Experimental system and method for simulating the influence of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of tunnel operation technology, and provides a test system for simulating a model of the influence of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate; the test system includes a tunnel model body, including a support frame and at least one tunnel model segment, and each two adjacent tunnel model segments in the multiple segments are docked to the support frame; a lighting component; a circulation subsystem, including a first air supply device, a delivery pipe on the support frame and two return flow ends; a pumping subsystem, including a sample delivery component; the present invention generates a wind flow with the same wind speed value and wind direction as the actual operation tunnel of the simulated tunnel through the first air supply device to simulate a natural wind field, and quantitatively releases aerosol into the enclosed space of the tunnel model body through the sample delivery component to simulate smoke conditions, and calculates the light attenuation rate through the initial laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver and the laser beam intensity under the simulated actual operation conditions of the tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel operation, and more particularly to a test system and method for simulating a model of the influence of smoke diffusion in a tunnel on light attenuation rate. Background Art

[0002] With the increase in the number of cars in China, particulate matter and dust generated by natural wear and tear of the road surface caused by tire friction, braking, and the increasing operation time of existing tunnels have become one of the main sources of pollution in tunnels. The resulting illumination attenuation continues to affect the visual experience and driving comfort of drivers of vehicles driving normally in tunnels. Based on aerosol theory, technicians in this field have long conducted research on the attenuation of illumination by smoke and dust and found that atmospheric aerosol particles, as one of the important components of the earth-atmosphere system, affect radiation transmission in a wide band from ultraviolet to infrared. On the one hand, aerosols scatter and absorb incident light, resulting in the attenuation of light waves; on the other hand, aerosols convert the absorbed energy into their own heat to achieve the purpose of heating the atmosphere, thereby indirectly affecting the lighting effect.

[0003] As a result, those skilled in the art have achieved a series of significant theoretical and practical results through three research methods: field testing using methods such as lidar remote sensing and sun spectrophotometers, numerical simulation using CFD simulation software (e.g., ANSYS, FDS), and experimental research using models such as precisely controlled fog chambers. Among these, precisely controlled fog chamber testing (a confined space filled with aerosol generated by an atomizer, with a laser transmitter and receiver installed at each end to test the effect of aerosol on illumination attenuation) is one of the primary model test methods for studying illumination attenuation. Existing precisely controlled fog chambers are primarily fully enclosed, with aerosol particles within them following only Brownian motion, diffusion, acceleration, and curvilinear motion, and being largely unaffected by other external conditions. However, under actual operating conditions, a certain amount of natural wind exists within the tunnel, which significantly differs from the operating conditions for which existing test systems are designed.

[0004] Based on this, it is urgent to invent an experimental system and method for simulating the influence of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem addressed by this invention is how to design a model that simulates the effects of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation, using a natural wind field, to reduce the systematic error between the light attenuation calculated during existing model testing and the light attenuation calculated under the actual operating conditions of the simulated tunnel. To address this problem, a test system and method for simulating the effects of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation are provided.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems by providing a test system for simulating the effect of smoke diffusion in tunnels on light attenuation, which includes:

[0007] The tunnel model body comprises at least one supporting frame and tunnel model segments, wherein each two adjacent tunnel model segments in the plurality of segments are connected to each other and mounted on the supporting frame;

[0008] A plurality of lighting assemblies are installed on the corresponding tunnel model segments respectively; the number of the lighting assemblies matches the number of the tunnel model segments;

[0009] The circulation subsystem includes at least one first air supply device, at least one delivery pipe mounted on the support frame and used to mount the first air supply device, and two return flow terminals that form a closed space with the tunnel model segment; wherein the two return flow terminals are respectively assembled to the two ends of the tunnel model segment or the first and the last tunnel model segments;

[0010] The two end openings of the delivery pipe are connected to the enclosed space via the corresponding return end, and the air flow is delivered to the enclosed space through the delivery pipe by the first air supply device so that the wind speed in the enclosed space reaches a specific wind speed value to simulate a natural wind field;

[0011] A pumping subsystem, including sample delivery components, enables precise aerosol delivery.

