An earth excavation device and method for a narrow operation foundation pit

Abstract

The present invention discloses an earth excavation device and an earth excavation method for a narrow operation foundation pit, belonging to the technical field of excavation, including a hydraulic telescopic arm. The seat pipe of the hydraulic telescopic arm is rotatably arranged at the end of the forearm of an excavator. A basic earth excavation bucket is installed on a basic mounting seat, and the basic mounting seat is installed on the telescopic hydraulic arm, enabling the basic earth excavation bucket to carry out earth excavation work with a vertically downward running track, facilitating vertical earth excavation work on a narrow working surface. A detachable adjustable mounting seat is fixed on the basic mounting seat, and an adjustable earth excavation bucket is installed on the adjustable mounting seat. When excavating vertically downward, the cooperation of the adjustable earth excavation bucket and the basic earth excavation bucket can increase the earth excavation volume. When excavating in other directions, the adjustable mounting seat can be removed to improve the flexibility of the excavation work. The basic earth excavation bucket and the adjustable earth excavation bucket can be equipped with additional earth excavation buckets. When the soil is easy to excavate, the earth excavation volume can be increased by installing the additional earth excavation buckets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of excavation, and particularly to an earth - digging device and an earth - digging method for a narrow working foundation pit. Background Technique

[0002] A foundation pit is an earth pit excavated at the designed position of the foundation according to the base elevation and the foundation plane size. In the prior art, for foundation pit excavation, a muck truck is used in cooperation with an excavator, and the method of loading while excavating is adopted to avoid the influence of the surcharge around the foundation pit on the safety of the foundation pit. Although the excavators in the prior art can meet the excavation requirements to a certain extent, their flexibility and efficiency are often greatly limited in a narrow working surface.

[0003] The earth - digging bucket of the excavator in the prior art is usually installed at the end of the forearm, and its excavation angle and range are relatively limited, making it difficult to meet the complex requirements of a narrow working surface, especially for the excavation operation in the vertical direction, and the excavation efficiency is low.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design an earth - digging device that can adapt to a narrow working surface, has high flexibility, and has higher excavation efficiency in the vertical direction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an earth - digging device and an earth - digging method for a narrow working foundation pit to solve the problems raised in the above - mentioned background technique.

[0006] To achieve the above - mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An earth - digging device and an earth - digging method for a narrow working foundation pit, including a hydraulic telescopic arm. The seat pipe of the hydraulic telescopic arm is rotatably arranged at the end of the forearm of the excavator. One end of an adjusting hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the seat pipe of the hydraulic telescopic arm, and the other end of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the forearm of the excavator. A foundation mounting seat is fixed at the end of the moving pipe of the hydraulic telescopic arm.

[0007] A foundation earth - digging bucket is rotatably arranged on the foundation mounting seat. The bottom surface and the side surface of the foundation earth - digging bucket both have side walls. One end of a foundation hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the foundation earth - digging bucket, and the other end of the foundation hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the foundation mounting seat. An adjustable mounting seat is detachably fixed on the foundation mounting seat. An adjustable earth - digging bucket is rotatably arranged on the adjustable mounting seat. One end of an adjustable hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the adjustable earth - digging bucket. The bottom surface and the side surface of the adjustable earth - digging bucket both have side walls. The other end of the adjustable hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the adjustable mounting seat. The openings of the adjustable earth - digging bucket and the foundation earth - digging bucket can be closed.

[0008] An additional earth - digging bucket is detachably fixed on the foundation earth - digging bucket, and an additional earth - digging bucket is also detachably fixed on the adjustable earth - digging bucket.

[0009] Preferably, a positive and negative thread lead screw is rotatably arranged on the base mounting seat. A left clamp and a right clamp are threadedly connected to the positive and negative thread lead screw. The left clamp and the right clamp are slidably arranged on the guiding shaft. Left and right cushion blocks are fixed on the adjustable mounting seat. The left clamp can press against the left cushion block, and the right clamp can press against the right cushion block. One end of the positive and negative thread lead screw is coaxially fixed with a rotary handle.

