Caisson device and method for blocking and restoring dam breach

Abstract

The invention relates to a caisson device and method for blocking and restoring a dam breach. The caisson main body is made of rigid or plastic materials, the valve and the exhaust hole are designed on the caisson main body, water can conveniently enter the caisson body, the caisson main body can conveniently sink, the designed lifting lugs can conveniently fix the caisson main body, and the caisson main body is pushed or rolled to sink into the river bottom at the dam breach. And the sinking box bodies which are mutually pulled and anchored are formed to block the dam breach. According to the caisson device, the caisson body is fixed at the breach through mutual cooperation of the rope and the U-shaped buckle, then a valve arranged on the caisson body is opened to automatically fill water into the caisson body, the caisson sinks at the breach to form a continuous water wall resisting impact and blocking water flow, the overall structure is stable, the impact resistance is high, and the service life is long. Therefore, the purpose of quickly and successfully blocking the dam entrance is achieved. Wherein water is used as a filler, the use of earth and stone is reduced, and manpower, material resources and financial resources are saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of dam breach repair, and in particular to a caisson device and method for repairing a dam breach. Background Art

[0002] At present, the existing dam breach blocking technologies adopt flat blocking, vertical blocking or flat and vertical mixed blocking methods. In actual blocking, willow straw, stone, soil or new materials geotextiles, geobags and other materials are mostly used for blocking according to the flood control materials on site or in reserve. However, these materials are difficult to organize in place due to reasons such as muddy roads due to rainy weather or blocked roads due to breach of the dam. Therefore, the dam breach cannot be blocked or failed to be blocked in time, resulting in missed opportunity to block the dam mouth or causing the mouth to expand, which often causes heavy property losses and casualties in the disaster area. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses a caisson device and method for plugging and repairing a dam breach. The technical solution adopted is that the caisson device for plugging and repairing a dam breach comprises a caisson body, valves are installed at the lower part of both end surfaces of the caisson body, the valves are provided with extended handles, the caisson body is fixedly connected with lifting ears around, an exhaust hole is opened at the top, and a sealing cover is closed on the exhaust hole. The valve can be a ball valve, a gate valve, a self-closing valve, etc.

[0004] As a preferred solution of the present invention, according to different situations, the caisson body can be designed as a cuboid, a cube, a cylinder or an ellipsoid, etc., and can be made of rigid material or plastic material. The size of the caisson body can be designed as needed.

[0005] A method for repairing a dam breach using the caisson device is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Wrap the broken embankment heads at both ends of the breach; Step 2: Prepare the caisson body, towing boat, anchor pile, bottom hook rope, pulling rope, and put rescue personnel and equipment in place; Step 3: Fix the towing boat 15-80 meters in front of the breach, with the bow of the towing boat facing upstream and the side facing the breach, and fix the towing boat with a ground anchor; Step 4: Use one of the horizontal blocking method and vertical blocking method to block the breach with caisson according to the prepared materials, water depth at the breach, and the conditions of the dikes and roads on both sides of the breach; Step 5: With the deployment and plugging of the caisson, the breach is continuously reduced and the flow velocity at the breach is continuously increased. After the caisson is plugged, at the last breach where the flow velocity is large and it is difficult to build the caisson, the impact-resistant body is used to push and throw the filling into the breach to complete the plugging of the composite dragon; Step 6: Use fillers to fill the gaps between the caisson bodies to complete the leak-proofing and air-sealing process; Step 7: Fill and compact the breach in the dam, restore the cross section of the dam, and complete the work of blocking the breach in the dam.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wrapping method described in step one is to wrap the broken dike head with geotextile for protection, or one or more of geotextile bags, long tube bags, gabions, and earthfill bags can be used to backfill and pile up at the broken dike head for protection.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the bottom hook rope and the pulling rope are steel wire ropes, and hemp ropes, palm ropes, etc. can also be used according to the flow rate and the size of the box.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the steps of the flat plugging method in step 4 are as follows: Step 1: Use anchor piles to pull and fix the bottom hook rope on the embankments on both sides of the breach, select a rectangular caisson body, connect the caisson body to the bottom hook rope through the lifting lug, and use the pulling rope to pull the caisson body to put it into the breach. Pull the pulling rope on the upstream side of the caisson body to fix it on the towing boat, and pull and fix the end of the caisson body on the embankments on both sides of the breach through the pulling rope and anchor piles, and complete the first caisson body placement; Step 2: according to the method of step 1, the caisson bodies are placed in sequence to block the breach, and two adjacent caisson bodies are fixedly connected to the corresponding lifting ears with U-shaped buckles, so that all the caisson bodies are fixed in series in sequence to form a whole, until a continuous floating caisson is formed between the dam sections on both sides of the breach; Step 3: Open the valves at both ends of each caisson body one by one from the downstream side of the breach, and open the exhaust hole on the top of the caisson body to allow water to enter the caisson body and sink. When the top of the caisson body is no more than 0.5 meters above the water surface, close the valve through the extended handle on the valve, and the caisson body stops sinking; Step 4: Repeat the steps 1 to 3 to place the caisson bodies repeatedly, so that the caisson bodies form a continuous arrangement of multiple layers of floating caissons at the breach, and the adjacent caisson bodies are fixedly connected with U-shaped buckles until the bottom caisson body sinks to the bottom and the upper caisson body is more than 1 meter above the water surface;