[0012] In one embodiment, the conveying pipeline includes a first conveying pipeline segment and a second conveying pipeline segment having one end connected to one end of the first conveying pipeline segment, and the other end of the first conveying pipeline segment and the other end of the second conveying pipeline segment are respectively connected to the enclosed space of the tunnel model body via the corresponding return end;

[0013] The sample delivery assembly includes a sample mixing housing, a sample delivery pipe, and a sample pushing pipe capable of accurately delivering aerosol temporarily stored in the inner cavity, and one end of the sample delivery pipe is connected to the sample mixing chamber of the sample mixing housing, and the other end is connected to the second delivery pipe section; the sample pushing pipe and the first delivery pipe section are both connected to the sample mixing chamber of the sample mixing housing;

[0014] The sample pushing pipe pushes the temporarily stored aerosol into the sample mixing chamber, mixes the aerosol with the airflow entering from the first delivery pipe section in the sample mixing chamber, and then delivers the aerosol to the enclosed space through the sample delivery pipe and the second delivery pipe section.

[0015] In one embodiment, the sample delivery assembly further includes a first auxiliary member installed at an opening position of the sample pushing channel close to the sample mixing housing, a sample delivery block movably installed at another opening position of the sample pushing channel, and a stop block provided in the inner cavity of the sample pushing channel;

[0016] The outer diameter of the stop block is equal to the inner diameter of the sample pushing pipe, and a gap is formed between the top of the stop block and the inner wall of the sample pushing pipe;

[0017] The surface of the sample pushing pipe has a scale, and the stop block has an oblique section whose projection pattern on the sample pushing pipe coincides with the starting scale line; the aerosol in the sample pushing pipe is transported into the sample mixing chamber through the notch under the combined action of the suction force of the first auxiliary part and the push of the sample delivery block.

[0018] In one embodiment, a second air supply device is further included, and the second air supply device is installed at the arch portion of the tunnel model section to simulate a local wind field.

[0019] In one embodiment, the airflow in the conveying pipe flows from the end of the tunnel model body close to the pumping subsystem to the other end, and the direction of the airflow in the enclosed space is opposite to the direction of the airflow in the conveying pipe.

[0020] In one embodiment, a monitoring subsystem is further included, and the monitoring subsystem includes a plurality of aerosol concentration monitors for monitoring and measuring aerosol concentration and a wind speed monitor for monitoring and measuring wind speed; each of the aerosol concentration monitors is used in conjunction with each of the wind speed monitors;

[0021] Each of the aerosol concentration monitors and the corresponding wind speed monitor is respectively installed on each of the multiple tunnel model segments between the head tunnel model segment and the tail tunnel model segment.

[0022] In one embodiment, a laser transceiver subsystem is further included, and the laser transceiver subsystem includes a laser transmitter for emitting a laser beam and a laser receiver for receiving and displaying the intensity of the laser beam.

[0023] In one embodiment, both sides of the first air supply device have grooves for embedding the ends of each of the two adjacent tunnel model segments to ensure air tightness.

[0024] In one embodiment, the tunnel model section, the delivery pipeline, the sample mixing shell and the sample delivery pipeline are all made of light-proof materials.

[0025] In one embodiment, a method for applying the aforementioned test system for simulating the effect of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate is provided, wherein a fixed amount of aerosol in the sample delivery assembly is delivered into the enclosed space to simulate smoke conditions similar to those during actual tunnel operation to be simulated;

[0026] Using the plurality of first air supply devices, the specific wind speed value in the enclosed space is made equal to the wind speed value of the natural wind field to be simulated, and the wind flow direction in the enclosed space is the same as the wind flow direction in the natural wind field to be simulated;

[0027] Calculating the light attenuation rate of one test by using the initial laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver and the laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver under the simulated natural wind field conditions;

[0028] The wind field in the enclosed space is readjusted to a wind field similar to the natural wind field in the first test by using multiple first air supply devices, and the measured values under the corresponding test conditions in the enclosed space are calculated. After repeating the above steps multiple times, the light attenuation rates corresponding to multiple tests are calculated respectively.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a first air supply device generates a wind flow with the same wind speed and direction as the actual operating wind speed in the tunnel to be simulated to simulate a natural wind field, and a sample delivery component is used to quantitatively release aerosols into the enclosed space of the tunnel model body to simulate smoke conditions, and the light attenuation rate is calculated by the initial laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver and the laser beam intensity under the simulated actual operating conditions of the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is a flow diagram of a test system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This invention Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of the first air supply device;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a part of the test system in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the junction of adjacent tunnel model segments;

