Method for quickly installing steel structure in building construction

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for quickly installing a steel structure in a building. The method comprises all links from prefabrication to cyclic construction control. In the prefabrication processing stage, three-dimensional modeling and mechanical analysis are conducted on the basis of a BIM model, a numerical control plasma cutting machine, a five-axis numerical control machine tool and other high-precision equipment are utilized, installation and positioning datum points are calibrated through laser, and high precision and high quality of components are guaranteed. During transportation, modular coding and a detachable transportation frame are adopted, and a rubber buffer layer and a GPS positioning device are arranged, so that the transportation safety and efficiency are guaranteed. In the hoisting operation, a path is planned through a BIM model, a tower crane with an angle sensor is used, the laser positioning technology is combined, and accurate alignment with the error controlled within the range of + / -2 mm is achieved. Friction type high-strength bolts are adopted for connection construction, and an intelligent torque-corner method control device is matched to apply pre-tightening force in stages, so that connection firmness is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention provides a rapid installation method, belongs to the technical field of building construction, and particularly relates to a rapid installation method for a steel structure in a building construction. Background Art

[0002] Steel structure is a structural form mainly made of steel materials. It uses steel as the main material and combines steel beams, steel columns, steel trusses and other components through various connection methods such as welding, riveting, bolting, etc. to form a building structure system that can withstand the corresponding load. It has many advantages such as high strength, light weight, fast construction speed, high degree of industrialization, strong plasticity, good seismic performance, and large spatial span. It is widely used in many fields such as high-rise buildings, large-span spatial structures, industrial plants, bridge projects, offshore platforms, etc. It is one of the indispensable and important structural forms in modern architecture and engineering.

[0003] The main connection methods of steel structures in building construction are welding, bolt connection and rivet connection. The simple steps of welding connection are: first position and fix the components to ensure the accuracy of the connection position; then select the appropriate welding method and welding rod according to the design requirements, such as manual arc welding, automatic welding or semi-automatic welding; then perform welding operations, pay attention to controlling the welding sequence and welding parameters to reduce welding deformation; finally, inspect and quality test the welds to ensure that the strength and quality of the welds meet the requirements. Although this welding connection method has high strength and good integrity, it requires high technical level of welding workers. Heat-affected zones are easily generated during welding, causing local brittleness of steel. Welding residual stress and residual deformation may also be generated, affecting the bearing capacity and performance of the structure. It is difficult to disassemble after welding, and maintenance and modification are relatively difficult. The steps of bolt connection are to prepare bolt holes on the components first, then pass the bolts through the holes and tighten the nuts to achieve connection. It is easy to install and removable, but requires high-precision bolt holes, and the cross-section of the components will be weakened at the connection. Auxiliary connectors may need to be added, which increases the complexity of materials and construction. The steps of rivet connection include preparing rivet holes on the components, inserting heated rivets into the holes, and then flattening the rivet heads with a rivet gun to achieve a tight connection. This method has reliable force transmission, good toughness and plasticity, but the process is complicated, labor-intensive and material-intensive. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for rapid installation of steel structures in building construction, thereby solving the problems of low installation efficiency and long construction period of steel structures in the prior art. The method adopts high-strength bolt connections without welding, reduces on-site operation time, and improves installation speed.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for rapid installation of steel structures in building construction, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (a) Digital prefabrication: 3D modeling and mechanical analysis of steel structure components are performed based on the BIM model. CNC plasma cutting machines are used in the factory to cut components. End milling is performed using a five-axis CNC machine tool. Positioning reference points are installed and laser-calibrated on the component surface.

[0007] (b) Modular transportation preparation: The processed steel structure components are modularly coded according to the installation sequence and transported in three dimensions using a detachable transport rack equipped with a rubber buffer layer and a GPS positioning device;

[0008] (c) Intelligent hoisting positioning: The hoisting path planning is generated through the BIM model, and a tower crane equipped with an angle sensor is used for hoisting operations. After the component is hoisted to the predetermined position, the laser locator is used to automatically align it with the component reference point, and the error is controlled within the range of ±2mm;

[0009] (d) High-precision connection construction: friction-type high-strength bolts are used for connection, and the preload is applied in three stages using an intelligent torque-angle method control device: initial preload to 30% of the design value, temporary fixed preload to 60%, and finally the angle method is used to reach 100% of the design preload;

[0010] (e) Dynamic calibration system: During the installation process, a 3D laser scanner is used to collect point cloud data in real time. By analyzing the deviation between the BIM model and the actual point cloud data, calibration instructions are automatically generated to drive the hydraulic fine-tuning device to perform millimeter-level corrections;