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the blocking method described in step 4 uses a cylindrical or ellipsoidal caisson body, which is carried out simultaneously from one bank or both banks of the breach, and stacks the caisson bodies one section after another. The caisson bodies are pulled and fixed by towing boats, anchor piles, bottom hook ropes, and pulling ropes. The caisson bodies are sunk by opening valves, and the caisson bodies are fixedly connected by U-shaped buckles until they are more than 1 meter above the water surface, completing the construction of a caisson column structure. The caisson column structures are arranged in sequence and built in the river until the breach is blocked by the caisson column structure.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impact-resistant body in step five includes large-volume gabions, large-volume geotextile bags, linked geotextile bags, mesh bags, etc.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filling material in step six includes geotextile, soil and gravel.

[0012] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention utilizes a caisson body made of rigid or plastic material, and is designed with valves and exhaust holes on the caisson body, which facilitates water to enter the interior of the box body and facilitates the sinking of the caisson body. The designed lifting lugs facilitate the fixing of the caisson body, and the caisson body is pushed or rolled to the bottom of the river at the breach of the dam, forming caisson bodies that are mutually pulled and anchored to block the breach of the dam. The caisson device fixes the caisson body at the breach through the cooperation of ropes and U-shaped buckles, and then opens the valves set on the caisson body to fill the caisson body with water, so that the caisson sinks at the breach to form a continuous water wall that resists and blocks the water flow. The overall structure is stable and has strong impact resistance, thereby achieving the purpose of quickly and successfully blocking the mouth of the dam. Water is used as filler to reduce the use of earth and stone materials, saving manpower, material resources and financial resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the caisson of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the caisson of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a caisson arrangement method for blocking and repairing a dam breach according to the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the second arrangement method of caissons for blocking and repairing dam breaches according to the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1 caisson body, 2 lifting lugs, 3 valves, 4 exhaust holes, 5 towing boats, 6 anchor piles, 7 bottom hook ropes, 8 pulling ropes, and 9 dams. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Example 1

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a caisson device for repairing a breach of a dam of the present invention has valves 3 installed at the lower part of both end surfaces of the caisson body 1, the valve 3 is provided with an extended handle, the caisson body 1 is fixedly connected with lifting ears 2 around, an exhaust hole 4 is opened on the top, and a sealing cover is closed on the exhaust hole 4. The valve 3 can be a ball valve, a gate valve, a self-closing valve, etc.

[0020] The caisson body 1 is designed as a cuboid or a cube, and can be made of rigid material or plastic material. The size of the caisson body can be designed as needed, and is generally set to a cuboid with dimensions of 5.0 meters in length, 3.0 meters in width, and 2.0 meters in height, or a cuboid with dimensions of 3.0 meters in length, 2.0 meters in width, and 1.0 meter in height (or 2.0 meters), or a cube with dimensions of 2.0 meters in length, 2.0 meters in width, and 2.0 meters in height.