[0035] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Sectional view about section line AA;

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the pumping subsystem and the circulation subsystem in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This invention Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the sample mixing housing and sample delivery assembly;

[0038] Figure 9 1. A structural diagram of a tunnel model segment (specifically, the fourth or eighth tunnel model segment along the length direction of the tunnel model body starting from one end close to the pumping subsystem) in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the sixth tunnel model section along the length direction of the tunnel model body starting from one end close to the pumping subsystem in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 11 is a layout diagram of an aerosol concentration monitor and a wind speed monitor in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 12 1 is an exploded view of a laser transmitter according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Reference numerals: 1, test system; 10, tunnel model body; 100, support frame; 101, tunnel model segment;

[0043] 2. Lighting assembly; 3. Circulation subsystem; 30. First air supply device; 300. Groove; 31. Delivery duct; 310. First delivery duct segment; 3100. Delivery duct segment; 311. Second delivery duct segment; 3110. Delivery duct segment; 32. Return terminal; 33. Confined space; 34. Second air supply device; 35. Second air supply device bracket;

[0044] 4. Pumping subsystem; 40. Sample delivery assembly; 400. Sample mixing housing; 4000. Sample mixing chamber; 401. Sample pushing pipe; 402. Sample delivery pipe; 403. Pressure stabilizing pipe; 404. First auxiliary component; 405. Stop block; 406. Sample delivery block; 407. Notch; 408. Second auxiliary component;

[0045] 5. Monitoring subsystem; 50. Aerosol concentration monitor; 51. Wind speed monitor;

[0046] 6. Laser transceiver subsystem; 60. Laser receiver; 61. Laser transmitter; 62. Laser receiver bracket; 63. Sleeve; 64. Fastener; 65. Screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0048] The present invention provides a model test system 1 for simulating the influence of smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate in a highway tunnel. The system is used to solve the problem that the working conditions of the existing model test system 1 are not completely consistent with the working conditions inside the tunnel during actual operation to be simulated due to the difference between the wind field conditions in the existing model test system 1 (which only has a natural wind field) and the wind field conditions inside the tunnel during actual operation to be simulated (which has a natural wind field and a local wind field), resulting in a large systematic error between the numerical value of the light attenuation rate under the simulated working conditions and the numerical value of the light attenuation rate under the actual working conditions on site.

[0049] An experimental system 1 for simulating a model of the influence of tunnel smoke diffusion on light attenuation rate includes a tunnel model body 10, a lighting component 2, a circulation subsystem 3 and a pumping subsystem 4. Under the conditions of simulating the light environment by the lighting component 2 and simulating the wind field by the circulation subsystem 3, a quantitative aerosol in the pumping subsystem 4 is released into the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 under the combined action of the pumping of the pumping subsystem 4 and the wind flow wrapping of the circulation subsystem 3 to simulate the smoke conditions in the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated. Then, the light attenuation rate is calculated based on the initial laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver and the laser beam intensity received under the working conditions in the tunnel during the simulated actual operation of the tunnel.

[0050] Implementation Method 1

[0051] refer to Figure 1-Figure 3The tunnel model body 10 includes at least one tunnel model segment 101 and multiple support frames 100 for mounting other components within the test system 1 and maintaining the substantial portion of the test system 1 suspended. Although a tunnel model corresponding to a single tunnel model segment 101 exhibits superior airtightness (compared to a tunnel model composed of multiple tunnel model segments 101), considering the transportation issues associated with a single tunnel model segment 101 (which is excessively long), in this embodiment, the tunnel model includes multiple tunnel model segments 101. Based on experience, the number of tunnel model segments 101 can be 10 (i.e., the tunnel model has a length of 10 meters). Of course, in other embodiments, the number of tunnel model segments 101 can be other numbers. Conversely, the number of support frames 100 can be 9.