[0010] Preferably, anti-loosening holes are provided on the left cushion block, and anti-loosening holes are also provided on the right cushion block. The diameter of the anti-loosening holes is D1, and the distance between the two anti-loosening holes is S. The value of S ranges from D1 to 4D1. An anti-loosening bracket is fixed on the base mounting seat. Two anti-loosening pins are slidably arranged on the anti-loosening bracket. The diameter of the anti-loosening pins is D2, and the value of D2 ranges from 0.5D1 to 0.8D1. The anti-loosening pins can float within the anti-loosening bracket. One anti-loosening pin can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole of the left clamp, and the other anti-loosening pin can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole of the right clamp. One end of each anti-loosening pin is spherical, and the other end is connected to a driving mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a slider. The slider is slidably arranged on the optical axis. The optical axis is fixed within the anti-loosening bracket. The slider is threadedly connected to the driving lead screw. The driving lead screw is rotatably arranged within the anti-loosening bracket. One end of a link A is rotatably arranged on the slider. The other end of link A is rotatably arranged on one end of a link B. The other end of link B is rotatably arranged on one end of a link C. The other end of link C is rotatably arranged on the anti-loosening pin.

[0012] Preferably, an input pulley is coaxially fixed on the positive and negative thread lead screw, and an output pulley is coaxially fixed on the driving lead screw. The input pulley is connected to the output pulley through a belt.

[0013] Preferably, a locking structure is fixed on the side wall of the base excavating bucket, and a locking structure is also fixed on the side wall of the adjustable excavating bucket. An installation convex block is fixed on the side of the additional excavating bucket. The installation convex block can be connected and locked with the locking structure. The additional excavating bucket can be installed on both sides of the base excavating bucket and the adjustable excavating bucket through the locking structure.

[0014] Preferably, the locking structure includes an installation hole opened on the side wall. The installation convex block can be inserted through the installation hole. An installation bracket is fixed on the side wall above the installation hole. A locking block is arranged in a lifting manner on the installation bracket. A locking hole is opened on the installation convex block. The locking block can be inserted into the locking hole.

[0015] Preferably, a straight groove is opened on the locking block. A roller is slidably arranged within the straight groove. The roller is rotatably arranged on a swing rod. The swing rod is rotatably arranged on the side wall. When the locking block is in the upper limit position, the swing rod is perpendicular to the straight groove. An unlocking handle is fixed on the locking block.

[0016] Preferably, a trigger block is slidably arranged on the side wall of one side of the mounting hole. One end of the trigger block is provided with an inclined surface, which can contact the mounting protrusion. A friction plate is fixed on the trigger block. A gear is fixed at the rotating end of the swing rod. The gear is meshed with a rack. The rack is slidably arranged on the side wall. One end of the rack is fixed with a friction plate. The friction plate of the rack can contact the friction plate of the trigger block. A reset handle is fixed on the trigger block.

[0017] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for excavating soil using an excavating device for a narrow operation foundation pit, including the following steps:

[0018] S1. Preparation: Install the hydraulic telescopic arm and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder on the forearm of the excavator.

[0019] S2. Preliminary excavation: Use the basic excavation bucket and the adjustable excavation bucket to cooperate for excavation in the vertical direction.

[0020] S3. Trimming: Remove the adjustable mounting seat and the adjustable excavation bucket, and use the basic excavation bucket to trim other directions of the foundation pit.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The basic excavation bucket is installed on the basic mounting seat, and the basic mounting seat is installed on the telescopic hydraulic arm, enabling the basic excavation bucket to carry out excavation work with a vertically downward running track, which is convenient for vertical excavation work on a narrow working surface;

[0022] The adjustable mounting seat is detachably fixed on the basic mounting seat, and the adjustable excavation bucket is installed on the adjustable mounting seat. When excavating vertically downward, through the cooperation of the adjustable excavation bucket and the basic excavation bucket, the excavation volume and excavation efficiency can be improved. When excavating in other directions, the adjustable mounting seat and the adjustable excavation bucket can be removed to improve the flexibility of the excavation work;

[0023] The basic excavation bucket and the adjustable excavation bucket can be equipped with additional excavation buckets. When the soil is easy to excavate, the excavation volume can be increased by installing the additional excavation bucket. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is an axonometric view of the basic mounting seat, the basic excavation bucket and the additional excavation bucket of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is an axonometric view of the basic mounting seat and the basic excavation bucket of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is an axonometric view of the adjustable mounting seat of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5Front view of the adjustable mounting base of the present invention, with the hidden parts shown in dashed lines;