[0021] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a method for repairing a dam breach using the above caisson device is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Wrap the broken dike heads at both ends of the breach; the wrapping method is to wrap the broken dike heads with geotextiles for protection, or one or more of geotextile bags, long tube bags, gabions, and earth-filled bags can be used to backfill and pile up at the broken dike heads for protection; Step 2: Prepare the caisson body 1, the towing boat 5, the anchor pile 6, the bottom hook rope 7, the pulling rope 8, and the rescue personnel and equipment are in place. The bottom hook rope 7 and the pulling rope 8 are made of steel wire ropes. Depending on the flow rate and the size of the box, hemp ropes, palm ropes, etc. can also be used; Step 3: Fix the towing boat 5 30-100 meters in front of the breach, with the bow of the towing boat 5 facing upstream and the side facing the breach, and fix the towing boat 5 with a ground anchor; Step 4: Make a judgment based on the prepared materials, water depth at the breach, and the conditions of the embankment roads on both sides of the breach. If the breach is long, the water depth is shallow, the flow is slow, and there is sufficient material for blocking on site, the flat blocking method is used. The steps of the flat blocking method are as follows: Step 1, use anchor piles 6 to pull and fix the bottom hook rope 7 on the embankments 9 on both sides of the breach, select a rectangular caisson body 1, connect the caisson body 1 to the bottom hook rope 7 through the lifting lug 2, and use the pulling rope 8 to pull the caisson body 1 to put it into the breach, and pull the pulling rope 8 on the upstream side of the caisson body 1 to fix it on the towing ship 5. If there is no towing ship 5, the pulling rope 8 can also be directly fixed to the corresponding position with the anchor piles 6. The ends of the caisson body 1 are pulled and fixed on the embankments 9 on both sides of the breach by the pulling rope 8 and the anchor piles 6, and the first caisson body 1 is put; Step 2, according to the delivery method of step 1, the caisson bodies 1 are delivered in sequence to block the breach, and two adjacent caisson bodies 1 are fixedly connected to the corresponding lifting ears 2 with U-shaped buckles, so that all the caisson bodies 1 are sequentially connected and fixed in series to form a whole, until a continuous floating caisson is formed between the sections of the dam 9 on both sides of the breach; Step 3, open the valves 3 at both ends of each caisson body 1 one by one from the downstream side of the breach, and open the exhaust hole 4 at the top of the caisson body 1, so that water can enter the caisson body 1 and it can sink. When the top of the caisson body 1 is no higher than 0.5 meters above the water surface, close the valve 3 through the extended handle on the valve 3, and the caisson body 1 stops sinking; Step 4, according to step 1 to step 3, repeatedly put the caisson body 1, so that the caisson body 1 forms a multi-layer floating caisson arranged continuously at the breach, and the adjacent caisson bodies 1 are fixedly connected with U-shaped buckles until the bottom caisson body 1 sinks to the bottom and the upper caisson body 1 is more than 1 meter above the water surface; Step 5: With the deployment and plugging of caissons, the breach is shrinking and the flow velocity at the breach is increasing. After the caisson is plugged, at the last breach where the flow velocity is high and it is difficult to build a caisson, large-volume gabions, large-volume geotextile bags, linked geotextile bags, mesh bags, etc. are used as impact-resistant bodies to push and throw into the breach to complete the plugging of the composite dragon; Step 6: Use geotextile, quilt, soil, gravel and other filling materials to fill the gaps between the caisson bodies 1 to reduce the flow rate, complete the leak-proofing and air-sealing, thereby increasing the stability and impact resistance of the overall structure of the caisson; Step 7: Fill and tamp the breach of the dam 9 to restore the cross section of the dam 9 and complete the work of plugging the breach of the dam.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, a caisson device for repairing a dam breach of the present invention has valves 3 installed at the lower part of the two end surfaces of the caisson body 1, and the valve 3 is provided with an extended handle. The caisson body 1 is fixedly connected with lifting ears 2 on all sides, and an exhaust hole 4 is opened on the top, and the exhaust hole 4 is covered with a sealing cover.