[0052] In order to ensure the airtightness of the test system, refer to Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 Each two adjacent tunnel model segments 101 in the multiple segments are connected and installed on the support frame 100. Specifically, each support frame 100 has a mounting hole, and the two connected tunnel model segments 101 are installed on the support frame 100 in a manner that the protruding parts formed by the connection of the two tunnel model segments 101 are embedded in the groove of the wall of the mounting hole.

[0053] Multiple lighting assemblies 2 are used to simulate the experimental lighting conditions. Each lighting assembly 2 is installed on a corresponding tunnel model segment 101. To simulate a lighting environment similar to that experienced during actual tunnel operation (specifically, ensuring sufficient illumination and uniformity), the number of lighting assemblies 2 matches or is equal to the number of tunnel model segments 101. In other words, multiple lighting assemblies 2 are independently installed on corresponding tunnel model segments 101. This allows for the replacement of any lighting assembly 2, without requiring replacement of all lighting assemblies 2, should it malfunction.

[0054] The circulation subsystem 3 includes at least one first air supply device 30, at least one delivery duct 31 mounted on the support frame 100 and used to mount the first air supply device 30, and two return flow terminals 32 that enclose a closed space 33 with the tunnel model segment 101; wherein the two return flow terminals 32 are respectively assembled to the two ends of the tunnel model segment 101 or the first tunnel model segment 101 and the rear tunnel model segment 101. In this specific embodiment, the circulation subsystem 3 includes two terminals that are respectively assembled to the first tunnel model segment 101 and the rear tunnel model segment 101 and are connected to the support frame 100 so that the airflow generated by the first air supply device 30 flows through the delivery duct 31 and the return flow terminals 32 to the closed space 33 and simulates a natural wind field within the closed space 33 of the tunnel model. It can be understood that the airflow in the delivery pipe 31 flows from the end of the tunnel model body 10 close to the pumping subsystem 40 to the other end, and under the action of the return flow terminal 32, the airflow direction in the enclosed space 33 is opposite to the airflow direction in the delivery pipe 31. Specifically, in this specific embodiment, the number of delivery pipes 31 is two. Preferably, the shape of the return flow terminal 32 can be a half bowl shape. In order to simulate the natural wind field under actual operating conditions in the tunnel through the airflow generated by the first air supply device 30, and at the same time ensure the air circulation in the enclosed chamber of the test system, the first air supply device 30 can be a return flow fan.

[0055] The openings at both ends of the delivery duct 31 are connected to the enclosed space 33 via corresponding return flow terminals 32, and the airflow is delivered to the enclosed space 33 through the delivery duct 31 by the first air supply device 30, so that the wind speed in the enclosed space 33 reaches a specific wind speed value to simulate a natural wind field. In this specific embodiment, the openings at both ends of the two delivery ducts 31 are connected to the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 via corresponding return flow terminals 32, and multiple return flow fans continuously deliver the airflow generated by themselves to the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 through corresponding delivery ducts 31 until the wind speed in the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 reaches a specific wind speed value to simulate a natural wind field. It should be noted that the specific wind speed value here is the wind speed value of the natural wind field to be simulated.

[0056] Further, continue to refer to Figure 3 The two sides of the first air supply device 30 have grooves 300 for embedding each two adjacent tunnel model sections 101 to ensure the air tightness between each two adjacent tunnel model sections 101. Obviously, this connection method between the first air supply device 30 and each two adjacent tunnel model sections 101 is also convenient for replacing the first air supply device 30.

[0057] The pumping subsystem 4 includes a sample delivery component 40 that can accurately deliver aerosols. In the process of simulating the environment inside the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated, the specific ratio of aerosol delivered by the sample delivery component 40 flows into the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 under the wrapping of the wind flow generated by the first air supply device 30, so as to simulate the smoke and dust conditions inside the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated.