[0029] Figure 6 Isometric view of the basic mounting base and the basic digging bucket of the present invention from another angle;

[0030] Figure 7 Isometric view of the basic mounting base of the present invention, with the top cover removed;

[0031] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the anti-loosening pin and the slider of the present invention, with the hidden parts shown in dashed lines;

[0032] Figure 9 Isometric view of the additional digging bucket of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 Isometric view of the basic mounting base and the basic digging bucket of the present invention from yet another angle;

[0034] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 Partial enlarged view at location A;

[0035] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the locking structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 10 Partial enlarged view at location B;

[0037] Figure 14 Isometric view of the locking block and the unlocking handle of the present invention;

[0038] In the figure: 101, forearm; 102, seat tube; 103, moving tube; 104, adjusting hydraulic cylinder; 105, basic mounting base; 106, basic digging bucket; 107, basic hydraulic cylinder; 108, adjustable mounting base; 109, adjustable digging bucket; 110, adjustable hydraulic cylinder; 111, additional digging bucket; 112, side wall; 201, left - and - right - hand thread lead screw; 202, left clamp; 203, right clamp; 204, left spacer; 205, right spacer; 206, rotating handle; 207, anti - loosening hole; 208, anti - loosening bracket; 209, anti - loosening pin; 210, slider; 211, optical axis; 212, driving lead screw; 213, A - link; 214, B - link; 215, C - link; 216, belt; 217, guiding shaft; 301, mounting convex block; 302, mounting hole; 303, mounting bracket; 304, locking block; 305, locking hole; 306, straight groove; 307, roller; 308, swing rod; 309, unlocking handle; 310, trigger block; 311, inclined plane; 312, rack; 313, reset handle; 314, gear. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] Embodiment 1: The present invention provides a technical solution: As Figure 1 shown, an earth excavation device and an earth excavation method for a narrow operation foundation pit include a hydraulic telescopic arm. The hydraulic telescopic arm is a commonly used component, including a seat pipe, a moving pipe, and a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder can control the moving pipe to extend out of the seat pipe or retract into the seat pipe. The seat pipe 102 of the hydraulic telescopic arm is rotatably arranged at the end of the forearm 101 of the excavator. One end of an adjusting hydraulic cylinder 104 is rotatably arranged on the seat pipe 102 of the hydraulic telescopic arm, and the other end of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 104 is rotatably arranged on the forearm 101 of the excavator. A foundation mounting seat 105 is fixed at the end of the moving pipe 103 of the hydraulic telescopic arm.

[0041] As Figure 1 、 2 shown, a foundation earth excavation bucket 106 is rotatably arranged on the foundation mounting seat 105. The bottom and side surfaces of the foundation earth excavation bucket 106 both have side walls 112. One end of a foundation hydraulic cylinder 107 is rotatably arranged on the foundation earth excavation bucket 106, and the other end of the foundation hydraulic cylinder 107 is rotatably arranged on the foundation mounting seat 105. An adjustable mounting seat 108 is detachably fixed on the foundation mounting seat 105. An adjustable earth excavation bucket 109 is rotatably arranged on the adjustable mounting seat 108. One end of an adjustable hydraulic cylinder 110 is rotatably arranged on the adjustable earth excavation bucket 109. The bottom and side surfaces of the adjustable earth excavation bucket 109 both have side walls 112. The other end of the adjustable hydraulic cylinder 110 is rotatably arranged on the adjustable mounting seat 108. The openings of the adjustable earth excavation bucket 109 and the foundation earth excavation bucket 106 can be closed.

[0042] The foundation earth excavation bucket 106 is installed on the foundation mounting seat 105, and the foundation mounting seat 105 is installed on the telescopic hydraulic arm. Compared with directly installing the foundation earth excavation bucket 106 on the forearm of the excavator, the earth excavation device in this embodiment enables the foundation earth excavation bucket 106 to perform earth excavation work along a vertically downward running track, facilitating earth excavation work in the vertical direction on a narrow working surface.

[0043] An adjustable mounting seat 108 is detachably fixed on the foundation mounting seat 105, and an adjustable earth excavation bucket 109 is installed on the adjustable mounting seat 108. When excavating vertically downward, through the cooperation of the adjustable earth excavation bucket 109 and the foundation earth excavation bucket 106, the earth excavation volume and excavation efficiency can be improved. When excavating in other directions, the adjustable mounting seat 108 and the adjustable earth excavation bucket 109 can be removed to improve the flexibility of the excavation work.