[0024] The caisson body 1 is a cylinder or an ellipsoid, and can be made of rigid material or plastic material. The size of the caisson body can be designed as needed. Generally, the length of the ellipsoidal caisson body 1 is 3.0 meters, the major axis (width) is 1.5 meters (or 1.2 meters), the minor axis (height) is 1.0 meter (or 0.8 meter), or the major axis (width) is 2.0 meters, the minor axis (height) is 1.0 meter (or 0.8 meter), the cylindrical caisson body 1 is 3.0 meters long and has a radius of 0.75 meters, or has a length of 2.0 meters and a radius of 0.5 meters.

[0025] A method for repairing a dam breach using the caisson device is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Wrap the broken dike heads at both ends of the breach; the wrapping method is to wrap the broken dike heads with geotextiles for protection, or one or more of geotextile bags, long tube bags, gabions, and earth-filled bags can be used to backfill and pile up at the broken dike heads for protection; Step 2: Prepare the caisson body 1, the towing boat 5, the anchor pile 6, the bottom hook rope 7, the pulling rope 8, and the rescue personnel and equipment are in place. The bottom hook rope 7 and the pulling rope 8 are made of steel wire ropes. Depending on the flow rate and the size of the box, hemp ropes, palm ropes, etc. can also be used; Step 3: Fix the towing boat 5 30-100 meters in front of the breach, with the bow of the towing boat 5 facing upstream and the side facing the breach, and fix the towing boat 5 with a ground anchor; Step 4: Make a judgment based on the prepared materials, water depth at the breach, and the conditions of the embankment roads on both sides of the breach. If the breach is short, the water flow is turbulent, and the water flow is deep, the vertical blocking method is used. The vertical blocking method uses a cylindrical or ellipsoidal caisson body 1, which is carried out from one bank or both banks of the breach at the same time. The caisson body 1 is stacked and placed one section after another. The caisson body 1 is pulled and fixed by a towing boat 5, an anchor pile 6, a bottom hook rope 7, and a pulling rope 8. The caisson body 1 is sunk by opening a valve 3. The caisson bodies 1 are fixedly connected by U-shaped buckles until they are more than 1 meter above the water surface. The construction of a caisson column structure is completed, and the caisson column structures are built in sequence in the river until the caisson column structure blocks the breach and the caisson blocking is completed. Step 5: With the deployment and plugging of caissons, the breach is shrinking and the flow velocity at the breach is increasing. After the caisson is plugged, at the last breach where the flow velocity is high and it is difficult to build a caisson, large-volume gabions, large-volume geotextile bags, linked geotextile bags, mesh bags, etc. are used as impact-resistant bodies to push and throw into the breach to complete the plugging of the composite dragon; Step 6: Use geotextile, quilt, soil, gravel and other filling materials to fill the gaps between the caisson bodies 1 to reduce the flow rate, complete the leak-proofing and air-sealing, thereby increasing the stability and impact resistance of the overall structure of the caisson; Step 7: Fill and tamp the breach of the dam 9 to restore the cross section of the dam 9 and complete the work of plugging the breach of the dam 9.

[0026] For step four, in addition to the flat blocking method and the vertical blocking method described in the above two embodiments, a mixed method of flat blocking method and vertical blocking method can also be used according to actual conditions, which is referred to as the flat and vertical mixed blocking method. The flat and vertical mixed blocking method is to first use the flat blocking method when the water flow is relatively slow during the repair of the breach of the dam 9 to ensure that the thrown sand and gravel, sinking box, etc. are not easily washed away. As the blocking section continues to advance and the breach is reduced, the flow velocity at the breach continues to increase, and the sand and gravel or bags, cages and other anti-impact bodies are easily washed away by the water flow, so the vertical blocking method is changed.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0029] Components not described in detail herein are prior art.

[0030] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention, and modifications or deformations without creative labor are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A caisson device for blocking a dam breach, characterized in that: The invention comprises a caisson body (1), valves (3) are installed at the lower part of the two end surfaces of the caisson body (1), the valves (3) are provided with extended handles, the caisson body (1) is fixedly connected with lifting ears (2) on all sides, an exhaust hole (4) is opened on the top, and a sealing cover is closed on the exhaust hole (4).

2. The caisson device for blocking and repairing a dam breach according to claim 1 is characterized by: The caisson body (1) is a rectangular parallelepiped.