[0058] In one embodiment, the delivery pipe 31 includes a first delivery pipe section 310 and a second delivery pipe section 311 connected to the first delivery pipe section 310. The other ends of the first delivery pipe section 310 and the other ends of the second delivery pipe section 311 are connected to the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 via corresponding return flow terminals 32. Specifically, the first delivery pipe section 310 and the second delivery pipe section 311 are each formed by sequentially connecting multiple delivery pipe segments (3100, 3110), and the first air supply device 30 is installed at the connection point between adjacent delivery pipe segments (3100, 3110). In this specific embodiment, the number of delivery pipe segments (3100, 3110) can be five, and the number of return flow fans can be four accordingly. Taking into account the flow direction of the fluid (the fluid here includes wind flow and a mixed fluid formed by aerosol and wind flow) in the confined space 33 of the tunnel model body 10, in order to make the mixed fluid formed by aerosol and wind flow flow through as many conveying pipe segments (3100, 3110) as possible, the first conveying pipe segment 310 corresponds to one conveying pipe segment (3100, 3110), and the second conveying pipe segment 311 corresponds to four conveying pipe segments (3100, 3110).

[0059] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The sample delivery assembly 40 includes a sample mixing housing 400, a sample delivery pipe 402, and a sample push pipe 401 capable of accurately transporting aerosols temporarily stored within its internal cavity. One end of the sample delivery pipe 402 is connected to the sample mixing chamber 4000 of the sample mixing housing 400, and the other end is connected to the second delivery pipe section 311. The sample push pipe 401 and the first delivery pipe section 310 are both connected to the sample mixing chamber 4000 within the sample mixing housing 400. Obviously, the first delivery pipe section 310 and the second delivery pipe section 311 are located on either side of the sample delivery pipe 402. In this specific embodiment, the aerosol pushed from the sample push pipe 401 and the airflow delivered from the first delivery pipe section 310 are mixed within the sample mixing chamber 4000 of the sample mixing housing 400, and then transported to the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 via the sample delivery pipe 402 to simulate the smoke and dust conditions within the tunnel during actual operation.

[0060] Optionally, in this embodiment, the sample delivery assembly 40 may further include a pressure-stabilizing pipe 403, whose ends are connected to the first delivery pipe section 310 and the sample mixing chamber 4000 of the sample mixing housing 400, respectively. This allows airflow within the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 to be delivered to the sample mixing chamber 4000 of the sample mixing housing 400, thereby balancing the air pressure in the sample mixing chamber 4000. Of course, in other embodiments, the pressure-stabilizing pipe 403 may be omitted.

[0061] It should be noted that, to ensure that the tunnel model material of test system 1 matches the actual material of the tunnel being simulated, tunnel model segment 101, sample casing 400 of conveying pipe 31, sample delivery pipe 402, and pressure-stabilizing pipe 403 are all constructed from light-proof materials. Specifically, tunnel model segment 101 can be constructed from precast concrete; in other words, tunnel model segment 101 is a thin concrete shell.

[0062] In one embodiment, the sample delivery assembly 40 further includes a first auxiliary component 404 mounted at an opening of the sample pushing channel 401 near the sample mixing housing 400 and configured to aspirate aerosol within the lumen of the sample pushing channel 401, a sample delivery block 406 movably mounted at another opening of the sample pushing channel 401, and a stopper 405 disposed within the lumen of the sample pushing channel 401. In this embodiment, the first auxiliary component 404 may be a sample suction fan.

[0063] In this embodiment, the sample-pushing conduit 401 can be cylindrical, and correspondingly, the stopper 405 can be a cylindrical wedge-shaped block. The outer diameter of the stopper 405 is equal to the inner diameter of the sample-pushing conduit 401, and a notch 407 is formed between the top of the stopper 405 and the inner wall of the sample-pushing conduit 401. This allows aerosol located between the sample delivery block 406 and the stopper 405 in the lumen of the sample-pushing conduit 401 to flow through the notch 407 to the other side of the stopper 405 in the lumen of the sample-pushing conduit 401. To ensure that a fixed amount of aerosol is delivered to the sample mixing chamber 4000 during the initial test, the surface of the sample-pushing conduit 401 is graduated, and the stopper 405 has an oblique surface whose projection on the sample-pushing conduit 401 coincides with the starting scale line (or, in other words, the zero scale line). Obviously, the sample delivery block 406 also has an oblique surface that matches the oblique surface on the stopper 405.

