at the selected position, move the preset selection window in the longitudinal or vertical direction with a moving step of 30 cm, 20 cm or 10 cm, etc., and then move it step by step in the transverse direction, and repeat the above steps until the preset selection window traverses the entire current three-dimensional deformation field model. After each selection is completed, the number of deformation surfaces with a horizontal deformation direction in the preset selection window is counted. If the number of deformation surfaces is 63 and the preset deformation surface threshold is 30, it means that in this preset selection window, 63 contact surfaces have a horizontal deviation, indicating that horizontal cracks may appear in this narrow preset range, and the extension direction of the cracks is roughly perpendicular to the preset deformation direction. For example, in the above distance analysis, the preset deformation direction is horizontal, and the horizontal deformation surface exceeding the preset deformation surface threshold is analyzed in the preset selection window, indicating that many positions in the preset selection window will have large horizontal deformations, so that cracks that are approximately perpendicular to the horizontal direction will appear in the deformation field model. Based on the knowledge that there is a risk of deformation, the risk type of the deep foundation pit slope is further analyzed. It should be noted that the cracks may be irregular in shape, and their extension direction will not be a straight line, but may be curved or undulating. Therefore, the cracks are approximately perpendicular to the preset deformation direction and can be regarded as being perpendicular to the preset deformation direction.

[0115] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, when the number of deformation surfaces is greater than a preset deformation surface threshold, it is predicted that cracks will appear in the deep foundation pit slope, and the extension direction of the cracks is perpendicular to the preset deformation direction. Then, when the preset deformation direction is horizontal or vertical, in the preset deformation direction, it is determined whether the predicted deformation mean of the crack on one side close to the center of the three-dimensional deformation field model is greater than the corresponding predicted deformation mean on the other side.

[0116] When it is greater than, it is predicted that the deep foundation pit slope will produce extrusion uplift deformation.

[0117] When it is less than, it is predicted that the deep foundation pit slope will undergo fracture deformation.

[0118] Specifically, when the preset deformation direction is horizontal or vertical, it means that when the crack extension direction is perpendicular to the horizontal or vertical extension, the crack will extend vertically, or the crack will extend relatively longitudinally or horizontally. However, since the deformation direction is horizontal or vertical, the cracks in the deep foundation pit slope may come from fracture or internal extrusion deformation. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the average value of the predicted deformation on both sides of the crack. If the preset deformation direction is horizontal, the average values ​​of the horizontal predicted deformation on both sides of the crack are compared; if the preset deformation direction is vertical, the average values ​​of the longitudinal predicted deformation on both sides of the crack are compared. When the predicted deformation value on one side close to the center of the three-dimensional deformation field model is greater than the corresponding predicted deformation value on the other side, it means that the deformation on the side close to the center is larger. However, due to the obstruction of the soil layer with smaller deformation on the periphery, the soil layer with larger deformation can only squeeze the peripheral soil layer in the future, and there is a high probability of extrusion uplift deformation. However, when the predicted deformation value on one side close to the center of the three-dimensional deformation field model is less than the corresponding predicted deformation value on the other side, it means that the deformation on the side close to the center is smaller, while the deformation on the side far from the center is larger. At this time, the side far from the center is the peripheral soil layer area. At this time, the deformation of the peripheral soil layer will not be blocked, and it will separate from the inner soil layer, resulting in fracture deformation. When the predicted deformation value on one side close to the center of the three-dimensional deformation field model is equal to the corresponding predicted deformation value on the other side, it means that the deformation in the three-dimensional deformation field model is uniform and no cracks will occur. After analyzing that cracks will occur in the slope of the deep foundation pit, the source of the cracks is further located, and a more accurate deformation type is determined, so as to facilitate targeted preventive measures in advance.