[0044] As shown Figure 2 in the figure, an additional digging bucket 111 is detachably fixed on the basic digging bucket 106. An additional digging bucket 111 (not shown in the drawings) is also detachably fixed on the adjustable digging bucket 109 of the present embodiment.

[0045] The basic digging bucket 106 and the adjustable digging bucket 109 can be equipped with an additional digging bucket 111. When the soil is easy to dig, the addition of the additional digging bucket 111 can increase the amount of soil dug.

[0046] As shown Figure 2 - 4 in the figure, a left - hand and right - hand screw rod 201 is rotatably arranged on the basic mounting seat 105 (shown in Figure 3 ). The left - hand and right - hand screw rod is a screw rod with left - hand threads processed at one end and right - hand threads processed at the other end. A left clamp 202 and a right clamp 203 are threadedly connected to the left - hand and right - hand screw rod 201. Taking the left - hand direction when facing the opening of the basic digging bucket 106 as the left, the left clamp 202 and the right clamp 203 are slidably arranged on a guiding shaft 217 (shown in Figure 2 ). Left and right cushion blocks 204 and 205 are fixed on the adjustable mounting seat 108 (shown in Figure 4 ). The left clamp 202 can press against the left cushion block 204, and the right clamp 203 can press against the right cushion block 205. One end of the left - hand and right - hand screw rod 201 is coaxially fixed with a rotating handle 206. In this embodiment, the rotating handle 206 is a square protrusion and can be rotated by a corresponding wrench.

[0047] Rotating the rotating handle 206 can drive the left - hand and right - hand screw rod 201 to rotate, thereby driving the left clamp 202 and the right clamp 203 to move, further driving the left clamp 202 to press against the left cushion block 204 and the right clamp 203 to press against the right cushion block 205, and further pressing the basic mounting seat 105 against the adjustable mounting seat 108, facilitating the quick disassembly and assembly of the adjustable mounting seat 108.

[0048] As shown Figure 3 - 6 in the figure, a loosening - prevention hole 207 is formed on the left cushion block 204 (shown in Figure 4 , 5 ). A loosening - prevention hole 207 is also formed on the right cushion block 205. The diameter of the loosening - prevention hole 207 is D1, and the distance between the two loosening - prevention holes 207 is S. The value of S ranges from D1 to 4D1. A loosening - prevention bracket 208 is fixed on the basic mounting seat 105. Two loosening - prevention pins 209 with a diameter of D2 are slidably arranged on the loosening - prevention bracket 208 (shown in Figure 8Among them, the value of D2 is between 0.5D1 and 0.8D1. The anti-loosening pin 209 can float within the anti-loosening bracket 208. One anti-loosening pin 209 can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207 of the left clamp 202, and the other anti-loosening pin 209 can be inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207 of the right clamp 203. One end of each anti-loosening pin 209 is spherical, and the other end is connected to a driving mechanism.

[0049] After the basic mounting base 105 presses the adjustable mounting base 108 and the anti-loosening pin 209 is inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207, it can prevent the adjustable mounting base 108 from gradually detaching from the basic mounting base 105 due to external vibration. Since the diameter of the anti-loosening pin 209 is smaller than the diameter of the anti-loosening hole 207, the anti-loosening pin 209 can move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the anti-loosening hole 207 when inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207, facilitating the insertion of the anti-loosening pin 209 into the anti-loosening hole 207. Since the distance between the two anti-loosening holes 207 is S and they are not on the same straight line, it can reduce the swaying of the adjustable mounting base 108 around the anti-loosening pin 209.

[0050] As Figure 7 、 8 shown, the driving mechanism includes a slider 210. The slider 210 is slidably arranged on the optical axis 211. The optical axis 211 is fixed within the anti-loosening bracket 208. The slider 210 is threadedly connected to the driving lead screw 212. The driving lead screw 212 is rotatably arranged within the anti-loosening bracket 208. One end of a link A 213 is rotatably arranged on the slider 210. The other end of the link A 213 is rotatably arranged with one end of a link B 214. The other end of the link B 214 is rotatably arranged with one end of a link C 215. The other end of the link C 215 is rotatably arranged on the anti-loosening pin 209.