[0064] Under the combined action of the suction force of the first auxiliary component 404 and the push of the sample delivery block 406, a specific volume of aerosol within the sample pushing conduit 401 is transported through the notch 407 into the sample mixing chamber 4000. At this point, when the sample delivery block 406 moves from its original position to its final position, the oblique cut surface of the sample delivery block 406 aligns with the oblique cut surface of the stop block 405. If the aerosol temporarily stored between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the lumen of the sample pushing conduit 401 fills the aforementioned area (i.e., between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the lumen of the sample pushing conduit 401), the volume of aerosol delivered into the sample mixing chamber 4000 is the volume between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the lumen of the sample pushing conduit 401. It should be noted that the dimensions of the sample pushing conduit 401 (e.g., the length and radius of the sample pushing conduit 401) are determined by the volume of aerosol to be delivered into the sample mixing chamber 4000.

[0065] More specifically, a second auxiliary component 408 may be installed at the bottom of the sample mixing housing 400 to cooperate with the suction force of the first auxiliary component 404 and the propulsion force of the sample delivery block 406 to deliver a specific volume of aerosol into the sample mixing chamber 4000. Of course, in other specific embodiments, the second auxiliary component 408 may be omitted.

[0066] In one embodiment, a second air supply device 34 is further included, and the second air supply device 34 is installed at the arched portion of the tunnel model section 101 through a second air supply device bracket 35 to simulate a local wind field, so as to simulate a composite working condition with both a natural wind field and a local wind field, so that the wind field conditions of the enclosed space 33 within the tunnel model body 10 are closer to the wind field conditions in the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated, thereby reducing the systematic error between the light attenuation rate data calculated under the simulated working condition and the light attenuation rate data calculated under the actual on-site measurement condition.

[0067] In one embodiment, reference Figure 9 and Figure 10 , also includes a monitoring subsystem 5, and the monitoring subsystem 5 includes multiple aerosol concentration monitors 50 for monitoring and measuring aerosol concentration and wind speed monitors 51 for monitoring and measuring wind speed values; each of the aerosol concentration monitors 50 is used in conjunction with each of the wind speed monitors 51.

[0068] refer to Figure 11 Each aerosol concentration monitor 50 and the corresponding wind speed monitor 51 are respectively installed on each tunnel model segment 101 of the multiple tunnel model segments 101 between the head tunnel model segment 101 and the tail tunnel model segment 101, and the number of aerosol concentration monitors 50 and wind speed monitors 51 are equal and symmetrically arranged.

[0069] In one embodiment, if Figure 12 As shown, the laser transceiver subsystem 6 is also included, and the laser transceiver subsystem 6 includes multiple laser emitters 61 for emitting laser beams and multiple laser receivers 60 for receiving laser beams. In order to prevent the laser receivers 60 and laser emitters 61 from shifting during the test, the laser transceiver subsystem 6 also includes a laser receiver bracket 62, a sleeve 63, a clamp 64, and a screw 65. After the laser receiver 60 is enclosed in the sleeve 63 via the clamp 64 and tightened with the screw 65, the assembly formed by the sleeve 63, laser receiver 60, clamp 64, and screw 65 is then mounted on the laser receiver bracket 62. It should be noted that the installation method of the laser emitter 61 is the same as that of the laser receiver 60 and will not be repeated here.

[0070] Implementation Method 2

[0071] The working process of the test system 1 is described in detail below:

[0072] (1) According to the wind field conditions, light environment conditions and smoke conditions in the tunnel to be simulated during actual operation, determine the type of wind field (for example, a working condition with only natural wind field or a composite working condition with both natural wind field and local wind field), wind field wind speed value, illumination angle, light intensity, aerosol ratio, concentration and volume, etc.;

[0073] (2) Before the test begins, assemble the physical part of the test system 1 in a flat, open area, and check the components within the test system 1 to ensure that they are functioning properly (particularly, the lighting assembly 2, monitoring subsystem, and laser transceiver subsystem 6 must be securely fixed to prevent them from shifting during the test). Furthermore, the airtightness of the physical part of the test system 1 must be checked to ensure it is fully enclosed.