[0011] (f) Composite protection treatment: Use high-pressure airless spray equipment to apply epoxy zinc-rich primer (dry film thickness ≥ 75μm), micaceous iron intermediate paint (dry film thickness ≥ 125μm), and polysiloxane topcoat (dry film thickness ≥ 50μm). The fire retardant coating uses ultra-thin steel structure fire retardant coating (coating thickness 2.0mm, fire resistance limit ≥ 2.0h);

[0012] (g) Cyclic construction control: The installation status of components is tracked in real time through RFID chips, and the lifting sequence is dynamically optimized according to the construction progress. After each standard layer construction is completed, the overall three-dimensional coordinates are re-measured using a total station.

[0013] Preferably, in step (a), a three-dimensional laser scanner is used to perform reverse inspection on the processed component, and the generated actual size data is automatically compared with the BIM model, and the size tolerance is controlled at L / 15000 and not greater than ±1.5 mm.

[0014] Preferably: in step (c), the crane is equipped with a dual-channel safety monitoring system, including a load sensor, an amplitude detector and a wind speed alarm;

[0015] The weight sensor has a measuring range of 0-50t, an accuracy of ±0.5% FS, an amplitude detector has a measuring range of 0-80m, a resolution of 0.01m, and a wind speed alarm threshold of >10.8m / s is automatically locked.

[0016] Preferably, in step (d), the bolt connection surface is treated by sandblasting to remove rust, and the anti-slip coefficient is ≥0.45. A torque spot check is carried out within 24 hours after final tightening, and the number of spot checks is not less than 5% of the total number of node bolts and not less than 10 sets.

[0017] Preferably, the hydraulic fine-tuning device in step (e) comprises an X / Y / Z three-way adjustment module, a single adjustment range of ±50 mm, a positioning accuracy of ±0.1 mm, and a maximum lifting force of 200 kN.

[0018] Preferably, the coating construction environment in step (f) is controlled as follows: relative air humidity ≤ 85%, substrate surface temperature is 3°C higher than dew point temperature, a magnetic thickness gauge is used to control wet film thickness, and the total dry film thickness after drying is ≥ 250 μm.

[0019] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0020] The innovation of the present invention is that the processing, transportation, installation and protection process of steel structures are comprehensively optimized through digital, modular, intelligent and systematic means. In the prefabrication stage, the BIM model is used for accurate three-dimensional modeling and mechanical analysis, combined with CNC processing technology to ensure the high precision and high quality of the components. During transportation, modular coding and a detachable transport frame equipped with buffering and positioning functions are used to ensure the safety and efficiency of transportation. During the hoisting operation, the BIM model is used to plan the path, and a tower crane with sensors and laser positioning technology are used to achieve fast and accurate automated alignment. During the connection construction, friction-type high-strength bolts are used in conjunction with an intelligent torque control device to apply preload in stages to ensure the firmness and reliability of the connection. The installation process uses three-dimensional laser scanning and BIM model comparative analysis, combined with a hydraulic fine-tuning device, to achieve dynamic calibration and ensure installation accuracy. In terms of protection treatment, high-pressure airless spraying of multiple layers of high-performance coatings is used to form a comprehensive anti-corrosion and fire protection. In construction management, the RFID chip is used to track the component status in real time, dynamically optimize the construction sequence, and improve the overall construction efficiency. These innovations work together to effectively solve the problems of low efficiency, poor precision and long installation cycle of traditional steel structures, significantly improve construction quality and safety, and have outstanding innovation and practicality.

[0021] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of digital prefabrication of a method for rapid installation of steel structures in a building according to the present invention

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of modular transportation preparation for a method for rapid installation of steel structures in a building according to the present invention

[0024] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of intelligent hoisting and positioning of a method for rapid installation of steel structure in a building according to the present invention

[0025] Figure 4 A high-precision connection construction schematic diagram of a method for rapid installation of steel structures in building construction according to the present invention

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a dynamic calibration system for a method for rapid installation of steel structures in a building according to the present invention

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a composite protection treatment method for a rapid installation method of a steel structure in a building according to the present invention

[0028] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a cyclic construction control method for a rapid steel structure installation method in a building construction according to the present invention