[0051] The rotation of the driving lead screw 212 can drive the slider 210 to move, and then drive the link A 213, link B 214, and link C 215 to move, and then drive the anti-loosening pin 209 to move. The link A 213, link B 214, and link C 215 cooperate to enable the anti-loosening pin 209 to move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the anti-loosening hole 207 when inserted into the anti-loosening hole 207 to adjust the position.

[0052] As Figure 7 shown, an input pulley is coaxially fixed on the left-right hand lead screw 201, and an output pulley is coaxially fixed on the driving lead screw 212. The input pulley is connected to the output pulley through a belt 216.

[0053] When installing the adjustable mounting base 108, first insert the adjustable mounting base 108 onto the basic mounting base 105. Then rotate the handle 206. The rotation of the handle 206 can drive the rotation of the double-threaded lead screw 201, thereby pressing the basic mounting base 105 against the adjustable mounting base 108. The rotation of the double-threaded lead screw 201 can drive the rotation of the input pulley, and then drive the rotation of the output pulley through the belt 216, thereby driving the rotation of the drive lead screw 212, and then driving the movement of the slider 210, so that the locking pin 209 is inserted into the locking hole 207 to complete the installation of the adjustable mounting base 108.

[0054] Through the cooperation of the belt 216 and the drive mechanism, while pressing the adjustable mounting base 108, the locking pin 209 can be inserted into the locking hole 207, which is convenient for installing the adjustable mounting base 108.

[0055] As Figure 3 、 9 As shown in the figure, a locking structure is fixed on the side wall 112 of the basic earth bucket 106, and a locking structure is also fixed on the side wall 112 of the adjustable earth bucket 109. An installation convex block 301 is fixed on the side of the additional earth bucket 111. The installation convex block 301 can be connected and locked with the locking structure. The additional earth bucket 111 can be installed on both sides of the basic earth bucket 106 and the adjustable earth bucket 109 through the locking structure.

[0056] As Figure 9 、 10 As shown in the figure, the locking structure includes an installation hole 302. The installation hole 302 is opened on the side wall 112. The installation convex block 301 can be inserted from the installation hole 302. An installation bracket 303 is fixed on the side wall 112 above the installation hole 302. A locking block 304 is arranged in a lifting manner on the installation bracket 303. A locking hole 305 is opened on the installation convex block 301. The locking block 304 can be inserted into the locking hole 305.

[0057] When installing the additional earth bucket 111, first insert the installation convex block 301 into the installation hole 302, and then lower the locking block 304 and insert it into the locking hole 305. After the locking block 304 is inserted into the locking hole 305, the installation convex block 301 cannot be separated from the installation hole 302.

[0058] As Figure 10 、 11 As shown in Figures 12 and 14, a straight groove 306 is opened on the locking block 304. A roller 307 is slidably arranged in the straight groove 306. The roller 307 is rotatably arranged on a swing rod 308. The swing rod 308 is rotatably arranged on the side wall 112. When the locking block 304 is in the upper limit position, the swing rod 308 is perpendicular to the straight groove 306. An unlocking handle 309 is fixed on the locking block 304.

[0059] When unlocking the unlocking structure, pull the unlocking handle 309 upward, which drives the locking block 304 to rise, and then drives the swing rod 308 to rotate. When the locking block 304 is at the upper limit position, the swing rod 308 is perpendicular to the straight groove 306, and the locking block 304 leaves the locking hole 305. At this time, after releasing the unlocking handle 309, the locking block 304 is subject to a gravity, and the swing rod 308 is subject to a pressure F exerted by the locking block 304. The pressure F is perpendicular to the straight groove 306, and the velocity direction V of the swing rod 308 is perpendicular to the swing rod 308. Therefore, the pressure F is perpendicular to the velocity V, and the gravity of the locking block 304 cannot drive the swing rod 308 to move. The locking block 304 remains at the upper limit position, which is convenient for the operator to unlock the unlocking structure.

[0060] As Figure 10 - 13 shown, a trigger block 310 is slidably provided on the side wall 112 on one side of the mounting hole 302. One end of the trigger block 310 is provided with an inclined surface 311 (shown in Figure 13 ), and the inclined surface 311 can contact the mounting projection 301. A friction plate is fixed on the trigger block 310, a gear 314 is fixed at the rotating end of the swing rod 308, the gear 314 is meshed with a rack 312, the rack 312 is slidably provided on the side wall 112, a friction plate is fixed at one end of the rack 312, and the friction plate of the rack 312 can contact the friction plate of the trigger block 310. A reset handle 313 is fixed on the trigger block 310.