[0074] (3) According to the aerosol concentration determined in step (1), the aerosol sample to be released into the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 is prepared. The specific operation process of the aerosol sample preparation is to extract the air sample in the tunnel during the actual operation of the tunnel, measure the content of the particulate matter in the air sample and the particle size distribution range of different particulate matter by filter membrane weighing method, and then analyze the chemical composition of the air sample by synchronous X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It should be noted that the following factors should also be fully considered in the process of preparing the aerosol sample: compound NO x , SO2 and particulate matter PM (e.g., PM 2.5 , PM 10 ) has an impact on the light attenuation rate, among which the impact of fine particles and ultrafine particles is the most significant. Specifically, PM 0.5 The mass of particulate matter accounts for 56% of the total mass of aerosol particulate matter, PM 2.5~PM 10 The mass of particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or larger accounts for 12% of the total mass of aerosol particles, while the concentration of particles with a diameter of more than 2.5 μm is relatively low.

[0075] Exemplarily, the chemical components of the aerosol to be released into the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 mainly include Fe, Ba, Cu, Zn, Sb, Sn (generated by tire and brake wear), Ca, Al, K, Sr and Ti (generated by road smoke).

[0076] (4) Simultaneously start multiple return flow fans until the wind speed value v of each wind speed monitor 51 is equal to the wind speed value in the tunnel during actual operation to be simulated, the wind flow direction is the same, and a stable natural wind field is formed. Then, a specific volume of aerosol sample is filled into the area between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the sample pushing pipe 401, and the projection pattern of the sample delivery block 406 on the sample pushing pipe 401 coincides with the V1 scale line of the sample pushing pipe 401. V1 satisfies:

[0077] V1=V0-V·ρ0

[0078] Wherein: V1 is the volume of the remaining gas below the extended surface of the top surface of the stop block 405 in the area between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the sample pushing pipe 401 after the mixed gas (mixed gas is a mixture of aerosol and air) is released into the sample mixing chamber 4000 of the sample mixing housing 400 in the first test process; V0 is the volume of the mixed gas below the extended surface of the top surface of the stop block 405 in the area between the stop block 405 and the sample delivery block 406 in the sample pushing pipe 401 after the aerosol is released into the sample pushing pipe 401 in the first test process; V is the gas volume in the closed chamber of the test system 1 (referring to the above, the test system 1 is in a fully enclosed state); ρ0 is the design concentration of the aerosol;

[0079] (5) During each test, the angle θ between multiple groups of laser beams and the receiving surface of the laser receiver and the laser intensity I received by the laser receiver were recorded, and the light attenuation rate α was calculated using the following formula. It should be noted that the time interval between recording two adjacent groups of the above physical quantity values is 30 seconds;

[0080]

[0081] Where: α is the light attenuation rate; d is the horizontal distance between the laser transmitter and the laser receiver; θ is the angle between the laser beam and the receiving surface of the laser receiver; I0 is the laser intensity received by the laser receiver under the initial working conditions; I is the laser intensity received by the laser receiver under the actual operating conditions of the simulated tunnel;

[0082] (6) Adjust the wind speed value in the enclosed space 33 of the tunnel model body 10 by using the plurality of first air supply devices 30, and repeat steps (2) to (5) during the next test according to the aforementioned test requirements until the last test is completed. It should be noted that before the next test, it is necessary not only to clean the aerosol particles adhering to the various components in the test system 1, but also to restore the aerosol concentration in the enclosed chamber of the test system 1 to the state before the first test.