3. The caisson device for blocking and repairing a dam breach according to claim 1 is characterized by: The caisson body (1) is a cylinder or an ellipsoid.

4. A method for repairing a dam breach, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Wrap the broken embankment heads at both ends of the breach; Step 2: Prepare the caisson body (1), the towing boat (5), the anchor pile (6), the bottom hook rope (7), the pulling rope (8), and the rescue personnel and equipment in place; Step 3: Fix the towing boat (5) 30-100 meters in front of the breach, with the bow of the towing boat (5) facing upstream and the side facing the breach, and fix the towing boat (5) with a ground anchor; Step 4: Use one of the horizontal blocking method and vertical blocking method to block the breach with caisson according to the prepared materials, water depth at the breach, and the conditions of the dikes and roads on both sides of the breach; Step 5: After the caisson is plugged, at the last gap where the flow rate is large and it is difficult to build the caisson, the impact-resistant body is used to push and throw the filling into the gap to complete the plugging of the composite dragon; Step 6: Use filler to fill the gaps between the caisson bodies (1) to complete leak repair and air sealing; Step 7: Fill and tamp the breach of the dam (9), restore the cross section of the dam (9), and complete the work of sealing the breach of the dam.

5. A method for repairing a dam breach according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wrapping method described in step 1 is to wrap the broken embankment head with geotextile for protection.

6. A method for repairing a dam breach according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wrapping method described in step one is to use one or more of geotextile bags, long tube bags, gabions, and earthfill bags to backfill and pile up at the broken embankment head for protection.

7. A method for repairing a dam breach according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom hook rope (7) and the pulling rope (8) are steel wire ropes.

8. A method for repairing a dam breach according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steps of the flat blocking method described in step 4 are as follows: Step 1: Use anchor piles (6) to pull and fix the bottom hook rope (7) on the embankments (9) on both sides of the breach, select a rectangular caisson body (1), connect the caisson body (1) to the bottom hook rope (7) through the lifting lug (2), and use the pulling rope (8) to pull the caisson body (1) to drop it into the breach, pull the pulling rope (8) on the upstream side of the caisson body (1) to the towing ship (5), and pull and fix the end of the caisson body (1) to the embankments (9) on both sides of the breach through the pulling rope (8) and the anchor piles (6), thereby completing the first caisson body (1) being dropped; Step 2: according to the method of step 1, the caisson bodies (1) are sequentially placed to block the breach, and two adjacent caisson bodies (1) are fixedly connected to the corresponding lifting ears (2) by U-shaped buckles, so that all the caisson bodies (1) are sequentially connected and fixed in series to form a whole, until a continuous floating caisson is formed between the sections of the dam (9) on both sides of the breach; Step 3, opening the valves (3) at both ends of each caisson body (1) one by one from the downstream side of the breach, and opening the exhaust hole (4) at the top of the caisson body (1), so that water can enter the caisson body (1) and the caisson body (1) sinks. When the top of the caisson body (1) is no higher than 0.5 meters above the water surface, close the valve (3) by using the extended handle on the valve (3), and the caisson body (1) stops sinking. Step 4, according to step 1 to step 3, repeatedly put the caisson body (1) so that the caisson body (1) forms a multi-layer floating caisson arranged continuously at the breach, and the adjacent caisson bodies (1) are fixedly connected with U-shaped buckles until the bottom caisson body (1) sinks to the bottom and the upper caisson body (1) is more than 1 meter above the water surface; The plugging method described in step 4 uses a cylindrical or ellipsoidal caisson body (1), which is carried out simultaneously from one bank or both banks of the breach, and stacks and places the caisson bodies (1) one section after another. The caisson bodies (1) are sunk by opening the valve (3). The caisson bodies (1) are fixedly connected by U-shaped buckles until they are more than 1 meter above the water surface, completing the construction of a caisson column structure. The caisson column structures are arranged in sequence and built in the river until the breach is blocked by the caisson column structure.

9. A method for repairing a dam breach according to claim 4, characterized in that: The impact-resistant body described in step five includes large-volume gabions, large-volume geotextile bags, and linked geotextile bags.

10. A method for repairing a dam breach according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filling material in step six includes geotextile, soil and gravel.

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