[0119] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, when the number of deformation surfaces is greater than a preset deformation surface threshold, it is predicted that cracks will occur in the deep foundation pit slope, and the extension direction of the cracks is perpendicular to the preset deformation direction. Then, when the preset deformation direction is vertical, in the preset deformation direction, it is judged whether the predicted deformation mean of the upper area of ​​the three-dimensional deformation field model is greater than the predicted deformation mean of the lower area of ​​the three-dimensional deformation field model, wherein at the height center of the three-dimensional deformation field model, the three-dimensional deformation field model is divided into an upper and lower part, the upper half being the upper area of ​​the three-dimensional deformation field model, and the lower half being the lower area of ​​the three-dimensional deformation field model.

[0120] When it is greater than, it is predicted that the deep foundation pit slope will have a sliding risk;

[0121] When it is less than, it is predicted that the deep foundation pit slope will have the risk of extrusion uplift.

[0122] Specifically, similar to the above deformation analysis, when the preset deformation direction is vertical, it means that the cracks will extend horizontally or vertically. When the average predicted deformation of the upper area is greater than the average predicted deformation of the lower area, cracks will occur between the upper soil layer and the lower soil layer. When the cracks are large, the upper soil layer will slide along the lower soil layer, especially in the deep foundation pit slope area. The slope itself has a certain slope. When this happens, the risk of sliding is greater. Therefore, it can be predicted in advance that the deep foundation pit slope will have a sliding risk. When the average predicted deformation of the upper area is less than the average predicted deformation of the lower area, the preset deformation direction is vertically upward, and the lower soil layer will squeeze the upper soil layer, forcing the upper soil layer to bulge; however, when the preset deformation direction is vertically downward, it means that both the lower soil layer and the upper soil layer have settled. At this time, the uniform settlement has little effect on the buildings on the foundation pit, but it also needs further attention to avoid a large settlement of the foundation pit.

[0123] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0124] 1. The inclinometer tube 3 and the horizontal optical fiber 4 are integrated into the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, wherein the two ends of the inclinometer tube 3 are respectively sealed by a protective cover composed of an isolation ring 26 and an end cover 25 and a sealing plate 22, so as to prevent foreign objects from entering the inclinometer tube 3 and prevent the inclinometer tube 3 from being blocked, thereby ensuring normal monitoring of the inclinometer tube 3.

[0125] 2. The measuring range of the horizontal optical fiber 4 covers the monitoring range of the inclinometer tube 3, and the data monitored by the horizontal optical fiber 4 and the data monitored by the inclinometer tube 3 are mutually verified, thereby improving the accuracy of the monitoring data. When the inclinometer tube 3 is broken, the horizontal displacement data collected by the horizontal optical fiber 4 can also be used to monitor the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit slope, thereby realizing stable and continuous monitoring of the foundation pit slope.

[0126] 3. Use a variety of equipment to collect data and obtain data on deep foundation pit slopes from multiple aspects. Not only can the surface deformation of the deep foundation pit slope be monitored, but also its internal deformation. The combination of internal and external monitoring data can ensure the accuracy of the three-dimensional deformation field model at the construction site and the accuracy of subsequent predictions. The three-dimensional deformation field model is segmented and refined, and the prediction network model is used to predict the deformation of each deformation unit, so that the changes of each deformation unit can be monitored, the initial stage of deformation of the deep foundation pit slope can be foreseen, and early warning can be issued in the initial stage when various risk situations have not yet appeared or have just appeared, thereby improving the timeliness of the early warning.

[0127] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0128] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, characterized in that: include: A guide head (21), a sealing plate (22), an inclinometer tube (3), a rope (24), a horizontal optical fiber (4), an end cover (25) and an isolation ring (26); The guide head (21) is a conical structure, and a cavity is provided in the conical structure; The sealing plate (22) is mounted on the guide head (21), the inclinometer tube (3) is mounted on the sealing plate (22), and one end of the rope (24) is mounted on the sealing plate (22); The horizontal optical fiber (4) is arranged in the cavity, and two ends of the horizontal optical fiber (4) penetrate the sealing plate (22) and extend out of the cavity; The end cap (25) is installed at one end of the inclinometer tube (3) away from the sealing plate (22), and the other end of the rope (24) and the two ends of the horizontal optical fiber (4) pass through the end cap (25); The isolating ring (26) is installed on a side of the end cover (25) close to the inclinometer tube (3); the isolating ring (26) and the end cover (25) are combined to form a protective cover, and the protective cover is arranged on the inclinometer tube (3).