[0083] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be accurately and easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A test system for simulating the effect of smoke diffusion in tunnels on light attenuation, characterized in that: include: The tunnel model body comprises at least one supporting frame and tunnel model segments, wherein each two adjacent tunnel model segments in the plurality of segments are connected to each other and mounted on the corresponding supporting frame; A plurality of lighting assemblies are installed on the tunnel model segments at intervals or on corresponding tunnel model segments; The circulation subsystem includes at least one first air supply device, at least one delivery pipe mounted on the support frame and used to mount the first air supply device, and two return flow terminals that form a closed space with the tunnel model segment; wherein the two return flow terminals are respectively assembled to the two ends of the tunnel model segment or the first and the last tunnel model segments; The two end openings of the delivery pipe are connected to the enclosed space via the corresponding return end, and the air flow is delivered to the enclosed space through the delivery pipe by the first air supply device, so that the wind speed in the enclosed space is a specific wind speed value to simulate a natural wind field; a pumping subsystem including a sample delivery component capable of quantitatively delivering aerosol; The conveying pipeline includes a first conveying pipeline section and a second conveying pipeline section whose one end is connected to one end of the first conveying pipeline section, and the other end of the first conveying pipeline section and the other end of the second conveying pipeline section are respectively connected to the enclosed space of the tunnel model body via the corresponding return end; The sample delivery assembly includes a sample mixing housing, a sample delivery pipe, and a sample pushing pipe capable of quantitatively delivering aerosol temporarily stored in the inner cavity, and one end of the sample delivery pipe is connected to the sample mixing chamber of the sample mixing housing, and the other end is connected to the second delivery pipe section; the sample pushing pipe and the first delivery pipe section are both connected to the sample mixing chamber of the sample mixing housing; The sample pushing pipe pushes the temporarily stored aerosol into the sample mixing chamber, mixes the aerosol with the airflow entering from the first delivery pipe section in the sample mixing chamber, and then delivers the aerosol into the enclosed space through the sample delivery pipe and the second delivery pipe section; The airflow in the conveying pipe flows from the end of the tunnel model body close to the pumping subsystem to the other end, and the flow direction of the airflow in the enclosed space is opposite to that of the airflow in the conveying pipe.

2. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that The sample delivery assembly further includes a first auxiliary component installed at an opening position of the sample pushing channel close to the sample mixing housing, a sample delivery block movably installed at another opening position of the sample pushing channel, and a stop block arranged in the inner cavity of the sample pushing channel; The outer diameter of the stop block is equal to the inner diameter of the sample pushing pipe, and a gap is formed between the top of the stop block and the inner wall of the sample pushing pipe; The surface of the sample pushing pipe has a scale, and the stop block has an oblique section whose projection pattern on the sample pushing pipe coincides with the starting scale line; the aerosol in the sample pushing pipe is transported into the sample mixing chamber through the notch under the combined action of the suction force of the first auxiliary part and the push of the sample delivery block.

3. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that A second air supply device is also included, and the second air supply device is installed at the arch portion of the tunnel model section to simulate a local wind field.

4. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that The system further includes a monitoring subsystem, wherein the monitoring subsystem includes a plurality of aerosol concentration monitors for monitoring and measuring aerosol concentration and a wind speed monitor for monitoring and measuring wind speed; each of the aerosol concentration monitors is used in conjunction with each of the wind speed monitors; Each of the aerosol concentration monitors and the corresponding wind speed monitor is respectively installed on each of the multiple tunnel model segments between the head tunnel model segment and the tail tunnel model segment.

5. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a laser transceiver subsystem, and the laser transceiver subsystem includes a laser transmitter for transmitting a laser beam and a laser receiver for receiving and displaying the intensity value of the laser beam.

6. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that Both sides of the first air supply device are respectively provided with grooves for embedding the ends of each two adjacent tunnel model sections to ensure air tightness.

7. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel model section, the conveying pipeline, the sample mixing shell and the sample delivery pipeline are all made of light-proof materials.

8. A test method for simulating the effect of smoke diffusion in tunnels on light attenuation, characterized in that: A test system according to any one of claims 1 to 7: delivering a fixed amount of aerosol in the sample delivery assembly into the confined space to simulate smoke and dust conditions similar to those during actual operation of the tunnel to be simulated; Using the plurality of first air supply devices, the specific wind speed value in the enclosed space is made equal to the wind speed value of the natural wind field to be simulated, and the wind flow direction in the enclosed space is the same as the wind flow direction in the natural wind field to be simulated; Calculating the light attenuation rate of one test by using the initial laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver and the laser beam intensity received by the laser receiver under the simulated natural wind field conditions; The wind field in the enclosed space is readjusted to a wind field similar to the natural wind field in the first test by using multiple first air supply devices, and the measured values under the corresponding test conditions in the enclosed space are calculated. After repeating the above steps multiple times, the light attenuation rates corresponding to multiple tests are calculated respectively.

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