[0029] Figure 8 The present invention is a construction step diagram of a method for quickly installing a steel structure in a building. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that the terms “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, “down”, “left”, “right” and similar expressions used in this document are only for illustrative purposes and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs; the terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention; the term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0033] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the present invention provides a method for rapid installation of steel structures in building construction, and its innovation lies in the introduction of advanced technologies in multiple links. In the prefabrication stage, three-dimensional modeling and mechanical analysis are carried out based on the BIM model, and high-precision equipment such as CNC plasma cutting machines and five-axis CNC machine tools are used, and the installation positioning reference points are calibrated by laser to ensure the high precision and high quality of the components. Modular coding and detachable transport frames are used during transportation, equipped with rubber buffer layers and GPS positioning devices to ensure the safety and efficiency of transportation. The lifting operation plans the path through the BIM model, uses a tower crane with an angle sensor, and combines laser positioning technology to achieve precise alignment with an error control range of ±2mm. Friction-type high-strength bolts are used in the connection construction, and the intelligent torque-angle method control device is used to apply preload in stages to ensure the firmness of the connection. The installation process uses a three-dimensional laser scanner to collect data in real time, and automatically generates calibration instructions after comparison with the BIM model, driving the hydraulic fine-tuning device to make millimeter-level corrections to ensure installation accuracy. The protective treatment uses high-pressure airless spraying equipment to apply multiple layers of high-performance coatings to form comprehensive anti-corrosion and fire protection. During construction management, RFID chips are used to track component status in real time, dynamically optimize the construction sequence, and improve overall construction efficiency.

[0034] In this implementation scheme, during the prefabrication stage, the BIM model is connected to the CNC plasma cutting machine and the five-axis CNC machine tool to ensure high-precision processing of the components; the laser calibration installation positioning reference point is located on the surface of the component to provide precise positioning for subsequent installation. During transportation, the modularly coded components are placed on a detachable transport rack, and the rubber buffer layer is located between the transport rack and the components to reduce vibration; the GPS positioning device is installed on the transport rack to provide real-time feedback on the transportation position. During the hoisting operation, the BIM model is connected to the control system of the tower crane to generate the hoisting path planning; the angle sensor is installed on the tower crane to monitor the hoisting angle; the laser locator cooperates with the component reference point to achieve automatic alignment. During the connection construction, friction-type high-strength bolts are used for component connection, and the intelligent torque-angle method control device is installed at the bolt connection position to apply preload in stages. During the installation process, the three-dimensional laser scanner is compared and analyzed with the BIM model to generate calibration instructions; the hydraulic fine-tuning device is installed at the component connection to make millimeter-level corrections according to the instructions. During the protective treatment, the high-pressure airless spraying equipment contacts the surface of the component and applies multiple layers of high-performance coatings in sequence. During construction management, RFID chips are installed on components to track the installation status in real time; the total station is used to remeasure the overall three-dimensional coordinates after the standard layer construction and provide feedback to the next standard layer construction.

[0035] like Figure 5 , 6 As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the present invention provides a method for rapid installation of steel structures in building construction, which has the advantage of comprehensive optimization of the construction process. Starting from prefabrication, three-dimensional modeling and mechanical analysis based on the BIM model, combined with high-precision processing of CNC plasma cutting machines and five-axis CNC machine tools, and laser calibration of reference points, ensure the accuracy of the components. The transportation link adopts modular coding and detachable transport frames, equipped with buffer layers and GPS positioning to improve the safety and efficiency of transportation. During the lifting operation, the BIM model is used to plan the path, a tower crane with an angle sensor is used, and high-precision alignment is achieved through laser positioning. Friction-type high-strength bolts are used in the connection construction, and the preload force is applied in stages with the intelligent torque-angle method control device to ensure the connection quality. During the installation process, the three-dimensional laser scanner collects data in real time, automatically generates calibration instructions after comparison with the BIM model, and drives the hydraulic fine-tuning device to make millimeter-level corrections to ensure installation accuracy. The protective treatment uses high-pressure airless spraying equipment to apply multiple layers of high-performance coatings to form comprehensive anti-corrosion and fire protection. During construction management, RFID chips are used to track component status in real time, dynamically optimize the construction sequence, and improve overall construction efficiency.