[0061] When inserting the mounting projection 301 into the mounting hole 302, the mounting projection 301 can squeeze the inclined surface 311 of the trigger block 310, and then drive the trigger block 310 to move through the inclined surface 311, so that the trigger block 310 moves to the side of the mounting projection 301. The movement of the trigger block 310 drives the rack 312 to move through the friction plate, and then drives the gear 314 to rotate, and then drives the swing rod 308 to rotate. After the swing rod 308 rotates through a certain angle, the pressure F and the velocity V are no longer perpendicular. The locking block 304 falls under the action of gravity and drives the swing rod 308 to swing. Subsequently, the locking block 304 is inserted into the locking hole 305 to complete the installation of the additional digging bucket 111.

[0062] When disassembling the additional earth - digging bucket 111, first pull the unlocking handle 309 upward, which drives the locking block 304 to rise, then drives the swing rod 308 to swing, then drives the gear 314 to rotate, and then drives the rack 312 to move. The movement of the rack 312 makes the trigger block 310 tend to move in the direction of the mounting projection 301 through the friction plate. Since the trigger block 310 is blocked by the mounting projection 301, the rack 312 and the trigger block 310 move relative to each other. When the locking block 304 rises to the upper limit position, the swing rod 308 is perpendicular to the straight groove 306, the locking block 304 leaves the locking hole 305, and the locking block 304 remains at the upper limit position. Then pull out the additional earth - digging bucket 111 to separate the mounting projection 301 from the locking structure, completing the disassembly of the additional earth - digging bucket 111. Then grasp the unlocking handle 309 and, while keeping the swing rod 308 perpendicular to the straight groove 306, push the reset handle 313 to make the trigger block 310 move in the direction of the mounting hole 302.

[0063] Through the cooperation of the trigger block 310, the rack 312 and the gear 314, the locking block 304 can be automatically released when the mounting projection 301 is inserted, facilitating the locking of the mounting projection 301.

[0064] Working process:

[0065] First, install the hydraulic telescopic arm and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 104 on the excavator's forearm 101. Then use the basic earth - digging bucket 106 and the adjustable earth - digging bucket 109 to cooperate for excavation in the vertical direction. When the soil is easy to dig, the addition of the additional earth - digging bucket 111 can increase the earth - digging volume.

[0066] Before installing the additional earth - digging bucket 111, first pull the unlocking handle 309 upward, which drives the locking block 304 to rise, then drives the swing rod 308 to rotate. When the locking block 304 is at the upper limit position, the swing rod 308 is perpendicular to the straight groove 306. Then grasp the unlocking handle 309 and, while keeping the swing rod 308 perpendicular to the straight groove 306, push the reset handle 313 to make the trigger block 310 move in the direction of the mounting hole 302.

[0067] Subsequently, insert the mounting projection 301 into the mounting hole 302. The mounting projection 301 can squeeze the inclined surface 311 of the trigger block 310, and then drive the trigger block 310 to move through the inclined surface 311, making the trigger block 310 move to the side of the mounting projection 301. The movement of the trigger block 310 drives the rack 312 to move through the friction plate, then drives the gear 314 to rotate, and then drives the swing rod 308 to rotate. After the swing rod 308 rotates through a certain angle, the pressure F and the velocity V are no longer perpendicular. The locking block 304 falls under the action of gravity and drives the swing rod 308 to swing. Then the locking block 304 is inserted into the locking hole 305 to complete the installation of the additional earth - digging bucket 111.

[0068] When disassembling the additional earth-digging bucket 111, first pull the unlocking handle 309 upward, which drives the locking block 304 to rise, then drives the swing rod 308 to swing, then drives the gear 314 to rotate, then drives the rack 312 to move. The movement of the rack 312 makes the trigger block 310 tend to move in the direction of the mounting projection 301 through the friction plate. Since the trigger block 310 is blocked by the mounting projection 301, relative movement occurs between the rack 312 and the trigger block 310. When the locking block 304 rises to the upper limit position, the swing rod 308 is perpendicular to the straight groove 306, the locking block 304 leaves the locking hole 305, and the locking block 304 remains at the upper limit position. Subsequently, pull out the additional earth-digging bucket 111 to separate the mounting projection 301 from the locking structure, completing the disassembly of the additional earth-digging bucket 111.