2. The foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A push rod (27), wherein the push rod (27) is installed on a side of the end cover (25) away from the inclinometer tube (3).

3. The foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable (28) on the inclinometer tube (3) passes through the end cover (25), and a sealing member is provided between the cable (28) and the end cover (25).

4. A method for embedding a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: include: Rotating and installing the cable drum (24) and the cable drum (4) of the horizontal optical fiber on the pay-off frame; Drilling holes at selected layout points on the foundation pit slope (1) to obtain monitoring holes (5); Performing a hole washing process on the monitoring hole (5); With the assistance of a drill rod, the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is lowered into the monitoring hole (5); After the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is lowered, the reel of the horizontal optical fiber (4) and the reel of the rope (24) are fixed on the pay-off frame; Testing a fixed horizontal optical fiber (4); After the horizontal optical fiber (4) is detected to be normal, the monitoring hole (5) is backfilled; After backfilling is completed, the horizontal optical fiber (4) and the rope (24) are wound and fixed on the support frame (6) on the foundation pit slope (1).

5. The method for embedding the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of lowering the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device into the monitoring hole (5) with the assistance of a drill rod comprises: When the depth of the monitoring hole (5) is between 0m and 200m, and there is no shrinkage phenomenon in the monitoring hole (5), the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device is directly lowered into the monitoring hole (5).

6. The method for embedding a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of lowering the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device into the monitoring hole (5) with the assistance of a drill rod comprises: When the depth of the monitoring hole (5) is greater than 200 m, or there is a shrinkage phenomenon in the monitoring hole (5), a push rod (27) is installed on the end cover (25) in the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, and a drill rod is used to push the push rod (27) to lower the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device into the monitoring hole (5).

7. The method for embedding a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The detecting of the fixed horizontal optical fiber (4) comprises: The horizontal optical fiber (4) is detected using a red light pen and a demodulator, wherein the red light pen detects whether the loop where the horizontal optical fiber (4) is located is connected, and the demodulator detects the initial strain value of the horizontal optical fiber (4) after being lowered, so as to determine the stretching condition of the horizontal optical fiber (4).

8. The method for embedding a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the horizontal optical fiber (4) is detected to be normal, backfilling the monitoring hole (5) comprises: After the horizontal optical fiber (4) is detected to be normal, the monitoring hole (5) is backfilled with backfill material, wherein the backfill material includes quartz sand and granular clay balls.

9. The method for embedding a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the backfilling is completed, the horizontal optical fiber (4) and the rope (24) are wound and fixed on the support frame (6) on the foundation pit slope (1), and the method further includes: After a preset consolidation coupling time, a protection platform is cast on the monitoring hole (5); The casting method of the protection platform comprises: Excavating a cylindrical groove concentric with the monitoring hole (5) on the foundation pit slope (1), wherein the size of the cylindrical groove is adjusted accordingly according to the size of the monitoring hole (5); Casting a pier in the cylindrical groove, wherein the diameter of the pier is the same as that of the cylindrical groove, and the height of the pier is a preset height; A protective cover is fixedly installed on the pier, wherein the horizontal optical fiber (4) and the rope (24) pass through the pier and are fixed in the protective cover.

10. A foundation pit slope deformation monitoring system, characterized in that: It comprises a foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device, a GNSS device (7) and a sinking optical fiber (8) which are laid out by the embedding method according to any one of claims 4 to 9; the GNSS device (7) and the foundation pit slope deformation monitoring device (2) are laid out at the same monitoring point, and the sinking optical fiber (8) is buried in the foundation pit slope (1).

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