[0036] In this implementation scheme, the processing accuracy and quality of prefabricated components are greatly improved through the coordinated work of BIM model and CNC equipment, as well as the precise positioning of laser calibration reference points, and the errors and adjustment time of on-site installation are reduced. Secondly, the use of modular coding and detachable transport frames, combined with rubber buffer layers and GPS positioning devices, ensures the safety and efficiency during transportation, and effectively prevents damage and loss of components during transportation. Furthermore, the intelligent hoisting positioning system achieves high-precision automatic alignment through BIM model path planning and laser positioning technology, and the error is controlled within the range of ±2mm, which significantly improves the hoisting efficiency and installation accuracy. In addition, the friction-type high-strength bolt connection is combined with an intelligent torque-angle control device to apply preload in stages, which ensures the firmness and reliability of the connection and enhances the overall stability of the structure. At the same time, the dynamic calibration system uses a three-dimensional laser scanner to collect data in real time and compare and analyze it with the BIM model, automatically generates calibration instructions to drive the hydraulic fine-tuning device for millimeter-level correction, ensures precision control during installation, and avoids the impact of cumulative errors on structural safety and usage functions. The composite protection treatment uses high-pressure airless spray equipment to apply multiple layers of high-performance coatings, forming a comprehensive anti-corrosion and fire protection, extending the service life of the steel structure and improving its durability and safety. Finally, in the construction management, the RFID chip is used to track the status of the components in real time, and the lifting sequence is dynamically optimized according to the construction progress, which improves the overall construction efficiency and reduces the construction period and cost. After each standard layer is completed, the total station is used to re-measure the overall three-dimensional coordinates, and feedback is given to the next standard layer construction, realizing circular construction control, further ensuring the orderliness and efficiency of the entire construction process.

[0037] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in the form of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for rapid installation of steel structures in building construction, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (a) Digital prefabrication: 3D modeling and mechanical analysis of steel structure components are performed based on the BIM model. CNC plasma cutting machines are used in the factory to cut components. End milling is performed using a five-axis CNC machine tool. Positioning reference points are installed and laser-calibrated on the component surface. (b) Modular transportation preparation: The processed steel structure components are modularly coded according to the installation sequence and transported in three dimensions using a detachable transport rack equipped with a rubber buffer layer and a GPS positioning device; (c) Intelligent hoisting positioning: The hoisting path planning is generated through the BIM model, and a tower crane equipped with an angle sensor is used for hoisting operations. After the component is hoisted to the predetermined position, the laser locator is used to automatically align it with the component reference point, and the error is controlled within the range of ±2mm; (d) High-precision connection construction: friction-type high-strength bolts are used for connection, and the preload is applied in three stages using an intelligent torque-angle method control device: initial preload to 30% of the design value, temporary fixed preload to 60%, and finally the angle method is used to reach 100% of the design preload; (e) Dynamic calibration system: During the installation process, a 3D laser scanner is used to collect point cloud data in real time. By analyzing the deviation between the BIM model and the actual point cloud data, calibration instructions are automatically generated to drive the hydraulic fine-tuning device to perform millimeter-level corrections; (f) Composite protection treatment: Use high-pressure airless spray equipment to apply epoxy zinc-rich primer (dry film thickness ≥ 75μm), micaceous iron intermediate paint (dry film thickness ≥ 125μm), and polysiloxane topcoat (dry film thickness ≥ 50μm). The fire retardant coating uses ultra-thin steel structure fire retardant coating (coating thickness 2.0mm, fire resistance limit ≥ 2.0h); (g) Cyclic construction control: The installation status of components is tracked in real time through RFID chips, and the lifting sequence is dynamically optimized according to the construction progress. After each standard layer construction is completed, the overall three-dimensional coordinates are re-measured using a total station.

2. A method for rapid installation of steel structures in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (a), a three-dimensional laser scanner is used to perform reverse inspection on the processed component, and the generated actual size data is automatically compared with the BIM model, and the size tolerance is controlled at L / 15000 and not greater than ±1.5mm.

3. The method for rapid installation of steel structure in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (c), the crane is equipped with a dual-channel safety monitoring system, including a load sensor, an amplitude detector and a wind speed alarm; The weight sensor has a measuring range of 0-50t, an accuracy of ±0.5% FS, an amplitude detector has a measuring range of 0-80m, a resolution of 0.01m, and a wind speed alarm threshold of >10.8m / s is automatically locked.

4. The method for rapid installation of steel structure in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (d), the bolt connection surface is treated by sandblasting to remove rust and the anti-slip coefficient is ≥0.

45. A torque spot check is carried out within 24 hours after final tightening, and the number of spot checks is not less than 5% of the total number of node bolts and not less than 10 sets.

5. The method for rapid installation of steel structure in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic fine-tuning device in step (e) comprises an X / Y / Z three-way adjustment module, a single adjustment range of ±50 mm, a positioning accuracy of ±0.1 mm, and a maximum lifting force of 200 kN.

6. The method for rapid installation of steel structure in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating construction environment in step (f) is controlled as follows: relative air humidity ≤ 85%, substrate surface temperature is 3° C. higher than dew point temperature, a magnetic thickness gauge is used to control wet film thickness, and the total dry film thickness after drying is ≥ 250 μm.

Images