[0069] After the excavation in the vertical direction of the foundation pit is completed, remove the adjustable mounting seat 108 and the adjustable earth-digging bucket 109, and use the basic earth-digging bucket 106 to trim other directions of the foundation pit.

[0070] When disassembling the adjustable mounting seat 108, first rotate the rotating handle 206. The rotation of the rotating handle 206 can drive the left and right thread lead screw 201 to rotate, then drive the left clamp 202 and the right clamp 203 to move, then drive the left clamp 202 to loosen the left cushion block 204, and the right clamp 203 to loosen the right cushion block 205, thus loosening the adjustable mounting seat 108 by the basic mounting seat 105. The rotation of the left and right thread lead screw 201 can drive the input pulley to rotate, then drive the output pulley to rotate through the belt 216, then drive the driving lead screw 212 to rotate, then drive the slider 210 to move, thus making the anti-loosening pin 209 leave the anti-loosening hole 207. Subsequently, pull out the adjustable mounting seat 108 to complete the disassembly of the adjustable mounting seat 108.

[0071] When installing the adjustable mounting seat 108, first insert the adjustable mounting seat 108 onto the basic mounting seat 105, and then rotate the rotating handle 206. The rotation of the rotating handle 206 can drive the left and right thread lead screw 201 to rotate, then drive the left clamp 202 and the right clamp 203 to move, then drive the left clamp 202 to press the left cushion block 204, and the right clamp 203 to press the right cushion block 205, thus pressing the adjustable mounting seat 108 by the basic mounting seat 105. The rotation of the left and right thread lead screw 201 can drive the input pulley to rotate, then drive the output pulley to rotate through the belt 216, then drive the driving lead screw 212 to rotate, then drive the slider 210 to move, thus making the anti-loosening pin 209 insert into the anti-loosening hole 207 to complete the installation of the adjustable mounting seat 108.

[0072] Embodiment 2: A method for excavating soil with an excavating device for a narrow working foundation pit in Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0073] S1. Preparation: Install the hydraulic telescopic arm and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 104 on the excavator's forearm 101;

[0074] S2. Preliminary excavation, using the basic digging bucket 106 and the adjustable digging bucket 109 to cooperate for excavation in the vertical direction;

[0075] S3. Trimming, removing the adjustable mounting seat 108 and the adjustable digging bucket 109, and using the basic digging bucket 106 to trim other directions of the foundation pit.

[0076] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An earth excavation device for a narrow operation foundation pit, characterized in that: It includes a hydraulic telescopic arm. The seat tube of the hydraulic telescopic arm is rotatably arranged at the end of the forearm of the excavator. One end of an adjusting hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the seat tube of the hydraulic telescopic arm, and the other end of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the forearm of the excavator. A moving tube is slidably arranged in the seat tube of the hydraulic telescopic arm, and a base mounting seat is fixed at the end of the moving tube of the hydraulic telescopic arm. A base digging bucket is rotatably arranged on the base mounting seat. The bottom surface and the side surface of the base digging bucket both have side walls. One end of a base hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the base digging bucket, and the other end of the base hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the base mounting seat. An adjustable mounting seat is detachably fixed on the base mounting seat. An adjustable digging bucket is rotatably arranged on the adjustable mounting seat. One end of an adjustable hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the adjustable digging bucket. The bottom surface and the side surface of the adjustable digging bucket both have side walls. The other end of the adjustable hydraulic cylinder is rotatably arranged on the adjustable mounting seat. The openings of the adjustable digging bucket and the base digging bucket can be closed. An additional digging bucket is detachably fixed on the base digging bucket, and an additional digging bucket is also detachably fixed on the adjustable digging bucket. A locking structure is fixed on the side wall of the base digging bucket. An installation convex block with a locking hole is fixed on the additional digging bucket. The locking structure includes an installation hole opened on the side wall of the base digging bucket. An installation bracket is fixed on the side wall above the installation hole. A locking block that can be inserted into the locking hole is arranged in a lifting manner on the installation bracket. The installation convex block can be inserted from the installation hole. A straight groove is opened on the locking block. A roller rotatably arranged on a swing rod is slidably arranged in the straight groove. The swing rod is rotatably arranged on the side wall. When the locking block is in the upper limit position, the swing rod is perpendicular to the straight groove. A trigger block is slidably arranged on the side wall on one side of the installation hole. One end of the trigger block is provided with an inclined surface, and the inclined surface can contact the installation convex block. A friction plate is fixed on the trigger block. A gear meshing with a rack is fixed on the swing rod. The rack is slidably arranged on the side wall, and a friction plate is fixed on the rack.

2. The earth excavation device for a narrow operation foundation pit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A left - hand and right - hand threaded lead screw (201) is rotatably arranged on the base mounting seat (105). A left clamp (202) and a right clamp (203) are threadedly connected to the left - hand and right - hand threaded lead screw (201). The left clamp (202) and the right clamp (203) are slidably arranged on a guide shaft (217). Left and right cushion blocks (204) and (205) are fixed on the adjustable mounting seat (108). The left clamp (202) can press the left cushion block (204), and the right clamp (203) can press the right cushion block (205). One end of the left - hand and right - hand threaded lead screw (201) is coaxially fixed with a rotating handle (206).

3. The earth excavation device for a narrow operation foundation pit according to claim 2, wherein: The left cushion block (204) is provided with a locking prevention hole (207), and the right cushion block (205) is also provided with a locking prevention hole (207). The diameter of the locking prevention hole (207) is D1, and the distance between the two locking prevention holes (207) is S, where the value of S ranges from D1 to 4D1. A locking prevention bracket (208) is fixed on the base mounting seat (105). Two locking prevention pins (209) are slidably arranged on the locking prevention bracket (208). The diameter of the locking prevention pin (209) is D2, and the value of D2 ranges from 0.5D1 to 0.8D1. The locking prevention pin (209) can float within the locking prevention bracket (208). One locking prevention pin (209) can be inserted into the locking prevention hole (207) of the left clamp (202), and the other locking prevention pin (209) can be inserted into the locking prevention hole (207) of the right clamp (203). One end of each locking prevention pin (209) is spherical, and the other end is connected to a driving mechanism.

4. The earth-digging device for a narrow working foundation pit according to claim 3, wherein: The driving mechanism includes a slider (210). The slider (210) is slidably arranged on a optical axis (211), and the optical axis (211) is fixed on the locking prevention bracket (208). The slider (210) is threadedly connected to a driving lead screw (212). The driving lead screw (212) is rotatably arranged within the locking prevention bracket (208). One end of a link A (213) is rotatably arranged on the slider (210). The other end of the link A (213) is rotatably arranged with one end of a link B (214). The other end of the link B (214) is rotatably arranged with one end of a link C (215). The other end of the link C (215) is rotatably arranged on the locking prevention pin (209).

5. The excavation device for a narrow working foundation pit according to claim 4, wherein: An input pulley is coaxially fixed on the left - hand and right - hand lead screw (201), and an output pulley is coaxially fixed on the driving lead screw (212). The input pulley is connected to the output pulley through a belt (216).

6. The excavation device for a narrow operation foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein: A locking structure is also fixed on the side wall (112) of the adjustable digging bucket (109). The mounting convex block (301) can be connected and locked with the locking structure. Additional digging buckets (111) can be installed on both sides of the base digging bucket (106) and the adjustable digging bucket (109) through the locking structure.

7. The earth excavation device for a narrow operation foundation pit according to claim 6, characterized in that: An unlocking handle (309) is fixed on the locking block (304).

8. The soil excavation device for a narrow operation foundation pit according to claim 7, characterized in that: A gear (314) is fixed at the rotating end of the swing rod (308). One end of a rack (312) is fixed with a friction plate. The friction plate of the rack (312) can contact the friction plate of the trigger block (310). A reset handle (313) is fixed on the trigger block (310).

9. A method for excavating soil using the soil excavation device for a narrow working foundation pit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Preparation: Install the hydraulic telescopic arm and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (104) on the excavator forearm (101). S2. Preliminary excavation: Use the base digging bucket (106) and the adjustable digging bucket (109) to cooperate for excavation in the vertical direction. S3. Trimming: Remove the adjustable mounting seat (108) and the adjustable digging bucket (109), and use the base digging bucket (106) to trim other directions of the foundation pit.

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